13; anthers, small, rose color; styles 3-5. Fruit ripening in October but persistent until
after the beginning of winter, on elongated slender stems, in loose many-fruited drooping
clusters, short-oblong to subglobose, rounded at the ends, with a distinct depresssion at
the insertion of the stalk, lustrous, dark crimson, marked by occasional large pale dots,
|'-f long; calyx-lobes reflexed, closely appressed, often deciduous before the fruit ripens;
flesh thick, bright red, very juicy; nutlets 3-5, with a broad rounded ridge, bright chestnut-
brown, about I' long.
A bushy tree, sometimes 20 high, with a trunk 12'-18' in diameter, large ascending wide-
spreading branches forming a broad open irregular head occasionally 30-35 in diameter,,
and glabrous chestnut-brown branchlets armed w r ith thick usually straight chestnut-brown
spines f'-l' long.
Distribution. Hedges and thickets near Wilmington, Newcastle County, Delaware;
shores of Chesapeake Bay (near Perry ville, Cecil County), Maryland, and in eastern
Pennsylvania.
3. Crataegus peoriensis Sarg.
Leaves obovate, short-pointed or occasionally rounded at the broad apex, gradually nar-
rowed, cuneate and entire below, sharply and often doubly serrate usually only above the
middle, and sometimes irregularly lobed with short broad terminal lobes, when they unfold
404 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
villose above, especially toward the base of the midrib, and bright bronze color, becoming
at maturity thick and firm, glabrous, dark green and very lustrous above, pale below, 1|'-
2' long, and f wide, with 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins conspicuous on the under side
and extending obliquely from the slender midrib to the end of the lobes; petioles usually
about j' in length, slightly glandular above the middle, and covered when they first appear
with short pale deciduous hairs; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots deeply divided into
broad acute lateral lobes, '-3' long, and l\ f wide. Flowers opening in May and June, cup-
shaped, about \' in diameter, on slender elongated pedicels, in broad loose glabrous
corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the lobes narrow acuminate, entire or irregularly
glandular-serrate, pubescent below the middle on the inner surface; stamens 10: anthers
Fig. 355
small, rose color; styles 2 or 3, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum.
Fruit ripening early in October, on slender elongated pedicels, in drooping many-fruited
clusters, short-oblong or obovoid, rounded at the ends, slightly depressed at the insertion
of the stalk, bright scarlet, marked by many small dark dots, '-f long; calyx-lobes en-
larged, erect, incurved and persistent; flesh thick, nearly white, firm and dry; nutlets 2
or 3, about |' long.
A tree, 20-25high, with a trunk occasionally 1 in diameter, stout spreading branches
forming a broad flat-topped symmetrical head, and slender orange-brown branchlets
armed with straight or slightly curved thin dull chestnut-brown spines 2'-2|' long.
Distribution. Open woods, the moist borders of streams and depressions in the prairie,
and on hillsides in clay soil, Short and Peoria Counties, Illinois.
4. Crataegus fecunda Sarg.
Leaves oblong-obovate to oval, or broad-ovate, acute or rarely rounded and short-
pointed at apex, gradually or abruptly narrowed at base, and coarsely and usually doubly
serrate except toward the base, when they unfold dark green, lustrous and roughened above
by short pale appressed caducous hairs and pale yellow-green and villose on the midrib and
primary veins below, about half grown when the flowers open early in May and at matu-
rity thin and 'firm in texture, dark green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale yellow-green
on the lower surface, 2'-2^' long, and \\'-%! w T ide, with a stout midrib and remote primary
veins after midsummer often bright red below ; turning late in the autumn to brilliant shades
of orange or scarlet or deep rich bronze color; petioles often glandular, at first coated with
pale hairs, soon glabrous, dull red at maturity, \'-\' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous
shoots often slightly lobed with short broad acute lobes, convex by the hanging down of the
margins, 3'-4' long, and 2'-3' wide. Flowers f in diameter, on slender pedicels, in wide
many-flowered slightly villose corymbs, with large glandular bracts and bractlets; calyx-
ROSACES
405
tube narrowly obconic, more or less villose, the lobes elongated, acute, coarsely serrate
with stipitate dark red glands, villose on the inner surface; stamens usually 10, occasionally
12-15; anthers small, dark rose color; styles 2 or 3. Fruit on slender pedicels often \' long,
Fig. 356
in broad many-fruited drooping clusters, short-oblong to subglobose, full and rounded at
the ends, covered until nearly fully grown with long soft pale hairs, and at maturity orange-
red marked by many small dark dots, '-!' long; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, erect and
incurved, coarsely glandular-serrate above the middle, dark red on the upper side toward
the base; flesh very thick, firm and hard, pale green; nutlets 2 or 3, \' long.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a trunk 10 / -12 / in diameter, covered with dark brown scaly
bark, stout wide-spreading branches forming a broad symmetrical round-topped rather
open head, and stout branchlets covered at first with soft matted pale hairs, soon glabrous,
light orange-green, becoming ashy gray in their second season, and armed with numerous
very slender straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown shining spines 2'-2^' long.
Distribution. Rich woodlands near Allenton, St. Louis County, Missouri, and on the
bottom-lands of the Mississippi River, St. Claire County, Illinois.
5. Crataegus regalis Beadl.
Leaves oval to elliptic, acute or acuminate at apex, gradually narrowed and concave-
cuneate at the entire base, and coarsely, often doubly serrate above with acute straight or
Fig. 357
406 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
incurved teeth, when they unfold tinged with red and sparingly villose above and on the
midrib below, soon glabrous, nearly fully grown when the flowers open at the end of April,
becoming at maturity thick and firm or subcoriaceous, bright green and lustrous on the
upper surface, pale on the lower surface, \\'-9L\' long, and I'-l-J-' wide, with a stout yellow
midrib and primary veins; turning in the autumn yellow, orange, and brown; petioles stout,
reddish brown toward the base, about 1' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
broadly oval, coarsely serrate, mostly slightly incisely lobed, 3'-4' long, and l'-2' wide,
with a thicker midrib and veins. Flowers \' in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in broad
many-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the lobes linear-lanceolate, entire or
remotely serrate; stamens 10 ; anthers yellow; styles 2 or 3. Fruit ripening in September or
October, on slender stems, in few-fruited drooping clusters, short-oblong, \'-\' long, green
tinged with red; calyx-lobes slightly enlarged, reflexed and often deciduous from the ripe
fruit; flesh yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 2 or 3, about |' long.
A tree, often 20 high, with a tall trunk 8'-12' in diameter, stout ascending or spreading
branches forming a broad symmetrical head, and stout glabrous orange-brown branchlets
armed with stout or slender nearly straight spines l'-2' long.
Distribution. Low woods, northwestern Georgia and northern Alabama; common in the
flat woods near Rome, Floyd County, Georgia.
6, Crataegus arduennae Sarg.
Leaves obovate, acute, acuminate or rounded at apex, gradually narrowed from near the
middle to the entire cuneate base, and finely crenulate-serrate above with glandular teeth,
Fig. 358
glabrous and deeply tinged with red as they unfold, nearly fully grown when the flowers
open at the end of May or early in June, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark green and very
lustrous above, pale below, \\'-%\' long, and \'-\' wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and
obscure primary veins mostly within the parenchyma; petioles stout, occasionally sparingly
glandular, f'-f in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots mostly elliptic, short-pointed,
coarsely serrate, usually laterally lobed, and often 2|'-3' long, and 1 \'-%! wide, with a stout
midrib and prominent slender primary veins. Flowers \'-\' in diameter, on long slender
pedicels, in broad many-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the
lobes abruptly narrowed from the base, linear, acuminate, tipped with small dark red
glands, entire or slightly and irregularly serrate; stamens 5-12; usually 10; anthers small,
pale yellow; styles 1 or 2. Fruit on slender pedicels, in drooping many-fruited clusters,
short-oblong, dull dark crimson, marked by large pale dots, about \' long, and f '-$' in
diameter; calyx only slightly enlarged, the lobes reflexed and appressed; flesh thin and
ROSACEJE 407
yellow; nutlet 1, gradually narrowed from the middle to the obtuse ends, grooved and
irregularly ridged on the dorsal face, or 2 and then broad, rounded at the ends, with a high
wide rounded ridge, about f G ' long.
A tree, sometimes 20 high, with a trunk 8'-12' in diameter, covered with smooth light
gray bark, spreading branches forming a round-topped head, and slender slightly zigzag
branchlets light orange-green when the first appear, becoming dark purple and lustrous and
ultimately grayish brown, and armed with many slender straight or slightly curved dark
purple-brown shining spines l'-2' long.
Distribution. Central and northern Missouri, northern Illinois, northeastern Indiana
(Allen County), southeastern Michigan, southern Ontario, through Ohio to western New
York (South Buffalo, Erie County), and in eastern Pennsylvania (Berks County).
7. Crataegus algens Beadl.
Leaves obovate to oblong or elliptic, rounded or acute at apex, gradually narrowed and
concave-cuneate at the entire base, sharply serrate above, villose on the upper side of the
Fig. 359
midrib and nearly full grown when the flowers open at the end of May, and at maturity
glabrous, subcoriaceous, dark green and lustrous above, pale below, l^'-2' long, and f'-li'
wide, with a thin midrib and slender primary veins; turning in the autumn to shades of
orange, yellow, and brown; petioles slender, rarely glandular with minute glands, about
}-' in length ; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots oblong-obovate, rounded or abruptly short-
pointed at apex, coarsely serrate, and often 3' long and \\' wide. Flowers \' in diameter,
on slender elongated pedicels, in broad many-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube nar-
rowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes slender, acuminate, entire or remotely serrate; stamens
10; anthers yellow; styles 1-3. Fruit ripening in September and October, on slender pedi-
cels, in few-fruited hanging clusters, subglobose to obovoid, \'-\' in diameter, dull red, or
green flushed with red, \'-\' long; calyx somewhat enlarged, with reflexed persistent lobes;
nutlets usually 1 or 2, prominently ridged on the back, \'-\' long.
A tree, 15-18 high, with a short trunk occasionally 7'-8' in diameter, stout ascending
wide-spreading branches forming a wide round-topped head, and stout glabrous bright
chestnut-brown branchlets becoming gray in their second year, and armed with stout
nearly straight spines l'-2' long.
Distribution. Borders of woods and fields; western North Carolina to northern Georgia
and central Alabama (near Selma, Dallas County, common), and to eastern Tennessee; one
of the commonest species in the neighborhood of Asheville, Buncombe County, North
Carolina.
408 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
8. Crataegus Palmeri Sarg.
Leaves broadly oval to oblong, rounded, acute or short-pointed at apex, gradually nar-
rowed and cuneate at the entire base, and coarsely serrate above with straight gland-tipped
teeth, nearly fully grown when the flowers open during the first week in May, and then very
thin, dark green and lustrous above, pale bluish green below, and at maturity coriaceous, dark
green and lustrous on the upper surface, paler on the lower surface, l|'-2' long, and li'-lf '
wide, with a slender yellow midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of very thin primary veins; petioles
stout, rose-colored in the autumn, about f in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
Fig. 360
oblong-ovate to elliptic, usually acute, coarsely serrate, occasionally laterally lobed, glandu-
lar at base, 2'-3' long, and H'-2' wide. Flowers about \' in diameter, on slender pedicels,
in many-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the lobes slender, acuminate,
tipped with small dark glands, entire or slightly serrate; stamens 10; anthers pale yellow:
styles 3, surrounded at base by a thin ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening in October,
on slender elongated pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose, dull green tinged
with red or cherry-red, marked by large pale dots, about |' in diameter; calyx sessile, with
erect and incurved lobes mostly persistent on the ripe fruit; nutlets 3, thin, acute at the
ends, slightly and irregularly ridged on the back with a low grooved ridge, j'-fV long.
A tree, sometimes 25 high, with a trunk often a foot in diameter, covered with smooth
pale bark, stout wide-spreading branches forming a broad round-topped symmetrical head,
and slender nearly straight glabrous, bright chestnut -brown branchlets armed with thin
straight dark red-brow r n shining spines f '-3' long.
Distribution. Southwestern Missouri, usually in low rich soil; common near Carthage
and Webb City, Jasper County, and near Noel, McDonald County.
9. Crataegus erecta Sarg.
Leaves oval to obovate, acute and short-pointed at apex, cuneate and entire at base, and
finely glandular-serrate, when they unfold often villose with a few short caducous pale
hairs on the upper side of the midrib, nearly fully grown when the flowers open early in
May, and at maturity thin and firm in texture, dark dull green on the upper surface, pale
on the lower surface, l^'-2' long, and l'-l j' wide, with a slender midrib, and thin prominent
primary veins; in the autumn turning dull orange color; petioles slender, glandular with
minute dark glands, usually dark red after midsummer, %'~ m length; leaves at the end
of vigorous shoots often nearly orbicular, coarsely serrate with broad nearly straight
glandular teeth, and sometimes 3' long and 2|' wide. Flowers ^'-f ' in diameter, on slender
ROSACE^E 409
pedicels, in broad loose many-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic,
the lobes narrow, elongated, acuminate, entire or occasionally obscurely and irregularly
serrate; stamens usually 10, occasionally 11-13; anthers small, pale yellow; styles 3 or 4,
surrounded at base by a narrow ring of short pale hairs. Fruit on elongated pedicels, in
few-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose and usually a little longer than broad, flattened
at the ends, dark dull crimson marked by occasional dark-colored dots, \'-\' long; calyx-
tube short, the lobes closely appressed, gradually narrowed from a broad base and usually
persistent on the ripe fruit; nutlets 3 or 4, with a broad high grooved ridge, T y long.
Fig. 361
A tree, 25-40 high, with a trunk l-3 in diameter, thick ascending branches forming
a wide open rather symmetrical head, and bright chestnut-brown or orange-brown ulti-
mately dark brown spreading branchlets armed with thin straight chestnut-brown spines
l'-2' long.
Distribution. Rich bottom-lands of the Mississippi River, St. Claire County, Illinois
(east St. Louis, near Fish Lake, and Kahokia) ; banks of Desperes River, south St. Louis,
St. Louis County, and Osage, Cole County, Missouri.
10. Crateegus acutifolia Sarg.
Leaves oval to oblong-obovate, acute or acuminate or rarely rounded at apex, cuneate
at the usually entire base, finely crenulate-serrate often only above the middle with glan-
dular teeth, nearly fully grown when the flowers open about the 10th of May, and then
membranaceous, and lustrous above, with occasional short scattered pale caducous hairs
on the upper side of the midrib, and at maturity thin and firm, dark green and lustrous
above, pale yellow-green below, about If long, and 1' wide, with a slender light yellow
midrib and about 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins: petioles glandular when they first
appear with minute dark glands, %'-%' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
frequently divided at apex into 2 or 3 pairs of short acute lobes, and often 3' long and
2' wide. Flowers \' in diameter, on slender pedicels, in many-flowered compact
corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, entire or ob-
scurely and irregularly glandular-serrate; stamens 10; anthers small, pale yellow; styles
2 or 3. Fruit ripening and falling at the end of September, on slender pedicels f-f
long, in few-fruited drooping clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded at the ends, bright
scarlet, marked by occasional dark dots, \' long; calyx-tube prominent, with closely ap-
pressed lobes often deciduous before the fruit ripens; nutlets 2 or 3, with a broad rounded
ridge, about iV long.
410
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
A tree, often 30 high, with a trunk 18' in diameter, stout wide-spreading branches
forming a symmetrical round-topped rather open head, and stout bright chestnut-brown
Fig. 362
branchlets dark gray-brown in their second year, and occasionally armed with scattered
thin straight chestnut-brown spines l'-2' long.
Distribution. Open woods; banks of the Desperes River near Carondelet, St. Louis
County, Missouri; in St. Claire County, Illinois (north of stock yards, East St. Louis, and
near Kahokia).
11. Crataegus Bushii Sarg.
Leaves obovate, broad and rounded or acute at apex, or elliptic and acute, gradually
narrowed from near the middle to the cuneate entire base, and coarsely serrate above,
Fig. 363
when they unfold dark green on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, and villose with
short white hairs on both sides of the midrib and veins, nearly fully grown when the flowers
open at the end of April, and at maturity coriaceous, lustrous, glabrous, 1 j'-l|' long, and
\'-V wide, with a stout yellow midrib and few slender prominent primary veins; petioles
ROSACE^E 411
villose early in the season, becoming glabrous, usually about \' in length; leaves at the end
of vigorous shoots usually elliptic, acute, coarsely serrate, frequently 3' long and 1^' wide,
with stouter and more broadly winged petioles. Flowers f'-l' in diameter, on slender
pedicels, in broad many-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous,
the lobes elongated, linear-lanceolate, entire or occasionally slightly dentate; stamens
20; anthers large, bright rose color; styles tw r o or three, surrounded at base by con-
spicuous tufts of white hairs. Fruit ripening late in October or in November, on slender
pedicels about |' long, in few-fruited drooping clusters, short-oblong, green tinged with
dull red, \' long, with only slightly enlarged erect and incurved calyx-lobes mostly decidu-
ous before the fruit ripens; flesh thin, green, dry and hard; nutlets 2 or 3, with a high
rounded ridge, \' long.
A tree, 15-20 high, with a trunk 8'-10' in diameter, covered with dark scaly bark, small
spreading branches forming a broad open irregular head, and nearly straight dull chestnut-
brown branchlets gray-brown in their second year, and unarmed or sparingly armed with
stout straight chestnut-brown spines l^'-lf long.
Distribution. Rich upland woods near Fulton, Hemstead County, southern Arkansas;
Chopin, Natchitoches Parish, near Winn, Winnfield Parish, and Lake Charles, Calcasieu
Parish, Louisiana; in the neighborhood of Marshall, Harris County, Texas.
12. Crataegus Cocksii Sarg.
Leaves oblong-obovate, acute or rounded at apex, gradually narrowed and cuneate at
base, finely serrate above the middle with straight acuminate teeth, glabrous, dark green
Fig. 364
and lustrous above, dull and paler below, I'-l j' long, and \'-\' wide, with a slender midrib,
and primary veins mostly within the parenchyma; petioles slender, about \' in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-obovate, rounded or abruptly short-pointed at
apex, thicker, more coarsely serrate, often 1^' long and 1' wide. Flowers \'-\' in diameter,
on slender pedicels, in compact few-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly ob-
conic, glabrous, the lobes oblong-ovate, gradually narrowed and acuminate, entire, sparingly
villose on the inner surface; stamens 20, small, pale rose color; styles 2 or 3, surrounded
at base by clusters of white hairs. Fruit ripening in October, on slender pedicels about \'
in length, in few-fruited clusters, short-oblong to slightly obovoid, crimson, lustrous,
i'-' long, with spreading calyx-lobes mostly deciduous from the ripe fruit; nutlets 2 or 3,
obovoid, acute at apex, rounded at base, prominently ridged on the back, \ r long.
A slender tree, 20 -25 high, with a tall trunk 4 '-6' in diameter, with dark red-brown bark
covered with small closely appressed scales, smooth slender drooping branches forming a
broad open head, and slender bright red-brown pendulous branchlets becoming gray in
their second year, and armed with straight slender dark chestnut-brown lustrous spines
H'-lf ID length.
412 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
Distribution. Low rich woods at the marble quarry near Winnfield, Winn Parish,
Louisiana.
Distinct in the Crus-galli Group in its head of slender pendulous branches.
13. Crataegus arborea Beadl.
Leaves obovate to oblanceolate, narrowed, acute or rounded at apex, gradually nar-
rowed and concave-cuneate at the long tapering entire base, and finely serrate above the
middle with minute straight teeth, nearly fully grown when the flowers open the middle of
April and then glabrous, and at maturity subcoriaceous, bright green and lustrous above,
pale below, If '-2' long, and about f ' wide; turning in the autumn orange, yellow, and brown;
Fig. 365
petioles ^'-f in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots coarsely serrate, occasionally
slightly lobed, and often 3' long and 1|' wide. Flowers \' in diameter, on slender pedicels,
in broad many-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes
slender, elongated, acuminate, slightly serrate; stamens 20; anthers pale yellow; styles
usually 2. Fruit ripening in September and October, globose to subglobose, \'-\' in diame-
ter, red, the calyx enlarged, with elongated coarsely glandular-serrate reflexed lobes; nutlets
usually 2, about j' long.
A tree, sometimes 30 high, with a trunk 12'-18' in diameter, spreading or ascending
branches forming a broad handsome head, and branchlets orange-green in their first season,
becoming reddish in their first winter, and usually unarmed.
Distribution. In open woods usually in clay soil near Montgomery, Montgomery
County, Alabama.
14. Crataegus uniqua Sarg.
Leaves oblong-obovate, acute or occasionally rounded at apex, gradually narrowed to
the long cuneate base, and finely serrate above the middle with straight or incurved glandu-
lar teeth, more than half grown and sparingly villose on the upper side of the midrib when
the flowers open the middle of April, and at maturity glabrous, dark green and lustrous
above, paler below 7 , I'-l J' long, and ^'-f ' wide, with a thin midrib, and slender primary
veins mostly within the parenchyma; petioles slender, glabrous, %'-%' in length ; leaves at
the end of vigorous shoots broad-obovate, rounded or acute at apex, coarsely serrate, 2'-2|'
long, and I'-lJ' wide. Flowers \'-\' in diameter, on slender pedicels, in mostly 5-8-flow-
ered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the lobes short and broad, acuminate,
entire or slightly dentate near the middle, sparingly villose on the inner surface; stamens
20; anthers small, nearly white; styles 2 or 3. Fruit on slender drooping pedicels, short-
oblong, rounded at the ends, dull red, about \' long and \ ' thick; calyx prominent, with
ROSACE^E
413
reflexed closely appressed persistent lobes; flesh thin, dry and hard; nutlets 2 or 3, broad
and rounded at base, narrowed at apex, about j' long.
A tree, 18-20 high, with a slender stem covered with close dark slightly ridged bark,
small wide-spreading branches forming a flat-topped head, and slender slightly zigzag
Fig. 366
orange or red-brown branchlets unarmed, or armed with few or many straight or slightly
curved dark chestnut-brown shining spines f'-l' in length.
Distribution. Woods in low sandy soil; eastern Texas (near Marshall, Harrison County,
and Livingston, Polk County).