point of death, that I might show you the excellence of
my remedies, and the desire which I have to be of service
to you.
ARG. I am obliged to you, Sir, for the kindness you
have for me.
Tor. Let me feel your pulse. Come, beat as you
should. Ah ! I shall make you go as you ought. Ho !
this pulse plays the impertinent ; I perceive well enough
that you do not know me as yet. Who is your physician ?
ARG. Mr. Purgon.
Tor. This man is not in my note-book amongst the
great physicians. From what does he say that you
suffer?
ARG. He says it is from the liver, and others say it is
from the spleen.
Toi. They are all blockheads. It is from the lungs that
you are ill.
ARG. From the lungs?
Toi. Yes. What do you feel ?
ARG. I feel from time to time qualms.
Toi. Exactly, the lungs.
ARG. I seem to have a mist before my eyes some-
times.
Tor. The lungs.
ARG. I have now and then a pain at the heart.
Toi. The lungs.
ARG. I feel a weariness in my limbs at times.
Toi. The lungs.
ARG. And now and then I am taken with pains in the
stomach, just as if it were the colics.
Toi. The lungs. Do you relish your food ?
22O THE IMAGINARY INVALID. [ACT m.
ARC. Yes, Sir.
Toi. The lungs. You like to take a little wine?
ARG. Yes, Sir.
Toi. The lungs. You feel an inclination to take a little
nap after your meals, and you are glad to go to sleep?
ARG. Yes, Sir.
Toi. The lungs, the lungs, I tell you. What does the
doctor order you to eat?
ARG. He orders me soup.
Toi. The ignorant fellow !
ARG. Poultry.
Toi. The ignorant fellow !
ARG. Veal.
Toi. The ignorant fellow !
ARG. Broth.
Toi. The .ignorant fellow!
ARG. New-laid eggs.
Toi. The ignorant fellow !
ARG. And in the evening some prunes to loosen the
belly.
Toi. The ignorant fellow !
ARG. And above all, to take my wine well diluted.
Toi. Ignorantus, ignoranta, ignorantum. You must
drink your wine pure, and, to thicken your blood, which
is too thin, you must eat good solid beef, good solid pork,
good Dutch cheese; groats and rice, and chestnuts and
thin cakes, to thicken and conglutinate. Your doctor is
an ass. I shall send you one of my choice; and I shall
come to see you from time to time, while I am in this
town.
ARG. You will oblige me very much.
Toi. What the deuce do you want with this arm?
ARG. How?
Toi. I would have this arm cut off instanter if I were
you.
ARG. And why?
Toi. Do you not see that it attracts to itself all the nou 1 -
rishment, and that it prevents this side from growing.
ARG. Yes ; but I want my arm.
Toi. You have a right eye there, too, which I would
have taken out, if I were in your place.
SCENE xvi]. THE IMAGINARY INVALID. 221
ARC. An eye taken out?
Toi. Do you not see that it incommodes the other, and
robs it of its nourishment? Believe me, have it taken out
as quickly as possible; you will see all the clearer with the
left eye.
ARC. There is no hurry.
Toi. Farewell. I am sorry to leave you so soon ; but I
must be present at a great consultation which is to be held
about a man who died yesterday.
ARG. About a man who died yesterday ?
Toi. Yes : to consider and see what ought to have been
done to cure him. Until we meet again.
ARG. You know that invalids are excused from seeing
any one to the door.
SCENE XV. ARGAN, BERALDE.
BER. This physician really seems very clever.
ARG. Yes ; but he does things a little too quickly.
BER. All great physicians are like that.
ARG. To cut off an arm, to take out an eye, so that
the other may be better ! I much prefer that the other
should not be quite so well. A fine operation, to make
me one-eyed and one-armed.
SCENE XVI. ARGAN, BERALDE, TOINETTE.
Toi. {Pretending to speak to some one outside). Come,
come, I am your humble servant, I am in no mood to be
merry.
ARG What is the matter ?
Toi. Your physician, troth who wished to feel my
pulse.
ARG. Look at that, at the age of ninety.
BER. Well now ! brother, since your Mr. Purgon has
fallen out with you, will you not give me leave to speak to
you about the match which is proposed for my niece.
ARG. No, brother : I mean to place her in a convent,
for having ran counter to my wishes. I perceive well
enough that there is some love-affair in the case ; and I
discovered a certain secret interview which they do not
know that I have discovered.
BER. Well ! brother ; and suppose there is some slight
222 THE IMAGINARY INVALID. [ACT in.
inclination, would that be so very criminal ? And can
there be aught in it to offend you, when all this aims only
at what is honourable, marriage.
ARG. Be that as it may, brother, she shall be a nun ;
that is a settled thing.
BER. You wish to please some one.
ARG. I understand you. You always come back to that,
and you dislike my wife.
BER Well then ! yes, brother : since I am to speak
frankly to you, it is your wife I am alluding to ; and I
can no more bear your infatuation for physic, than your
infatuation for her and see you running headlong into
all the snares which she spreads for you.
Toi. Ah ! Sir, do not talk about my mistress; she is a
woman of whom nothing can be said, a woman without
any guile, and who loves my master, who loves him . . .
One cannot express it.
ARG. Just ask her how she caresses me.
Toi. That is true.
ARG. What uneasiness my illness causes her.
Toi. Assuredly.
ARG. And the care and the pains she takes about me.
Toi. To be sure. {To Beralde). Do you wish me to
convince you, and to show you immediately how my mis-
tress loves master ? ( To Argari). Allow me to show him
his blunder, Sir, and to convince him of his error. 42
ARG. How?
Toi. The mistress is coming back. Put yourself at full
length in this chair, and pretend that you are dead. You
shall see the grief she shall be in, when I tell her the news.
ARG. I will do it.
Toi. Yes ; but do not leave her long in despair ; for she
might die of it.
ARG. Leave it to me.
Toi. {To Btralde). And you, hide yourself in this
corner.
SCENE XVII. ARGAN, BERALDE.
ARG. Is there not some danger in counterfeiting death?
42 The original has souffrez que je lui montre son bec-jaune. See Vol.
II., Don Juan, page 101, note n.
SCBNK XVIH.] THE IMAGINARY INVALID. 223
Toi. No, no. What danger should there be? Only
stretch yourself out there. (Softly}. It will be a pleasure
to confound your brother. Here comes the mistress.
Steady as you are.
SCENE XVIII. BELINE, ARGAN, stretched out in his chair;
TOINETTE.
Toi. (Pretending not to see JBeline). Ah ! good Hea-
vens ! Ah ! what a misfortune ! What a strange accident !
BEL. What ails you, Toinette ?
Toi. Ah ! mistress !
BEL. What is the matter ?
Toi. Your husband is dead.
BEL. My husband is dead ?
Toi. Alas ! yes ! the poor man is gone.
BEL. Are you sure?
Toi. I am sure. No one knows the accident as yet ;
and I was here all alone. He just now passed away in my
arms. Look, there he is at full length in his chair.
BEL. Heaven be praised for it ! I have got rid of a great
burden. How silly you are, Toinette, to make yourself
miserable about this death !
Toi. I thought, mistress, that I ought to cry.
BEL. Come, come, it is not worth while. What do we
lose in him ; and what good was he upon the earth ? A
man who was a trouble to everybody, dirty, disgusting,
never without some enema or physic in him, always
blowing his nose, coughing or spitting; without sense,
tiresome, bad-tempered, for ever fatiguing people, and
scolding night and day the maids and the servants.
Toi. This is a pretty funeral oration !
BEL. You must help me, Toinette, to execute my plan ;
and you may depend upon it that, in helping me, your re-
ward shall be sure. Since, by good fortune, no one has as
yet been told of the affair, let us carry him to his bed,
and keep his death secret, until I have managed my busi-
ness. There are some papers, there is some money which
I wish to get hold of; and it would not be just that I
should have fruitlessly wasted the prime of my years with
him. Come, Toinette; let us first of all take his keys.
ARC. (Suddenly getting up). Gently.
224 THE IMAGINARY INVALID. [ACT m.
BEL. Oh!
ARC. Aha ! my lady, that is how you love me !
Toi. Ah ! Ah ! the dead man is not dead.
ARC. ( To Beline, who is going). I am very glad to see
your good feeling, and to have heard the fine panegyric
which you have pronounced on me. This is a wholesome
advice which will make me more prudent for the future,
and which will prevent me from doing many things. 4 *
SCENE XIX. BERALDE, coming out of the corner where he
has been hit-den; ARGAN, TOINETTE.
BER. Well, brother, you see now ?
Toi. Upon my word, I should never have believed this.
But I hear your daughter. Place yourself again as you
were, and let us see in what manner she will take your
death. It is not a bad thing to find out ; and, while you
are about it, you shall know, by these means, the feelings
of your family for you.
(Beralde goes into hiding again.
SCENE XX. ARGAN, ANGELIQUE, TOINETTE.
Toi. (Pretending not to see Angelique}. Oh, Heaven !
Ah, sad event ! Unhappy day !
AN. What ails you Toinette ? and why do you cry ?
Toi. Alas ! I have sad news to tell you.
AN. Eh ! what ?
Toi. Your father is dead.
AN. My father is dead, Toinette ?
Toi. Yes. There he is. He has just died of a fainting
fit that took him.
AN. Oh, Heaven ! what a misfortune ! what a cruel
blow ! Alas ! am I to lose my father, the only thing I had
left in the world ; and, still more, to complete my unhap-
piness, must I lose him in a moment when he was angry
with me ! What is to become of me, unhappy being ? and
what consolation shall I find after so great a loss ?
43 The primary idea of the character of Beline is to be found in a farce,
played before Moliere came to Paris, and called The Sick Husband ;
wherein a wife rejoices, with her lover, on hearing of the death of her
spouse.
SCKNBXXii.] THE IMAGINARY INVALID. 225
SCENE XXI. ARGAN, ANGELIQUE, CLEANTE, TOINETTE.
CLE. What is the matter, fair Angelique? and what
misfortune are you bewailing?
AN. Alas ! I am bewailing all that I could lose of what
is most dear and precious in life; I am bewailing the
death of my father.
CLE. Oh, Heavens ! what an accident ! what an unfore-
seen blow. Alas ! after the request for your hand which
I besought your uncle to make for me, I came to intro-
duce myself to him, and to try, by my respects and en-
treaties, to dispose his heart to grant you to my love.
AN. Ah ! Cleante ! let us no longer talk of anything ;
let us leave all thoughts of marriage. After the loss of
my father, I will no longer belong to this world, and I
renounce it forever. Yes, father, if I have just now op-
posed your inclinations, I shall at least carry out one of
your intentions, and make amends, by that, for the grief
which I accuse myself of having caused you. ( Throwing
herself at his fee/). Suffer me, father, now to pledge you
my word, and to embrace you, to show you my repen-
tance.
ARG. {Embracing Angelique). Ah! daughter.
AN. Oh!
ARG. Come. Have no fear ; I am not dead. There,
you are my own flesh and blood, my own dear daughter j
and I am delighted to have seen your good feeling.
SCENE XXII.-ARGAN, TOINETTE, ANGELIQUE, CLEANTE,
BERALDE.
AN. Ah ! what an agreeable surprise ! Father, since,
by an extreme good fortune, Heaven has given you back
to my love, suffer me to throw myself at your feet to be-
seech you for one thing. If you are not favourable to the
inclination of my heart ; if you refuse me Cleante for a
husband, I implore you, at least, not to force me to marry
another. This is all the favour I ask of you.
CLE. (Throwing himself at Argan's feet}. Oh! Sir,
allow yourself to be touched by her prayers and mine ;
and do not show yourself opposed to the mutual ardour of
such a fine affection.
BER. Can you still hold out, brother?
226 THE IMAGINARY INVALID. [ lcr IIL
Toi. Can you be insensible to so much love, Sir ?
ARC. Let him become a doctor, and I consent to the
marriage. (To Cleante}. Yes, become a physician, and
I give you my daughter.
CLE. With all my heart, Sir. If it depends but upon
this to be your son-in-law, I shall become a doctor, an
apothecary even, if you wish it. It is not much to do,
and I would consent to many other things to obtain the
fair Angelique.
BER. But, brother, a thought comes into my head. Be-
come a physician yourself. The convenience will be still
greater of having within yourself all that you need.
Toi. That is true. That is the proper way of getting
quickly cured ; and there is no complaint so daring as to
meddle with the person of a physician.
ARC. I think that you are jesting with me, brother. Am
I of an age to study ?
BER. To study ! that is good. You are learned enough ;
and there are many among them, who are not mote clever
than you are.
ARC. But one should know to speak Latin well, under-
stand the diseases, and the remedies to apply.
BER. In receiving the gown and the cap of a physician,
you will learn all that ; and you will afterwards be more
skilful than you like to be.
ARG. What ! do people know how to discourse upon
diseases when they have on that gown ?
BER. Yes. You have but to speak with a gown and a
cap, and any gibberish becomes learned, and all nonsense
becomes sense.
Toi. There, Sir, if it was only for your beard, that goes
a great way already ; for the beard makes more than half
of the physician.
CLE. In any case, I am ready to do everything.
BER. Will you have the thing done immediately ?
ARG. How, immediately?
BER. Yes, and in your own house.
ARG. In my own house ?
BER. Yes. I know a body of physicians, friends of
mine, who will come instantly and perform the ceremony
in your hall. It will cost you nothing.
SCENE xxin.] THE IMAGINARY INVALID. 227
ARC. But I, what am I to say? what to answer?
BER. You will be instructed in two words, and they
will give you in writing what you are to say. Go and put
on a decent dress. I shall go and fetch them.
ARG. Well, let us see all this.
SCENE XXIII. BERALDE, ANGELIQUE, CLEANTE,
TOINETTE.
CLE. What do you mean ? and what do you understand
by these physician friends of yours ?
Toi. What is your plan, then ?
BER. To amuse ourselves a little this evening. The
comedians have composed a slight interlude about the in-
stallation of a physician with music and dances. I wish
that we should enjoy the entertainment together, and that
my brother should play the principal personage in it.
AN. But, uncle, I think that you are jesting a little too
much with my father.
BER. But, niece, it is rather accommodating ourselves
to his whims than jesting with him. All this is only be-
tween ourselves. We can each of us take a part in it our-
selves, and thus perform the comedy for one another.
The carnival authorizes all this. Come, let us quickly go
and get everything ready.
CLE. (To Angelique). Do you consent ?
AN. Yes, since my uncle manages the affair.
THIRD INTERLUDE.
A Burlesque Ceremony of admitting a Doctor of Medi-
cine in recitative Music and Dancing.
Several upholsterers enter to prepare the hall, and place
the benches to music. After which the -whole assembly \ com-
posed of eight syringe -bearers, six apothecaries, twenty-two
doctors, and the person that is to be admitted physician, eight
surgeons dancing, and two singing, enter, and take their
places, each according to his rank.
228 THE IMAGINARY INVALID.
PRAESES. Savantissimi Doctores,**
Medicinae Professores,
Qui hie assemblati estis ;
Et vos, altri messiores,
Sententiarum Facultatis
Fideles executores ;
Chirurgiani et apothecari,
Atque tota compania aussi,
Salus, honor, et argentum,
Atque bonum appetitum.
Non possum, docti confreri
En moi satis admirari,
Qua! is bona inventio,
Est medici professio ;
Quam bella chosa est et bene trovata,
Medicina ilia benedicta,
Quae, suo nomine solo,
Surprenanti miraculo,
Depuis si longo tempore,
Facit a gogo vivere
Tant de gens omni genere.
Per totam terrum videmus
Grandam vogam ubi sumus;
Et quods grandes et petiti
Sunt de nobis infatuti.
Totus mundus, currens ad nostros remedies,
Nos regardat sicut decs,
Et nostris ordonnanciis
Principes et Reges soumissos videtis.
Doncque il est nostrae sapientiae,
Boni sensus atque prudentiae,
De fortement travaillare
A nos bene conservare
In tali credito, voga et honore ;
44 In this interlude there is such an amount of Latin, dog- Latin, Italian,
French, and of words belonging to no language under the sun, that, by
rendering any of it into English, the effect of the whole is greatly marred,
I have, therefore, left it in the original.
THE IMAGINARY INVALID. 2 29
Et prendere gardam a non recevere
In nostro docto corpora,
Quam personas capabiles,
Et tolas dignas remplire
Has plasas honorabiles.
C'est pour cela que nunc convocatis estis j
Et credo quod trovabitis
Dignam matieram medici
In savanti homine que voici ;
Lequel, in chosis omnibus;
Dono ad interrogandum,
Et a fond examinandum
Vostris capacitatibus.
PRIMUS DOCTOR.
Si mihi licentiam dat dominus praeses,
Et tanti docti doctores,
Et assistantes illustres,
Tres-savanti bacheliero,
Quern estimo honoro,
Domandabo causam et rationem quare
Opium facit dormire.
BACHELIERUS.
Mihi a docto doctore.
Domandatur causam et rationem quare
Opium facit domire.
A quoi respondeo ;
Quia est in eo
Virtus dormitiva,
Cujus est natura
Sensus assoupire. tf
CHORUS. Bene, bene, bene respondere.
Dignus, dignus est intrare
In nostro docto corpore.
Bene, bene respondere.
45 In Descartes' time, and before him, everything was explained by
forms, virtues, entities, quiddities. A thing was cold because it had a
frigorific virtue ; hot because it had a calorific virtue.
230 THE IMAGINARY INVALID.
SECUNDUS DOCTOR.
Cum permissione domini praesidis
Doctissimae Facultatis,
Et totius his nostris actis
Companiae assistantis,
Domandabo tibi, docte bachelierCe
Quae sunt remedia
Quae, in maladia
Dite hydropisia
Convenit facere?
BACHELIERUS.
Clysterium donare,
Postea seignare,
Ensuita purgare.
CHORUS. Bene, bene, bene, bene respondere-
Dignus, dignus, est intrare
In nostros docto corpora.
TERTIUS DOCTOR.
Si bonum semblatur domino praesidi,
Doctissimae Facultati,
Et companiae praesenti,
Domandabo tibi, docte bacheliere,
Quae remedia eticis,
Pulrnonicis atque asmaticis
Trovas a propos facere.
BACHELIERUS.
Clysterium donare,
Postea seignare,
Ensuita purgare.
CHORUS. Bene, bene, bene respondere.
Dignus, dignus est intrare
In nostro docto corpore.
QUARTUS DOCTOR.
Super illas maladias,
Doctus bachelierus dixit maravillas ;
Mais, si non ennuyo dominum praesidem.
Doctissimam Facultatem,
Et totam honorabilem
Companiam ecoutantem;
THE IMAGINARY INVALID. 231
Faciam illi unam questionem.
Dds hiero maladus unus
Tombavit in meas manus ;
Habet grandam fievram cum redoublamentis,
Grandam dolorem capitis,
Et grandum malurn au c6t6.
Cum granda difficultate
Et pena de respirare.
Veillas mihi dire,
Docte bacheliere
Quid illi facere.
BACHELIERUS.
Clysterium donare,
Postea seignare,
Ensuita purgare.
QUINTUS DOCTOR.
Mais, si maladia
Opiniatria
Non vult se garire,
Quid illi facere?
BACHELIERUS. Clysterium donare
Postea seignare,
Ensuita purgare.
Reseignare, repurgare, et reclysterisare.
CHORUS. Bene, bene, bene, bene respondere:
Dignus, dignus est intrare
In nostro docto corpore.
PRAESES. Juras gardare statuta
Per Facultatem prgescripta,
Cum sensu et jugeamento ?
BACHELIERUS. Juro. 46
46 It is said that Moli&re felt so ill on pronouncing these words, at the
fourth representation of The Imaginary Invalid, that he could not get on
any longer, and the curtain was obliged to fall.
232 THE IMAGINARY INVALID.
PRAESES. Essere in omnibus
Consultationibus,
Ancieni aviso,
Aut bono,
Aut mauvaiso?
BACHELIERUS. Juro.
PRAESES. De non jamais te servire
De remediis aucunis,
Quam de ceuxseulement doctae Facultatis,
Maladus dut-il crevare
Et mori de suo malo ?
BACHELIERUS. Juro.
PRAESES. Ego, cum isto boneto
Venerabili et docto,
Dono tibi et concedo
Virtutem et puissanciam
Medicandi,
Purgandi,
Seignandi,
Percandi,
Taillandi,
Coupandi,
Et occidendi
Impune per totam terram.
Entry of the Ballet.
All the Surgeons and Apothecaries come to do him reverence
to Music.
BACH. Grandes doctores doctrinae
De la rhubarbe et du sene,
Ce serait sans douta a moi chosa folia,
Inepta et ridicula,
Si j'alloibam m' engageare
Vobis louangeas donare,
Et entreprenoibam adjoutare
Des lumieras au soleillo,
Et des etoilas au cielo,
Des ondas a 1' Oceano ;
Et des rosas au printano.
THE IMAGINARY INVALID. 233
Agreate qu' avec uno mo to
Pro toto remercimento
Rendam gratias corpori tarn docto.
Vobis, vobis debeo
Bien plus qu' a naturae et qu' a patri meo.
Natura et pater meus
Hominem me habent factum ;
Mais vos me, ce qui est bien plus,
Avetis factum medicum :
Honor, favor et gratia,
Qui, in hoc corde que voila,
Imprimant ressentimenta
Qui dureront in secula,
CHORUS. Vivat, vivat, vivat, vivat, cent fois vivat
Novus doctor, qui tam bene parlat !
Mille, mille annis, et manget et bibat,
Et seignet et tuat !
Third Entry of the Ballet.
All the Surgeons and Apothecaries dance to the sound of the
Instruments and Voices, and clapping of hands, and
Apothecaries' Mortars.
Chirurgus. Puisse-t-il voir doctas
Suas ordonnancias,
Omnium chirurgorum,
Et apothicarum
Remplire boutiquas !
Chorus. Vivat, vivat, vivat, vivat, cent fois vivat,
Novus doctor, qui, tam bene parlat
Mille, mille annis, et manget et bibat,
Et seignet et tuat !
Chirurgus. Puissent toti anni
Lui essere boni
Et favorabiles,
Et n' habere jamais
Quam pestas, verolas,
Fievras, pleuresias
Fluxus de sang et dyssenterias I
234 THE IMAGINARY INVALID.
Chorus. Vivat, vivat, vivat, vivat, cent fois vivat,
Novus doctor, qui tarn bene parlat !
Mille, mille annis, et magnet et bibat,
Et seignet et tuat !
The Doctors, Surgeons and Apothecaries go out all according
to their several ranks, with the same ceremony as they
entered.
47 There exists also an addition to the ceremony, namely, speeches of
three other doctors, and some variations in those of the physicians who
have spoken, as well as in other parts of the ceremony. But as these
changes are found only in the editions of Rouen and Amsterdam, and are
most probably not by Moliere, we do not give them here.
LA JALOUSIE DU BARBOUILLE.
COMEDIE.
THE JEALOUSY OF LE BARBOUILLE.
A COMEDY IN ONE ACT.
(THE ORIGINAL IN PROSS.)
INTRODUCTORY NOTICE,
The Jealousy of le Barbouille is probably an imitation of one of the
Italian commedia del 'arte, and was composed when Moliere was traveling
in the provinces, when he sketched or wrote a certain number of come-
diettas, or rather farces, to amuse his country audiences. 1 It is impossible
to say when they were first performed, though a few were acted even after
Moliere's return to Paris.
The manuscript of The yealousy of le Barbouille, and of the following
farce, The Flying- Doctor, was, in 1731, in the hands of Jean Baptiste
Rousseau, who lived then at Brussels. They were first published in 1819,
and have since that time been generally added to the other dramatic
works of Moliere. The subject of The Jealousy of le Barbouille appears
to be taken from one of Boccaccio's tales, 2 which was afterwards devel-
oped in George Dandin.
1 The titles of some of these farces are to be found in the Prefatory Memoir of
Moliere, Vol. I., page xxv.
*'See Introductory Notice to George Dandin, Vol. II., page 517.
DRAMATIS PERSONS.
LE BARBOUILLE, S Angelique's husband.
THE DOCTOR.
VALERE, Angelique's lover.
GORG I BUS , Angelique 's father.
VlILEBREQUIN.
LA VALLEE.
ANGELIQUE.
CATHAU, her maid.
3 Le Barbouille' means the besmeared, because probably in former times
the actor who played this part rubbed his face with flour'.
THE JEALOUSY OF LE BARBOUILLE.
JALOUSIE DU BARBOUILLE.)
SCENE I. LE BARBOUILLE, alone.
It must be admitted that I am the most unfortunate of
all men ! I have a wife who drives me mad : instead of
relieving me and doing things as I like, she makes me wish
myself at the devil twenty times a day ; instead of staying
at home, she likes to go walking about, loves good cheer,
and keeps company with I do not know what kind of peo-
ple. Ah ! poor Barbouille, how wretched you are ! She
must, however, be punished. Suppose I killed her . . .
that idea is worth nothing, for you should be hanged. If