Vernet (born
1789), etc.
O ' * -/
posed 56 Operas.
Shield (William), born 1754 in
Denmark sets the
London, died 1829. Composed Operas,
example of
canzonets, instrumental trios. Author
abolishing the
slave trade
of a Treatise on Harmony.
(i79i)-
Storace (Stephan), born 1763 in Lon-
France abolishes
slavery in her
don, of Italian origin, died 1796. Com-
posed 14 Operas with English words.
colonies (1794).
Gerber (Ernst Ludwig), born 1746 in
Abolition of the
slave trade by
Saxony, died 1819. Author of two bio-
graphical Dictionaries of Musicians,
the English
and of some books of instruction on
Parliament
music.
(1807).
Schulz (Johann Peter), born 1747 at
Vaccination is in-
Liineburg, in Germany, died 1800.
troduced by Dr.
Jenner (1796).
Several Operas, Oratorios, choruses,
etc.
Lithography is
Neefe (Christian), born 1748 in
invented by
Saxony, died 1798. Composed 10
Alois oenne-
felder (1796).
Operas. Teacher of Beethoven, in
Bonn.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
215
A. D.
Hahnemann,
founder of
1790
Stadler (Maximilian), Abbe", born
Homoeopathy
1748 in Austria, died 1833. An
(1796).
Oratorio, Masses, psalms, and other
In the year 1792
the French
sacred vocal music, compositions for
the organ and the pianoforte.
nation adopted
a new Calendar
Vogler (Georg Joseph), Abbe", born
founded on
1749 at Wiirzburg, in Germany, died
philosophical
1814. Composed 5 Operas, several
principles. It
Masses, many other sacred compositions,
use until the
symphonies, organ pieces, etc. Author
end of the year
of several theoretical works on music.
1805, when the
Gregorian
Forkel ( Johann Nikolaus), born 1749
mode of calcu-
at Coburg, in Germany, died 1818.
lation was re-
stored sit the
Wrote a History of Music, and several
instance of Na-
other musical treatises.
poleon. The
Koch (Heinrich Christoph), born
public feasts or
1749 at Rudolstadt, Germany, died
oanscuiot-
tides,'' fixed in
1816. Instruction books on harmony,
the Revolution-
and a Musical Dictionary.
ary Calendar,
Kauer (Ferdinand), born 1751 in
were dedicated
to Les Vertus
Moravia, died 1831. Above 200 Operas
Sept. 17 ; Le
of a light and popular character.
Genie, Sept.
18 ; Le Tra-
Reichardt (Johann Friedrich), born
vail, Sept. 19 ;
1752 at Konigsberg, in Prussia, died
L ' O pi nion,
1814. Composed 30 Operas, some
Sept. 20 ; Les
Recompenses,
Sept. 21.
Oratorios, hymns, secular songs.
Author of several Treatises on Music, etc.
Revolution in Po-
land : Koscius-
Knecht (Justin Heinrich), born 1752
at Bieberich, in Germany, died 1817.
ko, in the be-
Masses, cantatas, and other sacred
ginning suc-
cessful, is later
music, and an instruction book on
defeated. Su-
harmony.
warrow storms
Turk (Daniel Gottlieb), born 1756 in
Warsaw(i794).
Saxony, died 1813. An Oratorio, mo-
The third division
tetts, many pieces for the clavichord
of Poland be-
and the pianoforte, a Treatise on
tween Russia,
Austria, and
Thorough-bass, etc.
Prussia (1795).
MOZART (WOLFGANG AMADEUS),
thematician
born 1756 at Salzburg, died 1791.
and astrono-
mer (1796).
Composed 6 great Operas with Italian
words, 2 great Operas with German
2l6
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
Stereotyping in-
vented by Am-
brose Didot, of
Paris (1797).
Frederick Wil-
liam III., King
of Prussia
(*797)-
Buonaparte in
Egypt and
Syria (1798).
Buonaparte, in
France, is de-
clared First
Consul (1799).
The English take
possession of
most of the
French and
Dutch domin-
ions in America
(1803).
Napoleon, Em-
peror of France
(1804).
Kant, philosopher
(17241804).
Death of Nelson
(1805).
Death of Pitt
(1806).
Wieland (1733
1813).
Napoleon ar-
rives at Elba
(1814).
Napoleon defeat-
ed at Waterloo
(1815).
The " Holy Al-
liance " con-
cluded at Paris
(1815).
The Jesuits ex-
pelled from
Russia (1816).
The foreign
troops evacu-
ate France
(1818).
Death of Mar-
shal Blucher,
aged 77 (1819).
A. D.
1790
I800
words, 8 earlier Italian Operas, 2
German Operettas, several cantatas, a
Requiem, many Masses, graduates,
offertories, hymns, a Te Deum, and
other sacred compositions, about 33
symphonies, 23 pianoforte concertos,
some concertos for other instruments,
6 violin quintetts, 26 violin quartetts,
31 pianoforte sonatas with and
without accompaniments, many other
instrumental compositions, many songs,
etc.
Mozart composed, in 1780, the Opera
' Idomeneo ' for Munich ; in 1781, ' Die
Entfiihrung aus dem Serail ' (his first
Opera with German words) for Vienna;
in 1785, ' Le Nozze de Figaro ' for
Vienna; in 1787, 'Don Giovanni' for
Prague ; in 1790, ' Cosi Fan Tutte ' for
Vienna; in 1791, 'La Clemenza di Tito'
for Prague, and 'Die Zauberflote' (his
second Opera with German words) for
Vienna. In the same year, 1791, he
wrote also his Requiem.
Righini (Vincenzo), born 1756 at
Bologna, died 1812. Composer of 20
Operas, several Masses and other
sacred music.
CHERUBINI (LuiGi), born 1760 at
Florence, died 1842. Composer of
29 Operas, some ballets, 4 great
NIasses, 2 Requiems, many other sacred
pieces, violin quartetts and other
instrumental music. Author of a
Treatise on Musical Composition.
Gervasoni (Carlo), born 1762 at
Milan, died 1819. Instruction books
and historical Treatises on Music.
Mayer (Simon), born 1763 in Bavaria,
died 1845. From his early youth lived
in Italy. Composer of 77 Operas, many
Oratorios, Masses, psalms, and other
sacred music.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
217
A. D.
Captain Ross
I800
MEHUL (ETIENNE HENRI), born 1763
age of Dis-
at Givet, died 1817. Composed 42
covery in the
Operas, many hymns, cantatas, etc.
Polar Sea
(1818).
Lesueur (Jean Francois), born 1764
V /
Klopstock (1724-
1803).
at Abbeville, died 1837. Composed 10
Operas, 33 Oratorios, several Masses
Herder (1744
and motetts.
1803).
Rouget de Lille (Claude Joseph),
Winsor, a Ger-
born 1760 at L/ons-le-Saulnier, died
man, obtains in
1836. Composer of romances, and of
England a pa-
tent as the in-
the Marseillaise.
ventor of gas
Attwood (Thomas), born 1767 in
for the purpose
of illumination.
England. Many Operas and sacred
He makes his
compositions.
first experi-
Winter (Peter von), born 1755 at
ment at the Ly-
ceum in the
Mannheim in Germany, died 1825.
Strand (1804).
Above 30 Operas, many Ballets, Ora-
Schiller (1759
torios, Masses, motetts, hymns,
1805).
cantatas, etc.
Schiller's 'The
Pleyel(Jgnaz),born 1757 near Vienna,
Robbers' ap-
died 1831. Composed 29 symphonies,
peared in 1781;
Don Carlos,
many violin-quartetts, pianoforte-
about 1785 ;
sonatas, etc.
Wallenstein,
Preindl (Joseph), born 1758 in Austria,
1799 ; Maria
Stuart. 1800 i
died 1823. Many Masses, a Requiem,
William Tell,
and other church music. Instruction
1804.
books for thorough-bass, for singing,
Painters : David,
etc.
Fuseli, G. F.
Morland Stot-
Zelter (Carl Friedrich), born 1758 in
hard, Benjamin
Berlin, died 1832. Many vocal com-
West, North-
positions, and some literary productions.
cote, etc.
Zelter founded, in 1808, the first
Actors: J. P.
Ivtmblc Mrs.
German Liedertafel, or society of male
Siddons, Tal-
singers. Similar societies have sub-
ma.
sequently become popular in Germany
First meeting of
and other countries.
the Imperial
Parliament of
Zumsteeg (Johann Rudolph), born
Great Britain
1760 at Sachsenflur, in Germany, died
and Ireland
/ QrtT\
1802. Composed 8 Operas, many
(1801).
Jefferson, Presi-
dent of the
ballads, and other vocal music.
Dussek (Johann Ludwig), born 1761
United States
in Bohemia, died 1812. Pianist and
(1801).
composer for his instrument. Wrote
218
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
A. D.
Institution of the
Legion of
Honour in
1800
13 concertos, 53 sonatas, several piano-
forte-quartetts, etc. Also an Opera.
France (1802).
Men of Science
born about this
time :
Kunzen (Friedrich), born 1761 at
Liibeck, died 1817. Composed 9 Operas
Sir D. Brewster,
(8 of which are with Danish words, and
philosopher,
one is with German words), 3 Oratorios,
born 1781.
several cantatas, and other sacred music.
G. B. Airy, astro-
nomer, born
1801.
Gyrowetz (Adalbert), born 1763 in
Baron Liebig,
Bohemia, died 1850. Above 30 Operas,
chemist, born
T O*-.-}
many Ballets and Entr'actes, sacred
loOj-
R. Owen com-
vocal music, many symphonies, quar-
parative anato-
tetts, pianoforte compositions, songs, etc.
mist, born 1804.
Brassey, engi-
neer, born 1805.
Lesseps, French
engineer, born
Steibelt (Daniel), born about 1764 at
Berlin, died 1823. Pianist. Composed
6 pianoforte concertos, 46 solo sonatas
1806.
and many other compositions for the
J. Stuart Mill,
t_ i t_
pianoforte, studies for the pianoforte,
philosopher,
born 1807.
and an instruction book for that instru-
Lo ngfellow,
ment ; also 4 Operas.
American poet,
born 1807.
Lyon Playfair,
1810
Paer (Ferdinando), born 1771 at Par-
chemist, born
ma, died 1839. Composer of 51 Operas,
1819.
ii cantatas, and other vocal music.
J. Tyndal, che-
Berton (Henri Montan), born 1767
mist, born 1820.
in Paris, died 1844. About 50 Operas,
Death of Sheri-
several Oratorios, cantatas, and Treatises
dan (1816).
on the Theory of Music.
Iffland, German
Baillot (Pierre), born 1771 at Passy,
actor and dra-
died 1842. Violinist. Concertos and
matic writer
(17591814).
other compositions for the violin, an
instruction book for the violin, etc.
Thorwalds en,
Choron (Alexandre Etienne), born
Danish sculp-
tor ^1770- 1844).
1772 at Caen, died 1834. Many theo-
retical works. A Musical Dictionary.
Beranger, French
Catel (Charles Simon), born 1773 at
poet (1780
1857).
L'Aigle, died 1830. Composed 10
Operas, many instrumental and vocal
Arago, French
Savant (1786
pieces. Author of a Treatise on Har-
1835).
mony, etc.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
219
C. Babbage, phi-
losophical me-
chanist (1792-
1871).
Sir Charles Lyell,
geologist
(1797-1875).
Statesmen born
about this time:
Gladstone born
1809.
Baron Beust,
born 1809.
Bismarck-Schon-
hausen, born
1813.
Count Cavour,
born 1810.
Cobden, born
1804.
John Bright, born
1811.
Sculptors born
about this
time :
Marochetti, born
1805.
Kiss, born 1802.
Powers, born
1805.
The Jesuits are
expelled from
Prussia (1817).
The Mahratta
war in Hindu-
stan.
Steam applied to
printing in the
Times office
(1814)-
The Marquess of
Hastings ren-
ders British
influence uni-
versal in India
(1817).
The Island of
Singapore is
formed into a
British settle-
ment by Sir
Stamford Raf-
fles (1818).
A. D.
1810
Rode (Pierre), born 1774 at Bor-
deaux, died 1830. Violinist. Many
concertos, quartetts, and other com-
positions.
Cramer (John Baptiste) , born 1771 at
Mannheim, in Germany, but living from
early childhood in England, died 1858.
Pianist. Pianoforte studies, 105 solo
sonatas, and 7 concertos for the piano-
forte. Also a pianoforte school, etc.
Weigl (Joseph), born 1766 at Eisen-
stadt, in Hungary, died 1846. About
30 Operas, 14 ballets, 21 Oratorios and
cantatas, 10 Masses, and other sacred
music.
Weber (Bernhard Anselm), born
1766 at Manheim, died 1821- Several
Operas, melodramas, and Entr'actes.
Romberg (Andreas), born 1767 in
Vechte, near Munster, in Germany,
died 1821. Composed 7 Operas, a Te
Deum, psalms and other sacred com-
positions, many symphonies and other
instrumental music, secular songs, etc.
Romberg (Bernhard), brother of An-
dreas Romberg, born 1770 near Mun-
ster in Germany, died 1841. Violon-
cellist. Composed 3 Operas, many
concertos and other pieces for the
violoncello, quartetts, etc.
Muller (Wenzel), born 1767 in Mora-
via, died 1835. Above 200 Operas of a
light popular character, pantomimes,
etc
' Nageli (Johann Georg), born 1773
near Zurich, in Switzerland, died 1830.
Promoter of popular singing societies
composer of vocal music, and author o
instruction books on singing, etc.
BEETHOVEN (Luowio VAN), born
1770 at Bonn, died 1827. An Opera,
2 dramas with music, a melodrama
several single dramatic choruses anc
220
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
A. D.
Reunion of the
Lutheran and
1810
songs, an Oratorio, 2 Masses, 9 sym-
other reformed
phonies, ii overtures, a septett, 7
forms of wor-
concertos for pianoforte, a violin con-
ship in several
certo, 2 violin quintetts, 17 violin
pnrts of Ger-
many (1818).
quartetts, 5 violin trios, 35 solo
sonatas for the pianoforte, 10 sonatas
Voyage to the
T->*-vl.- Q.^.-. \^ir
for pianoforte and violin, 6 sonatas for
rolar oea by
Parry (1819).
pianoforte and violoncello, 7 trios for
pianoforte, violin, and violoncello, a
Parry undertakes
pianoforte quintett, a great many other
another voy-
age to reach
pianoforte compositions, cantatas,
the North Pole
songs with pianoforte accompaniment,
(1820).
etc.
George IV., King
In 1793 Beethoven came to Vienna
of Great
as Virtuoso on the pianoforte, and dis-
Britain, son of
/-* T T T
tinguished himself by his improvisa-
(j e o r g e III.
(1820).
tions; in 1795 he published his first
\ *""-/"
important work, the three pianoforte
Guizot, French
trios, Op. i ; in 1799 appeared his first
statesman and
historian^ 1787-
symphony; in 1804 his Opera 'Leonore'
1874).
(Fidelio) ; in 1809 his symphony in C
Minor and his pastoral symphony ; in
Revolution in
Spain ; King
1814 his A Major symphony; in 1818
Ferdinand VII.
his ninth symphony.
swears to the
Reicha (Anton), born 1770 at Prague,
constitution of
the Cortes
died 1836. Four Operas, symphonies,
(1820).
quartetts, sonatas, etc., and several
Mexico separates
from Spain
Treatises on Harmony and Composition.
Tomaschek (Johann Wenzel), born
(1820).
1774 in Bohemia, died 1850. An Opera,
several cantatas, a Requiem, a Te
Insurrection in
Portugal (1820)
Deum, Masses, and other sacred com-
positions, secular songs, symphonies,
Revolution in
quartetts, pianoforte pieces.
the Brazils ;
King John VI.
Kiesewetter (Raphael Georg), born
returns to Por-
1773 in Moravia, died 1850. Many disser-
tugal, and his
tations relating to the history of music.
son, Dom Pe-
dro, is made
Weyse (Christoph Ernst Friedrich),
Regent of the
born 1774 at Altona, in Germany, died
Brazils (1820).
1842. Several Operas with Danish
Peru declares her-
self indepen-
words, symphonies, sonatas and other
instrumental pieces. He lived in Copen-
dent (1820).
hagen.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
221
A. D.
Napoleon dies at
S t. H e 1 e n ci
1820
Baini (Giuseppe), Abbate, born 1775 at
(1821).
Rome, died 1844. Many sacred compo-
sitions and historical Treatises on Music.
Union of the
Author of the ' Life of Palestrina.'
vjreeKs in one
con federate
Generali (Pietro), born 1783 in Pied-
state (1822).
mont, died 1832. About 50 Operas.
Dr. T. Young,
natural philo-
Paganini(Nicolo),born 1784 at Genoa,
died 1840. Violinist. Concertos and
sopher, and
other compositions for his instrument.
discoverer of
the hierogly-
phic alphabet.
Spontini (Gasparo), born 1784 at
Rome, died 1851. Composer of about
26 Operas.
Sir Humphry
Davy, chemist,
inventor of the
Isouard (Nicolo), born 1775 in Malta,
died 1818. Composed 42 Operas,
safety-lamp,
several Masses, cantatas, etc.
etc.
Boieldieu (Fran9ois Adrien), born
Macadam, im-
X 775 at Rouen, died 1834. Composed
prover of
23 Operas.
roads.
Lafont (Charles Philippe), born 1781
Francis Douce,
in Paris, died 1839. Violinist. Many
antiquarian.
compositions for the violin, and many
Cuvier.naturalist.
romances.
Onslow (Georges), born 1784 at Cler-
C h a n n i n g
mont, in France, died 1852. Composed
(Unitarian
Preacher) Sir
3 Operas, several symphonies, many
R. Phillips, W.
violin quintetts, quartetts, trios, 2
H a z 1 i t t,
pianoforte sextetts, and other piano-
Charles
forte music.
Lamb, mis-
cellaneous
Auber (Daniel Francois Esprit), born
writers.
1782 at Caen, in France, died 1871.
PT> Ot- 11
Above 30 Operas.
. r>. Shelley,
Tames Hoss
Fetis (Fransois Joseph), born 1784
J r&
(the " Ettrick
at Mons, in Belgium, died 1872. Dic-
Shepherd")
R; I J
tionary of Musicians, historical Treatises
e g i n a 1 d
Heber Robert
on Music, etc.
Southey, Sir
Castil-Blaze (Frangois Henri Joseph),
Walter Scott,
born 1784 at Cavaillon, in France, died
poets.
1857. Several Treatises on Music, a
Charles X., King
Musical Dictionary, etc.
of France
Bishop (Henry Rowley), born 1782
(1824).
in London, died 1855. Composed 63
Operas and other dramatic pieces,
songs, etc.
222
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
A.D.
Burmese war.
Capture of
Rangoon by
1820
Field (John), born 1782 at Dublin,
died 1837 at Moscow. Pianist. Pupil
the British
of Clementi. Pianoforte concertos,
(1824).
notturnos, etc.
Denham and
Hummel (Johann Nepomuk), born
Clapperton's
1778 at Pressburg, died 1837. Pianist.
exploring expe-
Composed 5 Operas, several ballets, 2
dition to Cen-
tral Africa
cantatas, many pianoforte concertos,
(1824).
trios, sonatas, 2 pianoforte septetts,
etc. Also a pianoforte school.
Bowdich, on an
expedition to
Neukomm (Sigismund), born 1778 at
explore the in-
Salzburg, died 1858. Pupil of J. Haydn.
terior of Af-
Composed 10 Operas, many cantatas,
rica, died at
the mouth of
7 Oratorios, 15 Masses, many psalms,
the Gambia
symphonies, quartetts, sonatas, etc.
(1824).
Logier ( Johann Bernhard), born 1777
Death of Lord
at Kaiserslautern, in Germany, died
Byron (1824).
1846. A new method of teaching the
Nicholas I., Em-
pianoforte and the Theory of Music.
peror of Rus-
Diabelli (Anton), born 1781, near
sia (1825).
Salzburg, died 1858. Many Masses
Death of John
and other Church music, pianoforte
VI., King of
compositions and songs.
Portugal (1826)
Kreutzer (Conradin), born 1782 at
Don Pedro I.,
Moskirch, in Germany, died 1849.
Emperor of
Composed 24 Operas, an Oratorio,
Brazil, son of
several Masses and other Church
John VI., re-
nounces the
music, many instrumental pieces and
Portuguese
songs.
crown in favour
of his daughter,
Maria da Glor-
Spohr (Louis), born 1784 at Bruns-
wick, in Germany, died 1859. Violinist.
ia, aged seven
Composed 8 Operas, several Oratorios,
years. The In-
fanta Isabella
psalms, and other sacred music, sym-
governs as Re-
phonies, many violin quartetts, quin-
gent till the
tetts, concertos, and other compositions
year 1828
(1826).
for the violin, etc. Also a violin
school.
Canova, Sculptor
Ries (Ferdinand), born 1784 at
(17571822).
Bonn, died 1838. Pupil of Beethoven.
Charles X. ex-
Pianist. Composed 2 Operas, some
pelled from
sacred and secular vocal music,
France, retires
to England in
pianoforte concertos, quartetts, trios,
the year 1830.
sonatas, etc.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
223
A. D.
Jean Paul, Fried-
rich Richter
1820
Kalkbrenner (Friedrich), born 1784
(17631825).
at Cassel, in Germany, died 1849.
Pianist. Many pianoforte composi-
tions, and a pianoforte school.
First Steam Voy-
age to India,
Kuhlau (Friedrich), born 1786 at
by Captain
Uelzen, in Germany, died 1832, in
Johnston in the
1 Enterprise '
(1825).
Denmark. Composed 5 Operas with
Danish words, and many compositions
for the flute, the pianoforte, and for
Athens, besieged
other instruments.
by the Turks,
WEBER (CARL MARIA VON), born
is forced to sur-
render (1826).
1786 at Eutin, in Germany, died 1826,
in London. Composed 8 Operas, several
Russia at war
dramatic scenes, Masses, hymns,
with Persia
overtures, pianoforte concertos, cla-
(1827).
rionet concertos, pianoforte sonatas,
songs, etc.
Ru ssia makes
peace with
In 1821, first performance of ' Der
Persia, and in-
Freischlitz ' at Berlin; in 1823, 'Eury-
creases her
anthe ' at Vienna ; in 1826, ' Oberon '
possessions in
the south
in London.
(1828).
Fesca (Friedrich Ernst), born 1789
at Magdeburg, died 1826. Some Operas,
Russia at war
with Turkey
(1828).
many psalms and other sacred music,
symphonies, quintetts, many quartetts,
etc.
The Turks are
Schneider (Johann Christian Fried-
conquered by
rich), born 1786 in Saxony, died 1858.
the Russian
About 9 Oratorios, several Masses,
General Die-
bitch (1829).
hymns, cantatas, instrumental com-
positions, songs, etc.
Turkey acknow-
SCHUBERT (FRANZ), born 1797 in
ledges the in-
Vienna, died 1828. Several Operas,
dependence of
Greece (1829).
Masses and other Church music,
symphonies, quartetts, trios, and
other instrumental pieces, sonatas,
fantasias, etc. for the pianoforte, a
great many songs with pianoforte
accompaniment.
Charles X. King
1830
Carafa (Michele), born 1785 at Naples,
of France, de-
died 1872. About 30 Operas.
posed (1830).
224
CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC.
A.D.
06^6(1749-1832)
1830
ROSSINI (GIOACHINO ANTONIO), born
William IV., King
1792 at Pesaro, died 1868. About 40
of Great Bri-
Operas, a Stabat Mater, some other
George IV.
sacred vocal music, several secular
(1830).
cantatas, orchestral pieces, etc.
Louis - Philippe,
Bellini (Vincenzo), born 1802 at
King of France
Catania, in Sicily, died 1835. Composed
(1830).
10 Operas, some sacred music, sym-
Cholera Morbus,
its first appear-
ance in Eng-
phonies, overtures, etc.
Herold (Louis), born 1791 in Paris,
land (1831).
died 1833. Composed 16 Operas and
Death of Sir
several ballets.
Walter Scott
/ O \
Lindpaintner (Peter Joseph), born
(1832).
1791 at Coblenz, died 1856. About 25
Slavery abolished
throughout the
British Colonies
Operas, 9 ballets, Oratorios, Masses,
motetts, symphonies, etc.
(1834)-
Mayseder (Joseph), born 1789 in
Wilhelm von
Vienna, died 1863. Many compositions
Humboldt, phi-
for violin, quintetts, quartetts, piano-
lologist (1767
forte trios, sonatas, etc.; also a Mass.
1835).
Moscheles (Ignaz), born 1794 at
Alexander von
Humboldt, na-
Prague, died 1870. Pianist. Many
turalist (1769
pianoforte compositions ; also some
1859).
symphonies, etc.
Edmund Kean,
Klein (Bernhard), born 1794 at
English actor
(17871833).
Cologne, died 1832. About 3 Operas,
4 Oratorios, a Stabat Mater, and other
The first great
sacred music.
English rail-
way by steam
Meyerbeer (Jacob), born 1794 in
engines is the
Berlin, died 1864. Composed 16 Operas,
Liverpool and
an Oratorio, a Stabat Mater, a Te Deum,
M anchester
Railway, open-
a Miserere, many psalms and other
ed in 1830.
sacred music, secular songs, etc.
Queen Victoria
Czerny (Carl), born 1791 in Vienna,
born in 1819,
died 1857. Many Pianoforte pieces ;
ascends the