of Heat and Frost Insulators, Local No. 65; Automo-
bile Workers of America, International Union United,
Local No. 21959; Barbers' International Union, Jour-
neymen, Local No. 734; Boilermakers, Iron Ship Build-
ers and Helpers of America, International Brother-
hood of Local No. 295; Bookbinders, International
Brotherhood of Local No. 203; Brewery, Flour, Cereal
and Soft Drink Workers of America, International
Union of United Local No. 216; Bricklayers', Masons'
and Plasterers' International Union of America, Local
No. 16; Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Work-
ers, International Association of Local No. 72; Bakery
and Confectionery Workers' International Union No.
492; Bakery and Confectionery Workers' Union No. 6;
Carpenters and Joiners of America, United Brother-
hood of Local No. 191; Cement, Lime and Gypsum
Workers' International Union United Local No. 179;
Cigarmakers' International Union of America, Local
No. 242; Clerks, Brotherhood of Railway and Steam-
ship and Freight Handlers, Local No. 676; Clerks, In-
ternational Protective Association Retail, Local No.
1436; Clerks, National Federation of Post-Office, Lo-
cal No. 1244; Electrical Workers of America, Interna-
tional Brotherhood of Local No. 229; Electrical Work-
ers of America, International Brotherhood of Local
No. 1261; Enginemen, Brotherhood of Locomotive
Firemen and Local No. 214; Engineers, International
Union Operating Engineers, Local Union No. 831;
Firemen and Oilers, International Brotherhood of
Local No. 138; Garment Workers' Union, Inter-
national Ladies' Local No. 108; Garment Workers'
Union, International Ladies' Local No. 316; Hodcar-
riers'. Building and Common Laborers' Union, Local
No. 1167; Hotel and Restaurant Employees' Interna-
tional Alliance and Bartenders' International League
of America, Local No. 737; Letter Carriers', National
Association of Local No. 509; Machinists' InteVnational
Association of Local No. 243; Machinists' Interna-
tional Association of Local No. 1400; Machinists' Inter-
national Association of Local No. 1462; Maintenance
of Way Employees, Brotherhood of Local No. 3024;
Marble, Slate and Stone Polishers', Rubbers' and
Sawyers', Tile and Marble Setters' Helpers' and Ter-
razzo Helpers', International Association of Local No.
147; Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North
America, Amalgamated Local No. 469; Metal Work-
ers' International Association Sheet, Local No. 19;
Moulders' Union of North America, International Lo-
cal No. 33; Moulders' Union of North America Inter-
national, Local No. 239; Musicians' American Fed-
eration of Local No. 472; Painters, Decorators and
Paperhangers of America, Brotherhood of Local No.
227; Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of Amer-
ica, Brotherhood of Local No. 332; Papermakers' In-
ternational Brotherhood of Local No. 449; Pattern-
makers' Association of York and Vicinity; Plasterers'
International Association of the United States and
Yortfowne Homes, a Federal low-cost rental development.
Elm Terrace Apartments.
104
A number of York's attractive homes.
inc
Canada, Operative Local No. 107; Plumbers and
Steam Fitters of the United States and Canada,
United Association of Local No. 555; Printing Press-
men's Union of North America, International Local
No. 329; Railway and Motor Coach Employees of
America, Amalgamated Association of Street and
Electric Local No. 858; Roofers', Damp and Water-
proof Workers' Association United Slate, Tile and
Composition, Local No. 207; Shop Crafts, Brotherhood
of Railroad, Local No. 12; Stage Employees and Mov-
ing-Picture Machine Operators of the United States
and Canada, International Alliance of Theatrical,
Local No. B118; Stage Employees and Moving-Pic-
ture Machine Operators of the United States and
Canada, International Alliance of Theatrical, Local
No. 283; State, County and Municipal Employees,
American Federation of Local No. 300; Stereotypers'
and Electrotypers' Union of North America, Interna-
tional Local No. 108; Fire Fighters', International
Association of Local No. 627; Teamsters, Chauffeurs,
Warehousemen and Helpers of America, Interna-
tional Brotherhood of Local No. 430; Textile Workers
of America, United, Local No. 2646; Tobacco Workers'
International Union, Local No. 81; Typographical
Union, International Local No. 242; Typographical
Union, International Ladies' Auxiliary; Wallpaper
Craftsmen and Workers of North America, United
Workers' Local No. 1; Wallpaper Craftsmen and
Workers of North America, United Print Cutters' Lo-
cal No. 5; Wallpaper Craftsmen and Workers of
North America, United Machinery Printers and Color
Mixers, Local No. 6.
The Cigar Makers were the first to organize in
1885. They were followed by the Carpenters and
Joiners in 1886 and the Bricklayers, Masons, and
Plasterers in 1899. The Building and Construction
Trades' Council occupies its own modern building
at 124 South Pershing Avenue.
Labor has responded generously to all the govern-
ment's wartime appeals, not only on the production
line, but also in bond buying, donation of blood
plasma, clothing collection. Red Cross and War
Fund drives.
COMMITTEE FOR INDUSTRIAL
ORGANIZATION
The C. I. O. has 15,000 members in York among
its several affiliated unions. The largest group is the
United Steel Workers with a membership of 9,000.
Others are the United Radio, Electrical and Machine
Workers of America; United Furniture Workers of
America; United Textile Workers; Allied Stone and
Quarry Workers; United Office and Professional
Workers; the Agricultural Canning Workers; and
several local industrial unions affiliated directly with
the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
The Local Industrial Union, No. 1335, composed of
roofing workers, while not a member of C. I. O., is
allied with the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
The C. I. O. in York carries on the program of the
national organization through collective bargaining.
Wage adjustments, standard work-week, vacations,
apprenticeship standards, sick benefits, and over-
time pay are agreed upon by union representatives
and employers.
The C. I. O. stands ready to assist veterans of the
armed forces and maritime service in obtaining the
employment benefits due to them under Federal
legislation.
Both War and Community Welfare Drives have re-
ceived active support of C. I. O. A ten per cent pay-
roll deduction for bonds is standard throughout the
Union. Through union representatives who went into
the plants and explained to the workers the impor-
tance of the Community Chest, labor has adopted a
payroll deduction of 2 of \% and gained ten seats
on the Welfare Board. In addition to this, the C. I. O.
has purchased several pieces of water therapy
equipment for the Visiting Nurses' Association.
The statements of historical facf in the foregoing secfion have been carefully examined and
discussed at length with the author by a special committee of The Historical Society of York
County. The committee recognizes (he extensive research that was required of the author and
believes that she has achieved a work tree from error, and welcomes it as a valuable contri-
bution to the literature of our local history.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
THIS is the book of the people of York. Many have given gen-
erously of their time and of their specialized knowledge, the
results of years of research, to make this book possible. The
author is indebted to the library of the York Collegiate Insti-
tute, the Historical Society of York County and the Martin
Memorial Library, and for information on the following sub-
jects to the following people: Agriculture, George G. Weber;
Authors, Staff of the Martin Library; Banking, George L.
Sprenkel; City Government, Mayor John L. Snyder; Civil Air
Patrol, Oscar L. Hostetter; General Jacob L. Devers, Catherine
Devers; Flood Control, Benjamin E. Sweigart; Gazette and
Daily, Josiah Gitt; Markets, L. Elmer Leas; Motor Truck Trans-
portation, J. Frank Baird; Pennsylvania Rifle, Joe Kindig, Jr.;
Pennsylvania State Guard, Lieutenant Charles Spongier; Police
Department, Chief Nelson Schultz; Public Schools, Dr. Arthur
W. Ferguson; Refrigeration, Goodling Electric Company; Rabbi
Alexander Goode, Joseph Sperling; Sports, Robert Reichley;
Teen-Agers' Club, George S. Andes; Tobacco Industry, Com-
missioner of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department, Greens-
boro, North Carolina; Telegraph, Oliver S. S wisher; World
War II, Vernon D. Heilman; York Airport, Oscar L. Hostetter;
York as a clock-making center, Mrs. Ralph Cannon; York
County Academy, George Hay Kain; YorJc Dispatch, E. B. Wil-
liamson; York Inter-State Fair, Samuel S. Lewis; York Little
Theatre, Inc., Officer Robert L. Geesey; to E. A. Hirschman, and
to the officers and members of the clubs and other organiza-
tions represented and to many, many others.
THE ILLUSTRATIONS ALSO REPRESENT MANY SOURCES
THANKS are especially due to Daniel S. Seitz who permitted the
use of many of his photographs and took the market pictures
especially for this book; also to A. A. Bosshart, the Boy Scouts
of the York-Adams Area, the Girl Scouts, Catholic Charities,
Dr. Arthur W. Ferguson, Gretchen Goughnour, Historical So-
ciety of York County, Joe Kindig, Jr., Norman Kitchen, Laux-
mont Farms, Guy A. Leader Poultry Farms, Pennsylvania State
Police, Recreation Commission of York, Robertson Farms, Mar-
garet M. Small, Ethel Stum, H. C. Ulmer, York Collegiate Insti-
tute York County Academy, York Soil Conservation District,
York Water Company, Young Women's Christian Association,
officers of the various clubs and organizations represented and
many, many others.
106
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1 OS
Industrial and Commercial
YORK
York's development and growth rest
upon its industrial and commercial enter-
prises It is fitting, therefore, that this
volume include the individual histories of
typical business institutions The puJb-
lication of this book has been made possi-
ble by the financial assistance of the firms
hereinafter mentioned.
I. B. ABEL-SON
Electrical Contractors
In the Fall of 1913 a partnership was formed be-
tween I. B. Abel, father, and Norman E. Abel, the
son, as a retailer of electrical appliances and elec-