disaster to England. Gillett, Ezra Hall, educator; born in
Gilbert, Thomas, royalist; born in Colchester, Conn., July 15, 1823; gradu-
1714; took part in the capture of Louis- ted at Yale in 1841; appointed Professor
burg in 1745, and also in the attack on of Political Economy in the University of
Crown Point in 1755. He raised a com- New York in 1868. Among his writings
pany of 300 royalists at the request of are History of the Presbyterian Church
General Gage, but was obliged to leave in the United States; Ancient Cities and
the country, as the legislature of Massa- Empires, etc.
chusetts had declared him " a public Gillmore, James Clarkson, naval offi-
enemy." He died in New Brunswick in cer; born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 10,
1796. 1854; graduated at the United States
Gilder, William Henry, explorer; born Naval Academy in 1875; promoted lieu-
in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 16, 1838; served tenant in 1891. He was ordered to
through the Civil War and received the Manila, Jan. 14, 1899, where he was as-
brevet of major at its close. In 1878 he signed to the Yorktown. In April of that
was appointed second in command of the year he was captured with seven others
expedition to King William's Land, and while scouting at Baler, Luzon. After
while so engaged made a sledge-journey spending over eighteen months in captiv-
of 3,251 statute miles, the longest on ity and suffering great privations the
record. In 1881 he was with the Rodgers party was rescued in the mountains near
expedition to look for the Jeannette. After Cagayan by Col. Luther B. Hare, in De-
the Rodgers was burned he journeyed from cember, 1899.
Bering Strait across Siberia, a distance of Gillmore, Quincy Adams, military offi-
2,000 miles, in the depth of winter, and cer; born in Black Biver, Lorain co., O.,
sent a despatch of the misfortune to the Feb. 28, 1825; graduated at West Point
Secretary of the Navy. His publications in 1849, and entered the engineer corps,
include Schwatka's Search, and Ice-Pack He was for four years (1852-56) assist-
ant Tundra. He died in Morristown, ant instructor of engineering at West
N. J., Feb. 5, 1900. Point. In October, 1861, he was appointed
Giles, William Branch, legislator; chief engineer of an expedition against
born in Amelia county, Va., Aug. 12, 1762; the Southern coasts under Gen. W. T.
was a member of Congress in 1791-1803, Sherman. He superintended the eonstruc-
with the exception of two years. Origi- tion of the fortifications at Hilton Head,
nally a Federalist he soon affiliated and planned and executed measures for
with the Democrats; attacked Alexander the capture of Fort Pulaski in the spring
Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, ac- of 1862, when he was made brigadier-gen-
cusing him of corruption; he also opposed eral of volunteers. After service in west-
the ratification of the treaty with Great ern Virginia and Kentucky, he was brevet-
iv.— v 81
GILLON— GILMAN
Colonization of America; The Making of
the American Nation, etc
Gilman, Daniel Coit, educator; born
in Norwich, Conn., July 6, 1831; grad-
uated at Yale University in 1852; and
continued his studies in Berlin. In 1856-
72 he served as librarian, secretary of
the Sheffield Scientific School, and Pro-
fessor of Physical and Political Geog-
raphy at Yale University; in 1872 be-
came president of the University of Cali-
fornia, where he remained until 1875.
when he was chosen president of Johns
Hopkins University, which had just been
founded. In 1893-99 he was president of
the American Oriental Society; in 1896-
97 a member of the United States com-
mission on the boundary - line between
Venezuela and British Guiana; in 1901 re-
signed the presidency of the university
ttd colonel in the United States army, and and became editor-in-chief of The Neio
CJUINCY ADAM8 GII.LMORK.
succeeded Hunter (June, 1863) in com-
mand of the Department of South Caro-
lina, when he was promoted to major-
International Cyclopaedia and president
of the National Civil Service Reform
League; and in 1902 was elected president
general. After a long and unsuccessful of the Carnegie Institution. He has writ-
attempt to capture Charleston in 1862, he ten Life of James Monroe; University
was assigned to the command of the 10th
Army Corps, and in the autumn of 1863,
resumed operations in Charleston Harbor,
which resulted in his occupation of Mor-
ris* Island, the reduction of Fort Sumter,
and the reduction and capture of Fort
Wagner and Battery Gregg. General
GilJmore was the author of many works
on engineering and a notable one on The
Strength of the Building Stones of the
United States (1874). For these services
during the war he was brevetted major-
general in the regular army. He died in
Brooklyn, N. Y., April 7, 1888.
â– Gillon, Alexander, naval officer; born
in Rotterdam, Holland, in 1741; came to
.America and settled in Charleston. S. C,
in 1766. He captured three British
cruisers in May, 1777: was promoted com-
modore in 1778; and captured the Bahama
islands in May, 1782, while commander Problems
DANIEL CHIT OILMAN.
Introduction to De Tocque-
ville's Democracy in America: etc.
Gilman, Nicholas, legislator: born in
Exeter, N. II., Aug. 3, 175.">; entered the
Continental army in 1776: and served dur-
of a large fleet. He died at Gillon's Re-
treat, on the Congaree River, S. C, Oct.
6, 1794.
Gilman, Arrnin:. author; horn in Al-
ton, 111., June 22, 1837; was the executive ing 11k 1 remainder of the war. He was
officer of tlie Harvard Annex, and ils re- willi Washington at the surrender of
gent when it became Radcliffe College. Yorktown, where it became his duty to
Among his works are Tales of the Path- take an account of the prisoners. In
finders: The Discovery of America; The September, 1787, he was a delegate to the
82
GILMAN— GILMORE
convention to frame the Constitution of
the United States; and in 1805-14 held
a seat in the United States Senate. He
died in Exeter, N. H., May 2, 1814.
Oilman, Nicholas Paine, educator;
born in Quincy, 111., Dec. 21, 1849; was
graduated at Harvard Divinity School in
1871; became Professor of Sociology and
Ethics in the Meadville Theological School
in 1895. He published Socialism and the
American Spirit, etc.
Gilmer, George Rockingham, lawyer;
born in Wilkes (now Oglethorpe) county,
Ga., April 11, 1790. He was made lieu-
tenant of the 43d Infantry in 1813, and
sent against the Creek Indians; was gov-
ernor of Georgia in 1829-31 and 1837-39.
He was the author of Georgians (a his-
torical work). He died in Lexington, Ga.,
Nov. 15, 1859.
Gilmer, Thomas Walker, statesman;
born in Virginia; governor 6f the State
in 1840; member of Congress, 1841-44,
when he became Secretary of the Navy;
killed by the explosion of a gun on the
Princeton ten days later, Feb. 28, 1844.
Gilmor, Harry, military officer; born
in Baltimore county, Md., Jan. 24, 1838 ;
entered the Confederate army at the be-
ginning of the Civil War. In May, 1863.
he recruited a battalion of cavalry and
was commissioned major. He was the
author of Four Years in the Saddle. He
died in Baltimore, Md., March 4, 1883.
Gilmore, James Roberts, author; born
in Boston, Mass., Sept. 10, 1823. In July,
1864, with Colonel Jaquess he was sent
on an unofficial mission to the Confederate
government to see if peace could be estab-
lished. Jefferson Davis gave answer that
no proposition of peace would be con-
sidered except the independence of the
Confederacy. Mr. Gilmore's publications
include My Southern Friends; Down in
Tennessee; Life of Garfield; the Rear-
Guard of the Revolution ; Among the Pines
(a novel which had a remarkable sale) ;
John Sevier as a Commonioealtli-Builder ;
The Advance-Guard of Western Civiliza-
tion; etc. He died in Glens Falls,. N. Y.,
Nov. 16, 1903.
Gilmore, Joseph Albree, " war gov-
ernor"; born in Weston, Vt., June 10,
1811; settled in Concord, N. H., in 1842:
elected governor of New Hampshire in
1863 and 1864. When a draft was or-
dered in 1863, although the spirit of
patriotism had somewhat waned, he re-
cruited the 18th Infantry, the 1st Heavy
Artillery, and the 1st Cavalry, which
brought the whole number of New Hamp-
shire troops supplied during the war up
to 31,000, about 10 per cent, of the popu-
lation. He died in Concord, N. H., April
17, 1867.
Gilmore, Patrick Sarseield, musi-
cian and composer ; born near Dublin, Ire-
land, Dec. 25, 1830; was employed for a
short time in a mercantile house in Ath-
lone, when his employer, having noticed
his remarkable taste for music, hired him
to instruct his son in music. In 1849 he
came to the United States, went to Bos-
ton, and became the leader of a band.
His fame as a cornet player soon spread
throughout the country. After having
been bandmaster in nearly 1,000 concerts
he established in 1858 what bocame popu-
larly known as Gilmore's Band, and which
later gave concerts throughout the United
States and in more than half of Europe.
When the Civil War broke out Gilmore
and his band volunteered and went to the
front with the 24th Massachusetts Regi-
ment. He was with General Burnside in
North Carolina, and later, while in New
Orleans, General Banks placed him in
charge of all the bands in the Department
of the Gulf. After the war he returned
to Boston and resumed his profession. In
1869 he organized a great peace jubilee
in Boston, in which over 20,000 people,
2,000 musicians, and the best military
bands of Europe took part. He conducted
a similar grand musical event in 1872.
In 1873 he removed to New York, and be-
came bandmaster of the 22d Regiment.
During 1873-76 he gave more than 600
concerts in what was known as Gilmore's
Garden. In the latter year his band was
employed to play at the Centennial Expo-
sition in Philadelphia. Later he took
the band to Europe, where he gave con-
certs in all the principal cities. Two
days before his death he was appointed
musical director of the World's Columbian
Exposition. Among his most popular
compositions are Good News from Borne;
When Johnny Comes Marching Home; and
The Voice of the Departing Soul, or Death
at the Door (which was rendered at his
own funeral). His anthems are On -
83
GILPIN— GIST
lumbia; Ireland to England; and a na- morality, leaving them to adopt their own
tional air for the republic of Brazil. He religious opinions. The beneficiaries are
died in St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 24, 1892. admitted between the age of six and ten
Gilpin, Henry Dilwood, lawyer: born years; fed, clothed, and educated; and
in Lancaster, England, April 14, 1801; between the age of fourteen and eighteen
graduated at the University of Pennsyl- are bound out to mechanical, agricultural,
vania in 1819; began law practice in or commercial occupations. At the end
Philadelphia in 1822; was Attorney-Gen- of 1900 the college reported sixty-seven
eral of the United States in 1840-41. His professors and instructors; 1,731 students,
publications include Reports of Cases in 16,800 volumes in the library, 4,754 grad-
the United States District Court for the uates, and $15,958,293 in productive funds.
Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 1828- A. H. Fetterolf, LL.D., was president.
36; Opinions of the Attorney-Generals of Girard College. See Giraed, Stephen.
the United States, from the Beginning of Girty, Simon, partisan; born in Penn-
the Government to 18^1. He also edited sylvania about 1750; was a spy for the
The Papers of James Madison. He died British at Port Pitt in 1774. When the
in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 29, 1860. Revolutionary War broke out he became a
Girard, Stephen, philanthropist; born leader of the Indians and took part in
near Bordeaux, France, May 24, 1750; numerous atrocities. In 1778 he went to
engaged in the merchant service in early Detroit, inciting the Indians on the way
life; established himself in mercantile to hostility against the United States,
business in Philadelphia in 1769, and He was present when Col. William Craw-
traded to the West Indies until the be- ford (q. v.) was tortured to death by the
ginning of the Revolutionary War. Re- savages, and it is alleged that he mani-
suming his West India trade after the fested joy in Crawford's agony. In 1791
war, he accumulated a large fortune; but he was present at the defeat of Gen.
the foundation of his great wealth was Arthur St. Clair, and while Gen. William
laid by events of the negro insurrection Butler lay wounded he ordered an Indian
in Santo Domingo. Two of his vessels to kill and scalp him. He also took up
being there, planters placed their effects the cause of the British in the War of
on board of them, but lost their lives in 1812. He died in Canada about 1815.
the massacre that ensued The property
of owners that could not be found was
left in Girard's possession. In 1812 he
bought the building and much of the stock
of the old United States Bank, and began
business as a private banker. He amassed
a large fortune, and at his death, in Phil-
adelphia. Dec. 26, 1831, left property
valued at almost $9,000,000. Besides
large bequests to public institutions, he
gave to Philadelphia $500,000 for the im-
provement of the city. His most note-
worthy gift was $2,000,000 and a plot of
ground in Philadelphia for the erection
and support of a college for orphans,
which was opened Jan. 1, 1848. In it as
many poor white orphan boys as the en-
dowment will support are admitted. By
a provision of the will of the founder, no
ecclesiastic, missionary, or minister of any
sect whatever is to hold any connection
with the college, or be admitted to the
premises as a visitor; but the officers of
the institution are required to instruct
the pupils in ihe purest principles of
HORDBOAI OI9T.
Gist, Mordecai, military officer; bora
in Baltimore, Md., in 1743; was captaia
84
GLADDEN— GLENDALE
of the first troops raised in Maryland at
the breaking out of the Revolution; was
made major of Smallwood's regiment in
1776; and commanded it at the battle of
Long Island. Promoted to colonel in
1777, ant brigadier-general early in 1779,
he did good service throughout the war,
saving the remnant of the army after
Gates's defeat, and being present at the
surrender of Cornwallis. He died in
Charleston, S. C, Sept. 2, 1792.
Gladden, Washington, clergyman;
born at Pottsgrove, Pa., Feb. 11, 1836;
Gleig, Geouge Robert, author; born In
Stirling, Scotland, April 20, 1796; was
educated at Glasgow and Baliol College.
His publications include Campaigns of
Washington and New Orleans, etc. He
died in Berkshire, England, July 11,
1888.
Glendale, or Frazier's Farm, Battle
of. There was a sharp contest at White
Oak Swamp Bridge on the morning of
June 30, 1862, after the Army of the Po-
tomac had passed on its way to the James
River. General Franklin had been left
l'TLE OF GLENDALE, OR FRAZIER S FARM.
ordained in 18G0; connected with the In-
dependent as editor, 1871-75, and Sunday
Afternoon, 1875-82. He has been a suc-
with a rear-guard to protect the passage
of the bridge and to cover the withdrawal
of the wagon-trains at that point. The
cessful lecturer and writer for many Confederate pursuers, in two columns
years. See Protestantism in the Unit-
ed States.
Glass. The oldest bottle glass man-
ufactory in the United States was estab-
lished at Glassboro, N. J., in 1775; a cut-
glass manufactory was established at
White's Mill, Pa., in 1852. To-day the
were checked by the destruction of the
bridges. Jackson, at noon, was met at
the site of the destroyed bridge by the
troops of Smith, Richardson, and Nablee,
and the batteries of Ayres and Hazard,
who kept him at bay during the day and
evening. Hazard was mortally wounded,
United States manufactures more glass of and his force was cut up, but Ayres kept
almost every variety than any country in up a cannonade with great spirit. Dur-
the world. ing the night the Nationals retired, leav-
85
GLENDALE— GLYNN
mg 350 sick and wounded behind, and was in a strong position on Malvern Hill,
some disabled guns. At the same time a about 18 miles from Richmond,
sharp battle had been going on at Glen- Glendy, John, clergyman; born in Lon
dale, or Nelson's, or Frazier's Farm, about douderry, Ireland, June 24, 1755; edw-
2 miles iistant. cated at the University of Glasgow; came
Near Willis's Church General McCall's to the United States in 1799, and settled
division was posted in reserve, General in Norfolk, Va.; was chaplain of the
Meade's division on the right, Seymour's House of Representatives in 1815-16. He
on the left, and that of Reynolds (who was the author of Oration in Commemora-
was a prisoner) under Col. S. G. Sim- tion of Washington. He died in Phila-
mons. The artillery was all in front of delphia, Pa., Oct. 4, 1832.
the line. Sumner was some distance to Glenn, James, colonial governor; was
the left, with Sedgwick's division; Hooker governor of South Carolina in 1744-55;
was at Sumner's 'eft; and Kearny was made a treaty with the Cherokee Indians
at the right of McCall. Longstreet and by which a large piece of territory was
Hill had tried to intercept McClellan's ceded to the British government. He was
army there, but were too late, and found the author of A Description of South
themselves confronted by these Nationals. Carolina.
General Lee and Jefferson Davis were with Glisson, Oliver S., naval officer ; born
Longstreet. The Confederates waited for in Ohio in 1809; entered the navy in 1826;
Magruder to come up, and it was between in 1862 was commander of the Mount
three and four o'clock in the afternoon be- Vernon, which rescued the transport Mis-
fore they began an attack. Longstreet sissippi, on which were General Butler
then fell heavily upon McCall's Pennsyl- and 1,500 men. This vessel had grounded
vania reserves, 6,000 strong. He was re- on the Frying-Pan Shoals, off North Caro-
pulsed by four regiments, led by Colonel lina, while on the way to New Orleans.
Simmons, who captured 200 of his men He was promoted rear-admiral in 1870;
and drove them back to the woods. Then retired in 1871. He died in Philadelphia,
the fugitives turned, and, by a murder- Pa., Nov. 20, 1890.
ous fire, made the pursuers recoil and flee Glover, John, military officer; born in
to the forest. In that encounter the Salem, Mass., Nov. 5, 1732; at the begin-
slaughter was dreadful. ning of the Revolution raised 1,000 men
The first struggle was quickly followed at Marblehead and joined the army at
by others. The contending lines swayed Cambridge. His regiment, being coin-
in charges and counter-charges for two posed almost wholly of fishermen, was
hours. The Confederates tried to break called the " Amphibious Regiment," and
the National line. Finally General in the retreat from Long Island it manned
Meagher appeared with his Irish brigade, the boats. It also manned the boats at
and made such a desperate charge across the crossing of the Delaware before the
an open field that the Confederates were victory at Trenton. Glover was made
driven to the woods. Then Randall's bat- brigadier-general in February, 1777, and
tery was captured by the Confederates, joined the Northern army under General
when McCall and Meade fought desperate- Schuyler. He did good service in the cam-
ly for the recovery of the guns and carried paign of that year, and led Burgoyne's
them back. Meade had been severely captive troops to Cambridge. He was
wounded. Just at dark McCall was capt- afterwards with Greene in New Jersey,
ured, and the command devolved on Sey- and Sullivan in Rhode Island. He died in
mour. Very soon afterwards troops of Marblehead, Jan. 30, 1797.
Hooker and Kearny came to help the re- Glynn, James, naval officer; born about
serves, the Confederates were driven to 1800; joined the navy in March, 1815;
the woods, and the battle at Glendale served in the Mexican War. In June,
ended. Before dawn the next morning 1846, eighteen Americans were wrecked
the National troops were all silently with- in Yeddo and made prisoners in Nagasaki,
drawn; and early the next day the Army Japan. Later Glynn, in command of the
of the Potomac, united for the first time P«cble, ran within a mile of Nagasaki, and
since the Chickahominy first divided it, through the urgency of his demand
96
GMEINEIt— GOFFE
secured the release of all ' the seamen.
This success led Glynn to propose that the
United States attempt to open trade with
Japan by diplomacy. The plan was suc-
cessfully carried out by Commodore
Perry. Glynn was promoted captain in
1855. He died May 13. 1871.
Gmeiner, John, clergyman; born in
Baernan, Bavaria, Dec. 5, 1847; came to
the United States in 1849; was ordained
a Roman Catholic priest in 1870; became
professor of ecclesiastical history and
homiletics in the Seminary of St. Francis
of Sales, Milwaukee, in 1876. His publica-
tions include The Church and the Various
Nationalities of the United States, etc.
Gobin, John Peter Shindel, lawyer;
born in Sunbury, Pa., Jan. 26, 1837; be-
came a brevet brigadier-general in the
Civil War; brigadier-general of United
States volunteers in the war against
Spain (1898) ; lieutenant-governor of
Pennsylvania in 1898; commander of the
National Guard of Pennsylvania during
the coal strike of 1902; State Senator
since 1884; and commander-in-chief G. A.
R. in 1897-98.
Godfrey, Thomas, inventor; born in
Bristol, Pa., in 1704; was by trade a
glazier, and became a self-taught mathe-
matician. In 1730 he communicated to
James Logan, who had befriended him,
an improvement on Davis's quadrant. In
May, 1742, Logan addressed a letter to
Dr. Edmund Hadley, in England, describ-
ing fully Godfrey's instrument. Hadley
did not notice it, when Logan sent a copy
of this letter to Hadley, together with
Godfrey's account of his inventions, to a
friend, to be placed before the Royal So-
ciety. Hadley. the vice-president, had
presented a paper, a year before, describ-
ing a reflecting-quadrant like Godfrey's.
They both seem to have hit upon the same
invention; and the society, deciding that
both were entitled to the honor, sent God-
frey household furniture of the value of
$1,000. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., in
December, 1749.
Godkin, Edwin Lawrence, journalist;
born in Ireland, Oct. 2. 1831; graduated
at Queen's College, Belfast, in 1851 ; was
the first editor of the Nation, which was
merged with the New York Evening Post
in 1882, which he also edited till 1899.
He is the author of Problems of Democ-
racy : Unforeseen Tendencies of Democ-
racy ; Reflections and Comments, etc. He
died in Brixham, England, May 20, 1902.
See Newspapers.
God Save the King (or Queen),
the national hymn of Great Britain; sup-
posed to have been written early in the
eighteenth century as a Jacobite song,
and the air has been, by some, attributed
to Handel. It was sung with as much
unction in the English-American colonies'
as in England. The air did not originate
with Handel in the reign of George I., for
it existed in the reign of Louis XIV. of
France. Even the words are almost a
literal translation of a canticle which was
sung by the maidens of St. Cyr whenever
King Louis entered the chapel of that
establishment to hear the morning prayer.
The author of the words was De Brinon,
and the music was by the eminent Lulli
The following is a copy of the words:
*• Grand Dieu sauve 'le Roi !
Grand Dieu venge le Roi !
Vive le Roi !
Que toujouis glorieux,
Louis victorieux !
Voye ses ennemis
Toujours sonmis !
Grand Dieu sauve le Roi i
Grand Dieu sauve le Roi !
Vive le Roi !"
Other authorities credit Henry Carey witfe
the authorship of both words and music
of the English hymn. The music of My
Country, 'tis of Thee (words by Rev. S. F.
Smith, D.D., q. v.), is the same as that
of God Save the King.
Godwin, Parke, author; born in Pater-
son, N. J., Feb. 25, 1816; graduated at
Princeton in 1834; one of the editors of
the New York Evening Post from 1836
to 1S86. Among his works are Pa-ciftc
and Constructive Democracy ; Dictionary
â– jf Biography ; Political Essays; etc. He
died in New York, Jan. 7. 1904.
Goff, Nathan, statesman; born in
Clarksburg, \V. Va., Oct. 9, 1843; enlisted
in the National army in 1861; Secretary
of the Navy in 1881 ; member of Congress.
1883-89.
Goffe, William, regicide; born in Eng-
land about 1605; son of a Puritan cler-
gyman. With his father-in-law, GeneraJ
Whalley, he arrived in Boston in the sum-
mer of 1660. and shared his fortunes iff
87
GOIOGWEN— GOLDEN HILL
America, becoming a major-general in