oppida had ceased to be used for residence in times of warfare, and he
gave instances of their use occasionally by the Romans, not for military
purposes, but for residence ; and he especially instanced the remarkable
oppidum near Dorchester, called Maiden Castle, admirably described
and illustrated in Mr. C. Warne's Ancient Dorset, the best work for the
study of British oppida.
After Mr. C. Roach Smith's observations Sir James Picton said he
considered, from the peculiar form of the oppid^im, that it showed
Roman influence.
This Mr. Roach Smith doubted, remarking on the state of the south
of Britain under the Romans.
Mr. J. H. Round, referring to Mr. Morgan's paper, made some ob-
servations on that portion of it in which terraces exist on the sides of
fortified hills; he quoted classical authority in support of his view of
this origin being agricultural.
Mr. Roach Smith agreed with Mr. Round, remarking that the high
grounds were occupied before the low lands, and to this day showed
traces of tillage.
When Wolstanbury Hill had been descended the conveyances were
again taken, and a journey to HoUingbury Hill commenced.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE (CONGRESS. 217
While on their excursion to Hollingbury Hill, or, as some writers
describe it, " Hollingsbury" (the camp of the Hollings), the members
accepted an invitation to visit Hollingbury Copse, the residence of
Mr. J. 0. Halliu-ell-Phillipps, LL.D., V.P., F.R.S.
For an interesting description of the objects which Mr. Halliwell-
Phiilipps exhibited, the reader should refer to pp. 173-84.
At the conclusion of luncheon, " tbe health of Mr. and Mrs. Halli-
well-Phillipps" was heartily drunk, Mr. George R. Wright remarking
that they were especially indebted to Mrs. Halliwell-Pliillipps, who had
at a day or two's notice converted her drawing-room into a luncheon-
room, simply to aflford accommodation and pleasure to the members of
the Association.
After luncheon the Shakespearean rareties were inspected with great
pleasure, many of the visitors lingering long and regretting that they
were unable to spend considerably more time in the work of inspection.
Towards half- past four o'clock, when the guests had assembled
together, Mr. Thomas Morgan, V.P., F.S.A., Ho7i. Treasurer, moved a
cordial vote of thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Halliwell-Phillipps for their kind
hospitality and the valued invitation to inspect the treasures which had
been seen during the afternoon. He remai'ked that the Association
had been visiting old camps and ancient habitations, but it was not
until that day that the members had found the house of a real British
chief. On behalf of those present he expressed gratitude for the cordial
reception and great hospitality which had been extended to them,
especially thanking Mrs. Halliwell-Phillipps for the active part she
had taken in the arrangements for their convenience and comfort.
Mr. C. Roach Smith, V.P., F.S.A., who seconded Mr. Morgan, said
this privilege was the happy termination of a most agreeable week, a
week replete with intellectual and social enjoyments, supplemented by
kind attentions shown to himself. Surrounded by friends, some of
whom called up recollections of the foundation and early years of the
Association, received with friendly hospitality by one of his earliest
antiquarian colleagues, on this marked occasion he could but be deeply
impressed by a mixed train of feelings, regrets for the departed,
gratitude for the living. In seconding the vote of thanks to their host
for his hospitable reception, for the extraordinary and rich intellectual
feast, and for the sumptuous and elegant refection which followed
their morning's labours, he included also the lady of the house, the
vxor plac^ns, Mrs. Halliwell-Phillipps, What they had this day seen,
admired, and wondered at was only a small portion of the labours of
Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps; his life had been devoted and sacrificed to
Shakespeare, and now he had become the greatest exponent and
illustrator of our greatest man. He must have been born for his
mighty task. As the musician was born a musician, as a poet was born
16'
218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS.
a poet, and as an actor was born an actor, so Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps
must have been born with that peculiar genius which had enabled him
to accomplish so much. When he retired to the secluded and charm-
ing place which they wore enjoying, he had some idea that it would
be the terminus of his Shakespearean studies. He (the speaker)
thought so ; and said to him, " Shakespeare will one day give you up ;
but you will never leave him"; and so it had proved. After a life of
incessant labour in the great city where the great dramatist played
more than one part on the stage of life, Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps repaired
to Nature, and here they find him, like Antceus, toviching his mother
earth and arising with renewed strength and vigour. A departed
mutual friend used to say, and, he thought, with truth, that for fear of
incurring the odious charge of flattery, they often ran into the other
extreme, and did not tell their friends to their face how much they
valued them, deferring praise until the ear of their friends had become
for ever deafened. It was not so with him ; and no such false delicacy
should that day hinder him from declaring that, having lived to see
so much of their friend in all kinds of circumstances; having been able
to know much of him in various aspects, knowing his bearing, his
unconquerable perseverance, his unselfishness, his right-mindedness,
and his benevolence, he was a model of a perfect man.
Mr. Roach-Smith's speech was received with great applause, and he
was complimented on having said the right thing at the right time.
Mr. S. Timmins, of Birmingham, rephed on behalf of Mr, Halliwell-
Phillipps. He said their host had not heard the remarks which had
been made, for as soon as he heard a vote of thanks was to be sub-
mitted, he withdrew. He, however, knew he valued the sentiments
which had been expressed, and was pleased that his hospitality had
been so kindly received.
Shortly afterwards the road was again taken, and most of those
who had joined in the early part of the day's excursion proceeded to
Hollingbury Camp, which has been briefly referred to above. From
the camp the party drove direct to Brighton, arriving in good time to
prepare for the evening meeting.
The closing meeting of the Association took place in the King's
Apartments of the Royal Pavilion on Saturday evening.
The Chairman called upon Mr. Richard Sims, of the British Museum,
to read his paper on " Sussex Monastic Chartularies and Early Charters
relating to Brighton and Atlingwoi'th."
At the conclusion of the paper, which will, we hope, be printed
liereafter in the Journal,
Captain Lambert said he thought their grateful thanks were due to
Mr. Sims for the interesting paper he had read.
The Oliairman said there could be no doubt the deeds were valuable
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS. 21 9
as illustrations of the formation of tlio habits of the country witli
regard to the tenure of lands, and particularly with regard to eccle-
siastical corporations, and great service had been done by the collection
of the information. He was sure they would all join cordially in
passing the motion which had been made by Mr. Lambert.
In the discussion which ensued, Mr. W. de Gray Birch, F.S.A., Hun.
Sec, Mr. H. J. F. Swayne, Recorder of Wilton, and others, took part.
Mr. E. P. Loftus Brock stated that Mr, ]\fatthew H. Bloxam, who
was to read a paper on the sepulchral effigy and tomb in the south
transept of Chichester Cathedral, attributed to Richard de la Wick,
was unavoidably unable to be present. He then described the purport
of the paper, which will appear in full in the Journal.
After several votes of thanks to all who had contributed towards the
success of th© Congress, the Chairman closed the proceedings, and the
party broke up at a late hour.
A special sermon in connection with the Congress was preached on
Sunday morning in St. Peter's Church, Brighton, by the Ven. Arch-
deacon Hannah^ and a large number of the members attended the
service.
Monday was an extra day, and consisted of a visit to Southover
Church and Priory, Lewes Castle and Museum, Alfriston, Wilmington
Priory, and Peveusey Castle.
On Tuesday the party visited Worth Church and Cuckfield^
BlyJ^N
220
^Proceetitncjs of t!)e Association,
Wednesday, 7th April 1886.
C. H. CoMPTON, Esq., in the Chair,
Thanks were ordered to be returned for the following present to the
Library :
To the Society, for " Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scot-
land, 1884-5."
Mr. E. p. L. Brock, P.S.A., Hon. Sec, read a comnmnication from
the Rev. J. J. Daniell on a paved oval area with radiating lines at
Langley Burreil, apparently of prehistoric date.
Mr. R. Ferguson, F.S.A., thought the description given resembled
the "starfish cairns" in the Ulleswater district of the north of England.
Mr. Brock exhibited a large series of coins of the Roman period,
having on the reverse a figure of Britannia.
Mr. C. Brent, F.S.A., exhibited a collection of flint arrow-heads
from .the Seine district, in the Department of Oise ; a series of bronze
fibulce of the Merovingian style and period ; and three rectangular
ivory plaques, elegantly carved, of the fifteenth centui'y.
Mr. Roofe exhibited a black ware Nolan amphora or oenoehoe, and a
painted jug with a handle moulded on the one side with the head of a
youth, and on the other with that of a maiden, late Greek style.
In the absence of Mr. T. Morgan, V.P,, F.S.A., Hon. Treasurer, Mr.
W. de Gray Birch, F.S.A., Hon. Sec, read the following
Notes on a Roman Monument at Piers Bridge, Durham,
by t. morgan, esq., v.p., f.s.a., hon. treasurer.
A subject suggested by our proposed Congress in the north of Eng-
land is the Roman monument found at Piers Bridge, and this will give
an opportunity of running over, on the map, some of the Roman roads
in the neighbourhood. We shall probably see many Roman inscribed
stones either in situ or in museums ; such as, with few exceptions,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 221
fall into one of the four classes following :— 1, sepulchral ; 2, mile-
stones ; 3, altars ; 4, dedicatory.
The stone referred to is tiirured in Bishop Gibson's edition of Cam-
den's Britannia, p. 782. He gives the inscription as follows :
D M
CONDATI
ATTONIVS
QVIXTUNVS
ME NE XCC . MP
On the base, EXivs . solla.
Gibson remarks upon it : " This distinct mention of Condati would
tempt us to believe that this was the ancient Condate, which Mr. Catn-
den places in Cheshire; which opinion one may close with the more
freely because nothing (at least that he has told us of) induced him
to settle it at Congleton beside the affinity of names." I hope to
show presently that Camden was nearer the mark than Bisliop Gib-
son,
The stone was found at Piers Bridge, or Priest Bridge, on the river
Tees, about five miles up from Darlington, and near a station on the
main Roman road. It is now a small village, but formerly appears to
have been a fortified Roman encampment, from traces of the founda-
tions, and the many Roman coins and other remains found there. The
foundations of an ancient bridge over the river were visible till tliey
were swept away by the great flood in 1771 ; and an aqueduct, which
supplied the garrison with water from a rivulet on the north side, was
discovered about the beginning of the last century, finely arched, about
1 yard wide, and \\ deep.^
The Rev. Prebendary H. M. Scarth, in describing a Roman altar to
Jupiter Dolichenus, found within the parish church of Gainsford,"^
particularises some of the Roman remains found at Piers Bridge, and
among them was the bronze figure of a ploughman and his team of
two oxen, figured in T. Wright's Celt, Roman, and Saxon. Horsley
gives the fourth line of the inscription somewhat differently to Bishop
Gibson. He has it, men ecce imp, and says "this is a funeral monu-
ment erected to one Condatus, in the usual tenor of such inscriptions ;
though Gale and Thoresby have, from this inscription, mistakenly
supposed Piers Bridge to be the Condate of the Itinerary y^
Bishop Gibson calls the stone an altar, and therefore places it in
No. 3 of the classification I have given, while Horsley attributes it to
the class of sepulchral monuments, No. 1. I beg to suggest that it
belongs to neither the one nor the other, but rather to No. 2 ; the
lower and greater part of the monument being a milestone, and the
• Brayley and Britton, vol. v. ^ Journal, vol. xxii, p. 18:i.
^ Horsley, Britannia Rnmana, p. 296.
222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
upper part the focus of an altar improperly joined to it in after times ;
and the letters D M probably then cut in on the altar-top to make it tlo
duty as a sepulchral dedication-stone, Diis manihus. Such restorations
by over-zealous antiquaries are not unknown to us.
I would read the fourth line as follows, though the first four letters
are of uncertain meaning, me or VE ne xcci MP, or extended in full,
MEDiOLANENSis or VENONENSis cxci, the number 191 written in another
form, which is expressed in the inscription by xcci, millia passvvm ;
and the letters on the base I would extend as follows, ex ivssv solvit
LIBEEO (or LiBENTi) ANIMO. The whole inscription on the milestone
would then read thus in English: — From Condate, 191 miles. Antonius
Quintianus of Mediolanum or Venonae, by command (or permission)
paid for this of his own free will.
This Antonius Quintianus may have been one of the curatores via-
rum residing at Mediolanum (a central town) or at Venonse, where
w;is a junction of roads (see map) ; or more probably a person of less
importance, ^-perhaps one of the mancijjes, who were contractors for
keeping portions of the road in repair, and not improbably authorised
to levy a toll on the traffic ; so that it may have been his interest to
cause the traffic to flow in this direction from Catterick, via Lincoln
and Leicester, rather than by the cross-road througii Yorkshire, by
Calcaria, Cambodunum, and Mancunium (Manchester), which would
have been a much nearer way ; and the shorter road may have been
dangerous, through the opposition of the Brigantes in the West
Riding.
It was usual for milestones to have the name of the Emperor in-
scribed on them, and not that of a private individual ; but this seems
an exceptional case, by command ; and no less unusual was it to give
the distance between places so far apart, instead of the next station.
The special reason, therefore, for the erection of this stone may have
been to show that the dedicator had this portion of the road under his
control.
I find one L. R. Quintianus consul in A.u.C. 1041, or a.d. 289. This
Antonius may have been a freedman adopting the names of his former
masters. At all events it is a curious fact that, following this line of
road fi'om Catterick, which is not far from Piers Bridge, where the
milestone was found, the distance fairly agrees with the 191 miles of
the stone to Condate ; taking this to be Congleton in Cheshire, where
Camden placed it. Modern writers consider it to be Kinderton ; but
this is not far from Congleton, and the difference in total distance
would be small, whether Condate is Congleton or Kinderton. Here is
the route set out at length :
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
223
Iter No. 5 Unversed.
From Catterick to Isurium (Aldborougli)
,, Eboracum (York)
,, Legeolium
„ Danum (Doncaster)
„ Segek)cum
,j Lindum (Lincoln)
Iter No. G Reversed.
„ Crococokaua
,, Ad Poiiteni ,
,, Margiduimm
„ Verometum
,, Rata3 (Leicester)
From Leicester, instead of running down to Venonae, a
distance of 12 miles, to cut off an angle, it is probable
that a ma devia led to the Trent river .
Perhaps to Tamworth, thence by river navigation to
Mediolauum, at Ciiesterton or Stone in Staffordshire
(water-distauce not being calculated iu the Itinerary),
and from Mediolanum to Coudate
. 24 miles
. 17
>>
. 21
)5
. 16
>>
. 21
»»
. 14
)J
. 12
. 7
)>
. 7
)>
. 12
,,
. 13
)»
14
19
{Iter No. 10 reversed) making total distance 107 .,
The fractions of miles between the stations might cause the slicrht
difference in the total distance, 197 miles instead of 191.
The portion of the road between Lincoln and Leicester was com-
mented on by Mr. C. H. Compton in Journal, vol, xli, p. 43, and was
the means of his introducing some interesting particulars of the
remains of a Roman bridge over the Ti-ent, lately found between Col-
lingham and Cromwell, north of Newark ; and the importance attached
to bridges in this countiy by the Romans is becoming more and more
manifest from the remains of their works discovered from time to
time.
It will be seen on the map how Derbyshire is not traversed by any
of the roads of the Itinerary which I take to be the main military
ways. Other roads there must have been to open up the metallic
wealth and commerce of the district. Mr. W. Thompson Watkin has
been lately endeavouring to identify some of the Derbyshire towns
from inscriptions and the names given in the fragmentary British geo-
graphy of Ravennas.^ The three pigs of lead now in the British
Museum, found in Derbyshire, are at any rate an enduring memorial
of Roman industry in these parts. The first, 22 inches in length,
5g inches wide, and weighing 127 lbs., found near Wirksworth in
1777, bears the following inscription, imp . caes . hadriani . avg . met ,
i.VT. The second, 2U inches long, 4^ inches wide, and weighing 83 lbs.,
^ Th' Roman Sladons nf Derhyshlrr^ tiy W. Tliomjison Watkiu.
224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
found near Matlock, is inscribed thus : L . akvconi . verecvndi . metal .
LVTVD. The third, 17 J inches long, 6^ inches wide, and 4| inches
thick, weighing 173 lbs., has the inscription, ti.cl.tr. lvt . br . ex .
ARG.
The milestone, 2 miles from Leicester (Ratce), is an unfailing identi-
fication of the ancient and modern names of that place ; and the mile-
stone to which I have drawn attention at Piers Bridge will be an
important testimony to the situation of Condate in Cheshire, if the line
of argument followed in this paper is adopted as reasonable.
Mr. T. Blashill exhibited a series of plans and drawings of Queen
Eleanor's Cross at Waltham, Essex, and made some remarks on the
work proposed to be done by a committee in connection with the repair
of that monument.
Mr. Brock and Mr. Wright took part in the discussion which ensued.
Mr. G. R. Wright, F.S.A., Hon. Congress Secretary, read a letter from
Mr. R. Mann, of Bath, respecting the progress of affairs at Bath in
connection with the proposed excavation of the site of the Roman hot
baths, and deploring the probable destruction of part of the ancient
remains, which he hoped the Association would endeavour to avert.
Mr. Brock announced that the Association had discussed the subject
at the Council meeting in the afternoon, and a letter had been ordered
to be forwarded, by the Secretary, to the responsible authorities, pro-
testing, in the name of the Association, against the alleged projected
destruction of the Roman remains.
Wednesday, April 21, 1886.
T. Morgan, Esq., V.P., F.S.A., Hon. Treasurer, in the Chair.'
Thanks were ordered to be returned to the respective donors of the
following presents to the Library :
To the Rev. B. H. Blacker for " Gloucestershire Notes and Queries."
Part 30.
To the Society, for "Journal of the Society of Arts." Nos. 1742 and
1743.
„ „ for " Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects."
Nos. 13 and 14.
To the Sussex Archceological Society, for " The Domesday Book in Rela-
tion to the County of Sussex." By Rev. W. D. Parish, Vicar of
Selmeston, and Chancellor of Chichester Cathedral.
It was announced that the series of Rhind Lectures for the present
year, in connection with the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, would
PKOCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 225
be delivered by Mr. J. Rorailly Allen, C.E., F.S.A. Scot., in the
Masonic Hall, George Street, Edinburgh, during the months of April
and May. Members of the Association would be admitted.
Mr. E. P. L. Brock, F.S.A., Hon. Sec, exhibited a' series of ancient
views of Rheims, illustrative of the system of fortification adopted in
mediaeval times, which the plans showed was continued to the seven-
teenth century. Many curious points of detail were indicated by the
engravings, and Mr. Brock called attention to the amount of informa-
tion to be derived from the large series of Continental topographical
views and plans which are still in existence to reward the collector.
An elevation of the west front of the fine church of St. Nicaise was
also shown, — a building demolished at the Revolution. The plan of
the city showed the arrangement of its streets at right angles ; a sur-
vival, most probably, of the system of old Roman times ; similar, in
this respect, to Gloucester and some other cities in England which
were referred to. A curious cluster of small churches existed around
the church of St. Nicaise, while a similar number wei-e grouped around
the church of St. Remi.
Mr. Romilly Allen, F.S.A. Scot., exhibited a curious powder-flask
formed of horn, having a series of New Testament subjects engraved
on its sides, designed in very archaic manner. The workmanship is
Scandinavian ; the date being late in the seventeenth century, although
the style and execution appear much earlier. It agrees, in this respect,
with a somewhat similar object exhibited at a meeting not long since
by Mr. Allen. None of the figures have nimbi.
The Chairman then read a paper on " Haslemere and its Locality",
which it is hoped will be printed in a future number of the Journal.
A second paper was then read by Mr. Brock, in the absence of
Mr. J. T. Irvine, its author, on " The Saxon Tower of Barnack Church,
Northants", which it is expected will also be printed.
In the discussion which followed, and in which many of the mem-
bers took part, some doubt was expressed at the late Saxon date which
the author proposed for the remarkable work referred to. The paper
was illustrated with a great number of carefully measured drawings of
every portion of the building described, all of which had been drawn
on the spot by Mr. Irvine.
226
PflOCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 5, 1886.
T. MORGAN, ESQ., V.P., P.S.A., HON. TREASUKEK, IN THE CHAIR.
The ballot was declared open, and taken at the close of tlie usual
interval with the following result :
President.
THE LORD BISHOP OF DURHAM.
Vice-Presidents.
Ex officio — The Duke op Norfolk, K.G., E.M.; The Duke op Cleveland,
K.G.; The Right Hon. the Eakl Granville, K.G., F.R.S.; The Earl
op Carnarvon ; The Earl op Dartmouth ; The Earx op Hardwicke ;
The Earl of Iddesleiuh ; The Earl op AIount-Edgcumbe ; The Earl
Nelson; The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop op Ely; The Right Rev.
the Lord Bishop op St. David's ; Sir Chas. H. Rouse Boughton,
Bart.; James Heywood, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A.; G. Tomline, Esq., F.S.A.
J.O.H.PHiLLipPS,Esq.,F.R.S.,F.S.A.
Rev. Preb. Scarth, M.A., F.S.A.
Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson, D.D., F.S.A.
C. Roach Smith, Esq., F.S.A.
E. Maunde Thompson, Esq., F.S.A.
S. I. Tucker, Esq., Somerset Herald
John Walter, Esq.
The Earl op Effingham
W. C. Borlase, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.
H. Syer Cuming, Esq., F.S.A. Scot.
JuuN Evans, Esq., F.R.S., P.S.A.
A.\V.FRANKs,Esq.,M.A.,F.R.S.,F.S.A.
George Godwin, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A.
Rev. S. M. Mayhew, M.A.
Thomas Morgan, Esq., F.S.A.
Treasurer.
Thomas Morgan, Esq., F.S.A.
Honorary Secretaries.
W. DE Grav Birch, Esq., F.S.A.
E. P. LoPTus Brock, Esq., F.S.A.
Palaeographer.
E. Maunde Thompson, Esq., F.S.A.
Curator and Librarian.
George R. Wright, Esq., F.S.A.
(With a seat at the Council.)
Draughtsman.
WoRTHiNGTON G. Smith, Esq., F.L.S.
Council.
G. G. Adams, Esq., F.S.A.
George Ade, Esq.
TiioMAS Blashill, Esq., F.S.A.
Cecil Brent, Esq., F.S.A.
C. H. CoMPTON, Esq.
Arthur Cope, Piscj.
William Henry Cope, Esq.
11. A. DoUGLAS-LlTUGOW, Esq., LL.D.,
F.S.A., F.R.S.L.
Auditors.
A. Chasemore, Esq. | Richard Howlett, Esq
J. W. Grover, Esq., F.S
R. Horman-Fisher, Esq
Geo. Lambert, Esq., F.S.
J. T. Mould, Esq.
W. Myers, Esq., F.S.A.
George Patrick, Esq.
J. S. Phene, Esq., LL.D
W. H. Rylands, Esq., F
.A.
, F.S.A.
A.
, F.S.A.
S.A.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 227