Jones Brothers also devoted some time to showing the members over
their warehouses, which involved vast stocks of general china and
crockery ware. To the several firms the thanks of those present were
given ; and when at parting the landlord of the North Stafford Hotel
kindly offered his best wishes, the members were constrained to say
that they had never received greater attention and courtesy at any
6-'
84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS.
Congress to equal that of Stoke-upon-Trent in 1895. To the Lakes, to
Norfolk, and to Scotland the members drifted away, heartily pleased
with their visit.
An exhibition of antiquities was arranged on Monday in the
Assembly-room of the Town Hall, Stoke. To this exhibition Mr.
Ralph Sneyd, of Keele Hall, was an important contributor. It will
be remembered by many of those who have taken an interest in
ai'cha^ological matters, that in the summer of 1884 it was made known,
through the medium of the North Staffordshire Naturalists' Field
Club and Archaeological Society, that in a field lying between the
public road and a farmhouse at Abbey Hulton, excavations had been
made for draining purposes, by which discovery was made of the
foundation walls and pillars of the old abbey, some being of finished
workmanship in red sandstone and others formed of rubble. Frag-
ments of carved stone were unearthed in large quantities. Many
pieces of floor-tiles, highly glazed, exhibiting great variety of patterns,
most of them of thirteenth-century date, were also found, as well as
some pieces of pottery supposed to be of Roman workmanship. A
large portion of these relics were removed to Keele Hall, by direction
of the late Rev. W. Sneyd, and some of them were lent by the pre.sent
owner of Keele Hall and Abbey Hulton estate, who also showed a
leather barrel, which was dug up in a field on the farm at Abbey
Hulton. An interesting discovery was made at the time i^eferred to
in the form of a coffin, from which some hair was taken, supposed to
be from the head of Elizabeth Lady Audley.
Mr. W. D. Spanton also showed a case containing a portion of the
hair, and likewise exhibited some specimens of tiles and ornamental
stones taken from the same place. In the successful carrying out of
these excavations, and the removal of the remains of the old abbey to
Keele, Mr. C. Lynam contributed his valuable advice. Besides the
Hulton Abbey relics, Mr. Spanton lent two well-preserved missals —
one dated 1501 ; and an "Ovid" of 1566 ; both splendid specimens of
sixteenth-century work.
Mr. W. S. Brough lent a large and valuable collection of interesting
objects. The pictures included etchings of the old masters— Schon-
gauer, Diirer, Botticelli, Van Dyke, Rembrandt, and others— very
rare prints ; also a number of sketches in pen and ink of interesting
places in the north of the county by Mr. Brough himself. The books
included a magnificent copy of the Niiremherg Chronicle, Shaw's
Staffordshire, Plot's Staffordshire, the first edition of Erdeswicke's
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS. 85
Staffordshire, Ward's Stoke-npon-Trent, a rare edition of the Morte
d^Arthure, printed in London in 1634, Camden's Britannia, and
a number of local histories, with scrap albums of local antiquities.
He also showed fragments of stained glass from Croxden, a panel
from the Abbey of Dieu-la-Cresse, a brace of silver inlaid pistols
presented by the Archduke of Austria to Mr. Sneyd, a knife of
Prince Charles, a tobacco-stopper given by Charles II to John Daven-
port, of Ball Haye, Caroline silver buckles, a sack-bottle bearing the
date 1646, dug up in a field at Leek Frith; a very ancient MS., on
vellum, of abbey possessions ; and oriental prayer-rolls. Mr. Brough
also showed one of Sheridan's election-tickets, containing in print the
following words :— " The Right Hon. R. B. Sheridan presents bearer
with five shillings and sixpence in ale. E. S."
Mr. P. L. Brocklehurst, Swythamley, showed a lease of the Grange
and Park of Swythamley, granted by the last abbot of Dieu-la-Ci-esse
in 1530, with the seal almost perfect, and a charter granted prior to
the time of Edward the First ; a rare edition of Cocker's Arith-
7iieticke, dated 1667, with portrait ; Roman antiquities, mostly found
in Cheshire, consisting of four gold rings, in one instance with a god or
goddess engraved on the jewel ; gold chains, with links of curious green
stone called prez, fibula or shawl-pin of gold, and gold ornaments, pro-
nounced by the late Mr. Joseph Mayer to be part of a gold mask.
Mr. W. Johnson (Leek) showed an arquebus, a sack-bottle, and a
Treacle Bible.
Mr. Dryden Sneyd (Leek), a poi'tion of a Celtic axe.
Mr. Samuel Eyre (Leek), a British burial casket.
Mr. A. Scrivener showed two pieces of ancient Staffordshire pottery.
History and Antiqidties of the Church and City of Lichfield, by the
Rev. Thomas Harewood, published in 1806; History and Antiquities
of Ecclesliall Manor, and of Lichfield House, in London, by Samuel
Pegge, published in 1817; a folio volume of monumental effigies and
tombs near Elford Church ; old Staffordshire maps and photographs of
recent discoveries at Burton Abbey.
Mr. W. Wells-Bladen showed two horn cores recently found in the
deep drainage at Stone, and pronounced by Professor Boyd Dawkins,
of Owens College, Manchester, to be bos urus {priviigenus) ; a Roman
horse-shoe found in the deep drainage at Stone ; and an aboriginal
tomahawk, found in a garden at Mossman's Bay, New South Wales.
Mr. W. H. Goss showed, amongst other interesting objects, a bronze
lamp from Pompeii, Dr. Johnson's snuft'box, typical examples of
Derbyshire fiint implements, prehistoric American Hints, and frag-
ments of an ancient British urn from Darley Dale. Mr. Goss also
86 PHOCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS.
showed a Roman bronze tripod and a brank or bridle for scolds, the
latter of which was formerly owned by the Corporation of Bewdley,
Salop.
Mr. Tonkinson lent an early seventeenth-century drinking mug and
the first volume of the Journal of the British Archceological Association.
Col. M. D. Hollins lent a collection of ancient encaustic tiles taken
from Malvern Abbey, Salisbury Cathedral, Canning House (Bristol),
St. Alban's, Draycott, Blithfield, St. Chad's, Elford, Wychnor, many
of the patterns of which have been reproduced by the eminent firm of
Minton, Hollins, & Co.
Mr. F. Barke showed the lower part of a quern for grinding corn,
dug up on the Basford Hall estate ; also a quaint-looking tile brought
from a church in Shropshire.
Dr. Hinde lent fragments of a cinerary urn pierced for firing ; also
worked flints from Lome gravels, co. Antrim.
The Rev. T. W. Daltry lent a few remains from the Chesterton
Camp, recently found by a section of the North Staifordshire Field
Club ; also some absolutely Roman work from the Caistor Camp,
Norfolk, contrasting ancient and mediaeval mortar. He also showed a
copy of the first edition of Erdeswicke's Staffordshire (1723).
Mr. C. Lynam showed some plaster casts of portions of old Stafibrd-
shire church bells.
Messrs. Mort lent casts and squeezes of Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-
Norman coins now in the Royal Collections at Stockholm, struck at
the Stafford mint, and described by Mr. Cherry in Stafford iii Olden
Times.
Mr. Cherry contributed several examples of sixteenth-century
printing, a map of Stafibrdshire dated 1592, and a map of Africa of
the date of 1589, the last-named showing that the Lakes Victoria and
Albert were known to the Portuguese missionaries and explorers of
that time as the sources of the Nile (as they were to Herodotus more
than 400 years B.C.), and that Speke, Grant, and Baker only re-
discovered them.
The last important exhibit placed on the stands was lent by the
late Mr. E. P. Loftus Brock, F.S.A., Hon. Treas., being a selection of
Egyptian objects collected by the late Professor Flinders Petrie during
recent excavations in Egypt.
(proceeMnge of (?fC @l660ciaf{on.
Wednesday, 15 Jan. 1896.
Thos. Blashill, Esq., V.P., Hon. Treas., in the Chair.
B. H. Cdnnington, Esq., F.S.A.Scot., of Devizes, was elected a
Member.
Thanks were ordered by the Council to be returned to the respective
donors of the following presents to the Library : —
To the Society^ for "Somersetshire Archseological and Natural History
Society Proceedings". 1895.
„ „ for "Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire
Archaeological Society for 1894-95", vol. xviii, Part 2.
,, ,, for " Journal of the Royal Institute of British Archi-
tects", Nov. — Oct. 1895, and vol. iii, 3rd Series.
„ „ for "Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ire-
land", Part 4, No. V.
,, „ for " Soc. des Antiquaires de la JNIorinie, Bulletin Histo-
rique", 173, 174, livraisons; and " Les Chartes de Saint-Bertin",
par M. L'Abbe Bled, 1895.
To the Editor, for " Reliquai'y and Illustrated Archfeologist", vol. ii,
No. I.
Mr. R. Earle Way exhibited a Nolan amphora ; an Elizabethan
bottle ; some ancient shoe-soles from below the ground in Stoney
Street, Tooley Street ; several Roman and median^al spoons ; one
blade of a pair of shears, with the tang curled over to form a knife ;
some early conical bullets ; a square Egyptian bead of lapis lazuli,
with three piercings for threading the object in a network over the
mummy, bearing the bull Apis and royal cartouches.
Mr. C. Davis, of Wandsworth, exhibited an old copper medal or
token of Pope Gregory XIII, bearing an illustration of the "Ugonot-
torum Strages, 1572", with several other medals and tokens of medi-
seval dates.
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
In the absence of the author, Mr. G. Patrick, Hon. Sec, read a paper
by Mr. J. W. Tonks, entitled " Borough Seals and Civic Maces." It
is hoped this paper will be printed in the Journal hereafter.
Wednesday, 5 February 1896.
Rev. J. Cave-Browne, M.A., in the Chair.
Thanks were ordered by the Council to be returned to the respective
donors of the following presents : —
To the Society, for " Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Lon-
don", 2nd Ser., vol. xv, Nos. Ill, IV.
. ,, ,, for "The Archaeological Journal", vol. lii, No. 208,
,, ,, for "Collections Historical and Archseological relating to
Montgomeryshire", vol. xxix, I.
,, ,, for " Annales de la Societe d'Archeologie de Bruxelles",
tome lOeme.
To the Smithsonian Institution, for "An Account of the Smithsonian
Institution". Washington, 1895.
,, „ for Smithsonian Collections: "Indexes to the Literatures
of Cerium and Lanthanum". By W. H. Magee. Washington,
1895.
,, ,, for "Index to the Literature of Didymium". By A. C.
Langmuir. 1894.
,, „ for "On the Densities of Oxygen and Hydrogen". By
Edward W. Morley. 1895.
Mr. R. Earle Way exhibited a hand-made cup and a saucer of clay,
sun-dried or peat-baked (not turned on a wheel), from Stornoway in
the Isle of Lewis, N.B. This ware is still made by two old ladies, and
sold as curiosities to visitors. A glaze is mai'bled on the ware by
pouring milk over it when hot.
Mr. Birch exhibited a photograph of an old enamel, and read a com-
munication concerning it from M. Th. Kounderewitch of Kiew, asking
for any information concerning it, accompanied with the following
description : —
"Blanche en cuivre plaque d'argent, emaille transparente, hauteur
214 millimetres ; largeur, 184 millimetres. Le sujet represente les der-
niers moments de Notre Seigneur Jesus Christ ; Marie, Joseph, Jean
Baptiste, et une figure agenouillee du commandeur au pied de la croix.
La terre et les collines sont en couleur vert fonce, bleu et vert, par-
seme de I'herbe en or ; les edifices surmontes des croix d'or au second
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 89
plan sont d'un brun gris rehausse d'or. Le qie\ est en couleur bleuatre,
orne des etoiles, des points, des annellets et des petites groupes des
rayons dores, les nuages au dessous de la croix de la couleur violette
sombre, rehausse d'or ; la partie du ciel, qu'on voit au dessus des
nuages est en or, la croix est en couleur mari'on clair avec des veines
couleur noir plus fonce, rehausse d'or. La couleur du corp du
Seigneur est en couleur de chaire bleuatre comme chez les autres per-
sonnes. Le costume du capucin (probable St. Joseph) qui se trouve a
gauche est en couleur violette fonce rehausse d'or ; le costume de la
figure agenouillee, qui se trouve au pied de la croix (probable com-
mandeur) est en couleur lilas fonce, rehausse d'or ; la bordure sur le
col, la poitrine et sur les manches sont de la meme couleur, mais plus
foncee ; le costume de la Sainte Vierge est detruire en partie inf erieure,
mais porte les traces d'une couleur violette. L'habit inferieure de
Saint Jean est de la couleur verte transparente, la ceinture et le man-
teau sont de la couleur lilas transparente rehausse d'or ainsi que les
cheveux. La planche en cuivre est de I'autre cote aussi emaillee,
I'emaille et d'une couleur jaunatre avec des veines comme sur le
marbre."
The enamel is evidently a fine specimen of sixteenth century art-
workmanship ; but there is no clue to the identity of the kneeling
figure for whom the illustration was evidently designed and executed.
Mr. H. Syer Gaming, V.P., F. S.A.Scot., contributed a paper on the
" Dolium and Doliolum", which was read in his absence by Mr. G
Patrick, Hon. Sec, and will be printed hereafter.
Wednesday, 19 Feb. 1896.
T. Blashill, Esq., V.P., Hon. Treasurer, in the Chair.
Mr. Allan Ovenden Collard, 8 Buckingham Street, Adelphi, was
duly elected a Member of the Association.
Thanks were ordered to be returned for the following presents : —
To the Society, for "Archteologia Cambrensis", 5th Series, No. XLIX,
Jan. 1896.
Mr. Blashill exhibited a collection of ancient iron remains, including
two horseshoes, a padlock, a key, a boathook, three knives, two forks,
one pewter spoon, and a grinder-tooth of horse, from Puddle-dock,
Whitefriars.
Mr. C. R. B. Barrett, M.A., read " Notes on the Consecration-Crosses
of Ohedzoy Church, Co. Somerset", and exhibited a drawing of one of
90
PROCEEDtNGS OF THE ASSOCIATIOl^*
them. Mr. Barrett said : — " A few weeks since, while investigating the
battle-field of Sedgemoor, I visited Chedzoy in due course. On the
exterior of the church I found four consecration-crosses of large size
and ornate design. Their positions are as follow : No. 1 on the south
wall of the nave ; No. 2 at the south-west corner of the nave ; Nos. 3
and 4 on the north side. One of these is almost hidden by ivy. Ivy
covers the whole of the tower, and possibly a fifth cross is thereby
hidden.
C^'t*!) ?S Cvr/^V^.^^^^^^~^^^g
— ^a^fS*'
"The church is dedicated to St. Mary, and has been recently
restored. Over the south porch door is a curious stone carving inserted.
It is divided into three panels. That on
LEFT. CENTRE.
H. P. 1579
above a folded ribbon, inside
which is a quaint dragon. R. F.
RIGHT.
R. B.
Possibly Richard Bere,
Abbot of Glastonbury.
And in this case the panel would be an insertion.
"Inside the church I saw, on a former occasion, some fair bench-
ends. There is also preserved at the Rectory an altar-cloth made from
a beautifully embroidered cope which was found beneath the pulpit
some years ago.
" With regard to these consecration-crosses, they are interesting
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 91
from their size and their decorative character. They are cut in relief
on a coarse, yellow stone, different from that used in the rest of the
church, A cross at Great Dunmow, in Essex, is also in relief, but quite
plain. Elsewhere there are examples to be found of plain crosses. The
internal cross on the pillar in Carshalton Church, now destroyed, and
of which, some years ago, I showed a rubbing, was ornamental in a
way, but was merely incised.
" The size of the Chedzoy crosses is, as nearly as I could ascertain,
12 ins. diameter."
In the absence of the author, Mr. G. Patrick, Hon. Sec, read a paper
communicated by Mr. Walter Money, F.S.A., on "The Parish Regis-
ters of Newbury, Co. Bucks'', which it is hoped will be printed in the
Journal hereafter.
Mr. Allen Walker read a paper on some recent discoveries at Austin
Friars, Old Broad Street, London, and exhibited some illustrations,
with bosses, moulded arches, and other details.
In the discussion which ensued, the Chairman, Mr. Barrett, and
Mr. Patrick, took part.
Wednesday, 4 March 1896.
C. H. CoMPTON, Esq., V.P., in the Chair.
Capt. C. J. Higgins, 58 Pelham Pvoad, Wimbledon, S.W\, was duly
elected a Member.
A paper was read upon " The Mediteval and Renaissance Architec-
ture of France", by Mrs. Collier. The subject was very ably treated,
and the paper was well illustrated by a large number of engravings,
prints, and photographs.
An interesting discussion followed, in which Mr. S. W. Kershaw,
F.S. A., drew attention to the charm of the old chateaux and the beauty
of the ornamental details of their architecture.
Mr. G. B. Dobson also spoke in allusion to the incongruous nature
of many of the carvings of figure-subjects to be seen in the Continental
churches, some of which were clearly visible in the illustrations to the
paper ; and reminded the meeting that this was mainly owing to sculp-
tures from heathen temples having been used to represent Christian
subjects in the early mediaeval days.
Mr. Patrick, Hon. Sec, in expressing his sense of the interestin<»
nature of the paper, pointed out that the geograpliical position of
France with regard to Italy was very favourable to the early reception
of the classical ideas and forms of the Italian architects of the Renais-
92 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ASSOCIATION.
sance period, Brunelleschi, Alberti, and Bramante. The influence of
Bramante in particular upon the French architects of the day is
traceable in much of the retinement of the French buildings of the
sixteenth century.
Wednesday, 18 March 1896.
Rev. J. Cave-Browne, M.A., in the Ohair.
Mr. G. B. Dobson, Bartholomew Chambers, West Smithfield, was
elected an Honorary Corresponding Member.
Thanks were ordered by the Council to be returned to
The Society, for the "Transactions of the Societe d'Archeologie de
Bruxelles, tome 7eme."
Mr. Sills sent for exhibition a carving of shale from Cattack in
India, between Madras and Bombay. It is about 7 ins. in height, and
represents an itinerant musician with a flute or musical instrument,
and accompanied with a female dancer, smaller in stature, on the right
hand side. The date is uncertain.
Mr. C. Barrett exhibited a tortoise-shell snuft'-box ornamented with
a chased silver oval medallion-portrait of King Charles I, having on
the reverse the intertwined initial letters R. B.
Mr. Barrett also exhibited an encaustic tile from Godstow Nunnery
near Oxford, and read some notes on "A Historic Table in Carlisle
Castle," which was illustrated with a drawing of the table itself. The
notes will appear hereafter in the Journal.
Mr. G. Patrick, Hon. Sec, exhibited an encaustic tile from Pershore
Abbey, Worcestershire ; four Dutch tiles with a skating scene, flowers,
and apparently a Biblical scene ; a Russian plaque illuminated with
figures of Saints, Mary the Virgin, Pantaleon, Anne, Simeon, and
others ; portion of a carved ivory triptych, of English fourteenth cen-
tury work, representing the presentation of the Infant Jesus in the
Temple ; a painting of Christ, half-length, on a plaque enamelled ; and
a base-metal ring with false heraldry, found in London, with a badge
of a musical society, consisting of wind-instruments interlaced.
Dr. Alfred C. Fryer contributed a paper on " Recent Excavations
in Awatobi and Sikyatki, Arizona," which it is hoped will be printed
in a future part of the Journal.
(^nftquartan JntdH^cnu,
The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotlanafrom the earliest Christian
Times. By David MacGibbon and Thomas Ross. Vol. i. (Edinburgh :
Douglas, 1896.) — The authors of the Castellated and Domestic Archi-
tecture of Scotland, which was reviewed in the Journal at the time of
its appearance, not many years ago, have added to our indebtedness
to them by the publication of their first volume of a work dealing
with the architecture of the ecclesiastical and monastic edifices still
extant in Scotland, in a uniform style and treatment to that of their
first work. The liberal way in which between four and five hundred
illustrations, plans, elevations, views, and details, have been intro-
duced, renders the task of following the remarks of the authoi's easy
and profitable.
After an introductory essay pointing out the various methods of the
Celtic art of building, and dealing with the cells of anchorites, round
towers, the Roman, the Romanesque, and later styles, practised not
only in Scotland but elsewhere in Europe, and the influence which
was exercised by English and French work upon native eftbrts, the
subject is taken in hand by treating first of all the simple oblong
churches associated with beehive cells, and churches in groups, such
as that of Eilean Naomh, an island in Argyleshire, where twin bee-
hive huts occur, and Kilbar, where a triangular-headed doorway
enclosed in a semicircular arch is found on the north side of the
church. Hermits' cells and Celtic churches of various kinds follow ;
foremost among which latter must be mentioned the dry-built
churches, of which Tigh Beannachadh, in Lewis, claims attention.
Norman influence was in a little later, and Kilmory may be taken as
one of the many interesting specimens of tliis class.
A section follows dealing with the oldest churclies to whicli a chan-
cel or nave has been added at a later date, well illustrated by Eilean
Mor Church. At this point the authors introduce an account of the
churches in Orkney and Shetland, which were drawn and described by
Sir Henry Dryden, Bart., about forty years ago. This is arranged in
order of date of erection, and deals with some of the most interestin<T
sculptures in the whole of the book. The favourite type seems to be
94 ANTIQUARIAN INTELLICxENCE.
the oblong nave, to which is attached a chancel of smaller dimensions.
Of the transition from Celtic to Norman, the three examples of Aber-
nethy, Restennet, and St. Rule at St. Andrew's, have well deserved
the careful treatment which they have received here, and the peculiar
details of the two latter are well and fully shown.
In Norman architecture, as would be expected, there is no lack of
specimens, and in the wealth of illustrations it is diiRcult to say which
strikes the eye most effectively. Dunfermline Abbey, the chancel-arch
of St. Blane's Chapel in Bute Island, Dalmeny Church, the semicircu-
lar apse of Leuchars, Kelso Abbey, and the south doorway of Kirklis-
ton, are each and every of them beautiful types of Scottish styles
influenced by the all-pervading force of beauty which Norman design
had brought to bear on the rugged strength evinced with disregard for
elegance that was affected in previous times.
To these naturally follows the Transition style, practised in the best
manner, and brought to a high perfection by the Cistercians, who made
Scotland a land of monastic beauty, and imparted a poetic touch of
proportional symmetry and chaste gracefulness to a country naturally
beautiful in an entirely different way. These buildings are, as it were
so many highly polished gems in hyperborean settings. Dundrennan
(Cist.), Jedburgh (Canons Regular), Coldingham (Cist.), and Diyburgh
(Cist.), are buildings not easily described, but the authors of this work
have left little unsaid about them. The work gives distinct aid
towards understanding aright the many glorious buildings which piety
has reared in Scotland in the old days, and which love of what is old
leads some among us, in these later days, to ponder over and to admire,
to venerate and to preserve.
Prehistoric Man in Ayrshire. By John Smith. (London : Stock
1895.) — The earliest notices that we have gleaned about man in this
county, show that civilisation has progressed exactly in the same way
all over these islands, probably in the same way all over the world.
The gradual developments whicli palaeolithic and neolithic implements
exhibit ; the adaptation of natural advantages by enhancing them
with small obvious additions, and thereby leading up to the manufac
ture of so-called arrowheads and flakes, saws, balls, celts, rings, charms,
etc. ; the discovery of the art of founding metals ; the preparation of
habitations and strongholds ; and all the varied courses whereby the
connections which unite the past to the present, — may be traced in