charts, in relation with altitudes, will show that it, like temperature, is
greatly influenced by local conditions. Indeed it is difficult to trace that
moisture has any influence per se. Moreover, it will be found that the
amount of rain-fall is no criterion by which to measure the hygrometric
state of the atmosphere; and with reference to salubrity, the disposal of
the rain-fall is much more important. A soil which will not readily dis-
pose of it, or local conditions which contaminate it, are always impor-
tant. But with special reference to the degree of atmospheric moisture
deemed to be most desirable for consumptives, Jaccoud 1 says the desir-
1 •' Curability and Treatment of Pulmonary Phthisis."
PBACTICAL cn.M'i.i sIoNS. 379
able limits ;iro to be found between 70 andSOhygrometric degrees. This
statement, in conjunction with the hygrometrica] measurements and the
ratios of deaths from pulmonary diseases in different localities, will be
Found perfectly consistent with the results deducible from the statistical
evidence of this volume.
INDEX.
Absolute humidity, 39
Absorptive power of heat, 58
Aerial currents, how produced, 65
"Aire," a disease of high altitude, 80
Air, capacity of, for heat, 59
floating matter in, 42
Alabama, 193
Alaska, 232
Alden, Surgeon C. H., U. S. A., ob-
servations of, 234
Alexander, Dr. S., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 198
Allegbany Mountains, 144, 377
Altitude, 72
effect of atmospheric move-
ments, 114
Altitudes of signal stations, 138
Ammonia, 28
Appalachian Mountains, 144, 377
April weather review, 327
Aqueous vapor in relation to snow, 276
Arequipa, Peru, 79
Arizona, 209
Arkansas, 197
Artificial and local conditions not
climate, 3
Atlanta, Ga., 144
Atlantic slope, 144
States, 144
States, tide-water region, 156
Atkins, Dr. F. H., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 198
Atmosphere, composition of, 7
density of, 5
extent and physical prop-
erties of, 4
height of, 4
special movements of, 5
variable constituents of,
28
weight of, 4
Atmospheric electricity, 40
pressure, influence of, on
health, 85
August weather review, 259
Auroras :
Julv, 256
August, 263
September, 269
October, 276
Auroras :
November, 287
December, 297
January, 304
February, 317
March, 325
April, 333
June, 356
Bacteria, proportion of, in the air at
different altitudes, 377
Baker, Dr. W. D., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 234
Barometer, invention of, 4
monthly and annnal means,
120
Barometers, elevation of, above sea-
level, 138
Barometrical Pressure :
July, 251
August, 259
September, 265
October, 271
November, 279
December, 289
Januaiy, 299
February, 309
March, 319
April, 327
May, 335
June, 345
Barometrical reduction to sea-level, 141
Bowditch, Dr. H. I., observations of,
163
Brooke, Dr. Jno., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 232
Byrne, Dr. C. B., U. S. A., observations
of, 234
Cabell, Prof. J. L., observations of, 151
" Caisson disease," 85
California, 235
Campagna, the, 105
Capacity of different substances for
heat, 60
Carbonic acid, 36
acid, test of, 38
Chase, Dr. E. G., U. S. A., observations
of, 234
Chest measurements in high altitude, 81
382
INDEX.
Classification of climate, Dr. Denni-
son's. 72
Cleary, Dr. P. J. A., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 198
Climate, division of, into zones, 57
stability of local conditions of,
45
Climatological topography in general,
111
topography of United
States, 116
topography and mineral
springs of the Atlan-
tic States, 144
Climatology, what is, 1
Coal in relation to climate, 53
pits, ozone in, 17
Cold and heat, less oppressive at sea, 93
Colorado, 211
Coloration of ozone test-paper, 22
Columbia, S. C, 145
Conclusions, practical, on climate, 376
Configuration of continents, influence
of, on climate, 112
Connecticut, 164
Conservative influence of forests, 98
Constancy of westerly winds, 66
Constituents of the atmosphere, 7
Consumption, mortality from, 116
U. S. Army, 118
ratio of deaths from, to
10,000 living, 373
ratio of deaths from, to
other diseases in the
United States, 116
Cooper, G. E., Surgeon U. S. A., ob-
servations of, 148
Corals and coral islands in relation to
climate, 51
Croll, James, observations of, 276
Dakota, 180, 224
Dangerous local conditions, 2
Death-rates per 1,000 of population in
the different States and Territories,
375
December, weather review, 289
Decrease of temperature by elevation,
61
De Hanne, Dr. R. S., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 208
Dennison, Dr. , classification of climate,
72
Diffusion of gases, 36
Disease germs, 43
Diseases, geographical distribution of,
70
influenced by geography, 70
influenced by the seasons, 357
Distribution of heat by the ocean, 49
Douglass, Dr. G. C, U. S, A., observa-
tions of, 218
Diaper. H. N., observations of, 105
Droughts :
July, 253
August, 261
Droughts :
September, 268
October, 273
November, 286
January, 304
Dryness and elevation with reference to
phthisis, 72
relative, 76
Eastern Highlands, advantages of, 377
Efficiency of lightning conductors, 257
Electricity, Atmospheric, 40
July, 256
August. 263
September, 269
October, 276
November, 287
December. 297
January, 304
February, 316
March, 324
April, 333
May, 343
June, 354
Electrical state of the atmosphere in
forests, 100
Elevation of barometers, thermometers,
and rain-gauges above sea-level and
above ground, 138
Eucalyptus, the, 101
culture, 105
in California, 109
Evaporating and radiating surface of
foliage, 98
Floating matter in the air, 42
Florida, 190
Forests, 96
effects of, on temperature, 99
ozone in, 16
Fort Union and vicinity, N. Mex., 206
Fremont, observations of, 203
Functions of plants in drying the soil,
96
Gardner, Dr. W. H., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 206
Gases of putrefaction, 31
Geological agencies of climate, 45
Georgia, 144
Germs, disease, 43
Gibbs, Dr. B. F., U. S. N., observations
of, 79
Girard, Dr. J. B., U. S. A., observations
of, 209
Greenleaf, Dr. C. R., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 218
Gulf stream, effects of, 48
Hammond, Prof. Wm. A., on light, 95
Haviland, Alfred, on the winds, 70
Harvey, Dr. P. F, U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 193
Heat, 54
absorptive power of, 58
Hewitt, Dr. C. N., observations of, 179
I.NDKX.
I li_li altitude, eflVcts of,
Hopkins, Dr. H. F., observations of,
Hm t..n. Dr. S. M., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 198
Humidity, atmospheric, '■'>'■>
effects of, on "/.one. 2 1
of forests, 96
monthly and annual mean,
139
ratine table of, 72
Humidity, relative :
Julv, 264
Aii-nst. 962
September, 268
October. 274
November, 286
December. 897
January, 303
February, 315
March, 322
April, 331
May, 341
June, 351
Huntington. Dr. D. L., U. S. A., obser-
vations of, 235
Hydrogen, peroxide of, 11
Ice, influence of. on the temperature
of the Eastern States, 62
Idaho, 217
Indiana, 180
IUinois, 180
Indian Territory, 197
Impure air, ozone in, 19
Influence of humidity on ozone, 24
Iowa, 180
Isobaric lines, 251
Isothermal lines, 63, 251
Jaccoud, observations of, 378
Jaquett, Dr. Geo. P., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 217
Jauja, Peru, 80
Jessup, Dr. S. S., U. S. A., observations
of, 208
July weather review, 251
Kansas, 198
Kedzie, Prof. R. C, on ozone, 14
Kentucky, 181
Knickerbocker, Dr. R., U. S. A., ob-
servations of, 234
Law of gaseous diffusion, 36
Laws of heat, 54
Leber, observations of, 377
Life insurance, climatological relations
of. 370
Light, deprivation of, 95
importance of. to health, 84
Lightning conductors, 257
Land and water, relations of, to cli-
mate, 45
Loring, Dr. L. G., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 909
Louisiana, i'.»3
Lung capacity in high altitudes, 81
March weather review, 819
" Mariners," L". S , 93
liiguel, observations of, :;77
Military posts, mortality from consump-
tion at, 118
Mineral Springs.
Alkaline.
Adams, CaL, 214
Albury. Vt., 166
Alum, Va.. 154
Borax. CaL, 245
Blount, Ala.. 1 '.»:>
Berkshire, Vt., 165
Canon City, Col., 228
Carlisle. Col.. 328
Congress, Cal., 244
Elgin, Vt , 167
Frv's Soda, 244
Highland, Cal., 845
Highgate, Vt.. 165
Lower Soda, Cal., 242
Milford, N. H., 164
Manitou, Col., 226
Middletown, Vt., 165
Napa Soda, Cal.. 244
Newbury, Vt., 165
Perry, ill.. 181
Rockv Mountain, Col., 227
Ravenden, Ark., 201
South Park, Col., 829
Summit Soda. Cal., 249
Seltzer, Cal., 24:5
Sheldon, Vt., 168
Vichy, Cal.. 243
Wilhoit Soda, Cal., 242
Calcic.
Bethesda, Wis., 178
Butterworth, Midi., 175
Birch- Dale, Vt., 167
Clarendon, Vt.. 167
Eaton Rapids. Mich., 176
Gettysburg, Pa., 157
Hubbardston, Mich., 175
Silurian. Wis., 178
Chalybeate.
Abbeville, S. C. 146
Bedford, Pa., 157
Blassburg, Pa., 158
Cooper's Well. Miss., 195
Estill, Ky., 186
Fayette, Pa., 158
Gordon's, Ga.. 145
Greencastle, Ind., 185
Kittrell's, N. C, 147
Madison, Ga., 145
Manley, N. C, 147
Milford, N. H., 164
Montvale, Tenn.. 189
Owosso, Mich., 177
Rowland's, Ga., 145
Schooley's Mountain, N. J., 156
:384
INDEX.
Mineral Springs,
Chalybeate .
Schuyler Co., 111., 181
Sparta, Wis., 178
Versailles, Ind., 182
Miscellaneous.
Alum, Va., 154
Birch-Dale, N. H., 167
Borax, Cal., 245
Climax, Mo., 198
Eureka, Ark., 201
Fairview, Tex., 196
Greene Cone, Fla., 194
Geysers, the American, Wyomg.,
229
Geyser Spa, Cal., 247
Iodide and bromide, Mo., 198
Piedmont, Tex., 197
Stafford, Ct., 168
Summit, Me., 168
Welden, Vt., 167
Purgative.
Blue Lick, Ky., 185
Crab Orchard, Ky., 187
Elgin, Vt., 167
Esculapian, Ky., 187
Harrodsburg, Ky., 188
Midland, Mich., 177
Pagosa, Col., 227
Saline.
Fruit-Port Well, Mich., 173
Grand Haven, Mich, 174.
Louisville Artesian, Ky., 185
Michigan Congress, 173
Mt. Clemens, Mich., 175
Ocean, Ala., 196
Salt, Va., 155
Spring-Lake Well, Mich., 174
St. Louis, Mo., 200
Sulphurous.
Alpena, Mich., 176
Balston, N. Y., 160
Bladon, Fla., 194
Blue Lick, Ky., 185
Carlisle, Pa., 157
De Soto, La., 196
Dremion, Ky., 186
Fronch Lick, Ind., 183
Glenn's, S. C, 146
Highgate, Vt., 165
Indian, Ga., 145
Indian, Ind.. 183
Lodi Artesian, Ind., 185
Manly, N. C, 147
Minnequa, Pa., 157
Montesana, Mo., 199
Olympian, Ky , 186
Pertea Springs. Col , 229
Salt Sulphur, Va., 154
Saratoga, N. Y., 158
Sharon, N. Y., 160
Sheldon, Vt., 165
Shocco, N. C, 147
St. Helena White Sulphur, Cal.,
246
•St. Louis, Mich., 177
Mineral Springs.
Sulphurous.
Sweet, Mo., 199
Valhemosa, Ala., 195
West Baden, Ind., 182
White Sulphur, La., 196
White Sulphur, Montana 231
White Sulphur, Va., 151
Thermal.
Agua Caliente, N. M., 225
Arrow Head, Cal., 247
Buncombe Co., N. C, 147
Calistoga, Cal., 246
Chalk Creek Hot, Col., 228
Charleston, S. C, Artesian, 146
Des Cehutes Hot, Ore., 243
Harbines, Cal., 248
Hot Springs, Ark., 200
Idaho Hot, Col., 227
Merri weather, Ga., 145
Middle Park Hot, Col., 225
Ojo Caliente, N. M., 224
Paraiso, Cal., 248
Passo Robles, Cal., 247
Salt Lake, Utah, 231
Seigler, Cal., 249
Skaggs, Cal., 247
Virginia, 151
Volcano, Nev., 231
Moisture, atmospheric, 39
Mortality from nervous diseases, 117
Madrepores, agency of, 51
Maine, 161
McEldery, Dr. H., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 234
Michigan, 169
Military posts, ratio of deaths from
consumption, 118
Minnesota, 179
Mississippi, 193
Basin, 169
Missouri, 197
Moffat, Dr. P., U. S. A., observations
of, 21.1
Moisture, amount of exhaled, 77
effects of, on ozone, 20
Mortality from consumption, 116
Mount Washington, 158
Nebraska, 180
Nervous diseases, deaths from, 117
Natural drainage by pines, 97
New England, 158
New Hampshire, 162
New Mexico, 205
Newport, R. I., 163
New Jersey, 156
Nicholson, Dr. A. W., on ozone, 12
Nitrogen, 27
Normal winds of temperate latitudes,
68
North Carolina, 146
November weather review, 279
Ocean climate for consumptives, 92
INDEX.
Ooean atmosphere, electrical state of
98
ourrents, (8
( October weather review, 871
old Poinl Comfort, Ya.. I is
Ohio, 180
Oswald, Dr. F. L., destruction of for-
ests, 100
< fregon, 38 1
mi.- agencies in relation with cli-
tnate, 51
Ozone, 7
carriers, '.)
Dr. A. W. Nicholson on, 12
I >\\ gen, 7
Pacific slope, 382
Pains 'hie to atmospheric changes, 87
Parkee, E. A., on tropical climates, 1
Parks, Colorado. 80S
Peat, influence of, on climate, 52
Permancy of geological agencies, 45
Permanent constituents of the atmo-
sphere, 7
Peroxide of hydrogen, 10
Phthisis, ratio of, U. S. Navy, 91
relative proportions of, in
British army and navy, 92
Pettenkofer, Max von. on ozone, 13
Pindell, Dr. J. T., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 216
Pine-forest drainage, 97
Practical conclusions in regard to cli-
mate and health, 376
Precipitation, monthly and annual
amounts at Signal stations, 133
Precipitation:
July, 252
August, 261
September, 267
October, 272
November, 285
December, 295
January, 302
February, 312
March, 331
April, 329
May, 339
June, 348
Pressure of the atmosphere demon-
strated, 4
Properties of heat. 54
of ozone, 11
Proportional deaths and diseases to
10,000 males living, 372
Proportion of deaths from consumption
to deaths from all causes,
116
of deaths from nervous dis-
eases to deaths from all
causes, 117
Putrefaction, 31
Rainy Days :
July, 253
Rainy Day$:
August. 26
September, 367
October,
November. v.'s.->
December, ."Mi
January, 803
February, 312
March, 832
April, 880
May, 889
June, 849
Rain gauges, elevation of, 138
Ratio of deaths from all causes, per
l.ODU of population in the sev-
eral States. 87 I
of deaths from phthisis, I'. S.
Army, 118
of deaths from phthisis, U. S.
Navy, 91
of deaths from phthisis at mili-
tary posts, 118
of deaths from phthisis to 10.000
living in different States. :;7:i
Red River of the North, Valley of,
33 I
Relation of organic agencies to climate,
51
Relations of ozone to disease, 13
Rhode Island, 162
Refrigeration of the Arctic regions,
how caused, 112
Relative healthfulness of the different
States and Territories, as measured
by the death rates, 375
Richardson, Dr. B. W., observations of,
on atmospheric pressure, 88
Rio Grande, 208
Rocky Mountains, 202
Salubrity of forests, 98
San Francisco, 236
Santa Fe, 205
Schdnbein's discovery, 8
Sea-coast places and ocean air, 89
Sea-air, Dr. Wilson on, 90
Scrofulous diseases benefited by ocean
atmosphere, 92
Seamen, relative exemption of, from
phthisis, 91
Seasons, influence of, 357
September weather review, 265
Sewer gas, 33
Sharp, Dr. R., U. S. A., Observations
of, 198
Shearer, Dr. M. M. U. S. A.. Observa-
tions of, 198
Signal Service Stations in their order of
dryness, 76
Simmons, I. E., Surgeon U.S. A., Ob-
servations of, 148
Sitka. 333
Smart, Dr. Chas., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 31 1
Smith, Dr. Andrew H., on caisson dis-
ease, 85
3S6
INDEX.
Smith, Surgeon A. K., U. S. A., obser-
vations of, 205
Smith, R. Angus, on ammonia, 28
" Soroche," a disease of high altitude,
82
South Carolina, 145
Stability of local conditions of climate,
45
Storer, Dr. H. R., observations of, 163
Storms, direction of, 305
Storms, local:
July, 254
August, 262
September, 269
October, 274
November, 287
December, 297
January, 304
February, 315
March, 323
April, 331
May, 342
June, 352
Stuart, Dr. A. B., observations of, 239
Styer, Dr. Chas., U. S. A., observa-
tions of, 234
Sudden accessions of the amount of
vapor in the atmosphere, effects of,
101
Swamps, ozone over, 18
Tabulated statistics and meteorological
data, 116
Tennessee, 188
Temperature and elevation, 61
modified by forests, 99
monthly and annual
means, 125
Temperature of the air:
July. 252
August, 260
September. 266
October, 272
November. 284
December, 594
January, 301
February, 312
March, 321
April, 329
May, 338
June, 347
Tests for carbonic acid, 38
Tide-water region, Atlantic States, 156
Texas, Northern, 198
Southern, 193
Thermometer, elevation of, above sea-
level, 138
Topography in relation to consump-
tion, 70
climatological in general,
111
Torricelli's experiment, 4
Trade winds, 64
Tropical climates not necessarily un-
healthy, 1
Turner, Medical Director T. J., U. S.
Navy, vital statistics, 91
Typical structure of the American
continent (illustration), 142
Unhealthv winds, 94
Utah, 218
Variable * constituents of the atmo-
sphere, 28
Variations in atmospheric pressure, ef-
fect of, on health, 88
Vegetable accumulations which enter
into the structure of the
earth's crust, 52
mould, nature of, 43
Vickery, Dr. R. S., U. S. A., oberva-
tions of, 208
Vermont, 161
Vital statistics, U. S. Navy, 91
Vollum, Surgeon E. P., U. S. A., ob-
servations of, 218
Virginia, 147
Warm moist climates, 89
Washington Territory, 234
Water sjjouts:
July, 256
August, 263
September, 269
April, 332
May, 342
June, 354
Weather, the, 251
Weber, observations of, 377
Weight of the atmosphere, 4
Western Highlands, 202
What is climatology? 1
White Mountains. 158, 377
Wilson, Dr. J. W., U. S. A., oberva-
tions of, 208
Winds, the, 64,
July, 254
August, 262
September, 268
October, 274
November, 286
December, 297
January, 30^
February, 315
March, 323
April, 331
May, 341
June, 351
Winds, boundaries of, 69
a source of health. 93
when unhealthy, 69, 94
westerly, constancy of, 66
Wisconsin, 169
Wyoming, 214
Zones, 57, 62
PRESS OF 6TETTINER, LAMBERT * CO., 129 *
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