a fund should be established, to be termed "The En-
dowment Fund of the Protestant Episcopal Church in
the Diocese of Illinois." The plan adopted for raising
the money was that of individual five-cent weekly con-
tributions, which was pursued with success for a few
years. In 1869, no money was collected for this
fund, and the committee believed that the plan could
not be successfully prosecuted so long as the bonded
debt existed. The efforts of the diocese were, there-
fore, turned toward the liquidation of the debt; and in
1870, the amount still unpaid on the bonded debt was
only $1,690, and the entire indebtedness amounted to
only $4,805.

In 1S55, two lots were deeded by Cyremus Beers to
Bishop Whitehouse, for the purpose of erecting upon
them a "Bishop's Churcli " and a private residence.



40S



HISTORY OF CHICAGO



These were Lots 2 and 3, in Block 8. Fractional Section
15, Addition to Chicago. On account of certain diffi-
culties, the original intention of erecting a church-edifice
in this locality was never executed. In June, 1S60, an
agreement was made between Bishop Whitehouse and
Cyrenius Beers, according to which the former received
$6,000 for the two lots. This transaction was a discretion-
arv movement for the provision of a " Bishop's Church,"
which object was attained in 1S62, by the purchase of the
property of the Church of the Atonement for $4,000. The
building was enlarged and improved in appearance, until
it became one of the finest specimens of church architec-
ture in the West. In 186S. the following gentlemen were
appointed canons of the Bishop's Church, which had
become the Cathedral : Rev. C. P. Dorset, Rev. J. H.
Knowles and Rev. G. C. Street. During that year a
fine organ, valued at $5,000, was placed in the church.
In 1S69, Rev. G. J. Magill took the place of Canon
Dorset; and in 1870, Rev. Mr. Magill retired, leaving but
two canons. In 1868, the total amount of money contrib-
uted by this Church was $7,575; in 1S69, it was $3,496;
and in 1S70, $3,865. No report was made to the Con-
vention in 1S71.

The trustees of the diocese were incorporated in
1849, and in 1853 the bishop was empowered to hold
property for religious and educational purposes. On
the 2 1 st of February, 1861, an act of the Legislature of
Illinois was approved, by which certain additional
powers were conferred upon the trustees, and duties
were imposed upon them which the Convention thought
would, if assumed and exercised, jeopardise a large
amount of property, by confusing the chain of title, etc.,
and in its operation would wrest from the bishop rights
and immunities which he possessed by virtue of his of-
fice, and of which he could not be deprived by any mere
legislative action. In view of these facts, the act of
1861 was deemed unconstitutional and void; and as its
passage was procured without the knowledge or sanc-
tion of the Convention, the bishop was advised to dis-
regard it, and was assured that in so doing he would be
sustained by the Convention and the diocese. The
bishop and Standing Committee were appointed to
memorialize the Legislature to restore the original pro-
visions of the acts of 1849 and 1853 and to repeal the
act of 1861. In 1865, this committee was obliged to
report to the Convention that all efforts to secure the
desired legislation had proved, abortive, and adhered to
its determination expressed in 1861. In 1866, the State
and diocese maintained the same relations with regard
to this question.

The most important event of the episcopate of
Bishop Whitehouse was the trial of Rev. C. E. Cheney
for violation of the canons, a full account of which
may be found in connection with the history of Chris:
Church.

This account of the Diocese of Illinois may appro-
priately close, in this volume, with a summary of its
progress during the first twenty years of the episcopate
of Bishop Whitehouse. At the time of his election
there were twenty-six clergymen connected with the
diocese. The entire number connected with it, down to
vas two hundred and seventy-one, and there
were ninety-one at that time in connection. Bishop
Whitehouse ordained to the diaconate fifty-five per-
sons, and to the priesthood fifty-four; of the latter,
three had ieen priests of the Roman Catholic Church,
and one of the National Church of Sweden — the Rev.
Jacob Bredberg, of St. Ansgarius' Church. The par-
ishes had increased from forty-nine to one hundred and
eight, in union with the Convention. The humblest



building in existence in the diocese in 1872, was supe-
rior to the best in 1852; and many of them in use, or to
be in use as soon as they could be restored from the de-
struction of the great Chicago fire, were edifices which,
for size and architectural beauty, were equal to any in
the United States. During these twenty years, the
bishop made eleven hundred and fifty-one visitations ;
confirmed nine thousand one hundred and sixty-seven
persons ; officiated at six hundred and ten baptisms,
sixty-three marriages and fifty-five funerals ; delivered
twenty-five hundred sermons and one thousand confirm-
ation addresses; and traveled two hundred and twenty-
ty-five thousand miles. The growth of the Episcopal
Church in the diocese is shown by the simple statement
that, in 1832, the communicants numbered one in six
hundred and sixty-eight of the population, while in
1872, they were as one to four hundred and thirty, and
the membership was as one to one hundred and thirty
of the entire population. Besides the churches the his-
tories of which are appended, four others — Calvary,
Church of Our Saviour, Church of the Epiphany, and
All Saints — were organized only shortly prior to 1871,
and their histories will appear hereafter.

The Church of the Atonement. — The lot re-
ferred to in the first volume of this history, upon which
the society erected a tasteful house of worship in 1854,
was located at the corner of West Washington and
Peoria streets. Rev. Dudley Chase, the first rector of
the parish, resigned his pastorate in December, 1857,
and on Sunday, June 13, 1S58, was succeeded by Rev.
John O. Barton. He found the parish with three hun-
dred members. The interest awakened by the advent
of the new pastor was great, and large additions were
made to the membership. On July 1, 1859, the pew-
rental system was abolished as an experiment. But,
notwithstanding the brightness of the prospect at that
time, the contributions at the offertory proved insuffi-
cient to meet the indebtedness of the Church as it fell
due, and on March 4, 1861, the vestry, seeing no way
out of their financial difficulties except by a sale of the
property, transferred their title and interest in the build-
ing and land to Bishop Whitehouse. On Sunday
following, March 17, Rev. Mr. Barton preached his
farewell discourse, after which the bishop took posses-
sion of the church as his chapel, and thereafter supplied
regular services.

On the istof April, 1861, a meeting of the parish-
ioners was held, and the following officers were elected:
Wardens, William B. Staunton and Watson Carr ; Ves-
trymen, Henry Booth, Merrill Ladd, Edward H. Wil-
liams, B. F. Aldrich, H. H. Shufeldt, D. W. Page, H.
H. Tappen and George P. Lee. This organization was
effected for the purpose of establishing independent
church work as the time should prove propitious ; and
meanwhile, the members, having neither church-build-
ing nor rector, continued, with few exceptions, to wor-
ship in the Bishop's Chapel, as the old Church of the
Atonement was thereafter known.

About the 1st of August, 1865, Rev. S. Russell
Jones, who had been for nearly two years pastor of the
Church of the Ascension, accepted the pastorate of this
Church. A fine lot was procured at the corner of
Throop and Adams streets, and arrangements made for
the purchase of a building. Services were resumed
on Sunday, November 5, in a church on Monroe Street,
between Aberdeen and Rucker streets, and the Sunday-
school re-organized that day. About the 1st of May,
1866, Rev. Mr. Jones purchased a church-edifice of the
Presbyterians, and commenced holding services with-
out the certainty of support from more than three fami-



RELIGIOUS HISTORY.



409



lies; but soon the attendance increased to such an ex-
tent that it became certain that the building would be
too small. This building, in the summer of 1866, was
moved to the rear of lots leased by the congregation for
forty years, on the northeast corner of West Washing-
ton and Robey streets, the intention being to use it for
a parochial school when a new edifice was built. By
the fall of 1S66, the parish had become self-supporting.

About the middle of May, 1868, the church-building
was destroyed by fire, incurring a loss of $4,000, with
insurance of $3,000, which sum was absorbed in paying
the remaining debts. This was a great calamity for
both pastor and people. They were, however, full of
hope, and at once set about re-building, and by the fol-
lowing fall had their new chuich ready for occupancy.
During 1869, the general prosperity of the parish was
quite satisfactory. At Easter, the pews, which had
previously been rented as an experiment, were made
free ; and under this system, which was thought to be
the true one, the congregation rapidly increased. But a
difference of opinion arose between the Church and
the rector, and he tendered his resignation, to take effect
July 1. Rev. Oscar B. Thayer then became the rector,
preaching his first sermon on August 8, 1869. He re-
signed in the fall of 1870, and was succeeded by Rev.
Henry C. Kinney, who preached his first sermon De-
cember 4, 1870, and whose pastorate lasted until De-
cember, 1873.

Right Rev. Henry John Whitehouse, Doctor of Divinity
of Oxford University, Doctor of Civil Law of Cambridge
University, and Doctor of Laws of Columbia College, New
York, was born August ig, 1803, of English parents, in Park
Place, New York City. He entered Columbia College, New York,
in 1817, and graduated with honor in 1S21. He entered the Gen-
eral Theological Seminary at once, and completed the course in
1824. He was ordained deacon by Bishop Croes of New York,
and in 1S27 was admitted to the priesthood by Bishop White of
Pennsylvania, in which diocese he was rector of Christ Church,
Reading, from 1S24 to 1S27. In the latter year he became rector
of St. Luke's Church, Rochester, which became under his minis-
trations the largest and most prosperous parish in Western New
York. There he remained fifteen years, when he accepted the rec-
torship of St. Thomas' Church, New York City. During his pas-
torate this church-edifice was destroyed by fire, but' through his
exertions it was re-built on the same site. In 1851, he was elected
assistant bishop of Illinois, and was consecrated November 20,
1851, at St. George's Church, Stuyvesant Square, N. Y. On Sep-
tember 20, 1S52. Right Rev. Philander Chase. D. D., died, and
Bishop Whitehouse became second bishop of Illinois, and per-
formed the duties of that position with untiring zeal and fidelity
until his death, which occurred in Chicago, August 10, 1S74. The
funeral services in the Cathedral were most impressive, and a me-
morial sermon was, on September 15, 1874, delivered before the
Diocesan Convention by the Rev. Clinton Locke, D.D. The bishop
left six surviving children. Bishop Whitehouse was a laborious
worker, and during his entire ministry allowed himself no respite
from toil in his Master's services. He was an accomplished scholar,
versed in Greek, Latin and Hebrew, and conversant with French,
German and Italian. He had very considerable skill as a poet,
musician and painter, and was, besides, well versed in medical and
other sciences. He had studied standard legal works, and in
canon law and ecclesiastical ; ^risprudence had certainly no equal
in America. He was a ready and finished speaker and logician, an
eloquent reader, and a powerful pulpit orator. Especially as an
extemporaneous speaker did he attract, his written discourses being




of Illinois, bv whom the opening sermon was delivered in 1867
in the Chapel of Lambeth Palace. Oxford ami Cambridge Uni-
versities conferred degrees upon him ; in Russia and Sweden he
met with cordial welcome from the Patriarchs and Bishops, and in
America he was the first Bishop to recognize Swedish order-, and
inter-communion and receive a Swedish priest into the American
Church. The great work of Bishop Whitehouse was the founda-
tion of the Cathedral system in the United States. Holding that
a bishop was incomplete without his Cathedral Church he founded,
amid great opposition and prejudice, a Cathedral Church in ( Chicago,
which grew in size and beauty and extended influence. The Cath-
edral of Saints Peter and Paul thus became the pioneer fruit of
this great idea, which has now culminated in the many Cathedrals
established in this country, and which ensure the perpetual reten-
tion of the system. Bishop Whitehouse was what would be termed
an Evangelical High Churchman. With defined ideas of the
powers inherent in his great office, and which he derived by Apos-
tolic Succession, he was yei exceedingly tolerant of all grades of
churchmanship. As the overseer of his vast diocese, then con-
terminous with the State, which imposed great personal labor in
visiting its distant parishes every year, he was strenuous that there
should be no willful and persistent violation of the canons, which
ha and his clergy had alike vowed to obey. He accordingly
brought to trial and deposed Rev. Charles E. Cheney, as will be
perceived in the narrative of that event. In person, Bishop White-
house was of middle height but singularly erect, of commanding
presence, and with a voice of great compass and power. He left
large volumes of unpublished notes and valuable papers, which he
had declined to commit to print, although they were of great value
to all students of theology.

St. James' Church. — The history of this Church,
which was the first Episcopal Church organized in Chi-
cago, was given in the preceding volume to the time of
the abandonment of the old building on the corner of




exceedingly profound. A careful and critical student of Bible
exegesis, he was " mighty in the Scriptures," and thus was at all
times ready with a deep spiritual insight, which made his addresses
to the clergy of exceeding value. His attainments caused him to
be consulted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, by whom the Pan -
Anglican Synod was summoned, after conference with the Bishop



ST. JAMES CHURCH.

Cass and Illinois streets. The last sermon in the old
edifice was preached on December 27, 1857, by Rev.
Robert H. Clarkson ; and in, the evening of the same
day, the first sermon in the new building, on the south-
east corner of Cass and Huron streets, was delivered
by Rev. Dr. Littlejohn, afterward Bishop of Long Is-
land. The new edifice was a handsome edifice of
Athens stone. When taken possession of, as above
narrated, there was a bonded debt of $30,000, bearing
twelve per cent, interest, and a floating debt of $15,000.
After a few years, the latter was paid, but the bonded
debt continued a heavy burden, and there was
danger of a foreclosure of the mortgage. On Easter
Sunday, March 27, 1864, the pewholders were assessed



4io



HISTORY OF CHICAGO.



pro rata, for the amount to be raised. Every one
assessed nobly responded, and the property was freed
from incumbrance.

The church was consecrated on May 19 by Bishop
Whitehouse. assisted by Bishops McKoskry and
Kemper, of Michigan and Wisconsin, the sermon being
delivered by Rev. Dr. Littlejohn. At that time the
church had become one of the strongest in the Episco-
pal communion. Rev. Robert H. Clarlcson remained
rector until April, 1866. On the 15th of November,
1S65, he was consecrated Missionary Bishop of Ne-
braska and Dakota. After Bishop Clarkson's depart-
ure. Rev. Edward C. Porter took temporary charge of
the parish.

At Easter, 1867, Rev. Dr. Rylance assumed the rec-
torship, and in the following year the congregation en-
tered UDon the task of finishing the church-edifice. It
was resolved to place a tower on the northwest corner
of the building, and to carry a massive stone facade to
the street line, forming a spacious vestibule, and over it
a commodious chapel for Sunday - school purposes.
For these improvements the parishioners contributed, in
response to the first appeal, $22,642. More than this
amount being expended the first season, a second ap-
peal secured $20,000. A third effort raised about
$15,000 more; and still the exterior was not completed,
while nothing had been done to the interior, or towards
providing accommodation for the school and the other
work of the Church, there being still a debt for the
work already finished. Building operations therefore
ceased ; and though a strong effort was made to raise
$40,000 on the bonds of the Church, only $17,000 of
this amount could be placed. The wardens and vestry
met at the house of Julian S. Rumsey in the spring of
1870, and the first resolution they passed was that they
would not adjourn or leave the room until all the bonds
were placed, or agreed to be placed. The object of
the meeting was accomplished forthwith by the officials
assembled. Work upon the church was resumed, and




l-'**i»..,.> T< -a-,„ -\2s& -

kUIN^, ST. JAMES' CHURCH.

on Christmas eve. 1870, the congregation assembled in
the church to celebrate its completion. The chapel
had been finished in the spring and the large basement
early in the fall, and these were used for services and
school purposes while the interior was undergoing re-



pairs. The improvements made during Dr. Rylance's
administration cost over $100,000, which, added to the
original value of the church and lot, swelled its cost to
nearly $200,000.

Rev. Dr. Rylance retired from the parish in Jan-
uary, 187 1, and early in the summer Rev. Hugh Miller
Thompson, D.D., succeeded to the rectorship. The
beautiful church-edifice was destroyed by the great fire
of 1871. The tower, however, remained standing, and
almost intact.

Many of the young men of this parish entered the
Union army during the Civil War. Rev. Dr. Clarkson
made the promise from the pulpit that should any of
them fall honorably in defense of their country, their
names should be inscribed on a memorial tablet placed
within the walls of the church. After the war, the ves-
try desired that this tablet, or soldiers' monument,
should form a portion of the finish of the interior of the
vestibule, and the erection of the monument was placed
in the hands of E. B. McCagg and E. H. Sheldon, who
employed Vaux, Withers & Olmstead, architects of
New York City, to furnish a design for it. The cost of
the monument was $5,500. Of this amount, Hon. Mark
Skinner, David J. Ely and Mrs. Thomas Dyer con-
tributed $400, Mr. McCagg and Mr. Sheldon, $3,400,
and $1,700 was appropriated from the tower fund. The
monument was erected at the north end of the vesti-
bule, and inscribed upon it are the following names :

Lucius Sherman Larrabee, killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863;
Edward Hanson Russell, killed at Shiloh. April 6, 1862; William
D'Wolf, killed at Williamsburg, June 3, 1S62; John Harris Kinzie,
killed at Fort St. Charles, Ark., June iS, 1862; Thomas Orchard,
died at New Albany Hospital, December 15, 1S62; Frank M.
Frome, died at LaGrange Hospital, December 2j, 1862; Richard
Skinner, killed at Petersburg, June 24, 1864; Peter Preston Wood,
died December 13, 1S65; Louis DeKoven Hubbard, died of con-
sumption April 15, 1866; and Charles H. Hosmer, died January
I, 1867.

Grace Church. — The sketch of this Church in the
first volume closes with a reference to a new edifice to
be erected upon a lot secured in 1857, at the northwest
corner of Wabash Avenue and Peck Court. For vari-
ous reasons it was deemed advisable to abandon the
building project, and, instead, the old edifice was moved
to the new location, and enlarged.

Rev John W. Clark remained rector until in June,
1859, when, after a successful pastorate of three years,
he resigned, to accept a call from Calvary Church, at St.
Louis. Rev. DeWitt Clinton Locke, of Joliet, preached
his first sermon on Sunday following, August 7. Chicago
is noted for long pastorates, and but few of them are
more remarkable for length than that of Rev. Mr.
Locke, who at the present writing (1885) still remains
rector of this Church. In 1867, the demands for a
larger building became imperative, and it was decided
to carry out the design inaugurated eleven years before.
A lot was purchased on Wabash Avenue, a short dis-
tance sotith of Fourteenth Street, upon which the new
structure was erected. It was built in the style of arch-
itecture prevalent in the thirteenth century, the walls
being of Athens stone, and the exterior ornaments of
Iowa marble. The cost of the lot was $25,000, of the
church itself $100,000, and of the furniture $25,000.
The edifice was dedicated on Easter Sunday, March 28,
1869. The old church, on Wabash Avenue and Peck
Court, was sold to a Jewish congregation — Kehilath
Anshe Maarab.

In the summer of 1870, Rev. Clinton Locke on ac-
count of ill health was granted leave of absence and
made the tour of Europe, his pulpit meanwhile being
filled by Rev. Professor Pitts, Rev. Drs. DeKoven,



RELIGIOUS HISTORY.



Ashley and Schuyler, and the bishops of Georgia and
Wisconsin.

St. John's Church. — In 1858, this Church, which
had been organized February 22, 1856, owed but $200.
In the latter part of the year a movement was set on
foot for the erection of a new edifice, the ladies holding
a festival at which they realized $300 toward that pur-
pose. The Church owned a valuable property, was in




GRACE CHURCH.

a sound financial condition, and worked harmoniously.
In t86i, a fine organ was purchased. In 1862, the
Church celebrated the sixth anniversary of its organi-
zation, at which time it was shown that more than three
hundred had been added to the membership, over five
hundred members were on the rolls, and during the
six years more than $26,000 had been raised. In 1863,
two hundred and fifty sittings were added, at a cost of
$3,500, and in 1865, the sittings were increased by two
hundred. The year 1866 was remarkable for its addi-
tions to the membership, about fifty being added, thirty
of whom were from the teachers and pupils of the Sun-
day-school. In the latter part of June, 1868, Rev. Mr.
Bishop received a call from St. John's Episcopal Church,
Cincinnati, and tendered his resignation, which the ves-
try accepted with much reluctance.

The vestry extended a call to Rev. Horatio N. Pow-
ers, D.D., late the president of Griswold College, Daven-
port, Iowa. The call was accepted, and the new pastor
commenced his labors on Sunday, November 1, 1868.
During that year, the Church finished paying for a lot
fronting on Union Park, on which to erect a permanent
edifice. On September 15, 1870, ground was broken for
a stone building on the northwest corner of Ashland
and Ogden avenues. The edifice was intended to cost
$100,000, to be of Athens marble, of the Gothic style of
architecture, and surmounted by a tall spire. The fur-
nishing of the interior was to cost $50,000. The work,
though delayed by the losses sustained by the parish-
ioners in the fire of 1871, was finally accomplished, ex-
cept the erection of the spire.

Church of the Holy Communion. — Previous to
the settlement of Rev. Henry B. Whipple as rector of
this Church, various clergymen preached for the organi-
zation, in different places obtained for the purpose.
Their first place of meeting was at the Metropolitan
Hall. The old St. James' Church building was also
used, as was the hall in Garrett Block, at the corner of



State and Randolph streets. The distinguishing feature
of the policy of this Church was that it depended for its
support entirely upon the voluntary contributions of
those interested in the free church cause. With no rich
men among them, the contributions were surprisingly
large at first. The great need was a house of worship
of their own. A lot was leased by the vestry on the
southeast corner of Wabash Avenue and Randolph
Street, upon which a frame building was erected. On
the 6th of February, 1859, it was ready for occupancy.
It was a neat Gothic frame-structure, capable of seating-
five hundred people, and was dedicated February 6, by
Bishop Kemper, of Iowa.

About this time, the rector, Rev. Henry B. Whipple,
was made a Doctor of Divinity by Racine College, and