short-oblong to obovoid or nearly globose, dull orange color, marked by minute dark dots,
about \' long; calyx enlarged, conspicuous, with spreading or closely appressed lobes dull
red on the upper side at base, often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh very thin, yel-
low, dry and hard; nutlets 5, rounded and sometimes obscurely grooved on the back, about
tV long-
A tree, 20-25 high, with a tall straight trunk often a foot in diameter, covered with
thin dark brown scaly bark, long ascending branches forming a narrow head, and slender
nearly straight branchlets, unarmed or armed with occasional slender straight chestnut-
brown lustrous spines f'-l' long.
Distribution. Bottom-lands of the Trinity River and its branches near Dallas, Dallas
County, Texas, in forests of Elms and Nettle-trees.
442
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
45. Crataegus blanda Sarg.
Leaves oval to rhombic, acute or acuminate, and occasionally slightly lobed toward the
apex, broadly cuneate or concave-cuneate at the entire base, coarsely crenately serrate
above the middle with gland-tipped teeth, coated with soft pale hairs when they unfold,
fully grown when the flowers open about the 1st of May, and then membranaceous, dark
green and lustrous above and glabrous below with the exception of large axillary tufts of
snow-white tomentum, and at maturity subcoriaceous, yellow-green and lustrous on the
upper surface, paler on the lower surface, l|'-2' long, and I'-l^' wide, with a slender mid-
rib, and 2 or 3 pairs of thin primary veins extending obliquely toward the end of the leaf;
Fig. 397
petioles slender, at first villose along the upper side, soon becoming glabrous, f'-l' in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often broadly ovate, rounded at base, more
deeply lobed above the middle, 2'-2|' long, and l|'-2' wide. Flowers 1' in diameter, on
slender elongated pedicels, in broad many-flowered corymbs, with linear entire bracts
and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a
broad base, acuminate, entire or obscurely dentate, glabrous; stamens 20; anthers canary-
"yellow ; styles 5. Fruit ripening about the middle of October, on slender pedicels, in many-
fruited drooping clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, bright orange-red, \' in diameter;
calyx prominent, with spreading lobes usually deciduous from the ripe fruit; nutlets 5,
thin, narrowed at the ends, deeply grooved on the back, \' long.
An unarmed tree, 25-30 high, with a tall trunk 10'-12' in diameter, covered with dark
brown or nearly black bark divided by shallow fissures and broken on the surface into small
plate-like scales, stout ascending branches forming a broad irregular head, and nearly
straight glabrous branchlets dark orange-green at first, becoming dull red-brown during
their first season and darker brown the following year.
Distribution. Dry uplands and low rolling hills near Fulton, Hempstead County,
Arkansas.
46. Crataegus velutina Sarg.
Leaves ovate to obovate, acute or rounded at apex, gradually narrowed and cuneate at
the entire base, and sharply often doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth, more than
half grown when the flowers open at the end of April and then covered above by short
white hairs and below with hoary pubescence, and often furnished with axillary tufts of
white tomentum, and at maturity glabrous, smooth and lustrous on the upper surface and
covered on the lower surface with matted pale hairs, If -2' long, and H'-2' wide, with a
thin midrib and primary veins; petioles slender, thickly covered early in the season with
ROSACES
443
matted hairs, becoming glabrous, '-!' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
ovate, rounded or broad-cuneate at base, coarsely serrate, usually slightly lobed above the
middle, and often 2|'-3' long and 1^' wide. Flowers \' in diameter on slender villose pedi-
cels, in usually 7-12-flowered hairy corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, villose, the lobes
gradually narrowed from a broad base, short, acute, entire, slightly villose; stamens 20;
anthers yellow; styles 5. Fruit on long slender glabrous or nearly glabrous drooping stems
in few-fruited clusters, subglobose, orange-red, marked by small pale dots, about \' in
diameter: calyx prominent, with a deep narrow cavity pointed in the bottom, and closely
Fig. 398
appressed lobes; flesh thin, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, acute at base, rounded at apex, ridged
on the back with a low grooved ridge, about \' long and \' wide.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a trunk 8'-10' in diameter, covered with dark rough scaly bark,
and slender slightly zigzag branchlets, hoary -tomentose when they first appear, light red-
dish brown, marked by pale lenticels and glabrous or sometimes pubescent near the end
in their first autumn, and ashy gray the following year, and armed with slender nearly
straight chestnut-brown spines l'-l' in length.
Distribution. Uplands in dry sandy soil, Fulton, Hempstead County, near Texacana,
Bowie County, Arkansas; and in the valley of the lower Brazos River (near Columbia,
Brazoria County), Texas.
47. Crataegus arborescens Ell.
Leaves elliptic to oblong-obovate, acute, acuminate or rarely rounded and abruptly
short-pointed and slightly lobed at apex, gradually narrowed cuneate and entire at base,
and coarsely doubly serrate above the middle with incurved glandular teeth, villose on the
upper side of the midrib with short white hairs when they unfold, and at maturity thin,
glabrous, dark green and lustrous on the upper surface, paler and often furnished on the
lower surface with small axillary tufts of pale hairs, l'-2' long, and f '-!' wide, with a slen-
der midrib and primary veins; petioles slender, glabrous, f'-l' in length; leaves at the end
of vigorous shoots oval to oblong-ovate or elliptic, acuminate, abruptly or gradually nar-
rowed and cuneate at base, more or less deeply lobed with acuminate lateral lobes, often
2^' long and 1 j' wide, their petioles stout, and glabrous early in the season. Flowers \' in
diameter, on slender pedicels, in wide many-flowered compound corymbs; calyx-tube nar-
rowly obconic, glabrous or slightly pilose, the lobes slender, acuminate, entire, glabrous
or slightly villose on the inner surface, deciduous from the ripe fruit; stamens 20; anthers
444 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
deep rose color; styles usually 5. Fruit on short pedicels in many-fruited drooping clus-
ters, globose or subglobose, orange-red, j' 3' in diameter; nutlets 5, pointed at the ends,
slightly ridged on the back, about ' long.
399
A tree, 25-30 high, with a tall trunk 12'-18' in diameter covered with close pale gray
bark, spreading and erect branches forming a broad rather open irregular head, and slender
glabrous red-brown branchlets, ashy gray in their second season, and unarmed or armed
with straight slender chestnut-brown spines.
Distribution. River banks, low wet woods and borders of swamps; Georgia-coast
region, near Dorchester, Liberty County, in the neighborhood of Savannah, and on-
the Ogeechee River at Fort Argyle, Chatham County (type station); near Augusta,
Richmond County, Georgia.
48. Crataegus nitida Sarg.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong-obovate, acuminate, abruptly or gradually narrowed and
cuneate at the entire base, coarsely serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth,
Fig. 400
and often more or less divided into 2 or 3 pairs of broad acute lobes, dark red and slightly
villose along the upper side of the midrib with scattered caducous hairs when they unfold,
ROSACE.E
445
nearly fully grown when the flowers open early in May, and at maturity thick and coria-
ceous, dark green and very lustrous on the upper surface, pale and dull on the lower sur-
face, 2'-3' long, and l'-l|' wide, with a prominent midrib usually red on the lower side, and
few thin prominent primary veins generally extending to the point of the lobes; turning in
the autumn rich orange color through shades of bronze and orange-red; petioles stout, gland-
ular, villose while young on the upper side, soon becoming glabrous, i'-f in length; leaves
at the end of vigorous shoots more deeply lobed and frequently 5' long and 2^' wide. Flow-
ers -' in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in broad compound many-flowered glabrous
corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes slender, elongated, acuminate,
entire or sparingly glandular-serrate; stamens 15-20; anthers pale yellow; styles 2-5.
Fruit ripening at the end of October, on slender elongated pedicels, in many-fruited droop-
ing clusters, short -oblong, full and rounded at the ends, pruinose with a glaucous bloom,
marked by small dark dots, '-f long, and about f in diameter; calyx only slightly en-
larged, the lobes dark red at the base on the upper side, usually erect, often deciduous be-
fore the fruit ripens; nutlets 2-5, rounded and ridged on the back with a broad low rounded
ridge, light-colored, |' long.
A tree, often 30 high, with a tall straight trunk sometimes 18' in diameter, covered with
close dark bark broken into thick plate-like scales, stout spreading lower branches and
erect upper branches forming a broad often irregular head, and slender glabrous branchlets
bright orange-brown and lustrous during their first and second seasons, becoming pale
reddish brown in their third year, and ultimately ashy gray, and unarmed or armed with
occasional straight thin bright chestnut-brown lustrous spines I'-l^' long.
Distribution. Bottoms of the Mississippi River, St. Clair County, Illinois; common.
49. Crataegus mitis Sarg.
Leaves obovate to oval or rhombic, acute or rarely rounded at apex, gradually narrowed
and concave-cuneate at the entire base, and coarsely serrate above wdth straight glandular
teeth, nearly fully grown when the flowers open during the first week of May, and then
light yellow-green above, paler below, and glabrous with the exception of a few short hairs
on the upper side of the midrib, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark green and lustrous on
the upper surface, pale yellow-green on the lower surface, \\'-^>\' long, and I'-l \' wide, with
Fig. 401
a prominent midrib and slender primary veins; petioles stout, wing-margined at apex, occa-
sionally glandular with minute glands, \\'-\\' in length. Flowers \'-\' in diameter, on
long slender pedicels, Y compact 8-15-flowered glabrous corymbs, w r ith red glandular bracts
446
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes glabrous, abruptly narrowed
from a broad base, acuminate, finely glandular-serrate below the middle with minute
stipitate red glands; stamens 20; anthers yellow; styles 2-4, usually 3. Fruit ripening the
middle of October, on slender pedicels, in many-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose to
short-oblong, rounded at the ends, dark crimson, marked by occasional large dark dots, \'-
f long, about ' in diameter; calyx only slightly enlarged, the lobes serrate, closely ap-
pressed, often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, pale orange color, and juicy; nut-
lets usually 3, thick, full and rounded at the ends, prominently ridged on the back, with
a broad high rounded deeply grooved ridge, about \' long.
A tree, 25-30 high, with a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter, covered with dark
scaly bark, large spreading branches forming a broad round-topped head, and glabrous
branchlets dull light reddish brown during their first season, becoming dark brown or ashy
gray, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved dull red-brown or purplish spines
usually about 1^' long.
Distribution. Low moist rich soil on the bottoms of the Mississippi River near the vil-
lage of Kahokia, St. Glair County, Illinois.
50. Crataegus atrorubens Ashe.
Leaves ovate, acute, usually rounded or sometimes cuneate or truncate at the broad
entire base, coarsely and usually doubly serrate above, and often divided into 2 or 3 pairs
Fig. 402
of short acute lobes, about half grown when the flowers open late in April or early in May
and then slightly roughened above by short scattered white hairs, and furnished below
with conspicuous axillary tufts of pale tomentum, and at maturity thin, glabrous, dark
dull green and smooth on the upper surface, light yellow-green on the lower surface, about
2' long and If wide, or on vigorous shoots frequently 3' long, and 2^' wide, with a thin
midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of slender primary veins; petioles slender, nearly terete, more or less
densely villose early in the season, soon becoming glabrous, V-\\' in length. Flowers
about f in diameter, on slender elongated villose pedicels, in broad loose glabrous or
villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, densely villose throughout or only at base
with pale tomentum, the lobes short, acute, finely glandular-serrate, villose particularly
on the inner surface; stamens 20; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale
tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling early in October, on slender pedicels, in drooping
few-fruited clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, rounded at the ends, dark red; calyx
somewhat enlarged, with spreading lobes usually deciduous before the fruit ripens; nutlets
4 or 5, thin, rounded and sometimes obscurely grooved on the back, about T V long.
ROSACE^E 447
A tree, sometimes 30 high, with a tall trunk 12'-18' in diameter, covered with dark red-
brown scaly bark, thin erect and spreading branches forming a compact rather narrow
head, and slender glabrous branchlets marked by occasional dark lenticels, dark green more
or less tinged with red when they first appear, soon becoming dark chestnut-brown and
very lustrous, and bright reddish brown in their second year, and usually unarmed.
Distribution. St. Louis County, Missouri, and rich bottom-lands of the Mississippi
River, St. Clair County, Illinois; not common. ,
51. Cratsegus ingens Beadl.
Leaves obovate-oval or ovate, broadly or acutely cuneate at the entire base, crenately
serrate above, and often slightly lobed toward the acute apex, about half grown when the
flowers open at the end of April or early in May and then roughened above by short rigid
hairs and villose below along the midrib, and the remote slender veins extending obliquely
Fig. 403
to the point of the lobes, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark green and scabrate on the
upper surface, paler and nearly glabrous on the lower surface, !%'-%' long, and 1|'-1|' wide;
turning in the autumn yellow, orange, red, or brown; petioles stout, narrowly wing-mar-
gined to the middle, pubescent while young, becoming glabrous, about f ' in length; leaves
at the end of vigorous shoots more deeply lobed and often 3'-3|' long, and 2' wide, with a
stout broad-winged petiole sometimes l' long. Flowers '-f ' in diameter, on slender hairy
pedicels, in many-flowered compact hairy corymbs; calyx narrowly obconic, coated, espe-
cially toward the base with matted pale hairs, the lobes slender, elongated, acute, glandu-
lar with bright red glands, glabrous on the outer, sparingly villose on the inner surface;
stamens 20; anthers deep rose color; styles 3-5. Fruit ripening in October, on stout puber-
ulous pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, globose to subglobose, red, about f ' in
diameter; calyx little enlarged, with reflexed appressed nearly glabrous lobes; nutlets 3-5,
rounded or slightly grooved and ridged on the back, j' long.
A tree, sometimes 25 high, with a trunk a foot in diameter, spreading branches forming
a wide round-topped head, and unarmed branchlets covered at first with matted pale hairs,
soon becoming glabrous, dark chestnut-brown.
Distribution. Moist woods and the low banks of streams; southeastern Tennessee and
northwestern Georgia.
52. Crataegus penita Beadl.
Leaves broad-obovate, oval, or ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, broadly or acutely
concave-cuneate at the entire base, sharply often doubly serrate above with glandular
448
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
mostly straight teeth, and often slightly lobed above the middle, deeply tinged with red
and covered with pale hairs when they unfold, nearly fully grown when the flowers open
about the 1st of May and then smooth above, and glabrous below with the exception of
axillary tufts of pale hairs, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark green and lustrous on the
upper surface, paler on the lower surface, If '-2' long, and I'-lf ' wide, with a prominent
midrib and slender primary veins; turning orange, yellow, and brown in the autumn; petioles
slender, covered while young like the upper side of the base of the midrib with pale decid-
Fig. 404
uous hairs, ^'-f ' in length; leaves, at the end of vigorous shoots often rounded or subcordate
at base, more or less deeply lobed, and 2^ '-3' long and broad, with a stout broadly winged
glandular petiole. Flowers about f ' in diameter, on elongated glabrous or sparingly hairy
pedicels, in compact few-flowered nearly glabrous corymbs; calyx broadly obconic, glabrous,
the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, slender, acuminate, entire, or furnished
with occasional minute glandular teeth, slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens 20;
anthers white faintly tinged with pink; styles 3-5. Fruit ripening in October, on elongated
slender pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, globose or depressed-globose, red, about \'
in diameter; calyx enlarged, with spreading or reflexed lobes villose on the upper side; nut-
lets 3-5, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded and broadly grooved on the back, about
I' long.
A tree, 18-20 high, with a short trunk sometimes 10' in diameter, stout ascending or
spreading branches forming a wide head, unarmed branchlets puberulous while young,
soon glabrous, becoming light reddish brown.
Distribution. Low moist woods and the banks of streams; southeastern Tennessee.
53. Crataegus micracantha Sarg.
Leaves oblong-obovate to oval, acute, acuminate, or rarely rounded at apex, gradually
or abruptly narrowed from above or from below the middle to the cuneate entire base,
coarsely crenulate-serrate, and occasionally 3-lobed above with short broad acute lateral
lobes, w T hen they unfold villose on the upper and hoary-tomentose on the lower surface, more
than half grown when the flowers open about the middle of May and then membranaceous
and slightly villose above with short scattered pale hairs, and at maturity thin but firm
in texture, dark yellow-green, lustrous and smooth above, paler and tomentose below on
the slender midrib and 3 or 4 pairs of very obscure primary veins, 2'-2|' long, and l'-l \ f wide;
petioles slender, tomentose early in the season, becoming glabrous or pubescent, %'-!' in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often broadly rhombic to obovate, acuminate, fre-
quently deeply 3-lobed or divided into 2 or 3 pairs of short lateral lobes, usually 2*'- 3' long.
ROSACE.E 449
Flowers cup-shaped, \' in diameter, on long slender pedicels thickly coated with matted
white hairs, in broad lax many-flowered compound hairy corymbs; calyx-tube narrow \y
obconic, villose, the lobes linear, acuminate, entire, slightly villose, tipped with minute
dark glands; stamens usually 10, occasionally 12, 15, or 20; anthers small, deep bright red;
styles 5. Fruit ripening the middle of October, on slender pubescent pedicels, in drooping
many-fruited clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, full and rounded at the ends, bright
orange-red, lustrous, marked by occasional large pale dots, about \' long; calyx prominent,
Fig. 405
with a short villose tube, and spreading erect hairy lobes often deciduous from the ripe
fruit; nutlets 5, thin, acute at the narrow ends, rounded and sometimes slightly grooved on
the back, about j\' long.
An unarmed tree, sometimes 25 high, with a tall trunk 8'-12' in diameter, covered with
light or dark brown bark separating freely into thin narrow scales, stout spreading branches
forming a broad flat-topped handsome head, and slender nearly straight branchlets coated
until after the flowering time with thick hoary tomentum, bright red-brown and puberu-
lous during their first season, becoming light or dark dull reddish brown the following year.
Distribution. Common in low woods in rich moist soil near Fulton, Hempstead County,
Arkansas.
V. PRUINOS-E.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Stamens 20.
Anthers rose color.
Leaves elliptic; fruit subglobose, green and pruinose when fully grown, becoming dark
purple-red and very lustrous ; anthers large, deep rose color. 54. C. pruinosa (A, C) .
leaves ovate, acute or acuminate; fruit short-oblong, dull russet-green; anthers small,
light rose color. 55. C. georgiana (C).
Anthers white; leaves ovate, acute, cordate at base; fruit broader than high, scarlet,
pruinose, becoming lustrous. 56. C. callicarpa (A).
Stamens 10; anthers dark rose color; leaves broad-ovate, acuminate; fruit subglobose, green
more or less tinged with red, pruinose. 57. C. dismncta (A.)
54. Crataegus pruinosa K. Koch.
Leaves elliptic, acute, broadly or acutely cuneate at the entire base, irregularly and often
doubly serrate above with glandular straight or incurved teeth, and divided in 3 or 4 pairs
450
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
of short acute or acuminate lateral lobes, when they unfold bright red and glabrous with
the exception of a few r short caducous hairs on the upper side of the base of the midrib,
nearly fully grown when the flowers open from the middle to the end of May and then mem-
branaceous and bluish green, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark blue-green and often
glaucous above, pale below, I'-l?' long, and '-!' wide, with a slender midrib, and 3 or 4 pairs
of thin primary veins running to the point of the lobes; late in the autumn turning dull
orange color; petioles slender, glandular, slightly winged at the apex, often bright red in
early spring and in the autumn, I'-l?' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-
ovate, often rounded at base, more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, frequently
2|' long and wide, with stouter and more broadly winged petioles. Flowers f'-l/ in
diameter, on long slender pedicels, in few-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a wide base, long-pointed, finely
glandular-serrate below the middle; stamens 20; anthers large, deep rose color; styles 5,
Fig. 406
surrounded at base by a thick ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit on long thin light green
ultimately bright red pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, 5-angled, apple green and
covered with a glaucous bloom until nearly fully ripe, at maturity late in October subglo-
bose but rather broader than high, barely angled, ^'~f' in diameter, dark purple-red,
marked by many small dull dots, very lustrous; calyx prominent, with a long well-developed
tube, and enlarged usually erect lobes often deciduous before the fruit ripens: flesh thick,
light yellow; nutlets 5, light-colored, acute at apex, nprrow r ed and rounded at base, deeply
grooved on the back, \' long.
A tree, 15-20 high, with a stem a few inches in diameter, spreading horizontal branches
forming a broad open irregular head, and slender glabrous branchlets bright chestnut-
brown during their first season, later becoming dark reddish brown, and armed with numer-
ous stout straight light chestnut-brown spines \'-\\' long; often shrubby, with several
intricately branched stems.
Distribution. Slopes of low hills often in limestone soil; southwestern. Vermont, west-
ward through New York to southern Ontario (neighborhood of Toronto), and through Ohio
and Indiana to central and northern Illinois, and southward through eastern Pennsylvania
to northern Delaware.
55. Crataegus georgiana Sarg.
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or broad-cuneate at base, finely
and often doubly serrate \vith straight or incurved gland-tipped teeth, and divided into
ROSACES
451
numerous short acute lateral lobes, glabrous with the exception of a few pale caducous
hairs on the upper surface and bronze-yellow when they unfold, nearly half grown when
the flowers open about the 20th of April and then thin, dark yellow-green above and pale
below, and at maturity thin but firm in texture, dark blue-green on the upper surface, pale
on the lower surface, 1%'-%' long, and I'-l |' wide, with a slender yellow midrib and 3 or 4
pairs of thin primary veins; petioles slender, often short-winged at the apex, usually about
f in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often 3' long and 2' wide, sometimes deltoid
and usually much more deeply lobed. Flowers f in diameter, on slender pedicels, in