TME JOURNAL
OF THE
35ntislj
^rrljafoloffifal Qissionation,
ESTABLISHED 1843,
ENCOURAGEMENT AND PROSECUTION OF RESEARCHES
INTO THE ARTS AND MONUMENTS OF THE
EARLY AND MIDDLE AGES.
VOL. XLIX.— 1893.
'^^
LonDon :
PRINTED FOR THE ASSOCIATION.
MDCCCXCIII.
A
\
LONDON :
CnAS. J. CLABK, 4, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, W.C.
C O N T E N T S.
I'rolaco .....
Prospectus ....
Rules of tlio Association .
List of tlie Congresses
Officers and Council for the Session 1893-94
List of Associates
Local Members of Council
Honorary Correspondents
Honorary Foreign Members
List of Societies exchanging Publications
TAOE
vu
i
iii
vii
ix
X
xix
XX
xxi
xxii
1. The Royal Judicial Seals of the King's Great Si ssions in
Wales, By Allan Wyon, Esq., V.P., IToit. Treasure?- . 1
3. The Eai-ly Christian Monuments of GlamDrganshire. By
J. R. Allen, Esq. . . . . .15
3. A Brief History of St. Fagan's, Glamorganshire. By Rev.
William DxVVId, M.A. . . . . .23
4. Excavations at Talley Abbey. By S. W. NVjlliams, Esq. . 34
5. Merchants' Marks. By Ckgil T. Davis, Esq. . . 4-5
6. Pemberton's Parlour, Cliester. By T. Cann Hughes, Esq. TG
7. Leeds Priory, Kent. By Rev. J. Cave-Browne, M.A. . 81)
8. Detling Church, Kent. By Rev. J. Cavio-Brownio, M.A. . 103
9. Old Traders' Signs in Little Britain. By H. SviiR Cujiim;,
Esq., V.P. ...... 108
10. Old Traders' Signs in Duck Lane. By H. S. Cujiing, Esq.,
V.P 117
11. The Village and Church of Bedfont, Co. Middlesex. By
E. A. Ebblewuite, Esq. . . . . .120
12. The Ancient Church in Wales. By C. H. Comptox, Esq. . 129
IV CONTENTS.
PAGE
13. Attempt to RecovtM- First Design of West Front of Peter-
borough Cathearal. By J. T. Ikyinf, Esq. . .138
U. Sabsidence of Land on Clifton Hill Camp. By Alfukd C.
Fryer, Esq. ...... 15'
1-5. Excavation of Site of Winclicombe Abbey. By E. P. Lorrus
Brock, Es({., Hon. Sec. ..... 1G3
It). Have I found the Roman Station of " Bibracte"? By J. W.
Groyek, Esq. . . ■ • • .1^3
17. Stonehenge. By Edgar Barclay, Esq. . . ,179
18. Notes of a Visit to Caerleon. By George Lambert, Esq. . 20t)
19. Comparison of Roman Stations at Caerwent, Caei-leon, and
Cardiff. By E. P. Loftus Brock, 'Esq., Hon. Sec. . 216
20. English Claims to Overlordship of Scotland. By Miss
Russell 223
21. Gamla Uppsala ; St. Keverne Church, Cornwall ; and Par-
thenon Colouring. By A. C. Fryer, Esq.. . . 240
22. Notes on the Isis in Saxon Charters, and Signification of
Berkshire. By W. de Gray Birch, Esq., Hon. Sec. . 251
23. The Bellarmine or Greybeard. By J. N. Macmichael, Esq. 257
24. On a Saxon Picture in an Early MS. at Cambridge. By
J. Park-Harrison, Esq. ..... 2G8
25. Coped Stones in Cornwall. By A. G. Langdon, Esq. . 274
2G. Leeds Church, Kent. By Rev. J. Cave-Broavne, M.A. . 285
27. Discovery of a Roman Hypocaust at Chester. By Frank
H. Williams, Esq. . . . . .298
28. The Excavation of the Site of Blackfriars' Priory, and Disco-
veries at Cardiff Castle. By E. P. L. Brock, Esq., IIo7i. Sec. 306
Proceedings of the Cardiff Congress . . . .57
Proceedings of the Association . . 72, 151, 240, 304
Election of Associates . . . 72,78,151,304,305
Obituary ........ 154
Presents to the Library . . 73, 74, 75, 151, 152, 304, 306
Animal General Meeting . . . . . .153
Hon. 'I'reasurei-'s Report . . . . . .155
Hon. Secretaries' Report . . . . .156
Balance Sheet for tlie Year ending 31 Dec. 1892 . . 157
PJlectii.n of Oflicers for the Session 1893-4 . . , 158
Antiquarian Intelligence : —
Baron J. de Baye, The ladnstrial Arts of the Amjlo-Saxoyu . 79
Kev. S. Cooper Scott, M.A., Vicar, Ledtires on History of
St. .ToWt, Church, Chester . . . .83
CONTENTS. V
TAOE
W. do Gray Hircli, Esq., F.S.A., Carhdariuin, Saxoiiirwn,
vol. iii . . . . . . 87
Proposed Exploration in Upper Wharfcdale, Yorksliire.
E. E. Speight, Esq., Secretary . . .188
Northumberland Excavation Fund .... IGl
Glastonbury Antiquarian Society . . . .162
The Joslin Museum at Colchester .... 244
Gordon Duff, Esq., Early English Priiiiiuf/ : a Portfolio of
Facsimiles . . . . . .244
Rev. Ca3sar Caine, 'I'he Martial Annals of the City of York . 215
Alfriston Clergy House ..... 248
Arthur C. Fox-Davies, Esq., Armorial Families . . 249
Alfred C. Fryer, Esq., L/antwit Major as a Fifth Century
University ..... 240 -il2
AV. Salt Brassingtou, Esq., Historic Worcestershire . . 310
South Brent Parish Church, South Devon . . .311
Kev. Denis O'Donoghue, P.P., Bremlanianci : St. Brendan the
Voyager, in Story and Legend . . . .311
J. R. Allen, Esq., F.S.A.Scot., The Illustrated Archceologist . 313
IVioughts that Breathe and Words that Burn, from Francis
Bacon, Baron of Verulaui . . . .314
R. C. Hope, Esq., F.S.A., Legeyulary Lore of England's Holy
Wells, Fivers, Lakes, Fountains, and Springs . . 314
G. L. Gomme, Esq., F.S.A., Fourth Part of the English
Topography Series, Gent. Mag. Library . .315
J. C. Blom field, M.A., Seventh Part of tlie History of the
Vemiery of Bicester (FvitweW ?ind SouWovu) . ' . 315
Mai^quis de Collebucolo, Viaggio Archeologico sulla Via Sala-
ria nel circondario di cittaducale . . .315
Eev. Canon C M. Church, ]\1.A., Chapters in the Early His-
tory of the Church of Wells . . . .310
James M. Mackinlay, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.Scot., Folk-Lore of
Scottish Lochs and Springs . . . .319
An Anglo-Norman Record Society . . .319
The Rev. Alfred Povah, D.D., The Anncds of the Parish and
Church of St. Otaves, Hart Street, in the City of London,
with some Account of Allhallows Staining, ecclesiasticcdly
united ^vith St. Olave's a.d. 1870 . . , 320
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
1. Royal Judicial Seals of King's Great Sessions in Wales.
Plate I ..... . To face 1
2. Ditto. Plate II
3. Ditto. „ III
4. Ditto. „ IV
6. Ditto. „ V
6. Ditto. „ VI
7. Ditto. „ VII
2
4
8
10
12
14
Caparison of King, Right Side, etc. . . .0
Ditto, Left Side, etc. • .... 7
VI
10.
11.
I'J.
13.
14.
1.^.
16.
17.
18.
ly.
2(1.
•21.
22.
23.
21.
2o.
26.
27.
28.
2'.>.
30.
.31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
30.
37.
38.
3i».
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
40.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
50.
57.
58.
59.
60.
01.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Cross of Enniaun at Margatn
Ruins of Talley Abbey
Plan of ditto .
Merchants' Marks
Ditto
Ditto
Anglo-Saxon Ssvcrd-Hilt, Reading
Umbo, Harrington, Caml)ridgesliirc
Beads, Sibertswold, Kent
Glass Vases of Saxon Age
Tombstones, St. John's, Chester
Chancel-Arch, ditto
British Crosses, ditto
Slab of Priest, Detling Church
Reading- Desk, ditto .
Top of ditto .
Chancel-Arch and Fresco in Bedfont Churcl
Brasses in Bedfont Church .
Plan of West Front, Peterborough Catliedral
Diagram of probable West Front, Peterborough Catiied
Ditto, as at present ....
Ditto, giving half Outline of each
Plan of Winchcorabe Abbey, Gloucestershire
Tiles discovered at ditto
Stonehenge, Restoration showing Axis
Axis of Temple . . . .
Diagrams 1 and 2 .
Ground-Plan restored
The Earthworks ....
Orientation of the Avenue
Diagram showing the Planetary Symbols
The Blue Stones ...
Inscriptions at Lsca Silurum . . . 210
Tessellated Pavement and Samian Howl, ditto
Gilded Alabaster Statue and Fibulas
West Door of the Abbey Church at Arbroath in Forfarshir
Leaden Plaque found near Ramsey Abbey
Roman .Multi- Angular Tower, York
liomano-Iiritish Statue, York Museum
Medallions from Bellarmines
Frontispiece to a MS. of Bede's Life of St. Cuthbert
Coped Stone at Lanivet, Cornwall
Coped Stone in St. Tudy Churchyard, Cornwall
Fragment of a Coped Stone at St. Buryan, Cornwall
Fragment, ditto, in Phillack Churchyard, Cornwall
Leeds Church, Kent ....
Roman Hypocaust found at Chester
Fragment of Flue-tile found in Roman Hypocaust at Chester
i*lan of Blackfriars' Priory, Cardiff
Plan of Cardiff Castle
St. Illtyd's Cross, Llantwit Major
Site of so-called Christian Church, Silchester, from the West
PAGE
18
41
43
48
49
53, 54
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
105
100
107
125
120
143
144
145
147
103
171
182
183
185
188
191
192
204
204
212
213
214
234
243
246
247
260
208
277
279
281
282
280
298
301
300
308
311
313
PEEFACE.
The Forty-Ninth Volume of the Jourxal of the
British Archaeological Association for the year 1893
contains twenty-eight Papers read at the recent Con-
gress at Cardiff in the summer of 1892, or during the
evening meetings of the sessions in London, and the Pro-
ceedings of the Congress and evenino- meetings. The
volume has been illustrated with several plates which
have been contributed by the liberaUty of the authors of
the Papers to which they appertain ; and by this means
the Association has been enabled to give a more pictorial
aspect to the volume than would otherwise have been
possible.
The past year has not been particularly fruitful in
archaeological discoveries in England, nor in the ventila-
tion of any very new and startling theories ; but among
the contents of this book will be found Papers of original
research relating to the archaic, prehistoric, and early
historic periods of the history of Great Britain, to eccle-
siastical and monastic architecture, and to domestic and
VIII PREFACE.
popular antiquities ; and short notices of the latest dis-
coveries and newest books on subjects with which the
antiquary should be familiar.
The recent endeavour to bring about a fusion of the
Association witli another of kindred character, which
some believed would redound to the benefit of both, while
others doubted the wisdom of such a course, has not
been attended with any practical result. Whether this
is to be regretted or not, it is jjerhaps unwise to specu-
late ; but it is probable that the literary yield of the
Societies thus amalgamated would have fallen short in
quantity of the issues of the two Societies while separate,
and by this much at least the archaeological world Avould
have been the poorer. For the present, therefore, we
must endeavour to advance the study of antiquity in the
way and by the means which the Association has had at
command for half a century, and let our motto be :
"Stare sujjer antiquas vias'\
W. DE Gray Birch.
London ;
31 December 1893.
1893.
fdiMi 51rrljiieoliiginil feiuintinii.
The Britisu Arcii-EOlogical Association was founded in 18 13, to in-
vestigate, preserve, aiid illustrate all ancient monuments of the history,
manners, customs, and arts of our forefathers, in furtherance of the
principles on which the Society of Antiquaries of London was esta-
blished ; and to aid the objects of that Institution by rendering- avail-
able resources which had not been drawn upon, and which, indeed,
did not come within ihe scope of any antiquarian or literary society.
The means by which the Association proposed to effect this object are :
1. By holding communication with Correspondents throughout the
kingdom, and with provincial Antiquarian Societies, as well as by
intercourse with similar Associations in foreign countries.
2. By holding frequent and regular Meetings for the consideration
and discussion of communications made by the Associates, or received
from Correspondents.
3. B}^ promoting cai'eful observation and preservation of antiquities
discovered in the progress of public works, such as railways, sewers,
foundations of buildings, etc.
4. By encouraging individuals or associations in making researches
and excavations, and affording- them suggestions and co-operation.
5. By opposing and preventing, as far as may be practicable, all
injuries with which Ancient National Monuments of every description
may from time to time be threatened.
6. By using every endeavour to spread abroad a correct taste for
Archaeology, and a just appreciation of iMonuments of Ancient Art, so
as ultimately to secure a genei-al interest in their preservation.
7. By collecting accurate drawings, plans, and descriptions of
Ancient National Monuments, and, by means of Correspondents, pi-e-
serving authentic memorials of all antiquities not later than 1750,
which may from time to time be brought to light.
8. By establishing a Journal devoted exclusively to the objects of
the Association, as a means of spreading antiquarian information and
maintaining a constant communication with all persons interested in
such pursuits.
9. By holding Annual Congresses in different parts of the country,
to examine into their special antiquities, to promote an interest in
them, and thereby conduce to their preservation.
Thirteen public Meetings are held from November to June, on the
first and third Wednesdays in the month, during the session, at eight
o'clock in the evening, for the reading and discussion of papers, and for
the inspection of all objects of antiquity forwarded to the Council. To
these Meetings Associates have the privilege of introducing friends.
Persons desirous of becoming Associates, or of promoting in any way
the objects of the Association, are requested to apply either personally
or by letter to the Secretaries ; or to the Sub-Treasurer, Samuel
Rayson, Esq., 32 Sackville Street, W., to whom subscriptions, by Post
Office Order or otherwise, crossed " Bank of England, W. Branch",
sluuild be transmitted.
1803 a
11
The pavmeut of One GnsrA annually is required of the Associates,
or FiVTKEX Glineas as a Lite Subscription, by wl.ich the Subscribers
are entitled to a copy of tlie quarterly Jonrnal as published, and per-
initted to acquire the publications of the Association at a reduced
price. i> r\ rt 4.
Associates are required to pay an entrance fee of OXE Guinea, except
■when the intending Associate is already a member of tlie Society of
Antiquaries, of the Royal Archffiolugical Institute, or of the Society of
Biblical Archffiolopy, in which case the entrance-fee is remitted. The
annual payments are due iu advance.
Papers ' read before the Association .should be transmitted to
the Editor of the Association, B2, Sackvillo Street; if they are
accepted by the Council they will be printed in the volumes of the
Jvunial, and they will be considered to be the property of the Asso-
ciation. Every author is responsible for the statements contained
in his paper. The published Junrnah may be had of the Treasurer and
other otHcers of the Association at the following prices : — Vol. I, out
of print. The other volumes, £1 : 1 each to Associates ; £1 : 11 : 6 to
the public, with the exception of certain volumes in excess of stock,
wliich may be had by members at a reduced price on application to
tlie Honorary Secretaries. The special volumes of Tuansactioxs of
the Congui-sses held at Wixchester and at Gloucester are charged to
the public, £1 : 11 : ; to the Associates, £1:1.
In addition to the Jonrnal, published every quarter, it has been
found necessary to publish occasionally another work entitled Collec-
tanea Archcfolofiica. It embraces papers whose length is too great
for a periodical journal, and such as require more extensive illus-
tration than can be given in an octavo form. It is, therefore, put
forth in quarto, uniform with the Arclueoloriia of the Society of Anti-
f|uaries, and sold to the public at 7s. 6cl. each Part, but may be had by
the Associates at 5s. (See rolonrcd wrapper.)
An Index for the first thirty volumes of the Journal has been
prepared by Walter de Gray Birch, Esq., F.S.A., Honorary Secretary.
Pri'^ent price to Associates, 10.9. tk?. ; to the public, 15s. Another
Index, to volumes xxxi-xlii, the Collectanea Archceologica, and the two
fxira vols, for the Winchester and Gloucester Congresses, also now
ready (nniform). Price to Associates, 10s. Qd. ; to the public, 15.9.
Piibhc greetings held on Wednesday evenings, at No. 32, Sackville
Street, Piccadilly, at 8 o'clock precisely.
Tiie Meetings for Session lb92-93 are as follow :— 1892, Nov. 16;
Dec. 7. 1893, January 4, 18 ; Feb. 1,15; :March 1, 15 ; April 5, 19 ;
May 3 (Annual General ]\leeting, 4.30 p.m.), 17; June 7.
Visitors will be admitted by order from Associates; or by writing
their names, and those of the members by whom they are introduced.
'J'he Council Meetings are held at Sackville Street on the same day as
the Public Jkleetings, at half-past 4 o'clock precisely.
HI
RULES OF THE ASSOCIATION.
The British Archaeological Association shall consist of Patrons,
Associates, Local iMenibers of Council, Honorary Correspondents,
and Honorary Foreign Members.
1. The Patrons, — a class confined to members of the royal
family or other illustrious persons.
2. The Associates shall consist of ladies or gentlemen elected
by the Council, and who, upon the payment of one guinea
entrance fee (except when the intending Associate is
already a Member of the vSociety of Antiquaries of London,
of the Pioyal Archicological Institute, or of the Society of
]]iblical Archaeology), and a sum of not less than one guinea
annually, or fifteen guineas as a life-subscription, shall be-
come entitled to receive a copy of the quarterly Journal
published by the Association, to attend all meetings, vote in
tlie election of Officers and Council, and admit one visitor
to each of the ordinary meetings of the Association.
8. Tlie Local Members of Council shall consist of such of the
Associates elected from time to time by the Council, on tlie
nomination of two of its members, vvlio shall promote the
views and objects of the Association in their various local-
ities, and report the discovery of antiquarian objects to the
Council. There shall be no limit to their number, but in
their election the Council shall have regard to the extent
and importance of the various localities which they will
represent. Tlie Local Members shall be entitled to attend
the meetings of the Council, to advise them, and report on
matters of archteological interest which have come to their
notice; but they shall not take part in the general business
of the Council, or be entitled to vote on any subject.
4. The Honorary Correspondents, — a class embracing all inte-
rested in the investigation and preservation of antiquities ;
to be qualified for election on the recommendation of the
Pi-esident or Patron, or of two Members of the Council, or
of four Associates.
5. The Honorary Foreign Members shall be confined to illus-
trious or learned foreigners who may have distinguisheil
themselves in anti([uarian ])ursuits.
a 2
IN'
ADMINISTIiATION.
To conduct tlie affairs of the Association there shall be annually
elected a President, fifteen Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, Sub-
Treasurer, two Honorary Secretaries, and eighteen other Asso-
ciates, all of whom shall' constitute the Council, and two Auditors
witliout seats in the Council.
'i'he past Presidents shall be ex officio Vice-Presidents for life,
with tl)e same statvs and privileges as the elected Vice-Presidents,
and take precedence in the order of service.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND COUNCIL.
The President, Vice-Presidents, members of Council, and
Officers, shall be elected at the Annual General Meeting, to
be held on the first "Wednesday in May in each year. Such
election shall be conducted by ballot, which shall continue
open during at least one hour. A majority of votes shall
determine the election. Every Associate balloting shall
deliver his name to the Cliairman, and afterwards put his
list, tilled up, into the balloting box. The presiding officer
shall nominate two Scrutators, who, with one or more of the
Secretaries, shall examine the lists and report thereon to
the General Meeting.
If any member of the Council, elected at the Annual General
Meeting, shall not have attended three n)eetings of the
Council, at least, during the current session, the Council
shall, at their meeting held next before the Annual Meet-
ing, by a majority of votes of the members present, recom-
mend whether it is desirable that such member shall be
eligible for re-election or not, and such recommendation
.shall be submitted to the Annual Meeting on the ballot
papers.
CHAIRMAN OF MEEXiNGS,
The President, when present, shall take the chair at all meet-
ings of the Association. He shall regulate the discussions
and enforce the laws of the A.ssociation.
In the ab.sence of the President, the chair shall be taken by
the Treasurer, or, in his absence, by the senior or only Vice-
President present, and willing lo preside ; or in default, by
the .senior elected ^lember of Council or some officer pre-
sent.
The Chairman .shall, in addition to his own vote, have a cast-
ing vote when tin* suffrages are equal.
TlIK TliEASUKKK.
The Treasurer .shall hold tho finances of the Association, dis-
charge all dehts previously presented to and approved of by the
Council, and shall make up his accounts to the 31st of December
ia each year, and having had his accounts audited he shall lay
them before the Annual Meeting. Two-thirds of the life-subscrip-
tions received by him shall be invested in such security as the
Council nuiy approve.
THE SECRETAllIES.
The Secretaries shall attend all meetings of the Associati(jn,
transmit notices to the Members, and read the letters and papei's
communicated to the Association. The notices of meetings of the
Council shall state the business to be transacted, including the
names of any candidates for the office of Vice-President or Mem-
bers of Council, but not the names of proposed Associates or Hono-
rary Correspondents.
THE COUNCIL.
1. The Council shall superintend and regulate the proceedings
of the Association, ami elect the Associates ; whose names,
when elected, are to be read over at the ordinary meetings.
2. The Council shall meet on the days on which the ordinary
meetings of the Association are held, or as often as the
business of the Association shall require, and five members
shall be a quorum.
3. An extraordinary meeting of the Council may be held at any
time by order of the President, or by a requisition signed
by five of its members, stating the purpose thereof, ad-
dressed to the Secretaries, who shall issue notices of sucli
meeting to every member.
4. The Council shall fill up any vacancy that may occur in any
of the offices or among its own members, notice of proposed
election being given at the immediately preceding Council
meeting.
5. The Council shall submit a report of its proceedings to the
Annual Meeting.
niOCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
1. The ordinary meetings of the Association shall be held on the
third Wednesday in November, the first Wednesday iu
December, the first and third Wednesdays in the months
from January to Aynil inclusive, the third Wednesday in
May, and the first Wednesday in June, at 8 o'clock in the
evening precisely, for the purpose of inspecting and con-
versing upon the various objects of antiquity transmitted
to the Association, and such other business as the Council
may appoint.
VI
The Annual General Meeting of the Association shall be
Ix Id on the tirst Wednesday in jNIay in each year, at 4.30
r.M. precisely, at which the President, Vice-Presidents, and
otlicers of ihe Association shall be elected, and such other
business shall be conducted as may be deemed advisable
for the well-being of the Association ; but none of the rules
of the Association shall be repealed or altered unless
twenty-eight days' notice of intention to propose such repeal
or alteration shall have been given to the Secretaries, and
they shall have notified the same to the Members of the
Council at their meeting held next after receipt of the
notice.
-. An extraordinary general meeting of the Association may at
any tin)e be convened by order of the President, or by a
requisition signed by twenty Associates, stating the object
of the proposed meeting, addressed to the Secretaries, who
shall issue notices accordingly, stating therein the object
for which the meeting is called.
3. A General Pul)lic fleeting or Congress shall be held annually
in such town or place in the United Kingdom, at such time
and for such period as shall be considered most advisable
by the Council, to which Associates, Correspondents, and
others, shall be admitted by ticket, upon the payment of
one guinea, which shall entitle the bearer, and also a lady,
to be present at all meetings either for the reading of papers,
the exhibition of antiquities, the holding of conversazioni,