usually 5-7-flowered compact glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the
lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, entire or obscurely and irregularly
serrate, glabrous; stamens 20; anthers small; light rose color; styles 5; surrounded at the
base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling early in October, on
slender pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded at the
Fig. 407
ends, often obscurely 5-angled, dull russet-green, f'-' long; calyx-lobes only slightly
enlarged, mostly deciduous before the fruit ripens, leaving a well-defined ring at the summit
of the short calyx-tube; flesh thin, light green; nutlets 5, thin, rounded and irregularly
grooved on the back, about \' long.
A tree, sometimes 25-30 high, with a tall trunk 10'-12' in diameter, stout wide-spread-
ing branches forming a broad symmetrical round-topped head, and slender lustrous chest-
nut-brown branchlets armed with straight or slightly curved thin spines rarely more than
iy long.
Distribution. Low rich river-bottoms and meadows in the neighborhood of Rome,
Floyd County, Georgia.
56. Crataegus callicarpa Sarg.
Leaves ovate, acute, cordate at base, coarsely often doubly serrate with long straight
glandular teeth, and slightly divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short broad acuminate lateral
lobes, not more than a quarter grown when the flowers open late in April and then very
thin, yellow-green and slightly villose above and on the midrib below, and at maturity
thin, glabrous, dark yellow-green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale yellow-green on
the lower surface, 4 '-4^' long, and 2'-2^' wide, with a stout midrib, a,nd 3 or 4 pairs of prom-
inent primary veins connected by conspicuous cross veinlets; petioles stout, slightly wing-
margined at apex, sparingly glandular, I'-lJ' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
thicker, with shorter glandular petioles rose-colored toward the base. Flowers 1' in diam-
eter, on short stout pedicels, in small compact 5-10-flowered corymbs, with lanceolate to
452
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
linear-obovate glandular bracts and bractlets usually persistent until the flowers open;
calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes separated by wide sinuses, short, broad,
acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens 20;
anthers white; styles 5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripen-
ing early in October on short stout spreading pedicels in 2 or 3-fruited clusters, broader than
high, distinctly 5-angled, rounded at the wide apex, truncate at base, with a deep depres-
sion at the insertion of the pedicel, scarlet, pruinose, becoming lustrous, marked by numer-
ous large pale dots, f i' broad, and about f high; calyx-lobes deciduous; flesh thin, light
yellow slightly tinged with red, remaining on the ground through the winter without be-
coming soft; nutlets 5, thin, acute at apex, rounded at base, rounded and slightly grooved or
ridged with a low grooved ridge on the back, \'-\' long and wide.
Fig. 408
A tree, 20-25 high, with a tall stem 5'-6' in diameter covered with dark scaly bark, and
stout nearly straight branchlets dark orange-green when they first appear, becoming light
chestnut-brown, lustrous and marked by small pale lenticels in their first season, and dull
reddish brown the following year, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved purplish
spines l'-l|' in length.
Distribution. Rich hillsides, near Shrewsbury, St. Louis County, Missouri.
57. Crataegus disjuncta Sarg.
Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, full and rounded or concave cuneate at the entire base,
sharply often doubly serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, and slightly
and irregularly divided above the middle into narrow acuminate spreading lobes, thin, gla-
brous, dark blue-green above, pale below, 2'-3' long, and 2|'-2^' wide, with a slender yel-
low midrib, and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the
lobes; petioles slender, wing-margined at apex, glandular, I'-l \' in length. Flowers opening
the first of May, f ' in diameter, on long stout pedicels, in glabrous compact 3-6 usually
5-flowered glabrous corymbs, with conspicuous glandular early deciduous bracts and bract-
lets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes slender, acuminate, glabrous, entire
or sparingly glandular-serrate; stamens 10; anthers large, dark rose color; styles 4 or 5,
surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit on stout rigid pedicels, in
drooping or spreading clusters, subglobose, usually rather broader than high, angled,
green more or less tinged with red, pruinose, '-f in diameter; calyx prominent, with a
short tube and much enlarged spreading or erect lobes usually deciduous at midsummer;
flesh thin, greenish yellow; nutlets usually 4, rounded at the ends, deeply grooved on the
back, about \ r long.
A tree, 15-18 high, with a tall slender trunk, covered with dark slightly scaly bark, small
ROSACES
453
erect and spreading branches forming an open irregular head, and stout slightly zigzag
glabrous branchlets dark olive-green tinged with red when they first appear, dark dull red-
Fig. 409
dish brown or purple and marked by small pale lenticels at the end of their first season,
becoming light grayish brown in their second year, and armed with numerous stout nearly
straight dark purple lustrous spines 2|'-3' in length.
Distribution. Gravelly banks of small streams near Monteer, Shannon County, and at
Carl Junction, Jasper County, Missouri.
VI. SILVICOLJE.
Medioximce Sarg.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Fruit on short erect pedicels; leaves rounded or occasionally slightly cordate at base.
58. C. drymophila (C).
Fruit on elongated drooping pedicels.
Leaves truncate, cordate or rounded at base; anthers, pale rose. 59. C. diffusa (A).
Leaves cuneate or rounded at base; anthers, dark purple. 60. C. luxuriosa (A).
58. Crataegus drymophila Sarg.
Cratagus silvicola Beadl.
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded at the entire base, sharply and often
doubly serrate above with gland-tipped teeth, and slightly and irregularly divided into short
acute lateral lobes, when they unfold dark red and coated with short soft pale hairs most
abundant on the upper surface, about half grown when the flowers open at the end of April
and then nearly glabrous, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and smooth or scabrate
above, pale and glabrous below, or occasionally villose along the under side of the slender
midrib, and of 3 or 4 pairs of thin primary veins extending to the point of the lobes, about
2' long and l^'-lf wide; petioles slender, glandular, about 1' in length; leaves at the
end of vigorous shoots often deltoid, truncate or cordate at base, more coarsely serrate,
more deeply lobed, and often 2|' long and wide. Flowers about ' in diameter, on slender
pedicels, in compact few-flowered thin-branched glabrous corymbs, with linear glandular
bright red caducous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes
gradually narrowed, acuminate, glabrous, entire or glandular-serrate; stamens 10; anthers
large, dark rose color; styles 3-5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale hairs. Fruit
ripening at the end of September and soon falling, on short pedicels, in erect few-fruited
clusters, subglobose and often a little broader than long, red or greenish yellow, with a rosy
454 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
cheek, about |' in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with spreading lobes usually deciduous
before the fruit ripens; flesh thin and yellow; nutlets 3-5, about \' long.
A tree, sometimes 30 high, with a tall straight trunk 6'-8' in diameter, covered with
close or slightly fissured bark broken into small gray or red-brown scales, and often armed
with long stout branched gray spines, ascending or spreading branches forming a narrow
irregular or round-topped head, and slender branchlets dark green tinged with red and
covered with long pale scattered white hairs when they first appear, soon becoming gla-
Fig. 410
brous, bright red-brown during their first year, and ultimately ashy gray, and armed with
few or many thin straight or somewhat curved bright chestnut-brown spines l'-2' long;
or in dry soil of upland forests usually a shrub, with numerous stems.
Distribution. Low moist flat woods; northern Alabama and northwestern and central
Georgia, and occasionally on the drier uplands of the surrounding country; common;
central Mississippi (Pelahatchee, Rankin County; Jackson, Hinds County, and in Franklin
County); eastern Louisiana (Holtsville, St. Tammany Parish, anthers pink, JR. S. Cocks).
59. Crataegus diffusa Sarg.
Cratcegus Beckwithce Sarg.
Crataegus Robbinsiana Sarg.
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded, truncate or cordate at the entire
base, often doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and more or less deeply
divided into 4 or 5 pairs of spreading acuminate lateral lobes, deeply-tinged with red, gla-
brous below and covered above with short white hairs when they unfold, nearly fully grown
when the flowers open from the middle to the 20th of May and then thin, pale yellow-green
and hairy above and pale below, and at maturity thin and firm, smooth, dark green and
glabrous on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, If '-2' long, and I'-lf ' wide, with
a slender yellow midrib, and thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the
lobes; often turning orange color tinged with red in the autumn; petioles slender, slightly
wing-margined at apex, glandular with minute stipitate dark glands, |'-f' in length; leaves
at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, usually long-pointed, cordate or rarely truncate
at base, more coarsely serrate, more deeply lobed, and frequently 2|'-3' long, and 2'-2|'
wide, with a stout reddish conspicuously glandular petiole f '- f' in length. Flowers '~| '
in diameter, on slender glabrous pedicels, in 6-10-flowered corymbs, with linear glandular
bracts and bractlets mostly deciduous before the flowers open; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a wide base, acuminate at the gland-tipped
ROSACES
455
apex, entire or slightly and irregularly toothed near the middle; stamens 7-10; anthers
light rose color; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripen-
ing from the first to the middle of October, on slender pedicels, in few-fruited erect clusters,
depressed-globose, rather broader than high, dull red and slightly pruinose, becoming lus-
trous, and about \' in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with spreading appressed lobes bright
red on the upper side below the middle and mostly persistent on the ripe fruit; flesh thin,
hard, greenish white; nutlets 4 or 5, broad and rounded at base, narrowed and rounded at
apex, ridged on the back with a high ridge, about \' long.
A tree, occasionally 30 high with a tall trunk 8'-10' in diameter, covered with light gray
closely appressed scales, comparatively small erect branches forming an open head, and
Fig. 411
slender slightly zigzag branchlets marked by numerous dark lenticels, green tinged with
red and glabrous when they first appear, bright chestnut-brown and lustrous during their
first winter, and pale gray-brown the following year, and armed with numerous slender or
occasionally stout nearly straight bright red-brown shining spines \\'-\\' long; usually
smaller and sometimes a shrub.
Distribution. Valley of the Connecticut River (Walpole, Cheshire County, New
Hampshire, and Westminster and Putney, Windham County, Vermont), western Ver-
mont (near Burlington, Chittenden County); eastern, central and western New York:
common.
60. Crataegus luxuriosa Sarg.
Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, gradually narrowed and cuneate or rounded at the
often unsymmetrical base, finely often doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth, and
slightly divided usually only above the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of small acute lobes, about
half grown when the flowers open late in May and then thin, dark yellow-green and rough-
ened above by short white hairs and paler below, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green
and scabrate on the upper surface, pale bluish green on the lower surface, 2j'-2^' long, and
If '-2' wide, with a slender midrib and obscure primary veins; petioles slender, slightly
wing-margined at apex, occasionally glandular with minute persistent glands, l'-lj' in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded at base, coarsely serrate,
laterally lobed with numerous short broad lobes, often 3' long and 2f ' wide. Flowers
f in diameter, on short slender pedicels, in compact mostly 6-12-flowered corymbs;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the lobes long, slender, acuminate, entire or occasionally
456
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
slightly dentate near the middle, glabrous on the outer surface, slightly villose on the
inner surface; stamens 8-10; anthers bright purple; styles 3-5. Fruit ripening and be-
ginning to fall early in October, on short stout pedicels, in drooping usually 1-3-fruited
clusters, subglobose to slightly obovoid, scarlet, lustrous, marked by pale dots, 2'"!' in
diameter; calyx little enlarged, with a deep narrow cavity and spreading and incurved usu-
ally persistent lobes dark red on the upper side below the middle; flesh thick, yellow-green
and acid; nutlets 3-5, usually 4, gradually narrowed and rounded at the ends, ridged on the
back with a broad high grooved ridge, about \' long.
An oval-headed tree, 20-30 high, with a short trunk sometimes 8'-10' in diameter,
Fig. 412
covered with dark gray scaly bark, and stout zigzag often contorted branchlets dark
orange-green and marked by large pale lenticels when they first appear, becoming light
chestnut-brown and lustrous in their first season and dull red-brown the following year,
and armed with few stout slightly curved chestnut-brown shining spines I'-l^' long,
persistent and becoming branched on old stems.
Distribution. Rich hillsides, Kittanning, Armstrong County, and on the flood plain of
the Allegheny River at Whiskey Hollow across the river from Kittanning, and Lines-
ville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania.
vii. TENUIFOLLE;.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Stamens 5-10.
Corymbs villose.
Leaves oblong-ovate; stamens usually 5; anthers pink; fruit obovoid to short-oblong.
61. C. apiomorpha (A).
Leaves oblong-obovate; stamens 10; anthers reddish purple; fruit obovoid to sub-
globose. 62. C. paucispina (A).
Corymbs glabrous; leaves oval or ovate; stamens usually 5; anthers dark reddish
purple; fruit short-oblong. 63. C. pentandra (A).
Stamens usually 20.
Corymbs villose.
Leaves broad-ovate to obovate or rarely oval; fruit short-oblong to obovoid.
64. C. lucorum (A).
Leaves rhombic to broad-ovate or rarely obovate; fruit ellipsoidal.
65. C. lacera (C).
ROSACE^E
457
Corymbs glabrous.
Leaves ovate; anthers pale rose color; fruit subglobose to broad-obovoid, dark red.
66. C. depilis (A).
Leaves ovate: stamens 15-20; anthers dark rose color; fruit subglobose.
67. C. basilica (A).
61 . Crataegus apiomorpha Sarg.
Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded or rarely cuneate at the entire often unsym-
metrical base, finely doubly serrate above with slender glandular teeth, and slightly divided
above the middle into 4 or 5 pairs of triangular acute lobes, about half grown when the
flowers open early in May and then membranaceous, light yellow-green and tinged with
red or bronze color, and covered above with short white hairs and pale and glabrous below,
and at maturity thick and firm in texture, dark blue-green and smooth and lustrous or
Fig. 413
sometimes dull and scabrate on the upper surface, pale blue-green on the lower surface,
\%'-2\' long, and If'-l^' wide, with a stout midrib, and primary veins arching obliquely to
the point of the lobes; petioles slender, slightly winged at the apex, often sparingly glandu-
lar, f'-l' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often 3' long. Flowers f'-f' in
diameter, on short villose or glabrous pedicels, in compact many-flowered usually hairy
corymbs, their bracts and bractlets linear to oblong-obovate, glandular-serrate with stipi-
tate dark red or purple glands, turning red before falling, mostly persistent until after the
flowers open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes abruptly narrowed at base,
slender, acuminate, entire or sparingly glandular; stamens 5-10, usually 5; anthers pink;
styles 3-5, surrounded at base by tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening early in September and
soon falling, on slender pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, obovoid or rarely short-
oblong, bright reddish purple, marked by small scattered pale dots, f '-' long, and \'-\' in
diameter; calyx much enlarged, with spreading lobes, their tips mostly deciduous from the
ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow, juicy, pleasantly acid; nutlets 3-5, thin, rounded and ridged
on the back with a low ridge, about I' long.
A tree, sometimes 25 high, with a trunk 6' in diameter and 3-6 long, covered with
dark gray bark separating into thin plates, in falling disclosing the yellow inner bark,
numerous ascending branches forming an oblong or pyramidal crown, and slender branch-
lets dark dull red-brown during their first season, becoming dark gray-brown the following
year, and unarmed, or armed with slender nearly straight dull red-brown ultimately ashy
gray spines 1'-!$' long; or often shrubby, with numerous stems spreading into small
clumps.
458
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
Distribution. Dry open places, borders of woods, and the margins of the high banks
of streams; common and generally distributed in northeastern Illinois.
62. Crataegus paucispina Sarg.
Leaves oblong-obovate, acuminate, rounded, concave-cuneate to truncate or subcordate
at the entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and deeply
divided into 4 or 5 pairs of acute lateral lobes spreading or pointing toward the apex of the
leaf, about half grown when the flowers open early in May and then light yellow-green and
slightly roughened above by short white hairs and paler and glabrous below, and at matur-
ity membranaceous, dark blue-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale blue-green
on the lower surface, 2^'-3' long, and H'-2^' wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and thin
primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, usually with-
out glands, tinged with purple in the autumn, f '-1|' in length. Flowers f '-f ' in diameter,
on slender hairy pedicels, in broad 12-20-flowered slightly villose corymbs, their bracts and
bractlets linear to oblong-obovate, glandular, red, mostly persistent until after the flowers
Fig. 414
open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes narrow, acuminate, glandular-
serrate with small dark red stipitate glands, glabrous on the outer, pubescent on the inner
surface; stamens 10; anthers bright reddish purple; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by
tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening during the first half of September and soon falling, on
slender glabrous pedicels, in drooping clusters, obovoid to subglobose, crimson or purplish,
marked by numerous small pale dots, slightly pruinose, '-f ' long, and about f ' in diameter;
calyx small, with reflexed and appressed or erect and incurved serrate lobes dark red on the
upper side below the middle, often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow, juicy,
acid and edible; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded and slightly
grooved or obscurely ridged on the back, about \' long.
A tree, sometimes 25 high, with a trunk 4'-6' in diameter and often 6 long, covered
with dark gray or nearly black bark separating into thin plate-like scales, numerous
branches forming a round-topped head, and slender glabrous branchlets dark yellow-green
when they first appear, becoming dark reddish brown at the end of their first season, olive-
green in their second year, and ultimately dark gray-brown, and armed with small straight
light red-brown shining spines \'-\' long.
Distribution. Woods and river banks in dry clay soil; northeastern Illinois; common.
63. Crataegus pentandra Sarg.
Leaves oval or ovate, acuminate, broadly cuneate or rarely rounded at the entire base,
divided above the middle into numerous short acute or acuminate lobes, and coarsely and
ROSACES
459
often doubly serrate with straight or incurved teeth tipped with small dark glands, nearly
fully grown and very thin when the flowers open at the end of May, and at maturity mem-
branaceous, dark green and roughened above by short rigid pale hairs, pale and glabrous
below, 2'-2|' long, and \\'-%! wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and thin primary veins ex-
tending to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, often winged toward the apex, glandular
with minute dark glands, usually about 1' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
more deeply lobed, and often 4' long and 3' wide. Flowers | ;'-f ' in diameter, on long slender
pedicels, in compact few-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, gla-
brous, dark red, the lobes linear-lanceolate, entire or finely glandular-serrate; stamens
usually 5, occasionally 6-10; anthers large, dark red-purple; styles 3, surrounded at base
by a thin ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit ripening about the middle of September and soon
falling, on stout pedicels, in drooping narrow clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded at the
ends, dark crimson, lustrous, marked by minute pale dots, usually about f long and \'
in diameter; calyx enlarged and persistent, the lobes elongated, strongly incurved, often
deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, dry and mealy; nutlets 3, narrowed and acute
at the ends, prominently ridged on the back with a high broad ridge, \' long.
A tree, rarely more than 15 high, with a straight trunk 5'-6' in diameter, covered with
thin bark separating into papery lustrous pale scales, stout branches forming a broad open
irregular head, and slender glabrous branchlets bright chestnut-brown during their first
season, becoming ashy gray the following year, and armed with many thick straight or
curved bright chestnut-brown or red-brown spines I'-l^' long.
Distribution. Low hills and limestone ridges; western and southern Vermont; southern
Connecticut (rocky shore of Alewive Creek, Waterford, New London County), and east-
ern and central New York (Whitesboro, Oneida County).
64. Crataegus lucorum Sarg.
Leaves broad-ovate to obovate or rarely oval, broad-cuneate or rounded at the entire
base, coarsely serrate above with straight teeth tipped with large persistent bright red
glands, and deeply divided above the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of wide acute or acuminate
lobes, rather more than a third grown when the flowers open early in May and then light
yellow-bronze color, covered on the upper surface with short soft pale hairs and glabrous
on the lower surface, and at maturity membranaceous, smooth, dark dull green and gla-
brous above, pale yellow-green below, about 2' long and \\' wide, with a slender yellow
midrib, and 3 or 4 pairs of thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes ;
460
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
petioles slender, glandular, often somewhat winged toward the apex, l'-l' in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots usually ovate and rounded at the broad base, mote
deeply lobed, and sometimes 3' long and broad. Flowers f ' in diameter, on thin pedicels,
in narrow compact few-flowered small villose corymbs; calyx broadly obconic, glabrous,
the lobes narrow, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, villose on the inner surface;
stamens 20; anthers small, dark purple; styles 4 or 5. Fruit ripening about the middle of
September and soon falling, on short stout pedicels, in erect few-fruited slightly villose
clusters, obovoid until nearly fully grown and then short-oblong or somewhat obovoid,
full and rounded at the ends, crimson, lustrous, marked by small pale dots, s'-f long;
calyx enlarged, the lobes elongated, coarsely glandular-serrate, villose above, closely
appressed, often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, yellow, dry and mealy;
nutlets 4 or 5, thin, rounded, and sometimes obscurely ridged on the back, about \' long.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a tall straight trunk 6'-8' in diameter, covered with close dark
red-brown bark, slender ascending branches forming a narrow open head, and thin branch-