maturity thick and firm, pale gray-green and glabrous on the upper surface, more or less
villose on the lower surface, 2 '-3' long, and f '-If wide, with a broad prominent midrib, and
primary veins deeply impressed on the upper surface; turning bright orange or orange and
scarlet in the autumn; petioles stout, at first villose or tomentose, becoming pubescent or
glabrous, '-f in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots usually incisely lobed, and
often 3'-4' long and If -2' wide. Flowers f -f ' in diameter, on slender villose pedicels, in
tomentose or villose many-flowered compact corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, villose
or tomentose, the lobes narrow, acute, nearly entire or minutely glandular-serrate, villose
on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers rose color or yellow; styles 5, surrounded at base
by conspicuous tufts of white hairs. Fruit ripening and falling in October, on elongated
nearly glabrous pedicels, in drooping clusters, short-oblong to subglobose, truncate at
the ends dull red or bright yellow (var. aurea Ait.) and usually agreeing with the anthers
in color, marked by numerous small white dots, f-1' long; nutlets 5, about \' long.
424 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
A tree, 20-30 high, with a trunk occasionally a foot in diameter, stout branches spread-
ing nearly at right angles and forming a round or flat-topped head, or sometimes ascending
and forming a narrow open irregular head, and branchlets coated at first with pale decidu-
ous pubescence, becoming light orange-brown or ashy gray, and armed with slender straight
light orange-brown or gray spines 2'-3' long.
Distribution. Common and generally distributed; rich hillsides; valley of the Chateau-
gay River, Quebec, to the valley of the Detroit River, Ontario, southward through western
New England to Delaware, and along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia,
ascending in North Carolina and Tennessee to altitudes of nearly 6000, and westward
through New York, Ohio and Indiana to southern Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, southern
Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota, and in central Iowa. A form (var. canescens Britt.),
densely hoary-tomentose on the under surface of the leaves, and on the petioles and
corymbs, occurs in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and near Albany, Albany County, New
York; and a form (var. microphylla Sarg.) with smaller leaves and compact few-flowered
corymbs has been found at Linesville Crawford County, Pennsylvania.
27. Crataegus pausiaca Ashe.
Leaves oblong-obovate to oval, rounded or acute at apex, gradually narrowed from near
the middle to the concave-cuneate entire base, and finely doubly serrate above with straight
glandular teeth, more than half grown when the flowers open from the 20th to the end of
Fig. 379
May and then membranaceous, dark yellow-green, and slightly villose above and along
the under side of the midrib and veins, and at maturity glabrous, dark yellow-green above,
paler below, 2'-2|' long, and !?'-!' wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and 5 or 6 pairs of
primary veins extending very obliquely to the end of the leaf; petioles slender, wing-mar-
gined above the middle, villose only early in the season, f'-l' in length; leaves at the end
of vigorous shoots elliptic to rhombic, long-pointed, slightly or deeply divided into broad
lateral lobes, coarsely serrate, often 3'-4' long and 2'-2^' wide. Flowers \' in diameter,
on long slender hairy pedicels, in broad many-flowered thin-branched villose corymbs;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, villose below with closely appressed white hairs, glabrous
above, the lobes abruptly narrowed from the base, slender, acuminate, tipped with minute
dark glands, entire or occasionally obscurely toothed above the middle, glabrous on the
outer surface, villose on the inner surface; stamens 10-15, rarely 20; anthers dark rose
color; styles 2 or 3, surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening
about the middle of October, on elongated slender slightly hairy pedicels, in drooping
many-fruited clusters, short-oblong to obovoid, broad and rounded at the ends, dull brick-
ROSACE.E
425
red, marked by large pale dots, fV^iV long, and about f thick; calyx small, with spreading
appressed lobes mostly deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, hard, slightly juicy, green
or greenish yellow; nutlets 3 or 4, thin, acute or obtuse at the ends, ridged on the back
with a high broad deeply grooved ridge, about \' long.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a tall straight trunk often a foot in diameter, covered with
dark brown scaly bark, stout wide-spreading branches forming a broad symmetrical round
or flat-topped head, slender straight branchlets light orange-green and sparingly villose at
first, becoming light orange-brown during their first season, light or dark gray-brown the
following year, and armed with numerous stout slender straight orange-brown shining
spines l'-2' in length, long persistent on the branches and trunk, finally ashy gray, and
becoming sometimes a foot long, with long slender lateral spines.
Distribution. Dry limestone hills and low moist bottom-lands, Bucks, Berks and Dela-
ware counties, eastern Pennsylvania; at Chapin, Ontario County, New York.
28. Cratsegus collina Chapm.
Leaves obovate to oval or occasionally to rhombic, acute, gradually narrowed or broadly
cuneate at the entire base, and irregularly and often doubly serrate above with glandular
incurved or straight teeth, when they unfold bright red and covered with soft pale hairs
Fig. 380
most abundant on the under side of the midrib and principal veins, less than one third
grown when the flowers open at the end of April, and at maturity subcoriaceous, yellow-
green on the upper surface, paler on the lower surface, glabrous with the exception of a
few hairs on the under side of the stout yellow midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of slender primary
veins, If '-2' in length, and l'-lj' wide; petioles slender, villose, soon glabrous, more or less
winged toward the apex, j' f long; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots frequently divided
into short broad acute lateral lobes, more coarsely dentate and often 3' long and 2f ' wide,
with a stout broadly winged petiole generally light red like the lower side of the base of
the midrib. Flowers f ' in diameter, on long stout pedicels, in broad many-flowered vil-
lose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, villose particularly toward the base, the lobes
gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, usually glabrous on the outer 'surface,
villose on the inner surface, finely glandular-serrate with dark glands, bright red toward the
apex ; stamens usually 20 ; anthers large, pale yellow ; styles 5 . Fruit ripening in September,
on stout elongated pedicels, in few-fruited erect or drooping puberulous clusters, subglobose
but sometimes rather broader than long, dull red, marked by small pale dots, j'~ in
diameter; calyx enlarged, the lobes closely appressed, glandular-serrate, mostly persistent;
426
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
flesh yellow; nutlets 5, broad and rounded at the ends, ridged and often grooved on the
back, about ?' long.
A tree, usually 15-20 but occasionally 25 high, with a tall straight trunk often but-
tressed at base, frequently armed with numerous large much-branched spines sometimes
6'-8' long, stout wide-spreading branches forming a handsome flat-topped symmetrical
head, and branchlets tinged with red and villose with long matted silky white hairs when
they first appear, soon puberulous, and dull reddish brown, becoming gray in their second
year, and furnished with stout lustrous spines 2'-3' long.
Distribution. Hillsides in rich soil in the foothill region of the southern Appalachian
Mountains from southwestern Virginia to central Georgia and westward to northeastern
Mississippi and middle Tennessee; in central Alabama; ascending to altitudes of 2500 above
the sea.
29. Crataegus amnicola Beadl.
Leaves obovate, oval or ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, gradually narrowed and
concave-cuneate at the entire base, coarsely sometimes doubly serrate above with straight
or incurved glandular teeth, and incisely lobed above the middle with short acute or acu-
Fig. 381
ruinate lobes, deeply tinged with red and covered with short pale mostly caducous hairs
when they unfold, about half grown and sparingly villose on the midrib and veins when the
flowers open late in April or early in May, and at maturity subcoriaceous, bright green,
glabrous, 1|'-1|' long, and I'-l^' wide; turning in the autumn yellow, orange, red, and
brown; petioles slender, sparingly villose early in the season, becoming glabrous, sometimes
slightly glandular, \'-\' in length: leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes 2' long
and 1|' wide. Flowers about f in diameter, on elongated slender slightly villose pedicels,
in narrow many-flowered villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous or with a
few scattered hairs at the base, the lobes narrow, acuminate, glandular-serrate, glabrous;
stamens 20; anthers nearly white; styles 3-5. Fruit on slender elongated glabrous pedicels,
in drooping few-fruited clusters, subglobose, dull red, about % in diameter; calyx enlarged,
with elongated coarsely serrate reflexed conspicuous lobes; flesh yellow, thin, and firm:
nutlets 3-5, rounded or slightly grooved on the back, nearly \' long.
A tree, occasionally 25 high, with a trunk 8'-12' in diameter, spreading or ascending
branches forming a large wide head, and branchlets villose at first with long matted white
hairs, soon glabrous, becoming orange-brown and ultimately ashy gray, and unarmed,
or armed with stout spines l|'-2' long.
Distribution. Low moist woods and the borders of streams, southeastern Tennessee,
northwestern Georgia, and northeastern Alabama; common.
ROSACES 427
30. Crataegus fastosa Sarg.
Leaves broadly oval to ovate, rounded or acute at apex, concave-cuneate or rounded at
the entire base, and coarsely doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, when they
unfold covered above with long pale hairs and provided below with large tufts of snow-
white tomentum in the axils of the primary veins, when the flowers open from the 20th to
the 25th of April dark yellow-green and nearly glabrous on the upper surface and still
tomentose in the axils of the veins below, and at maturity subcoriaceous, glabrous, yellow-
green and lustrous above, pale yellow-green below, If '-2' long, and l'-2' wide, with a prom-
inent light yellow midrib deeply impressed on the upper side, and usually 3-5 pairs of
primary veins; petioles slender, at first densely villose, becoming puberulous, \'-\' in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots occasionally lobed with broad acute lobes.
Flowers about f in diameter, on slender pedicels, in compact many-flowered glabrous
corymbs, with large conspicuous oblong-obovate and acute to lanceolate coarsely glandular-
serrate bracts and bractlets usually persistent until after the petals fall; calyx broadly
obconic, the lobes abruptly narrowed at base, slender, acuminate, coarsely glandular-
Fig. 382
serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers
pale yellow; styles 5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit
ripening from the middle to the end of October, on thin reddish pedicels, in few-fruited
drooping clusters, subglobose. to short-oblong, dull orange-red, marked by large pale dots,
f ' in diameter; calyx enlarged, with spreading serrate lobes villose on the upper side, mostly
deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow-green; nutlets 3-5, thin, narrowed at the
ends, obscurely ridged on the back with a broad low often grooved ridge, about T V long.
A tree, 18-20 high, with a short trunk 8'-12' in diameter, covered with dark brown or
nearly black scaly bark, small ascending branches forming an irregular open head, and
slender nearly straight branchlets, dark orange-green tinged with red when they first appear,
becoming before autumn bright reddish brown and very lustrous, and dull reddish brown
the following year, and armed with numerous stout nearly straight bright chestnut-brown
shining spines l^'-2' long.
Distribution. Low woods near Fulton, Hemstead County, Arkansas; not common.
31. Crataegus silvestris Sarg.
Leaves ovate, oval or rarely obovate, acuminate, concave-cuneate or rounded at the
entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided
above the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of small acuminate lobes, nearly fully grown when the
flowers open at the end of May and then roughened above by short white hairs, and villose
428
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
below on the slender midrib and veins, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark yellow-green
lustrous and scabrate on the upper surface, paler and still villose on the lower surface,
2j'-2^' long, and If '-2' wide; petioles stout, slightly hairy on the upper side, occasion-
ally glandular, and f '-f ' in length. Flowers f ' in diameter, on slender villose pedicels, in
compact villose usually 6-8-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the
lobes slender, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, slightly villose on the inner surface;
stamens 20; anthers pink; styles usually 3. Fruit ripening at the end of September, on
slender reddish slightly hairy pedicels, in few-fruited erect or spreading clusters, subglobose
to short-oblong, truncate at base, rounded at apex, dull orange-red, about |' in diameter:
Fig. 383
calyx prominent with a broad deep cavity, and spreading coarsely serrate persistent lobes
villose on the upper surface; flesh thick, dry and mealy; nutlets 3, gradually narrowed and
rounded at the ends, ridged on the back with a high deeply grooved ridge, about ^' long
and i'-i' wide.
A tree,30-35 high, with a tall trunk often 1 in diameter, large ascending and spreading
branches forming an open head, and stout nearly straight glabrous branchlets, light orange-
green and marked by small pale lenticels when they first appear, becoming light chestnut-
brown and lustrous in then* first season, and dull red-brown the following year, and armed
with slender straight .or slightly curved dark chestnut-brown lustrous spines l'-l|' long.
Distribution. Woods in low moist soil, near London, Ontario.
32. Crataegus verruculosa Sarg.
Leaves obovate to rhombic, acute or rarely rounded at apex, cuneate and entire at base,
and sharply often doubly serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, when
they unfold dark red, covered above by short pale hairs and below by long matted white
hairs most abundant on the midrib and veins, about half grown when the flowers open from
the 1st to the 10th of May and then thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper
surface, and paler and pubescent on the lower surface, and at maturity subcoriaceous,
dark green, lustrous and nearly smooth above, pale and still pubescent below on the stout
midrib and conspicuous primary veins extending very obliquely toward the end of the leaf,
l|'-2' long, and I'-l^' wide; petioles stout, wing-margined at apex, at first villose, becoming
pubescent or puberulous, j'-f in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often broad-
ovate to oval, sharply doubly serrate with straight teeth, sometimes slightly lobed above
the middle with short acute lobes, and frequently 3' long and 2' wide. Flowers ' in di-
ameter, on long slender villose pedicels, in broad lax compound 6-12 usually 9-flowered
villose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, thickly covered with matted pale hairs, the
lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, slender, acute, tinged with red at apex, spar-
ROSACES
429
ingly glandular-serrate, pubescent; stamens 20; anthers pale rose color; styles 3-5 sur-
rounded at base by a broad ring of long pale hairs. Fruit ripening about the 1st of Octo-
ber, on stout pubescent pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, subglobose, somewhat
flattened and pubescent at the ends, dark red; calyx prominent, with more or less decid-
uous lobes; nutlets 3-5, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded and very irregularly
ridged and sometimes obscurely grooved on the back, about \' long.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a tall trunk 10'-12' in diameter, thick spreading branches
forming a broad compact round-topped symmetrical head, and stout nearly straight
branchlets thickly covered with matted pale hairs when they first appear, becoming reddish
Fig. 384
or orange-brown, nearly glabrous and roughened by minute tubercles at the end of their
first season, gray-brown the following year, and armed with numerous straight stout or
slender dark chestnut-brown very lustrous spines f '-!' long.
Distribution. Springfield, Greene County, Missouri; not rare.
33. Crataegus sordida Sarg.
Leaves rhombic, acute, or occasionally obovate and rarely rounded at apex, cuneate
and entire below, serrate above with narrow straight or incurved glandular teeth, and occa-
sionally irregularly divided above the middle into short acute lobes, about half grown when
the flowers open the first week of May and then membranaceous, bright green, lustrous
and glabrous with the exception of a few short caducous hairs on the upper surface, particu-
larly on the midrib and principal veins, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark green and
lustrous above, paler below, generally about \\' long and 1 \' wide; petioles stout, slightly
winged toward the apex, at first villose, soon glabrous, about \' long, often bright red in the
autumn; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes oblong or oval, coarsely dentate,
usually divided above the middle into short acute lobes, 3'-4' long, 2'-2' wide, and de-
current on the stout glandular petioles. Flowers I'-lj' in diameter, on slender pedicels,
in few-flowered compact slightly villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the lobes
narrow, acuminate, villose on the inner surface; petals dull white; stamens 20; anthers small,
rose color; styles 2 or 3, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripening
and falling the middle of September, on short pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters,
globose, \'-\' in diameter, dark dull red; calyx prominent, with elongated coarsely serrate
appressed or incurved lobes; flesh thin and yellow; nutlets 2 or 3, broad, rounded and ridged
on the back with a low rounded ridge, j' long.
A slender tree, 20-25 high, with a tall trunk 5'-6' in diameter, often armed with long-
430
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
branched spines, small ascending branches forming a narrow oval head, and slender nearly
straight branchlets, dark orange-green and villose with long scattered pale hairs some-
times persistent until autumn, dull chestnut-brown in their second season, and dark
Fig. 385
gray-brown the following year, and furnished with numerous thin nearly straight bright
chestnut-brown shining spines 1'-%%' long, or often unarmed.
Distribution. Low woods and the gravelly banks of streams in Shannon, Carter, and
.Ripley Counties, southern Missouri.
34. Crataegus brazoria Sarg.
Leaves oval to obovate, acute or acuminate at apex, gradually narrowed, cuneate and
entire at base, and coarsely and irregularly glandular-serrate above with straight spreading
teeth, coated with hoary tomentum and often bright red when they unfold, nearly fully
Fig. 386
grown and covered with short soft pale hairs most abundant on the under side of the thin
midrib and 3 or 4 pairs of primary veins when the flowers open from the middle to the end
of March, and at maturity thin and firm in texture, glabrous, dark green and lustrous
ROSACES
431
above, paler below, 2'-2|' long, and lj'-li' wide; petioles slender, early in the season to-
raentose, becoming glabrous or puberulous, i'-f' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous
shoots broad-ovate or oblong, rounded or broad-cuneate at base, coarsely dentate, 5' long,
and 2|' w y ide, Flowers f in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in broad slightly villose 7
or 8-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated with long matted pale hairs,
the lobes narrow, acuminate, obscurely glandular-serrate or nearly entire, villose on both
surfaces; stamens 20; anthers small, dark red; styles 5, surrounded at base by a thin ring of
hoary tomentum. Fruit ripening after the 1st of October, in spreading or drooping few-
fruited clusters, subglobose and often rather longer than broad, bright canary-yellow,
marked by occasional dark dots, %'-%' long; calyx prominent, the lobes usually deciduous
before the fruit ripens; flesh thin, light yellow, rather dry but sweet and edible; nutlets
5, rounded and grooved on the back, \' long.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a tall straight trunk 8'-10' in diameter, numerous ascending
branches forming a handsome symmetrical round-topped head, and branchlets covered
when they first appear with matted pale hairs, dull reddish brown and often puberulous
in their second season, and reddish brow T n the following year, and unarmed or occasionally
armed with long thin gray spines.
Distribution. Low rich woods near the banks of the Brazos River, Columbia and Bra-
zoria, Brazoria County, Texas.
35. Crataegus dallasiana Sarg.
Leaves oblong, acute, acuminate or rounded at apex, gradually narrowed to the concave-
cuneate entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above w T ith straight glandular teeth, and usu-
ally slightly lobed above the middle, coated below with thick hoary tomentum and villose
Fig. 387
above as they unfold, nearly fully grown and villose or tomentose below when the flowers
open early in April, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green, glabrous and lustrous on the
upper surface, pale and pubescent on the lower surface on the slender midrib and 3 or 4
pairs of thin arching veins, l-f-2^' long, and 1 \'-\\' wide; petioles slender, wing-margined
toward the apex, hoary-tomentose early in the season, becoming glabrous, about \' in
length. Flowers about f in diameter, on long slender hairy pedicels, in many-flowered
densely villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, densely coated with long matted
pale hairs, the lobes slender, acuminate, tipped with a minute red gland, sparingly and
irregularly glandular-serrate, villose; stamens 20; anthers light rose color; styles 5. Fruit
ripening at midsummer, on stout erect slightly hairy pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, sub-
432
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
globose, dull dark red, f'-^' in diameter; calyx prominent, with spreading lobes bright red
on the upper side at the base; nutlets 5, acute at the narrow ends, thin, rounded and
grooved with a broad shallow groove or irregularly ridged on the back, j'-fV Jong.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a tall trunk 4 '-6' in diameter, covered with pale bark, small
erect branches forming an open irregular head, and slender somewhat zigzag branchlets
thickly coated at first with hoary tomentum, reddish brown and lustrous before autumn,
ultimately ashy gray, and armed with straight slender gray spines 1|'-1|' long.
Distribution. Forest-covered bottom-lands of the small tributaries of the Trinity River,
Dallas County, Texas; not common.
36. Crataegus Lettermanii Sarg.
Leaves obovate, acute or acuminate or rounded and short-pointed at apex, gradually
narrowed from near the middle and cuneate at the mostly entire base, coarsely often
doubly serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, and frequently slightly and
Fig. 388
irregularly divided above the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of short acute lobes, strongly plicate
when they unfold and covered with a thick coat of pale tomentum, nearly half grown,
roughened above by short pale hairs and pubescent below when the flowers open early in
May, and at maturity thick, bright yellow-green and scabrate above, pale and pubescent
below on the stout midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of primary veins, about 2' long and \%' wide;
petioles stout, more or less winged above the middle, at first tomentose, becoming
pubescent or nearly glabrous, usually about f in length; leaves at the end of vigorous
shoots broad-oval, acute or acuminate, more coarsely serrate, 2|'-3' long, and 2'-2|' wide.
Flowers about f ' in diameter, on short villose pedicels in compact, many-flowered thick-
branched densely villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, tomentose, the lobes narrow,
acuminate, finely glandular-serrate, villose; stamens 10; anthers small, pale yellow; styles
5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit ripening early in October,
on stout pubescent pedicels, in few-fruited spreading or drooping clusters, subglobose or