sentative of the North Ward, and until recently a member of the
Board of Guardians. In both these capacities he had much indepen-
dence of thought and character, and did not hesitate to express it.
He was the son of William Norton Burroughs, once Mayor of Tar-
mouth ; a native of the town, having been born in the residence, Mar-
ket Place, where he expired ; and with family, social, and professional
ties binding him to the locality, it was not to be wondered at that he
ever gave evidence of a deep interest in its affairs. In that respect
he seldom or never failed. He had an open hand, freely giving wher-
ever his kindly heart approved. Being an ardent antiquary and
archseologist, he became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and
took a leading part in the successful movements for the restoration of
the ancient Tolhouse, and the preservation of the remains of the old
flint wall and towers that once girdled the town. He was the author
of several pamphlets on matters of archajological interest, amongst
which we may note particularly John Cleveland's Petition to the Lord
Froiector, a narrative of one of the most notable persons who, much
against their will, had uneasy lodgings within the dismal "Hold",
under what is now the Free Library. Mr. "Burroughs had a rare tj^ste
for collecting valuable pictures, books, and local curiosities, and he
440 ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIGENCE.
possessed several quaint relics illustrating the history of Yarraoutli of
by-gone days.
Mk. Stephen Isaacson Tucker, Somerset Herald in Ordinary.
At the moment of going to press we hear with great regret of the
death of our esteemed member and Vice-President, Mr. Tucker, which
took place on the 6th of January 1887.
Antiquarian Cntcllicjenre.
Deerlmrst Chapel. — We gnther from The Builder that the reparation
of the Saxon Chapel at Deerhurst is now completed. All the walls
have been examined and made good, and everything has been removed
which interfered with the building. A great quantity of soil has been
taken away from the west side of the Chapel, so that an ascent is made
to it from the road which runs near the edifice on the west side. This
will probably have the effect of preventing water from lying about the
foundations in the wet time of the year. All the modern windows and
doorways have been filled up, the entrance to the Chapel being now
effected through a restored Saxon archway. The nave has now two
windows, high up on the north and south walls : one of these remains
as it was first found ; the other has been restored, and made like its
original companion. The roof or ceiling is flat, and shows the old and
now blackened oak-rafters, — perhaps the original timber of the roof.
Above them the roof is modern. The chancel-arch stands well. The
half which (our readers will remember) had been cut away has now
been restored. Both the jambs were perfect, being composed of
massive stone, as shown in the sketches we gave at the time of the
discovery. The chancel-walls had been taken down to the height of
about 9 feet from the pavement, to enable the sixteenth century room
to be built overhead. Acting on the advice of Professor Middleton,
the Committee for the restoration caused a large " well-hole" to be cut
in the flooring, so as to enable the chancel-arch and other details to be
seen ; bat the beams and much of the flooring have been left. A fixed
ladder gives access to this flooring from below. The appearance of
the building from the outside is that of an ancient chapel added on to
a picturesque, timbered house of the sixteenth century ; and they are
quite a pleasing group. The inscribed stone which was found used
for a window-head, during the exploration of the edifice, will be re-
moved, and let into the inside ot one of the walls, for the sake of
security. A copy of the " Odda" stone, at Oxford, will also be set up
in some convenient place.
ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIGENCE. 44 L
Hunshury, or Daves' Camp, and the Discoveries there. By Sir HiiNKY
E. L. Dryden, Bcai't., Hon. Memb. Soc. Anfc. Scot.^ — Sir Henry Dry-
den, with the rigid adherence to plain, simple facts which makes all
his reports the more valuable, contributes an important paper on dis-
coveries in a locality hitherto but little noticed, which rank among the
most interesting of late years.
The site is a mile and three-quarters south-west from the crossing
of the main roads at All Saints' Church, in Northampton, in Hai'ding-
stone parish, on high ground, on the south side of the valley of the
Nen. "The Camp", Sir Henry remarks, "is now usually known as
' Danes' Camp'; but evidently' ifc is the * bury' in the name ' Hunsbury';
and doubtless ' Huns' is from some tradition of people of that nation-
ality having made or occupied it. The Danes have got credit for an
immense number of military works. Over the whole area of the Camp
were found, at a few feet or yards apart, pits sunk to the bottom, or
nearly to the bottom, of the 6 feet or 7 feet of soil, Tiiese pits varied
from 5 to 10 feet in diameter, rudely circular in form, and nearly per-
pendicular as to their sides. They were distinguishable by being full
of black mould. In them most of the remains hereafter described
were found. In scarcely any instance did they penetrate the iron-
stone. In all, there must have been over three hundred of these pits.
About sis or seven of these pits were walled with small flat stones,
chiefly limestone. The enclosed diameter of them was about 5 feet.
These pits were evidently for the reception of refuse of various kinds."
The area of the Camp is about 4 acres. The scarjD, fosse, and counter-
scarp, are about \\ acre.
The Camp, as it is called, must have been a British ojjpidum, made
and used probably very far anterior to the concealment of the weapons
and implements in iron, which are of the character called late Celtic.
In material and form they bear a general resemblance to those from
Hod Hill, near Blandford."^ There is an example of the sword-shaped
implement, or imperfect sword, of which many were found at Hod
Hill, at Spetisbury, and other places in the west of England. Mr.Wylie
has directed attention to a quantity found in a peat moor near Zurich,
with pigs of iron.^
On the bronze scabbards of iron swords, reference, for comparison,
may be made to a similar example from the Thames, figured in the
third volume of the Collectanea Antiqua, PI. xvi, and to the remarks on
it and similar scabbards. They must be assigned to the late Celtic
pei-iod ; to which, indeed, belong the whole, or nearly the whole, of
the objects from Hunsbury. If Jewitt, in his Grave-Mounds, has classed
the shape of one of such swords as Anglo-Saxon, he has certainly
1 From the Proceedings of the Northampton Architectural Society.
'â– ' Collrctanea Antiqua, vol. vi.
3 Frocccdinys of Soc. Ant. Lond. for April 8, 1880.
442 ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIGENCE.
made a mistake. The umbo of a shield figured by Sir Henry Dryden
dops not much resemble any of the numerous Anglo-Saxon types with
which we are acquainted.
"When it is said that the engravings are from drawings by Sir Henry
Dryden, it is saying, in other words, that they are scrupulously faith-
ful. C. R. S.
An Account of British and Roman Remains found in the Neighhour-
hood of Hitchin} By William Ransom, F.L.S. — From the district
around Hitchin, Mr. Ransom's researches have collected numerous
remains of the Roman and Saxon epochs, which he has made the
groundwork for an interesting paper, remarkably lucid, and illustrated
by several well-drawn and engraved plates. That of a Roman villa
near Hitchin, excavated in 1884 by Mr. Ransom, is admirably planned.
The villa must have been one of wide extent, and of superior character.
The apartments warmed by hypocausts were, no doubt, paved with
tesselated work, now gone. Adjoining the larger is a bath-room, as
usual in the villas of Britain, of small dimensions. The walls had
been painted with elegant designs in colours. The coins found in the
villa are of Gallienus, Victorinus, the Tetrici, Carausius, Allectus, Con-
stantino, and Valentinian, with three of those rudely engraved small
pieces formerly supposed post-Roman, but now correctly assigned to
the period of the Tetrici.
The so-called Samian pottery found near Astwick include some
novel potters' stamps which will be recognised in the following list : —
DOIICCVS, CAVPIRRA, CA...NI, SACRILI M, MATEENINI M, MACEINl OF, AVGELLA F,
DOiiCCVS M ; and among a large quantity of pottery found near Wymond-
ley occur Doccivs f, romvli of, anelli of. Although it is proved beyond
question that this lustrous red ware was imported into Britain, we
occasionally meet with the names of potters which have not been
recorded as found among the numerous examples discovered in France
and Germany. For these the best general catalogue is M. H. Schuer-
man's Siglcs Fig^llins' {^^Y-axaWes, 1867), which in a new edition could
be much amplified.
On Pegsdown Common, at the foot of the Chalk Downs, about four
miles from Hitchin, Mr. Ransom discovered in contiguity Roman and
Saxon remains. Of these, a plate of weapons is given. Mr. Ransom
remarks: "In a field near, known as Danesfield, there were found,
about forty-five years ago, a large number of human skeletons, and also
those of horses, with several fragments of iron and bronze. Within a
short distance an almost perfect Roman amphora, 3 feet high, has been
dug out, and a variety of other vessels have since been found there. It
may be interesting to note, by the way, that the pretty purple Anemone
' From the Tranmctions of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society, vol.
iv, Part 2, July 1880.
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ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIGENCE. .443
'Pulsatilla, known as ' Danes' Blood', grows abundantly on the bill-
slopes around, covering tlic scanty herbage with its purple blossoms in
the early spring."
The application of the word Bane to places in which Roman and
Saxon remains have been found is explained in the lasting impression
made by the long devastation of the country by the invasions of the
barbarians of the North. Popular ignorance and credulity have, as
Mr. Hansom notes, given the name of " Danes' Blood" to an anemone.
Awbrey, in his Wills, applies the same name to the SamhucAis ebulus,
which grows plentifully about Slaughterford, where Awbrey says
" there was heretofore a great fight with the Danes, which made the
inhabitants give it that name."^
An observant naturalist, Mv. Eansom gives further information.
Speaking of the animal bones found in the debris of the villa, he re-
marks : "Amongst the bones were also found, at the depth of 3 or
more feet, a number of the pretty little spiral shells of the Achatina
ar.icula, which are frequently turned out where animals have been
buried. This mollusc has a peculiar perception as to where its food
lies, for its shells are occasionally found at a depth of 7 or 8 feet, in
human graves." C. R. S.
The Domesday Commemoration by tlie Boyal Historical Society com-
menced on Monday, 25th October, and occupied six days. Amono-
the proceedings and papers were the following : — Visit to the exhibi-
tion of Domesday Booh and other MSS. at the Public Record OfiGce,
Fetter Lane. Paper on the Domesday Booh by Mr. H. Hall. Popular
lecture by Canon I. Taylor, M.A., LL.D. Visit to the exhibition of
Domesday MSS. at the British Museum. Papers on Domesday wapen-
takes and land-measures by Canon I. Taylor and Mr. J. H. Round,
M. A. Danegeld and finance of Domesday, by Mr. J. H. Round, M. A.
Materials for re-editing Domesday Booh, by Mr. TV. de G. Birch, F.S.A.
Local and topographical subjects, by Sir Henry Barkly, K.C.B. ;
Messrs. H. E. Maiden, M.A., F.R. Hist. S. ; F. E. Sawyer, F.S.A. ;
Herbert J. Reid, F.S.A. ; and J. Parker, M.A. Mr. P. E. Dove, Hon.
Secretary, of 23 ^Old Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, will be happy to
supply subscribers of one guinea with the volume containing the pro-
ceedings and papers. We are indebted to the proprietors of The Afhe-
ncvum for the use of the block-facsimile of a page of the Domesday Book
very slightly reduced, which will enable our readers to form some idea
of the handwriting and appearance of the test.
The ancient Ship found at Brigg. — Our Associate, ^Ir. B. Winstone,
sends the following communication respecting this relic : —
' See Prior's Poimlur Names of British Plants. London, 18G3.
444 ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIGENCE.
" Tn youi" description of the boat found at Brigg it is mentioned that,
from the remains, the mode of navigation was not very evident. I
therefore venture to call attention to a mode of propelling boats still
in use in Switzerland ; handed down, no doubt, from very remote
times, as in all probability the Brigg boat was propelled in a similar
manner. Last summer I hired a boat on the Lake of Bienne to take me
to the Isle of St. Peter. The boat had no rowlocks; but in the sides of
the boat were holes through which withies were passed, and twisted
into little hoops or loops. Through these the oars were passed, and
they acted as rowlocks. The boatman stood up, facing the bows, and
propelled the boat by pushing the oars from him. The oars had large
blades ; and the length, from the loop or rowlock to the man's hand,
was very considerable when compared with the remaining portion. As
the large blade of the oar gave good hold of the water, and the lever-
age was great, the boatman had great propelling power, so that he
made very good way through the water.
" The Brigg boat has two holes near the bows, three holes amid-
ships, and two holes at the stern. Withies were probably passed
through these holes, and used in the manner I have described. The
men stood up. Two oars were worked in the bows, three or four
amidships, and two in the stern. As the men facing the bows pro-
pelled the boat whilst standing, by pushing the oars, no seats would
be wanted, — there was no appearance of any provision having been
made for seats in the Brigg boat. The ridge of timber crossing at the
bottom, athwart ships, may have been left to afford foothold to the
boatmen whilst pushing the oars. A boat so pi'opelled would readily
navigate shallow rivers full of shoals, and especially narrow rivers, as
the boatmen at the bows and stern would have great power by what
is termed 'backing water' with the stern-oars, and pulling (or rather
pushing) with the bow-oars over the course of the boat; and they
could tarn it within its own length if it were necessary to do so."
Some Antiquities of Moclie Malverne {Great Malvern). By James
NoTT. Malvern, 1885. — During our recent Congress at Malvern we
had an opportunity of seeing many of the mediaeval reHcs which Mr.
N"ott has described in this interesting little volume. In a series of
chapters devoted to the building and fortunes of the Priory, several
new facts are for the first time here brought to light from ancient
MSS. and printed works, for the author has not failed to avail himself
of the records in the British IMuseum, which contain so much unpub-
lished material illustrating historical and monastic antiquities. It is
..,_the supine contcntedness with well-known details, and complete dis-
'rcgard of the new lights which the manuscript literature stored up in
the Muscun} and Record Office arc ready to yield to search, which
GREAT MALVERN PEIORY, PORCH AND PARVISE.
ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIGENCE. 445
make so many antiquarian books mere superficial compilations, when
with a little time spent in original research they could acquire so
much more valuable a character.
The stained glass of the Priory church is one of its grandest
features, and Mr. Nott gives an excellent description of it and of
the carving and other details. One of the most remarkable of these
is the parvise, or room over the porch (see illustration opposite), which
was built during the reconstruction of the church in the reign of King
Henry VII, and is entered by a staircase from the inside of the church.
The word parvice, or parvise, appeai-s to signify a court of law ; but it
is not certain how far such an explanation would suit that at Malvern.
It is most likely to have been a muniment room. From the time of the
Dissolution until 1849, the room was used as a servants' hall for the
old abbey house, much in the same M'ay as the lady chapel of St.
Bartholomew the Great, Smithfield, London, fell into secular uses, from
which it was only rescued the other day. In 1849, the parvice, which
is a fine example of the later Gothic style prevalent at the close of the
fifteenth century, was restored to the possession of the church for a
vestry and parish meeting room. Three of the bells of "Moche
Malverne" were sold to the church of St. Mary Overy, Southvvark ;
the other six, and the " Sanctus" bell still remain; and those who
have wandered along the Malvern hills have frequently been charmed
with the melody which they discourse as sweetly now as they did
when first hung up in the tower, nearly five hundred years ago.
Mr. Nott devotes some part of his work to an account of the "Vision
of Piers Ploughman", the authorship of which he attributes to Prior
John de Malverne, who occurs in that dignity in 1349. Among the
new documents and antiquities which the author has collected, and
which makes this work indispensable to the complete knowledge of
the history of the Priory, are : The first seal, of the twelfth century,
having on the obverse the Virgin and Child, on the reverse St.
Michael the archangel and patron saint, half-length, "casting down his
golden crown before the glassy sea", as related in Revel, iv, 6-10 ; this
is an interesting departure in sacred and legendary art, which more
conventionally depicts St. Michael in combat with the dragon : — the
second seal, with the Virgin and Child differently treated, and with
reverse or counterseal as before : — the seal of Prior Thomas in the thir-
teenth century, who is here depicted under an arch, humbly set in the
base of the design, adoring his special patrons, the Virgin and Child, St.
Michael, and another, perhaps his eponymic saint, Thomas, on whose
feast-day — the shortest day of the year, because of his wavering faith —
the Prior was perhaps born or received into monachism.
A fine photograph of a charterof Richard fitzPonz or Puncius, granting
the church of Lecha or Leigh to the monks of St. Mary and St. Michael
446 ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIGENCE.
is added, as well as the texts of several charters in the Harley Collec-
tion ; the " Carta? Antiquas" at the Record Office formerly in the Tower
of London; the Westminster Chartulary in the Cottonian MS., Faustina,
A. Ill; Bishop Carpen-ter's Register at Worcester; a letter from Bishop
Latimer pleading for the continuance of the Priory ; copious extracts
from the little-known but highly valuable Scudamore Papers in the
British Museum, relating to the accounts of the dissolved priory; the
Ministers' Accounts for Worcestershire in the Record OflBce ; the Parish
Registers ; the Royal " Church Briefs"; Cole's account of the church ;
Charters from the MSS. at Lambeth Palace; a list of Priors, and lastly
a list of incumbents, both fuller than those hitherto known to Worces-
tershire historians.
PhotograpJis of the Antiquities of London and its Vicinity. — It is in
contemplation to form a Society having for its object the preparation of
photographs of objects of antiquarian interest in the metropolis and its
vicinity. The progress of improvement and change is so rapid, that
many a once familiar structure has disappeared ; and it is no unusual
thing for a visit to be paid to some portion of London, where some
well-known old mansion or other building may be seen in its old
position, only for the same locality to be found to be completely
altered on the occasion of the next visit, and the old building entirely
removed, leaving, it may be, no record of its existence. Thus, in very
recent years, have passed away Northumberland House, Kensington
House, Shaftesbury House, and a fine block of old timber houses opposite
the last-named building, the House of the Tradescaots at Stockwell,
the fine gates of Shacklewell Manor House, and many others.
Although Charterhouse is now safe, yet its existence at one time
appeared very doubtful; but at the present time the fine old block of
buildings, Staple Inn, appears doomed to destruction.
The objects of the Society will be to issue ai'tistic photographs,
taken from the most interesting positions, of the ancient buildings
existing within the metropolitan area, particularly those whose exist-
ence was threatened, or where changes are in contemplation which
are likely to alter their ancient aspect.
These photographs are to be prepared by a permanent process, being
in this respect different from many which have been already prepared,
it being considered that special regard should be had to render these