May H. 1864
July 8, 1864
November 17, 1864..
July 11. 1865
July 11. 1865
December 5, 1865...
December 5, 1865.. .
December 3. 1863...
December 3. 1863. .
March 13, 1865
May 10, 1865
February 19. 1864 .
June 29. 1865
February 18. 1864..
June 29. 1865
January 26. 1864....
December 10, 1864..
Cashiered Nov. 14, 1863..
Mustered out Aug.19, 1865
On detached service as
captain at muster-out of
regiment
Resigned October 24. 1865
Mustered out Dec. 15. 1865
Mustered out Dec. 5, 1865
Appointed commissary of
subsistence, April 23, 1864
Li-signed June 12. 1865...
Resigned October 2, 1865
Mustered out Dec. 15, 1865
Mustered out as commis-
sary sergeant. Dec.15.1865
Resig 1 Nov. 17, 1864...
Resigned October 1 , 1864
Mustered out Dec. 22, 1865
Mustered out Dec. 22, 1865
Mustered out Dec. 20, 1865
Died May 6. 1864.
TABLE C. ARTILLERY.
R : i lik and Line
of
Promotion.
Date of Commission.
REMARKS.
Joseph D. Webster —
Ezra Taylor
Allen C. Waterhouse . .
Charles M. Willard....
Samuel E. Barrett
Lyman Bridges
Edmund Andrews. ..
Peter P. Wood
John W. Rumsey
George McCagg
Frederick W. Young .
Hoxie L. Huffman
William M. Pratt
Edward P. Wilcox....
Han is.-n Roberta
Enoch Colby
James B. Dutch
Spencer s. Kimball...
Israel P. Rumsey —
Levi W. Hart
IlUOdOre P. Roberts .
Timothy M. Blaisdell.
William W. Lowrle...
Patrick 11. White
William .1
Lyman A. White.
Franklin geborn
Clark v.. Dodge
I 19th*
Colonel
Captain
Major
Colonet
Captain
Major
Lieutenant-Colonel
Captain
Major
\ 1st Lieutenant
'( Captain
Major
\ 1st Lieutenant
{Captain
Captain
Major
Surgeon
. 1st Lieutenant
\ Sen. 1st Lieutenant .
I Captain
1 2d Lieutenant
: Sen. 2d Lieutenant
I Jun. 1st Lieutenant
I Sen. 1st Lieutenant
( 2d Lieuteuant
{ Sen. 2d Lieutenant
( Jun. 1st Lieutenant
j 2d Lieutenant
( Sen. 2d Lieutenant.
2d Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
\ 1st Lieutenant
) Captain
1st Lieutenant
I 2d Lieutenant
) 1st Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
: 2d Lieutenant.
' Sen. 2d Lieutenant
'Captain
\ 1st Lieutenant
1 Sen. 1st Lieutenant
Captaii
i 2d Lieutenant
* Sen. 1st Lieutenant
. ] at Lieutenant
1 Sen. 1st Lieutenant
, 2d Lieutenant
1 1st Lieutenant
. 2d Lieutenant
' .Inn. 1st Lieutenant
. 2d Lieutenant
. Ben. 2d Lieutenant.
. 2d Lieutenant
1st Lieutenant
' Captain
( lrtLleutenan".*"!
M Lieutenant.. ..
/ Sen. 1st Lieutenant
February 1. 1862....
May 15, 1861
October 23, 1861 ....
Mac 6, 1863
December 19, 1861..
May6 1863
November 2. 1864 . .
September 27. 1861.
March 1. 1862
May 15.1861..
October 23, 1861....
February 25. 1863 -
July 30. 1861.
January 1, 1862
January 1, 1862 ....
December 21. 1864..
April 3, 1862
September 27. 1861 .
March 1, 1862
May 24, 1862 . ...
September 27. 1861..
February 3. 1862....
March 1, 1862
May24, 1862
February 3. 1862...
March 1. 1862
May24. 1862
March 1, 1862
May 24, 1862
May 24, 1862
January 17, 1863....
July 23. 1864
April 29. 1865
July 23. 1864
July 23, 1864..
April 29, 1865
July 23. 1864
April 29, 1865
May 15. 1861
October S3, 1861 ....
February 25. 1863..
May 15, 1861
October 23. 1861 ...
February 22. 1863..
March 1, 1862
February 22. 1863...
February 24. 1863. .
August 20. 1863 ...
February 25. 1863 ..
August 20. 1863
)ber20. 1863..
t2, 1864
t2. 1864
ber21. 1864..
Resigned May 6, 1863.
Resigned Aug. 20, 1864.-
( Honorably discharged
August 23. 1865. Brevet
(colonel May 30, 1865
Resigned January 16,1863
Resigned Feb. 13, 1864.
Mustered out as captai
declined commission
lajor. Term expired
Resigned Jan. 18, 1863...
Term expired July 23,
expired July 23,
expired July 23,
Resigned January 17.1873
t Term expired July
11884
Mustered out July 1U.1K65
Mustered out July 10. 1865
Mustered out July 10.1865
Term expired July 23
Resigned August 20. 1863
S Term expired July 23
1864.
I't oinoteil captain of Mer-
cantile Battery
Term expired July 23
Mustered out July 6, 1865.
Mustered out July 6, 1865
Mustered into service as first
lieutenant 19th Regiment Illinois
Volunteer Infantry.
Died July 5. 1864.
, Enlisted as sergeant of Co. G. 19th
1 Infantry. Transferred 10 Bridge's
/ Battery.
\5~
( ferred to Bridge's Battery.
•Infantry. 'Formerly Bridge's Battery. (Consolidated,
MILITARY HISTORY.
Table C. Artillery. — Continued.
299
Bank and Line
Date of Connnissiu
REMARKS.
Lawman C. Lawrence..
Alphouso W. Potter...
Henry A. Rodgers
Uzziel P. Smith
William Chaudler
Lewis B. Mitchell
Morris D. Temple
Edward Bouton.
Albert Cudney...
John H.Colvin.
Bela H. Flusky
William H. Boltou.
Charles J. Stalbrand..
Horatio N. Towner.
Frederick Sparrestrom .
Erastus A. Nichols
ThaddeusC. Hulaniski
Edward A. James
Simon P. Tracy
Charles H. Felton
George C. Wise
Orlando S. Wood....
James Cunningham
John C. Phillips
Edward G. Hillier...
George W Keed
W. C. G. L. Stevenson...
James S. Stokes
George I. Robinson
Albert F.Baxter
bylvanus H. Stevens
Trumbull D. Griffin
Henry Bennett
Lewis B. Hand
Abbott L. Adams
Menzo H. Salisbury
CharlesG. Cooley
Patrick H. White
Frank C. Wilson
James H. Swan
George Throop
Pickney S. Cone
Henry Roe
David R. Crego..
. Win 1
C. B.
C. B.
C. B.
C. B.
C. B.
C.B.
C. M.
C. M.
CM.
C. M.
C. M
C. M
Florua D. Meacham CM.
James C Sinclair C. M.
O. T.t
O. T.t
O. T.{
(J. T.t
O.l.t
(>. T.t
O. T.t
O. T.t
O. T.t
2d Lieutenant
,)uii. 1st Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
1st Lieutenant
Captain
2d Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
1st Lieutenant
Sen. 1st Lieutenant.
1st Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
1st Lieutenant
Sen. 1st Lieutenant..
Captain
1st Lieutenant
Sen. 1st Lieutenant..
( Captain
1st Lieutenant.
2d Lieutenant
\ 2d Lieutenant.
1 1st Lieutenant.
Captain
* Major
Major
Major
1st Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
* 2d Lieutenant
( 1st Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant .
1st Lieutenant
s 1st Lieutenant
t Captain
v 2d Lieutenant
â– ] 1st Lieutenant
t Captain
. 2d Lieutenant.
Seu. 1st Lieutenant.
(Captain
1st Lieutenant
( 2d Lieutenant
'( Jun. 1st Lieutenant
(2d Lieutenant
(Jun. 1st Lieutenant
\ 2d Lieutenant.
( Sen. 1st Lieutenant.
2d Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
Captain
1st Lieutenant
( 1st Lieutenant.
(Sen. 1st Lieutenant..
\ 2d Lieutenant
1 Jun. 1st Lieutenant.
Captain
\ 1st Lieutenant
t Captain
1st Lieutenant
1st Lieutenant
( 2d Lieutenant
'( Sen. 1st Lieutenant.
2d Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant..
2d Lieutenant..
1st Lieutenant..
Jun. 1st Lieutenant.
2d Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant
December 21. 1864.
February 1. 1862...
May 5. 1862
wigust 16, 1861....
December 19, 1861.
February 25. 1863
May 6. 1863
•bruary 1. 1862....
January 1, 1862
July 1, 1863
September 30. 1863 .
February 10. 1862...
February 1, 1862....
May 5. 1862
June 16. 1863
February 2S, 1S64. ..
May 5. 1865
September 23. 1862 ..
October 10. 1863
February 28. 1862.
September 21, 1864..
July 24, 1865
October 4, 1861
December 31, 1861...
January 30. 1862
April 28. 1862
February 22. 1862.
March 1. 1862
December 29. 1863 ..
Augusts. 1861
March 28. 1862
September 16. 1861...
December 31. 1861...
February 1. 1864
May 28. 1864
March 28. 1865
March 5. 1864
March 13. 1865
June 12. 1865
February 1. 1862
February 28, 1862...
November 2, 1862...
May 28. 1864
March 28. 1865
May 19. 1865
June 12, 1865
September 8, 1862 .
June 12. 1865
June 6, 18b2
June 6, 1862
June 6 1862
November 19, 1862..
June 6. 1862
November 19, 1862..
July 31, 1862
July31, 1862
August 22. 1864
July 31, 1862 .
iber IS, 1S62 .
July 31, 1862
August 22, 1864
July 31, 1862
August 22, 1864
June 22, 1865
June 22. 1865
August 29, 1862.
February 24. 1863. .
August 29 1862
August 29 1862
February 6, 1863....
February 22, 1863 .
February 22, 1863 . .
April 8, 1864
August 29. 1862
August 29, 1862
February 6. 1863...
April 8, 1864
April 8. 1864
Mustered out July 6, 1865
Mustered out July 6, 1865
Resigned March 4, 186:
(Term expired Decembei
1 29. 1864
Resigned April 14. 1865
Termexpired Aug. 2. ISI',1
Promoted colonel 2d Ten-
( nessee (Colored) Regt
ilisted as private In Co. G, 19th
. fantry. Transferred to Bridges'*
I Battery.
Killed May 29, 1863.
Mustered into service as 2d lieu-
tenant, 19th Regiment. Infantry,
Co. G.
Resigned Feb. 10. 1864....
Honorably discharged as
1 captain of new eouipain
] iColvin's Battery) Juni
I 11. 1865 : .
Mnsleredout July24,lS6:
Promoted brigadier-gen
eral. .
t, Feb
\ Promoted colonel of ?2d
i Infantry
Dropped from roll
1 Honorably discharged
senior 2d lf - ">— »• ■>
( 22. 1865.
Resigned Feb. 25. 1862...
Resigned Jan. 23. 1863...
Resigned August 22, 1864
Resigned June 3, 1865 .
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1865
Resigned May 23, 1865
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1865
Mustered out
Mustered out Aug. 9. 1865
Mustered out Apr. 1 1,186 1
( Honorably discharged
J Nov. 19, 1862
Must'd out April 11. 1864
Mustered out June 30.1865
Mustered out June 30 186.'
Resigned Feb. 18. 1865...
Resigned Feb. 18. 1865....
^ Mnsleredout as sergeant
30. 1865.
, Mustered out as sergeant
.June 30. 1865
Kesig 1 Feb. 24. 1363...
Mnsleredout ,lul\ 1II.1S65
Resigned Feb. 22, 1863.
Resigned Feb. 6. 1863..
Mustered out July 10,1865
Mustered out July 10.1865
Resigned Feb. 6. 1863.
Resigned Feb. 22, 1863
Assigned to Co. C. by order of
Died November 2. 1862.
Died September 9, 1863.
ilnds. April 8. 18
Killed in battle. April 8, 1864.
"Bridges's Battery.
tNew Company (Colv
tChicago Board of Trade Battery.
SChicago Mercantile Battery.
__ ^_
MILITARY HISTORY.
301
CAMP DOUGLAS.
In the latter part of the summer of 1861, the coun-
ties of Cook, Lake, McHenry, Bonne, Winnebago,
Stephenson, Jo Davies, Carroll, Ogle, DeKalb, DuPage,
Will, Kendall, LaSalle, Lee, Bureau, Whiteside, Rock
Island, Henry, Grundy, Kankakee, Putnam, Iroquois,
and Livingston were designated by Governor Yates to
constitute a new military district, known as the Northern
Military District of Illinois. By the same order, a mili-
tary camp for the new district was located at Chicago,
to be used for the rendezvous and instruction of volun-
teers — all the affairs of the camp, organization of regi-
ments, etc., to be under the general supervision of the
Governor, as at Camp Butler, at Springfield. Colonel
Joseph H. Tucker, of Chicago, was appointed com-
mandant of district and camp ; Milton H. Higgins, of
the same city, was appointed adjutant ; subsistence of
troops was placed in charge of Colonel William Webb,
U. S. A. ; and Harry M. Spaulding, of Rockford, was
appointed quartermaster.
After a careful canvass of competing claims and
localities, Adjutant-General Fuller decided, in Septem-
ber, 1861, that the camp should be located east of what
was known as the old " United States Fair Grounds,"
on land belonging to the Douglas estate, situated on the
west side of Cottage Grove Avenue, and just north of
the Chicago University grounds. In 1878, after much
painstaking labor, Hon. W'illiam Bross determined the
exact boundaries of the camp, as shown upon the fol-
lowing plat :
Thirty Kh'm ~ sti.-et
— n
Li
street
,.
\ \ \
-J -
Thirty Gerund street r-
i I
! 1
15
1°
fl
Thirty^secona
'Thirty Third
I , 1
1 I.
I I
I !
*
1
I 1 ! 1 1 - 1
I gfomgreti Broaj, Eii'ir'*, Cfticiiyo.|
PLAN OF CAMP DOUGLAS.
None of the streets were laid out at the time the
camp was located, all was wide, open prairie in that
region, the University building being about eighteen or
twenty rods south of the camp- fence, and overlooking
the entire grounds, which contained about sixty acres.
The residence of Henry Graves was the only house on
the site. When Camp Douglas was established, there
were several Illinois regiments in the city, quartered at
different local camps. Of these, the 39th Infantry
(Yates Phalanx), Colonel Austin Light ; 55th Infantry,
(Second Regiment of the Douglas Brigade\ Colonel
Oscar Malmborg ; Mechanics' Fusileers, Colonel Wil-
son ; 51st Infantry Chicago Legion), Colonel Gilbert
W. Gumming; 9th Illinois Cavalry, Colonel Albert G.
Brackett, were immediately concentrated at the new
camp, and their quarters established there, practically,
at the same time. The camp of Brackett's cavalry was
within the limits of the new camp prior to its estab-
lishment, and the 42d ami other regiments had been
encamped in the vicinity.
Colonel Tucker proposed a system of drainage im-
mediately on assuming command, which, had it been
adopted, would have averted much of the sickness so
prevalent afterward. For this neglect of sanitary pre -
cautions a fearful penalty was paid. Soon after the
camp was located, the original design of making it a
State camp of instruction was abandoned, and it was
made, instead, a United States military camp. Colonel
Tucker constructed the barracks as ordered, the ex-
penses being assumed by Captain John Christopher,
who succeeded Colonel William Webb as United States
mustering officer at Chicago.
The camp was used for Illinois volunteers until
after the battle of Fort Donelson, in February, 1862;
when, by command of General Halleck, Colonel Tucker
prepared it for the reception of prisoners taken in that
engagement and at Island No. 10. The regiments in
camp at its establishment, and also the 45th, 55th, 57th,
and 58th, organized later, had all been ordered to the
field by February 11, 1862, leaving the camp nearly
vacant.' As constructed by Colonel Tucker, the bar-
racks were intended to accommodate about eight thou-
sand troops, with mess-halls and quarters
for field, staff and company officers.
Stabling was prepared for two thousand
horses, and the necessary quarters for
hospital, quartermaster and commissary
departments. After the battle of Fort
Donelson, between eight and nine thou-
sand Confederate soldiers arrived, and
were placed in these barracks. Affairs
had not, at that early period, been suffi-
ciently systematized to enable the author-
ities at once to adapt themselves to the
new condition of things. A camp of sick,
ragged, wretched prisoners was a very
different affair from one of vigorous re-
cruits. Public sympathy was awakened
and, soon after their arrival, a meeting
was held in Bryan Hall, of which Rev.
E. B. Tuttle was chairman and T. B.
Bryan was treasurer, where liberal contri-
butions were made for the benefit of the
prisoners. Collections were taken in the
churches, and medicines were sent to the
camp by the wagon-load. A " Relief Com-
mittee of Citizens " was organized, and
apothecaries were employed to aid Dr.
William D. Winer, the post - surgeon.
Early in March, 1862, Colonel Tucker
was ordered by General Halleck to Springfield, and
Colonel James A. Mulligan was placed in command
at Camp Douglas, with orders to reorganize there
the 23d Infantry (Irish Brigade'. He remained in
charge until June, when he departed with his regi-
ment for the field. In the meantime, several one-
hundred - day regiments had been raised for guard
duty, that the three-year troops might leave for the
front. Of the former the 67th and 69th were organized at
Camp Douglas, in June, 1862; Colonel Tucker being
again made post commandant. During that summer
3°2
HISTORY OF CHICAGO.
and fall about eight thousand paroled Federal troops,
captured at Harper's Ferry and other places, arrived.
General Tyler was placed in charge of this class on the
last day of September, while Colonel Tucker remained
in command of the Illinois volunteers and the prisoners
of war.
The rule of General Tyler was exceedingly unpop-
ular; and the paroled men, not knowing exactly how
far they were amenable to military discipline under
these new conditions, became almost ungovernable —
their dissatisfaction culminating in attempts to burn
the barracks and to escape. With the termination of
General Tyler's rule, came the end of all mutinous
efforts of this kind. Colonel Daniel Cameron, of the
65th Illinois, had charge of the paroled troops for some
time after General Tyler's departure.
During the summer of 1862, quarters became over-
crowded at the camp. Prisoners of war, paroled Federal
soldiers, two three-months regiments (the 67th and 69th
Illinois), which remained as guard until discharged,
more than filled the original barracks; and as the Board
of-Trade regiments, and Board-of-Trade and Mercantile
batteries were organized in July, August and Septem-
ber, they were obliged to encamp on the prairie in the
vicinity. So also, did the 89th, the 90th, and others,
organized a little later. Temporary barracks were built
on the old United States Fair Grounds, immediately
west of the camp proper, for the use of a portion of the
paroled troops. These were occupied by the 9th Ver-
mont and the 127th New York, through the winter of
1862-63. The Federal regiments and batteries were all
ordered to the field during the fall and winter of 1862,
and on Tanuary 1, 1863, Colonel Tucker resigned, and
Brigadier-General Ammon was assigned to the com-
mand of the camp. Almost simultaneously with the
departure of the last Union troops, came a large assign-
ment of Confederate prisoners, among whom were many
of Morgan's and Hood's famous troopers. They were
provided with good and abundant rations and skilled
medical attendance; but the sudden change of climate
in a most inclement season, and the defective sanitary
arrangements, wrought a fatal work. Pneumonia and
camp-fever carried off many victims, the deaths among
the prisoners averaging about six a day. They were
buried at the old cemetery on the lake shore,* about six
miles from camp. By March or April, 1863, all the
Confederate prisoners had been removed, except a few
too ill to leave ; most of the paroled troops had been
discharged, and with their departure the camp was again
nearly emptied, only the 9th Vermont and Cos. " F " and
" H " of the 65th regiment paroled troops) remaining.
It has been estimated that about thirty thousand
troops had been recruited, drilled and equipped at Camp
Douglas, up to 1863. Prior to its establishment, the
19th Infantry had encamped and been mustered into
sen-ice at Camp Long, Cottage Grove, the 23d at
"Fontenoy Barracks" Kane's Brewery), the 24th at
Camp Robert lilum, Cottage Grove, the 37th at Wright's
Grove, North Side, the 44th at Camp Ellsworth, and
the Sturges Rifles at their camp, also on Cottage Grove
Avenue. Several regiments, as before stated, were con-
centrated at the new camp, immediately on its organiza-
tion, but the 42(1 Illinois, was the first infantry regiment
mustered into service there, September 17, 1861. Suc-
ceeding this, were the 9th Cavalry Brackett's, the first
Cavalry regiment), ( >< tober 26, 1861 ; Waterhouse's ("E,"
1st Illinois Light Artillery, the first battery,, December
19, 1861.
• In the po**c*»i''n of thi I n i< .»] Society is a complete list of the
Confederates who died at Camp Jjouglas.
The following are the Illinois military organizations
mustered into service at Camp Douglas, given in the
order of their muster : 42d Infantry, 9th Cavalry, 55th,
39th, 45th and 51st Infantry, Waterhouse's battery, the
57th and 58th Infantry (all mustered-in before the close
of 1S61). Bouton's, Bolton's and Silversparre's bat-
teries, 23d Infantry (reorganized), Rourke's battery,
1 2th Cavalry, 13th Cavalry, Phillips's battery, 65th, 67th,
69th, 71st and 7 2d Infantry, Board-of-Trade Battery,
88th and 89th Infantry, Mercantile and Cogswell's
batteries, 90th, 93d, 105th, 113th, 126th and 127th
Infantry. The 126th, the last to leave the camp, de-
parted for the field November 21, 1862.
Besides serving as a rendezvous and camp of in-
struction for these Illinois troops. Camp Douglas, had,
as related, served as a military prison for about
seventeen thousand Confederate prisoners, and fur-
nished barracks for nearly eight thousand paroled
Federal troops. In the summer of 1863, Brigadier-
General Ammon was assigned to duty at Springfield,
and Colonel C. V. DeLand of the 1st Michigan Sharp-
shooters, whose regiment had been recently quartered
at the camp, succeeded him as post commandant, and
proved a most popular and efficient officer. At about
the commencement of his administration, the camp was
again filled with Confederate prisoners. These he set
to work on the premises. A fence was built around the
entire camp, and, before the close of the year, pipes and
sewers were laid, many new buildings erected, hospital
accommodations increased, and various other improve-
ments made. The fence was about twelve feet high,
with a narrow platform, some four feet from the top, for
the use of the sentries. During the year, the long
line of barracks on the north of the camp was destroyed
by fire, and new barracks for nine hundred men erected.
Dr. Arvin F. Whelan of the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters
served as post surgeon, and it was under his direct
supervision that the hospitals were improved during
that year.
It was in the latter part of 1863 (November) that
the "gophers" engaged in their extensive operations.
This name was applied to the Confederate prisoners
who attempted to escape by burrowing out. Their
method of procedure was to remove the boards of the
floor in their barracks, dig down a few feet, and burrow
along under the fence until they reached the outside.
Generally ten or twenty shared the secret. When the
tunnel was completed, a number would crawl in, and
when the first reached the outer extremity he would
raise his head, gopher-like, and watch for the sentinel.
As soon as the sentinel passed the spot, the first would
crawl out and run, then another and another would
follow, until the guard again appeared. During Novem-
ber, 1863, some seventy prisoners made their escape in
this way— the tunnel through which they crawled was
over fifty feet in length — about fifty of whom were re-
captured the same month. On December 25, 1863,
Brigadier-General William W. Orme, formerly colonel
of the 94th Illinois, was appointed post commandant.
Colonel DeLand remained, however, in actual charge of
the camp for some time after General Orme's appoint-
ment. During December, the 9th Vermont was ordered
to Newbern, N. C, and the two companies of the 65th
Illinois received orders to join the balance of their
regiment at Knoxville, Tenn. Lieutenant-Colonel O.
L. Mann was ordered to Camp Douglas, with the 39th
Illinois, on recruiting service, remaining until the fol-
lowing spring.
During the latter part of the year, the 8th and 15th
regiments of the Veteran Reserve Corps, each four
CAMP DOUGLAS.
3°3
companies strong, under Colonels B. J. Sweet and J- C.
Strong, were ordered to the camp as a portion of its gar-
rison, and these, with the Michigan Sharpshooters,
constituted the entire garrison at the close of the year,
about one thousand eight hundred in all. The number
of prisoners was then five thousand six hundred and
sixty. When General Orme was appointed command-
ant, Captain Hudson Burr was assigned to duty as
assistant adjutant-general, and Colonel Clarke to the
charge of the new commissary department, from which
supplies were furnished direct by Government* instead
of by contractors as before. General Orme remained
in command of Camp Douglas until May 2, 1864, when
he resigned and was succeeded by Colonel Benjamin J.
Sweet of the 8th Veteran Reserve Corps. Captain
Joseph M. Barr, of Co. "B," 8th Regiment, V. R. C,
was appointed post adjutant-general. Until July,
Colonel Sweet had his headquarters in the city; Colonel
James C. Strong, of the 15th V. R. C, being acting post
commandant. During June the prisoners' barracks
were raised four feet from the ground, and arranged in
streets, to prevent the escape of prisoners by tunnel-
ing. Late in the year, the " Prison Square," covering
about twenty acres, was inclosed by a high board fence
like that around the camp, the parapet for the sentinels
being on the outside, about three feet from the top.
There were in this inclosure some forty or fifty bar-