is approached by a lych-gate.
Sir James Picton told his hearers it was very diflRcult to say any-
thing about the church, for everything was so extremely renovated
and renewed with modern work that it was impossible to tell wdiiuh
was old and which was new. It appeared to him that the church ori-
ginally consisted of tlie nave and chancel, which were in accordance
with the Norman period ; and that afterwards, when an aisle was
added, there was a double roof. The roof which now covered the whole
was, no doubt, of later date, as a properly single constructed roof
would not require the middle wall to support it. Before concluding,
he called attention to several details, and much attention was bestowed
upon an unusually large Norman horseshoe-arch with a roundlc over
the opening in the centre,
Clapham Church was reached after another drive, but in conse-
quence of the late hour only a brief stay was made. This edifice,
which was restored about twelve years since, is probably a Norman
church, and in its main features is of the Early English type. The
Rev. Mr. Barwell read a short description furnished by the late
Sir Gilbert Scott, who had charge of the restorative work, and was
warndy thanked for his courtesy.
West Tarring Church was the last halting-place. The party pro-
ceeded by way of Salviugtou, where a glance of the house in which
PPvOCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS. 103
John SolJen, the liistoriaii, was born, was obtained. A few minutes
only could be spared for tlio inspection of the church ; but Mr. E. P.
Loftus J3rock <^ave particulars with refi;ard to its date and construc-
tion, pointing out the clerestory, which is unusual iu churches in
Sussex, and the marble mosaics of modern insertion.
The return to Brighton was made via Worthing.
At the evening meeting Mr. Thos. Morgan, F.S.A., Hon. Treasure?',
again occupied the chair, and in opening the meeting remarked that
those who had been out that day with the Association would agree
with him that it had been most interesting. He would not detain
them by giving them an account of what they had seen ; but he
might mention that they had had the privilege of viewing some of the
most interesting churches, perhaps, not only in Sussex, but in the
whole of England. To Sompting Church, and also to the most inte-
resting edifice at Broadwater, he referred particularly. However, it
was not for him to enter into details ; but he could not help saying
how profitable had been their survey of the great camp at Cissbury,
which was more like a village than a camp, so extensive was it. The
encampment was exceedingly well explained by Mr. Walter Myers,
r.S.A., and by Mr. Ernest Willett, F.S.A,, the latter gentleman taking
great pains to point out the parts described so ably by him at their
meeting the previous evening. Without delay he would now call upon
Dr. Hannah to read his paper on the "Font of St. Nicholas' Church."
Archdeacon Hannah then read his paper (printed at pp. 26-34).
In the discussion which ensued, Mr. J. Brown, Q.C., and Mr. W.
Winckley, F.S.A., took part.
Archdeacon Hannah read a letter from the Rev. G. F. Browne, B. D.,
F.S. A., of Cambridge University, explaining a rubbing of a font at Grira-
ston, Yorkshire, which was suspended on the wall of the room. The let-
ter stated : " The twelve Apostles are there, and Judas must be found
in one of the two crowded in at the end of the table, on Our Lord's
right, or iu the second figure on Our Lord's left, which is the only one
of whose hands you do not see both. Observe the top of the left arm
of Our Lord's chair, and the footstool, also the unused knife and the
uncut cake. The dishes will recall your Brighton font dishes. The
fish have their species marked by the two dorsal fins, clearly shown iu
every case. The drinking-vessels deserve attention and comparison
with those on the Brighton table. Why two of the Apostles are cut
short below, and made to have a raised ground-line, I cannot see. The
crucifixion is, 1 am assured, unique in its details. In the Virgin Mary
and St. John taking down the body, notice that the Virgin props her
left elbow with her right hand, and her right elbow on her hip. There
is a Murillo at Seville, 'Jesus on the Cross', embracing St. Francis,
where the hands of St. Francis are placed very much indeed as St.
104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS.
Jolin's are ; but he is on tbe other side, and the right arm of Our
Lord hangs down, as here, and embraces St. Francis' shoulder. Finally
there is the patron Saint of the church, a very fine figure. Notice his
stole, with the square, fringed ends. Study him well, as in private
duty bound, and all respect to him, for there is the honne bonche,—he
is St. Nicholas." After this, no apology for the presence of the Grim-
ston font is needed.
Mr. W. de G. Birch, F.S.A., Hon. Sec, said the Yen. Archdeacon
Hannah had made some allusions to some sculpture now let into the
south wall of the south aisle of the choir at Chichester. They all had
the opportunity of inspecting them during their visit the previous
day. He believed the Yen. Archdeacon said he thought they might
have been removed from the Cathedral at Selsea, when it was denuded
of its ecclesiastical stuius, to Chichester. The date of these sculptures
seemed to him to throw them more into the commencement of the
twelfth century than the end of the eleventh, as the year 1080 or 1075
was that when Chichester was first established. Judging from the
pictures one saw in MSS. of the twelfth century, these sculptures
appeared to represent exactly the style of art which was found in MSS.
illustrated with pictures of that time. The softness of the stone of
which they were composed seemed to point to this, viz., that some steps
should be taken towards the preservation of them from the fingers of
those who visited them ; and he should certainly recommend a glass
front to be put in, as had been done in the case of the Assyrian bas-
reliefs at the British Museum. If this were done, they would last for
a far longer time than in their present condition. There was some mis-
take in the present arrangement of the sculptures, for it appeared as if
there were two Lazaruses in the second sculpture instead of one. In
accepting Archdeacon Hannah's description of the Brighton font (and
he thanked him heartily for it, and hoped it would be printed in their
Journal), he did not feel altogether convinced as to the small panel
which had been explained as a ceremony of marriage. He would ask
why it should be attributed to the endowment of the bride with the
whole worldly goods of the bridegroom. Although on the day of the
marriage she was, no doubt, endowed with the whole of the property
of the bridegroom, that was entirely an ecclesiastical notion of the
rights of the bride in the property of the bridegroom ; and she found,
when she became a widow, she could only take a third of it. He would
like to ask the Yen. Archdeacon when that formula of endowment came
into the Church services. Did it come in at the date they must attribute
to the font, some time in the twelfth century ? If it did not, the whole
thing fell to the ground. It seemed to him marriage would have been
represented in a more conventional way. They had the conventional
Lord's Supper, the baptism of Our Lord, and the miracle in the ship.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONCiRESS. 105
]{iit, tlioy had not tlie conventional representation of maningc, where
tliey undoubtedly would have au ecclesiastical person presiding over
the marriage, with the two parties being married ; which occurred fre-
quently, he believed, in art as well. He accepted with some difficulty
and reservation the explanation which had been offered, and th(jught
the solution of the subject would be found in the careful study of the
life of St, Nicholas. The study of that Saint's life had already yielded
a solution in the case of the ship. He thought if the Ven, Ai'chdeacon
Hannah would study the life of St. Nicholas in the Acta Sanctorum for
the Saint's day, he would find some reference to a portion of the life
of tlie Saint wliich would be elucidated by that sculpture.
After a few remarks from the Chairman, Mr. J. Brown, Q.C., said
he would like to couHrm J\Ir. Birch's remarks, as far as he could, with
reference to the marriage picture. It was quite certain that up to the
twelfth century there was no endowment of the wife with the worldly
goods of the husband. The worldly goods then referred to the land,
what we now call "chattels" being worth nothing. He agreed with
Mr. Birch in thinking it very unlikely that the two figures referred to
the marriage ceremony. Had the saint been St. Valentine, and not
St. Nicholas, he would have had nothing more to say on the matter.
The Ven. Archdeacon Hannah, on being called upon to reply, said
he quite agreed with the suggestions made as to the so-called Selsea
sculptures. They were in a state of such good preservation, considering
the comparative softness of the material, that they had evidently been
closed up at some time, perhaps when the Parliamentary forces were
making themselves so happy in Chichester, banging the organ to pieces,
and so on. They were very archaic, and might have been removed from
Selsea ; and he mentioned them as an instance of the facility with
which articles could be removed from one church to another. He
sympathised with Mr. Birch's remarks as to the mode in which the
preservation of the sculptures might be extended over a longer time,
but was powerless to carry those suggestions into effect. The proper
persons to whom those admirable remarks should have been addressed
were the Dean and Chapter of Chichester, whom they had visited the
previous day. With regard to the suggested marriage-scene, it had
been made by some to refer to some portion of the worship of the false
Diana, which filled so large a place in the legends of St. Nicholas, in
The Gulden Le.ijend^ and other works. He had studied all the St. Nicho-
las legends with as much care as possible, but he could not discover a
single one in which there would be the pi'ccise figures shown in this
particular representation. If compelled to go into the matter a littlo
moie fully, he should not like to be so fanciful as to say St. Nicholas
had more to do with mai-riage than St. Valentine, because the whole
story of St. Nicholas turned round the endowment by him of the three
] OG PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS.
maidens with purses in bis youth, showing him to bo a sort of patron
saint to those in distress. Then, again, there was the curious object
that the bridegroom held in his hand. This might be a purse; and,
indeed, in the St. Nicholas legend, the purse played an important part.
It was possible, therefore, that the bride might have handed back this
purse to her intended husband, and he might be simply holding it.
That, however, he could not tell them. Coming to the head-dress, if
they could have discovered anything in the shape of crowns, they
should have been truly rejoiced, because the crowns played an exceed-
ingly important part in the old marriage ceremonies ; but the ball on
the head of the woman was distinctly not a crown. It might be the
hair gathered together in a form usual as part of the ceremony; but
he could not tell, and should decline to say. He had merely repeated
the suggestion he had given in his paper, because it ofTered, or ap-
peared to offer, a solution of the matter. If they could offer a better
solution he should be pleased to hear it. Mr. Birch had stated bis
objections to the theory that he (the speaker) had raised ; but had not
been kind enough to suggest a better solution. He (Mr. Birch) con-
siderately referred them to a sixty-four volume work, and advised them
to hunt through that for something like the figures in question.
The Chairman said he was sure that by acclamation they would
accord their best thanks to the Ven. Archdeacon Hannah for his
lucid descriptions of these fonts. He had given them descriptions not
only of his own font, as he might call it, but also of others, notably
that at Winchester, which was visited by so many people ; and after
the description they had that evening heard, they should understand
a great deal more about fonts than before. Their very best thanks
were due to Archdeacon Hannah for his paper.
The Ven. Archdeacon Hannah said, of course they would accord
their thanks to his friend, the Rev. G. F. Browne, for his kindness in
sending the drawing from Yorkshire, which had added to the interest
of their consideration of the subject.
Dr. S. Birch, F.S.A., then read a paper on " The Coins of the Britons
in ISussex", which was illustrated by a fine collection of British gold
coins found in Sussex, lent by Mr. E. Willett. The paper has been
already printed at pp. 14-20.
At the conclusion of Dr. Birch's paper, Mr. Willett addressed a few
remarks to the meeting, saying there was a hoard of coins of the Iceui
found at Battle some few years ago ; and it would appear that the
names Verica and Viri, which appeared upon the coins, were similar.
A further short discussion ensued, in which Mr. J. Brown, Q.C.,
]\Ir. Willett, and Dr. Birch took part. The Chairman then said he was
Kure the meeting would all agree with him in expi-essing their warmest
tliaid<s to the gentlemen who had read the papers, and those who had
taken part in the discu.ssions ; after which the meeting terminated.
107
Obituaru.
Lord Waveney.
The "Right Hon. Robert Alexander Shafto Adair, Baron Waveney, of
South l^lmliam, Suffolk, in the peerage of the United Kingdom, and a
Baronet, and F.R.S., who died last month, was, says The Times, "the
eldest son of the late Sir Robert Shafto Adair, first I3aronet, of Flixtou
Hall, Suffolk, by his marriage with Elizabeth Maria, daughter of the
Rev. James Strode of Berkhamstead, Herts., and was born in August
1811. He was a magistrate and Deputy-Lieutenant for Suffolk, and
Lord-Lieutenant of County Antrim, and served as High Sheriff of the
hitter county in 18o3. He was also a magistrate for Norfolk, and
Chairman of the Ipswich Quarter Sessions. He sat in the House of
Commons, in the Liberal interest, as ]\[ember for Cambridge, from
18-47 to 1852, and again from 1854 to 1857. He was raised to the
peerage in 1873. Lord Waveney was Hon. Colonel of the ith Batta-
lion, Royal Irish Rifles ; Hon. Colonel of the 3rd Brigade, Eastern
Division, Royal Artillery ; and a Militia Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty.
He married, in 1836, Theodosia, eldest daughter of the late General
the Hon. Robert Meade, but was left a widower in 1871. In default
of issue, the barony becomes extinct ; but the baronetcy devolves upon
his brother, Mr. Hugh Edward Adair, formerly M.P. for Ipswich, who
was born in 1815, and married, in 1856, his cousin, Harriet Camilla,
eldest daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Adair of Heatherton Park,
Somerset. His high personal character, moderation, wisdom, and
conciliatory disposition, gave him considerable influence in Ulster."
His genial presidency, and kindly reception of the Association at Yar-
mouth and Norwich in 187'J, will be fresh in the minds of many of us.
Mk. Joseph Mayer, F.S.A.,
Died in January, aged eighty-three, a gentleman who was formerly
in business in Liverpool as a goldsmith, but who was well known as a
eiilleetor of antiquities, and as the donor of valuable gifts to the Cor-
poration Museum of Liverpool. " He was", says The Times, " a native
of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, and settled in Liverpool,
where he commenced business as a silversmith and jeweller. While
still pursuing his business with energy and success, ho devoted his
leisure and his fortune to the gathering of antique coins and gems, lie
attained great skill as a numismatist, and the first collection which ho
made (one of ancient Greek coins) he sold to the Ereueh Uovernnient
108 ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIGENCE.
in 1844. Afterwards he devoted his whole efforts to the gathering of
specimeus of Egyptian, Roman, and Etruscan art, of ivory carvings
and Wedgwood ware. These antiquities were originally located in a
house in Colquitt Street, Liverpool, and were thrown open to the pub-
lic inspection ; but when the Free Library and Museum were built
by the late Sir William Brown, Mr. Mayer made a gift of his collection
to the Corporation of Liverpool. It had cost him over £20,000 in
money, and years of diligent research ; and the Mayer Collection now
forms one of the most valuable and instructive sections of the Museum.
In consideration of this munificent gift, Mr. Mayer's statue, by Fon-
tana, was placed in St. George's Hall. He was also a prolific and
authoritative writer on the subjects of his study ; his books on coins,
Egyptian antiquities, and pottery being of high reputation. In the
conduct of his own business as a silversmith he was also enterprising,
and his name is associated with the introduction of electro-plating.
The inventor of that process, Mr. Thomas Spencer, was assisted by
Mr. Mayer in his early experiments ; and the first article ever success-
fally treated by this process, an electro- plated spoon, is included in
the Mayer Collection. He built in Liverpool a free library, which he
stocked with 20,000 volumes of books, and also laid out a park for the
use of the people. Some years ago he retired from business, and spent
his life in quiet, unostentatious efforts to ameliorate the condition of
the people by elevating their tastes, and providing rational recreations
for them."
Antiquarian KntclUcjence.
The late Dr. S. Birch.— llr. W. de Gray Birch, F.S.A., of the British
Museum, has just published a volume oi Biographical Memoirs of Dr.
Kiciinuel Birch, with three portraits, and a bibliographical list of his
principal works. It may be obtained of Mr. Birch or of the publishers,
Messrs. Triibner and Co., Ludgatc Hill. Price os.
Roman Money in China. — The Times of January 28 says : " 2Vt,e North
China Herald reports that in the neighbourhood of Sin Gaufar, the
old capital of the province of Shan-si, a quantity of old Roman money
Las been found. Dr. Bashall, physician to the English Legation,
declares that sixteen of the coins belong to the reigns of Tiberius,
Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, and the Antonines.
Two of them bear the effigies of the Empress Faustina and of Com-
niodus, and one of Aurelian. This vvuuld seem to confirm Ur. Harth's
ANTTQUARTAN INTELLIC4ENCE. 109
theory, whicli lie advocates in his lafoly publiKhefl work, China and the
/iomau Orient, thai there was a regular commercial intercourse between
('liina and the eastern provinces of the Roman empire, known to the
('hinese asTa-tsin. Dr. Harth founds his views altogether on Cliinese
sources and old records.
A. few copies of the Illustrated Eepnrt on Excavations made on the
Site of the Roman Castrum at Lymne, in Kent, having been found at the
printers', they are offered at the original price, B.s. 6d. It forms a
Supplement to The Antiquities of Richborough, Revolver, and Lymne, of
which four copies only remain in the hands of the author, price £1 Is.
each. There are also six copies of the Illustrations of Roman London^
with three extra Plates, at £2 12s. M. each. Application should be
made to the author, C. R. Smith, at Temple Place, Strood, Kent.
Saxon Chapel at I)eerhnrst.~T\ie Rev. G. Butterworth, VIcnr of
Deerhurst, has obtained permission of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
fin- the building to be put in thorough repair by a local committee of
Gloucestershire gentlemen. The Tudor timbered house on the east
will remain, and set off the ancient chapel ; but it is hoped that the
building on the west, with the wing of stables and outhouses at riglit
angles, will be cleared away, so as to leave a good space between them
and the angle of the chapel.
Liturcjies and Offices of the Church for the Use of English Readers, with
a Catalogue of the Remains of the Library of Archbishop Cranmer. By
E. Bdkbidge, M.A., Rector of Backwell, Somerset. (London: G. Bell and
Sons.) — In this work the principal object has been to indicate and ad-
vance the study of the original sources of Church Services, the earliest
forms of Christian worship in the Eastern and Western Churches, and
their development in media3val service-books. This prolific subject
possesses, apart from its religious aspect, much interest for the archiK-
ologist and ecclesiastical antiquary, who may by the perusal of the work
obtain a better knowledge of the dates and aims of the numerous relics
and objects of Church use so frequently laid on our table at evening
meetings. To the student of manuscript service-books, in which very
nearly all the fine arts of illumination and drawing were enwrapped
for several centuries, a general knowledge of the subjects treated so
exhaustively in the work before us is indispensable; and it may,
indeed, be said that without some such knowledge of the services of
the Church as is hereby alTorded, it would be impossible to comprehend
the causes that have led as well to the construction of the cathedrals
and monastic and parochial churches, which have furnished all Societies
like our own with so rich a branch of archaeological research, as to
110 ANTTQUARTAN INTELLIGENCE.
the production of so many MSS. A few years ago, for example, the
controversy which centred round the Athanasian Creed was practically
decided by the palgeographers, and the occurrence of a very early text
of that Creed in a Psalter formerly in the Cottonian Library emphasised
the importance of studying Liturgical MSS. Again, the recent acquisi-
tion of a typical set of ancient Mozarabic service-bnoks by the British
Museum has enabled the author to record some interesting points.
Hence the value of the work, which is compendiously and lucidly
arranged, and by its modest dimensions not likely to dishearten the
reader with the immensity of the subject ; and Mr. Burbidge may be
congratulated for having so successfully carried out a literary labour
in which, to a material degree, he is a pioneer.
The part taken by Cranmer in the revision of our English services
naturally explains the interest shown by the author in investigating
the formation of the Archbishop's library, which was very representa-
tive in its day ; and its existence in a scattered form, at the present
time, has been carefully traced. Not long ago our Associate, Mr.
W. Wilding, of Montgomery, gave us an account of the library of the
Herberts, which proved attractive to many outside the range of our
Association as well as to our own members. In the same way au
account of the library of a man who played a vitally important part in
the development of the Church of England deserves the attention of
us all.
New Series of County Histories : Tl), A History ofNorfnIlc, by Walter
Eye; 1885. (2),^ History of Devonshire, by R. N. Worth, F.G.S.,
etc. ; 1886. (London : E. Stock.) — The age of ponderous folio county
histories seems to have entirely passed away, and although the surviv-
ing copies of these great books command high prices, no one has ever
dreamed of reprinting them as they are, or of producing new histories
to match them ; but the increased desire for knowledge, which marks
these concluding years of the nineteenth century, has created a demand
for a lighter class of county history, which has been in the two volumes
before us admirably carried out. They form readable and, in the
main, trustworthy and comprehensive descriptions of the respective
counties of which they undertake to treat ; and at the same time in no
â– way prevent or supersede the information, both topographical and
"•enealogical, which is contained in the works on which they are
founded. From their size it is manifest that they are not exhaustive ;
but there is contained in them a vast amount of information, much of
which cannot fail to be new and attractive even to the veteran admirer
of the old-fashioned folios and quartos. The publisher, in his pro-
spectus, very justly remarks that —
"The interest which English i-eadcrs have always taken in the in-
ANTIQUARIAN TNTELfJCIENCE. ' 111
loninl liisfovy of their own country is Avcll known, and is evidence of
fi lioaltliy desire to obtain knowledge concerning their own land and.
its condition and progress in bygone times. This eagerness has been
evidenced at intervals by the successful publication of local and county
histories of greater or less excellence from early times to the present
day. The history of any one county, beyond its more direct relation
with the national life, is full of important elements peculiar to itself,