and finally add the turpentine.
TRANSPARENT LACQUER FOR STEEL.
Mastic rt.sin
Camphor ...
Sandarac rosin ...
Klerine rosin . .
Methylated sjjirit .
Dissohc the solids in thi' sjjiiit and us.- the laci|U<'r cold.
8
4
\-2
4
/•*■•
158
VARNISHES.
LACQUER FOR ZINC.
Gamboge
Shellac
Annotta
Seed lac
Methylated spirit
Venice turpentine
Dragon's blood
Methylated spirit
Oz.
3
9
60
5 gills.
Digest the gamboge and annotta in the 5 gills of spirit,
dissolve the shellac in the 60 fl. oz. of spirit, and when dis-
solved add the Venice turpentine and dragon's blood and put
in a warm place for a few days-
VARNISH FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES.
Sandarac ........
Chloroform ..... .
Essence of lavender ......
96 per cent, spirit . . . . .
Oz,
60
45
2
300
RETOUCHING PHOTOGRAPH NEGATIVE VARNISH.
Dammar .....
Gutta-percha ....
Benzol .....
IJissolve and rub on with the finger.
Oz.
Gr.
160
20
10
COLD VARNISH FOR PHOTOGRAPH NEGATIVES.
Comuiercial white hard varnish
Liquid ammonia HBO .
Oz.
10
q.s.
VAKNISHKS. 159
AiM siillicit'iit aiiiiMiiiiia to icilis-soU c tin- lUfcipiUitr Kixt
loiiiifcl aiiil lln-ii uil<l : —
Distilled water ...... 'Ji oz.
Tliis (.-ail ))»' apjilifil with a I>i-m.s1i.
HARD PHOTOGRAPH NEGATIVE VARNISH.
LI.. Oz.
Siindarac ....... 1
Shellac ^0
Castor oil ....... ."i
Methylated sjjiril ...... 2 •,'alloiis.
WAX AND BITUMEN VARNISH FOR ETCHED STEEL
PLATES.
Oz.
Yellow wax ........ '.i
I'ure .Judtea hituiiieti ...... l;j
J^eii/.ol 300
Filter, allow to .stand, and decant.
VARNISH FOR ETCHED STEEL PLATES.
Oz.
Yellow wax ........ V2-')
Petroleum ....... 2')
Benzol ... .{
V^HITE JAPAN FOR REFLECTORS.
A white paint tin* hun[) relleelor.s, which ha.-> a tine ]><)rc(djii!i
Hnish and iieed.s no iieatin;.^, is made as follows. Mix pure
white zinc (dry) with sufficient silicate of .soda to he easily
applied with a brush. Apply one coat, and dry by artificial
heat, it convenient; then apply a second heavy coat, and dry
either in an oven at from 1.50^ to 200 F.. oi- at onliuary
tem})erature.
160 VARNISHES.
WHITE DAIWIVIAR VARNISH FOR ENAMEL PAINTS.
Lb.
Batavian dammar ....
. 130
White rosin (W.W. or W.G.)
15
Sulphate of zinc .....
14
Turpentine ......
12
Benzene ......
10
Oz.
Gr.
50
7
(3
7
Melt the gum and the rosin with the zinc in a copper kettle
until solution is complete. Add the turpentine gradually after
the kettle is taken otF the tire. Then reduce with the benzene.
This product may be used as a varnish, grinding with enamel
colours, or as a white varnish pure and simple. It dries mucli
harrier than ordinary dammar varnishes.
CELLULOID VARNISH.
Pyroxyline or celluloid ....
Amyl acetate .....
Amylic alcohol .....
Dissolve. This can be applied cold, but it takes some time
to (hy.
CELLULOID VARNISHES.
These varni.shes are prepared by dissolving colourless cellu-
loid in a mixture of strong spirit and ether. The price of
celluloid l)eing high, a cheaper way of preparing these varnishes
is proposed, and consists in dissolving absolutel}'^ dry gun cotton
in a mixture of three or four times its weight of ether with
from three to six times its weight of very strong spirit. After
standing a few days, the solution is separated from a small
i(uantity of an insoluble scsdiment, and a ((uantity of cam])hor,
amounting to from 25 to 80 per cent, of the original weight of
the gun cotton, is added to it.
VARNISHES. IC)1
COLLODION VARNISH.
Aiiiyl acetate, 4 ^jallons; benzol, 4 j^alloiiH ; acfUJiie, 2 ;jal-
lons; pyroxylin*', 2A 11). The <liff<'r('nt iii;,o'f<li«iits an- iiiixfd
and the |)yn)xyline dissolvnl thcrt'iii.
Tlifse celluloi"! and colNjdiou varin^ln's aif cxcfUfnt for
^old, silver, bronze and alnminiuui paints by tlu" sinij)l«.' ad<lition
of the roipii-site nit'tallic powders. By colourin;; with the .spirit
.soluble coal-tar dyes they make Lfood eoloin"f<l varnishes.
VARNISH FOR PAPER.
Di<j;e.st well together in a closed vessel 1 part daiinnar rosin,
and 6 parts acetone for twelve days, then pour oti' the clear.
To this ad<l 4 parts collodion, mix toi^ether, then let it stand
until cleai". This is waterj)root*.
FRENCH ENAJVIEL VARNISH.
Amyl acetate .....
Acetone ......
Methylated spirit .....
Celluloid chips .....
The followin«^ books will be found to contain much \ alual»le
information on varnishes: —
The Manufacture of Varnishes, Oil Ucjinimj and lioiliwi. By
Ach. Livache and John G. Mcintosh. Price 12s. (Jd. Scott,
Greenwood & Co. The most complete account of varnishes
published, and contains descriptive matter of all the materials
used and the processes employed in varnish makin;,^
Manual of Painters' Colours, Oils and Varnishes. By (Ieor;,^e
H. Hurst, F.C.S. Third edition. Price 1 -Js. (id. Charles Gritfin
vVf Co. The sections on oils and varnishes in this Itook fonn one
of the clearest and best accounts yet written. The principles
and methods of varnish makini; and oil boilin;; an<l refining
are clearly laid down.
11
Lb.
24
Oz,
rA
4
2
r>
SECTION IV.
SOAPS FOR TOILET, CLEANSING, POLISHING, ETC.
BENZOIN SOAP.
White curd toilet stock soap
Siam benzoin (dissolved)
Oil of geranium
Balsam Peru
Oil of orange
Oil of cloves .
Oil of cassia .
Oil of lavender
Lb.
50
Oz
2
2
1
2
3
i
2
BENZOIN SOAP.
White curd toilet stock soap
Siam benzoin (dissolved)
Balsam Peru
Oil of geranium
Oil of cloves .
Oil of rosemary
Oil of petit-grain
-Cumarin
Lb.
Oz
50
3
3
2
2
*
i
i
(162)
SOAPS.
MARSHMALLOW SOAP.
ir,:{
^\ hitc curd toilet stock soap
Siam benzoin
Balsam tolu .
Balsam I'eru
Oil of bei>;amot
Oil of cloves .
Oil of cassia .
Oil of lavender
Oil of orange
Oil of carawav
I-l..
(»/.
\Lh
1
3
(J
4
•)
:j
()
4
•2
IVIARSHIVIALLOW SOAP.
White curd toilet stock soap
Balsam Peru
Balsam tolu .
Tincture of henzoin
Oil of lavender
Oil of cloves .
Oil of cassia .
Oil of lavender
Oil of orange
Oil of caraway
Lb.
50
()
(J
Oz.
)
PATCHOULI SOAP.
White curd toilet stock soap .
Yellow palm oil cm'd toilet stock soap
Patchouli oil .
Oil of sandalwood
Oil of rosemary ....
40
t)z.
10
li
li
1
164
SOAPS.
Oil of lavender
Tincture of benzoin
Victoria green
Lb.
Oz.
1
2
1
WHITE TRANSPARENT GLYCERINE SOAP.
Materials : —
Lb.
Cochin cocoanut oil
55
Stearine ....
25
Castor oil, white .
20
Soda lye of 38° B.
52
Alcohol, 98 per cent.
60
Sugar
20
Distilled water . . .
20
White glycerine .
49
Perfume : —
Oz
Oil of Ijergamot ;
8
Lavender ....
2
Thyme
i
Fennel .....
i
Orange
i
WHITE TRANSPARENT GLYCERINE SOAP.
Materials : —
Lb.
Cochin cocoanut oil . . .
. 60
Stearine .....
. 20
White castor oil .
20
Caustic soda lye of 38° B.
. 53
Alcohol, 96 per cent.
70
White glycerine ....
60
Sugar
. . .25
Distilled water ....
. 25
SOAPS.
10;")
I'fi-t'miif : —
I.I..
()/.
Oil of l)ergainot
A
Oil of sassafras
t
Oil of lavender
5
Oil of thyme
2i
Oil of lemon .
1
Oil of lemon-grass
WHITE ALABASTER SOAP.
LS lb. stearinc, 22 11». l)lt'aciii'<l palm oil, 1 lit. ;^lyci'rin'\
18 lb. 38' l3'e, 20 11». IMj per cent, alcohol. Tin- ."Jtearine an-l
palm oil are to be heated to 125", saponified with the lye, t\w.
alcohol added, and when the combination, which takes placf
at once, is complete, the fjlycerine is put in. When clear th»;
kettle is covere<l and the contents are allowfil to stand at
95' F. The soap is run into the moulds and perfumed
with 12 oz. beri]^amot oil, 3 oz. geranium oil, 2A oz. neroli
oil, 3 oz. citron oil. As this i.s a white soap no colour is
added.
POTPOURRI SOAP.
The French make a very much used toilet soap which they
call savon an potpourri. This .soap is prepared in the follow-
ing manner: G lb. of white soap are reduced to a tine pow«ler
and then the following perfume is added : —
Tincture of cloves .
Tincture of neroli .
Tincture of thyme
Tincture of bergamot
Tincture of oil of roses .
Oz.
2i
•2i
166
SOAPS.
CUCUMBER-IVIILK SOAP.
White stock soap .
Fine rosemary oil .
Lemon oil
Balm-fir oil .
Terpinol
Geranium oil (French)
Juniper- berry oil .
Civet tincture
Lb.
Oz
75
1
5
2
4
4
1
2.
BITTER-ALIVIOND SOAP.
White stock soap ....
Lb.
. 75
Oz
Pure oil of bitter almonds
20
Cumin oil
5
Lavender oil ....
3
African geranium oil .
2
PEACH-BLOSSOIVI SOAP.
White stock soap .
Clove oil
Pure rose oil .
Pure bitter-almond oil
French geranium oil
Ceylon cinnamon
Nutmeg oil .
Neroli .
Civet tincture
Amber .
Bright rose (without water)
Light tampico yellow (without water)
Lb.
75
Oz
2
1
1
2
2
i
h
2
2
i
4
SOAPS.
ALMOND- BLOSSOM SOAP.
White stock soap .
French geranium oil
Pure rose oil
Ceylon cinnamon .
Pure oil of bitter almonds
Ylang-ylang oil
Terpinol
Vanillin
Civet tincture
Colovu" with red rose awl cinnabar
167
Ll).
Oz.
75
i
2
^
i
2
1
4
1
QUINCE SOAP.
White stock soap
Fine lavender oil
White thyme oil
Portugal oil .
Oil of cloves .
Patchouli oil .
Geranium oil .
Peru balsam oil
Musk tincture
Cinnabar
Gold ochre
LILY MILK SOAP.
White stock soap .
Petit-grain oil
Bergamot oil .
Liquid orris .
Terpinol
Civet tincture
Alusk-root tincture
Lb.
7o
Oz
1
2
5
1
i
2
2
u
1
1
1
Lb.
75
Oz.
5
10
(1
1
2
2
u
5
168
SOAPS.
WHITE ELDER-FLOWER SOAP.
White stock soap
Terpinol
Pure rose oil
Geranium oil
Ylang-ylang
Angelica oil
Heliotropine
Civet tincture
Musk .
Cumarin
Lb.
75
Oz
15
1
2
1
i
*
1
1
2i
BLUE ELDER-FLOWER SOAP.
White stock soap .
Lb.
55
Oz
Terpinol
Geranium oil .
18
5
Ceylon cinnamon .
2
Liquid orris .
Ylang-ylang oil
1
1
Cananga oil .
i
Heliotropine .
Bergamot oil .
*
2
Cuinarin tincture .
2
Civet .
1
Musk ....
2
Colour with aniline violet and bright r
ose a
s requii
ed.
HYACINTH SOAP.
White stock soap
Lb.
55
Oz.
Bergamot oil
5
French essence of hyacinth .
1
Pure rose oil .
^
,
i
SOAPS.
IfiO
Liquid orris .
Parma violet .
Vlang-ylau^,' oil
Petit-gmiti oil
Angelica oil
Vetiver oil
Tonka tincture
Civet
Bright rose (without water)
Light gold uranium (without water)
r.b.
0^
1
1
i
1
i
i
2
1
4
1
■I
ACACIA-BLOSSOIVI SOAP,
White stock soap
Neroli .
Clove oil
Bergamot oil .
Ylang-ylang oil
Liquid orris .
Ceylon cinnamon
Pure rose oil .
Vanillin
Heliotropine .
Civet tincture
Musk .
Dark yellow chrome
Gold ochre
LI).
25
li
Q
1
2
.A
1
2
A
i
2
2
1
2
1
Soap
Fennel oil
Caraway oil
No colour.
FENNEL SOAP.
Lb.
07..
00
2i
li
170
SOAPS.
LEMON SOAP.
Soap .......
Lemon oil ..... .
Bergamot oil .
Grass oil ..... •
Colour yellow (with saffron or turmeric).
Lb.
60
Oz
1
i
i
CAMPHOR SOAP.
Soap
Camphor
Caraway oil .
Eosemary oil .
To be left white.
Lb.
60
Oz
2
i
i
CORIANDER SOAP.
Soap
Anise oil
Bergamot oil
Lemon oil
Coriander oil
Colour optional or white.
Lb.
60
Oz.
i
1
1
2
BENZOIN SOAP.
White soap .
Tincture of benjamin
Lb.
50
4
Coloured brown (witli caramel). The tincture of benjamin
is produced by treating a fine sort of the benzoin rosin
(amygdaloidal benzoin), which must be pulverised, with
alcohol. Benzoin soap has an agreeable, vaniUa-like odour.
SOAI'S.
171
BITTER-ALMOND SOAP.
I.h.
20
. ;io
. 26
2
H
1
Cocoanut oil
Lard oil
Soda lye (40' B.)
Hitter-almond oil
Ber^'amot oil
Lemon oil
Not C(jlour(.'(l. In place of the oil ol" bitter ainu^nds, 2
oz. nitrobenzol (inirbane essence) are employed for cheaper
><oaps.
BISAIVl SOAP.
Cocoanut oil soap ....
Pale oil soap ....
Tallow soap .....
Bisam essence, dissolved in aleohol
Bergamot oil ,, ,,
Clove oil ,, ,,
Geranium oil
Colour Itrown. The bisam es.sence is prepared by treating
H oz. civet and 4 oz. potash with 4 (»/. alcohol.
Lb.
Oz
. 20
. 20
. 20
A
\
i
X
Soap
Bergamot oil
Clove oil
Sassafras oil .
Sage oil
BOUQUET SOAP.
GO
Oz
2
1
i
i
Colour brown with caramel or umber.
17-2
SOAPS.
Lb.
60
Oz
1
i
1
i
i
i
BOUQUET SOAP, B
Soap
Bergamot oil
Lemon oil
Clove oil
Neroli .
Sassafras oil .
Cinnamon
Colour brown, or reddish-brown by a suitable addition of
red colour, for which highly washed oxide of iron, the so-
called colcothar, is very appropriate.
SORB SOAP, A, FINEST QUALITY.
Cocoanut-oil soap
Palm-oil soap
Tallow soap .
Lemon oil
Bergamot oil
Lavender oil
Neroli oil
Peppermint oil
Verbena oil .
Cinnamon oil
Colour yellow or red.
with vermilion, 1^^ oz.
Yellow, with gamboge.
Lb.
Oz
20
20
20
i
i
i
i
1
4
1
i
, 2 oz
.;
red,
THE SAME, B, AVERAGE QUALITY.
Soaps as in A.
Lavender oil
Oz
Clove oil
i
Orange-peel oil
i
Patchouli oil .
i
Cinnamon oil . ....
i
soArs.
17:?
THE SAME, C, ORDINARY QUALITY.
S<);i]t miss aii<l cdlitur as aliovc, jd-rruiiifi with: —
Lemon oil .....
Caraway oil .
i
Curled-mint oil .
t
Rosemary oil ....
i
Sage oil .....
i
Spike oil .... .
i
THYME SOAP.
Tallow soap .
Palm-oil soap
Benjamin tincture
Lavender oil
Clove oil
Peppermint oil
Rosemary oil
Thyme oil
Cinnamon oil
Colour re 1 with vcnniHon, hrowii witii itehn-, or Itlark with
LI).
Oz.
18
12
2i
i
.A
2
(,)
2
A
lampblack.
EAU-DE-COLOGNE SOAP.
White soap .
Neroli oil
Citronella oil
Lavender oil
Ber^ramot oil
Civet essence
1.1).
Oz
150
4
4
•J
2
u
i
17 t
SOAPS.
LAVENDER SOAP.
Ll..
Oz
Cocoanut-oil soap .....
. 'M
Tallow soaj) .....
30
Lavender oil .....
H
Amherf^ris essence ....
2
Colour pale blue.
MILLEFLEUR SOAP (FRENCH RECIPE).
Soap as per prrcfiliiin- i
Berj^aniot oil .
Cassia oil
Ijenion oil
Lavender oil .
Clove oil
Pal in -rose oil
Patchouli
Peruvian balsam
Colour ro.sc with alkaiu
eeipe
0/..
2
i
U
ii
1
i
MILLEFLEUR SOAP (GERIVIAN RECIPE).
Soap as per ])rce(MliM^ i
Bergaiiiot oil
fjemon oil
Coriander oil
Cassia oil
Lavender oil
Neroli oil
Clove oil
Mace oil
Balm oil
Cimuimon oil
Colour pale red vvilh vt
ecipe.
Oz.
U
\
.4
a
1
i
i
rmilioii.
SOAPS.
MILLEFLEUR SOAP.
Tallow ...
Cocoanut oil .
Olive oil ... .
Soda lye (40' H., s:H)onify the fat>)
Pcrruiiif with : —
Ber^^ainot oil
Lavender oil .
Clove oil
Neroli .
Thyme o.l
Cinnamon oil
Colour <j]>tional.
17.-)
I.b.
■2r,
11
12
24
0».
i
White soap
Nitrobenzol
MIRBANE SOAP.
Lb.
. 100
.1 to 2
It is also .sold a.s bittt-r-almond .soap, hut is »|uickly n'CO<j-
nised on c<unparin<j^.
PALM SOAP.
Palm-oil (unhleached) soap
Tallow soap .
Cocoanut-oil soap
Cassia oil
Fennel oil
Caraway oil .
Lavender oil
Sassafras oil
"Colour luL'li ivd with vtrmiliun.
M..
12
Oz.
12
24
U
i
H
U
H
176
SOAPS.
PATCHOULI SOAP.
White soap .
Patchouli oil
Sandal oil
Vetiver oil
ROSE SOAP, FINEST QUALITY.
Cocoanut-oil soap
Tallow soap
Eose oil
Bergamot oil
Colour red with vermilion, alkanet or cochineal.
Lb.
Oz.
. 50
4-1
*
i
Y.
Lb.
Oz.
24
. 55
U
1
4
ROSE SOAP, SECOND QUALITY.
Cocoanut-oil soap
Bergamot oil
Geranium oil
Musk tincture
Kose oil
Sassafras oil
Lb.
60
Oz.
1*
u
*
1
4
i
Colour as above. Alkanet is always used for dark purple.
WHITE-ROSE SOAP.
Cocoanut-oil soap
Ambergris tincture
Cassia oil
Geranium oil
Oil of cloves
Musk tincture
Rose oil
Remains white.
Lb.
60
Oz
i
i
3
5
i
1
i.t).
()/.
30
30
2
i
SOAPS. 17
ORANGE-FLOWER SOAP.
Cocoanut-oil soap .....
Tallow soap .....
Neioli oil ..... .
Geranium oil .....
FLOATING SOAP.
(mxmI (lil sdiip, J, cwt. : WiitiT, .'. ujilloii ; iiii'lt l»y the hfiit of
a stt'am- or \vat«.*r-batli in a jciii t'lniiish.Ml with an a;;itator,
wliicli iiiu.st be a.ssi<luou.sly \vorkt'<| till tlu- soap has at least
<l<juhitMl its volume, when it must l>e })ut int«j the frames,
cooled, ami cut into pieces. Lathers well ami is very pleasant.
.\iiy sci'Ut may '••' a'l'lfd.
HARNESS SOAP.
Take rosin soap, 2 Ih. ; sjx-rm oil. ■ Hi. I>i;4cst thf soai>
with a ciuantity of hoiliiiu; w.iter just sutticient to thorou<^hly
soften it, when it may be triturated with the warm oil and a
sufficient (|uantity of tine boneblack until a uniform |xiste is
oljtained. Ordinary unmi.\e<l soap tiu-ns brown many of tl»e
M.ick pii^ments in use. The a<ldition of oil is a ;,nvat impix)ve-
mcnt.
IODINE SOAP.
Ll>.
Neutral white soap ...... 1)8
Iodine ......... 2
This should be made fresh as re(piireil, as it does not keej) ;
the iodine (gradually acts on and combines with the alkali of
the soap, thereby losin<^ its medicinal virtues.
TANNIN SOAP.
Lb.
Good white soap ...... 97
Tannic acid ........ 3
1-2
178
SOAPS.
SALICYL SOAP.
Good white soap .
Salicylic acid
Lb.
98
Good white soap
Thymol
THYMOL SOAP.
Lb.
97
3
Good white soap
Benzoic soap
BENZOIC SOAP.
Lb.
98
SHAVING SOAP.
A good shaving soap should give an abundant lather and
be mild. The lather formed should be permanent. These
properties are rarely found united in laundry soaps because
they are generally too strongly alkaline. There are various
methods for making these soaps, partly by boiling. Their
composition, by whatever method prepared, is about the same.
The materials used are tallow, lard, and cocoanut oil ; these
are saponified with soda and potasli lye.
1. A very fine shaving soap is obtained in the following
manner, by the cold process : —
Lb.
Lard 60
Cocoanut oil . . . . , . . .20
Caustic soda lye, 35' B. ..... 30
Caustic potash lye, 35° B. . . . . .10
Mix all together at 120° F. and allow to set.
2. By the half-warm process : 40 lb. tallow and 20 lb.
cocoanut oil are heated together to 62° C, then saponified
SOAPS.
17'.)
under contiimoiis stiniii;; nuA ln-atfil ut 7.') ( '. witli .SO ll».
caustic soda ly»', 'M) B., ami l-S Ih. caustic ixitash lye. HO H.
In case tilt' soaji is too short st'\cral jkjuiiiIs oI" watt-r
arc stirred in. at'ti-i- which it is |m rt'uiiird auil t'lMiiifd in small
frames to cool it i|uickly.
'A. Tallow and lard arc hoilcd with caustic soihi Ixi- to
n curd soap. Thru cocoanut oil is added, and the oily curd is
saponitied with potash lye of :{() IJ. hi casr the curd is too
thick watci" uuist he aihled, ami the snap lioih-d until it has
become more Huid.
The soaps arc (generally [)erl"umed with oil of lavender, oil
of bercjamot, <»il of j>e]ipei-miiit. i-tc.
THE MILITARY SHAVING SOAP.
I nder this name a molten jialm soaji ol very a<^rceablc
smell is sold. oOO 111. ol" palm-<jil soap are melted as above.
coloured with colourin;;- and sceutcd with: —
Ml.
Oil of cinnamon ....... 1
Oil of kummel
Oil of lavender
Oil of thyme .
Oil of peppermint .
Oil of bergamot
This soap smells especially i^ood when dry.
U
1
SHAVING PASTE.
r.b.
Oz.
Soap ......
10
Alcohol .....
1
Oil of bitter almonds
li
Oil of bergamot ....
I
Oil of mace .....
\
Oil of cloves .....
i
180 SOAPS.
Melt the soap with just enough water to convert it into
a soft paste when cold. The paste is then well rubbed up in
a marble mortar, or passed several times through a kneading
machine. This treatment is necessary in order to impart to
the soap that fine pearly appearance so much esteemed by
consumers of this class of article.
SHAVING LIQUID.
Lb.
White soap ....... 10
Alcohol 20-
Orange-fiower water ...... 30
Melt up the soap with some of the orange-tlower water
at as low a temperature as possible, and when complete solution
has taken place add the rest of the orange-flower water and
the alcohol. After the finished product has stood for a few
hovu's in a closed vessel it is boiled. Some makers filter the
solution, but if very pure materials are taken, and if the solu-
tion is allowed to stand and deposit any insoluble matter as.
we have just reconnnended, the filtration, which is a long and
tedious process, will become quite unnecessary. Cocoanut-oii
soap is the Ijest to use.
SHAVING SOAP.
Lb.
Puriiied tallow 90
Cocoanut oil (first quality) ..... 10
Soda lye 80
Potash lye 20
Colour and scent to taste.
Most shaving soaps contain coc(xinut oil. as this fat is.
particular!}'' efficacious in uiaking them lather well
Ll>.
1-2
li
i;
(;
2
2
SOAl'S. LSI
SHAVING LIQUID.
White soap (cocoumit-oil suuii)
iOsseiice of fill iiliuoiids
AIcoIkjI .....
Rose water ......
Tincture of aiiiht'r ....
Tiiicturu of ht'iizoiii ....
'i'lu- maiii|iulati(»u is tlic same as tiiat ik'.seribe<l alxixr. Tin-
tiOH\) may !••' dyvil pink with alkanet or coehinfal tincturt'.
SHAVING WINDSOR SOAP.
.Melt touvth.T 400 11.. of tallow an>l -JOO 11.. of eocoannt
oil. When tlir t( iiiiirraturc is !lo I', stir in a nii.xtnit-
of 840 11.. of so<la lyr ."U l;. , an.l <iO 11.. of potash lye
(.SO" B.;. Whrii tilt' soap will seuni in spit.- of stiri-in;,^ it
is ready l<>i' pourin;.i\ and this ^^cnci-aily is tin- case in ahout
twenty niinntfs. Scent with <.il ot knniinfl, 2 II.. ; lavfiidci*
oil, -Ih 11..: and oil of tli\nir whit.- , l II..
SHAVING WINDSOR SOAP.
Lb.
Very pure white tallow ...... 3M
Cocoanut oil (Hrst quality) ..... 1(5
Soda lye (30^ B.) l>H
Potash lye (30 h.) 5
Scent a h-w minutes aitt-r jxturin;,' with es.sence of cara-
wa3's, 2^ oz. ; essence of her^ainot, '^l o/. ; essence of Portuj^al,
+ oz. ; e.ssence of cloves, ,',, o/,. : essence of lavender. 1{ oz. ;
and es.sence of thyui.', 1| oz. After the soaj) has set cut it up.
dry the pieces, and ml. tliem with a very dry cloth t<. i-eniove
anv adherent dust.
182
SOAPS.
SOAP POWDERS.
Hard and dry soaps can be i,a-onnd to powder without diffi-
culty. What is known as " pearl soap powder " is made of : —
Curd (hard) soap, powdered ....
Ammonia soda, powdered ....
Silicate of soda, powdered ....
Made as dr}^ as possible, and intimately mixed.
BORAX SOAP POWDER.
Cwt.
4
*3
2
Cwt,
5
Curd (hard) soap in powder .....
Soda ash in powder ...... 3
Silicate of soda in powder ..... 2
Borax (crude) in powder ..... 1
Each ingredient is thoroughly dried, and all mixed together
by sifting,
LONDON SOAP POWDER.
Cwt.
6
Yellow soap .
Soda crystals
Pearl ash
Sulphate of soda
Palm oil
These ingredients
3
n
1
are combined as well as possible without