Caughnawaga Indian Reservation opposite Lachine in the Province of Quebec; western
Vermont (Clarendon, Rutland County); Crown Point, Essex County, and Fort Ann,
Washington County, New York.

93. Cratsegus noelensis Sarg.

Leaves ovate to oval, acute, acuminate or rarely rounded at apex, acutely or broadly
cuneate at base, and coarsely doubly serrate with straight teeth, covered above with short
white hairs and densely villose-pubescent below when they unfold, more than half grown
when the flowers open at the end of April, and at maturity dark yellow-green, smooth and
glabrous on the upper surface, villose-pubescent on the lower surface, 2'-3' long, and 1 j'-
2|' wide, with a prominent midrib and thin conspicuous primary veins; petioles slender,
slightly wing-margined at apex, hoary-tomentose early in the season, becoming glabrous,



488



TREES OF NORTH AMERICA



I'-l \' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots ovate, acuminate, rounded or cuneate
at the broad base, more coarsely serrate, usually laterally lobed with short broad acuminate
lobes, 3'-4' long, and 2|'-3' wide. Flowers f ' to nearly 1' in diameter, on short pedicels
densely covered like the narrow obconic calyx-tube and the compact 5-10-flowered corymb
with long matted white hairs; calyx-lobes slender, long-acuminate, minutely glandular-
serrate, slightly villose; stamens 5-10, usually 10; anthers rose color; styles 3-5, surrounded
at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening in September, on slender droop-
ing pubescent pedicels, subglobose, orange-red, \'-\' in diameter, the calyx prominent with
a short tube and spreading closely appressed lobes; flesh thin, soft and yellow; nutlets 3-5,
rounded at base, narrowed and rounded at apex, slightly grooved on the back, about \' long.




Fig. 445



A tree, 15-18 high, with a trunk sometimes 1 in diameter, spreading branches forming
a broad flat or round-topped head, and stout zigzag branchlets coated when they first
appear with matted white hairs, reddish brown, pubescent or puberulous during their
first season and gray the following year, and armed with few or many slender straight
purple lustrous spines l'-2f in length, sometimes persistent and compound on old trunks.

Distribution. Rich alluvial soil; in the neighborhood of Noel, McDonald County,
Missouri; common.

IX. COCCINE^.

Flabellatce Sarg.

CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.

Stamens 20; leaves yellow-green and scabrate above.

Leaves ovate; anthers deep rose-purple; fruit obovoid to short-oblong, bright red,

often slightly pruinose. 94. C. neo-londinensis (A).

Leaves oblong-ovate; anthers pink; fruit obovoid, crimson, lustrous. 95. C. Hillii (A) .

Stamens 10-20, usually 10; anthers pinkish purple, leaves broad-ovate, dull dark green and

scabrate above; fruit short-oblong to slightly obovoid, dull red or crimson.

96. C. assurgens (A).
Stamens usually 10.

Fruit on short stout pedicels; leaves yellow-green and glabrous above.

Leaves oval, drooping, conspicuously concave; anthers purple; fruit short-oblong,

dark dull red, villose at the ends. 97. C. Pringlei (A).

Leaves oval to oblong-ovate; anthers dark reddish purple; fruit short-oblong, crimson,

lustrous. 98. C. lobulata (A).

Fruit on long slender pedicels; leaves broad-ovate to obovate or rhombic, dark rich



ROSACES



489



green and scabrate above; anthers rose color; fruit short-oblong, bright scarlet,
lustrous. 99. C. pedicellate (A).

Stamens usually 5-7, rarely 10.

Fruit obovoid to ellipsoidal; leaves oval or ovate, conspicuously yellow-green; anthers
dark reddish purple; fruit crimson, lustrous. 100. C. Holmesiana (A).

Fruit short-oblong; leaves oblong-ovate, deep yellow-green, nearly smooth above; an-
thers pink; fruit yellowish red, glaucous. 101. 0. acclivis (A).
Fruit subglobose to obovoid.

Leaves glabrous above; anthers dark rose color.

Leaves broad-ovate, thin, light yellow-green and lustrous above; fruit bright red or

scarlet. 102. C. delecte (A).

Leaves oblong-ovate, subcoriaceous, dark dull green; fruit bright cherry-red,

pruinose. 103. C. Eamesii (A).

Leaves scabrate above, oblong-ovate, thin, dark yellow-green; anthers pale rose

color; fruit crimson. 104. C. sertata (A).

94. Crataegus neo-londinensis Sarg.

Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded, truncate or broadly concave-cuneate at the
wide entire or glandular base, sharply often doubly serrate above with straight glandular
teeth, and divided into numerous short narrow acuminate lateral lobes, about half grown




Fig. 446



when the flowers open the middle of May and then very thin, light yellow-green and
roughened above by short white rigid hairs and paler and sparingly hairy below, and at
maturity membranaceous, dull yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale green
and glabrous below, or occasionally slightly hairy on the under side of the stout yellow
midrib, and of the thin remote primary veins arching to the point of the lobes, 3 '-4' long,
and 2'-3|' wide; petioles slender, nearly terete, glandular, at first slightly hairy, becoming
glabrous and purplish toward the base, l'-2' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
only slightly larger. Flowers l'-lf in diameter, on slender sparingly villose pedicels, in
lax slightly drooping usually 5-12-flowered villose or nearly glabrous corymbs, with linear
often slightly falcate glandular bracts and bractlets, persistent until after the flowers open ;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, covered with short matted pale hairs, the lobes gradually
narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate below the middle, gla-
brous on the outer, villose on the inner surface; stamens 17-21, usually 20; anthers deep
rose-purple; styles 4 or 5, usually 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum.



490 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA

Fruit ripening and beginning to fall early in September, on stout villose or glabrous pedi-
cels, in large drooping few-fruited clusters, obovoid or short-oblong, bright red, often
slightly pruinose, marked by numerous minute pale dots, f'-f long, ' - ' in diameter;
calyx enlarged, prominent, with spreading or erect and incurved coarsely serrate persistent
lobes, their upper surface bright red below the middle and covered above with soft white
hairs; flesh thick, orange-yellow, soft, juicy and acidulous; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, narrowed
at the ends, acute at base, rounded at apex, rounded and sometimes broadly grooved on the
back, about ^' long.

A tree, often 20 high, with a tall trunk 8'-10' in diameter, covered with light grayish
brown slightly fissured bark, large spreading and drooping branches forming an open head
often 20 across, and slender branchlets olive-green and slightly hairy when they first appear,
dull red-brown and marked by many large pale lenticels during their first season, becoming
light gray and rather lustrous, and armed with stout straight dark purple shining ulti-
mately gray spines often 2' long.

Distribution. Borders of woods near the shores of Fisher's Island Sound, Mumford's
Point, Groton, and near Lyme, New London County, Connecticut.

95. Crataegus Hillii Sarg.

Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded or rarely cuneate at the broad entire base,
coarsely doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and divided into numerous
short acuminate lateral lobes, when they unfold coated above with short lustrous white




Fig. 447

hairs and densely tomentose below, particularly on the midrib and veins, about one fourth
grown when the flowers open the middle of May and then roughened above by short hairs
and villose below, and at maturity thin, light yellow-green and scabrate on the upper sur-
face, pale yellow-green on the lower surface, 2|'-3' long, and 2'-2' wide, with a slender
midrib often slightly hairy near the base, and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins extending
obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, densely villose early in the season,
slightly hairy in the autumn, and f'-l|' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
often truncate or slightly cordate at base, deeply lobed with broad triangular lobes, and
3|'-4' long and wide, with a stout rose-colored glandular petiole, and hairy lunate glandular-
serrate stipules. Flowers about f in diameter, on slender densely villose pedicels, in
broad many-flowered hairy compound corymbs, their large linear to oblong bracts and
bractlets occasionally persistent until midsummer; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, thickly
covered with long spreading white hairs, the lobes abruptly narrowed at base, broad,



ROSACE.E



491



acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner
surface; stamens 20; anthers pink; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of
pale tomentum. Fruit ripening from the middle to the end of September, on slender puber-
ulous pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, obovoid, broad and rounded at apex, grad-
ually narrowed to the rounded base, crimson, lustrous, marked by small pale dots, |'-f '
long, ' i' in diameter; calyx only slightly enlarged, with closely appressed coarsely serrate
lobes often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh yellow, thin, acidulous, juicy; nutlets 4 or 5,
thin, gradually narrowed and acute at the ends, irregularly ridged and sometimes grooved
on the back, about f ' long.

A tree, 25-30 high, with a trunk sometimes a foot in diameter and 6 or 7 long, cov-
ered with close light gray bark tinged with red and divided by shallow fissures into small
plates, stout ascending branches forming an open irregular often round-topped head, and
slender nearly straight branchlets densely villose when they first appear, dark orange color
tinged with red and sparingly villose when the flowers open, becoming bright red-brown
and lustrous at the end of their first season and dark dull reddish brown the following year,
and sparingly armed with slender nearly straight red-brown shining spines If '-2' long.

Distribution. Open woods near the borders of streams in moist rich soil; northeastern
Illinois, (Thatcher's Park, Glendon Park, and River Forest, Cook County) ; not common.

96. Crataegus assurgens Sarg.

Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, rounded or rarely cuneate at the wide entire base,
sharply doubly serrate above with straight gland-tipped teeth, and slightly divided,
into 3 or 4 pairs of small acuminate lobes, about one third grown when the flowers open




Fig. 448

the middle of May and then roughened above by short white hairs and glabrous or spar-
ingly villose below, with persistent hairs on the slender yellow midrib, and on the veins
arching obliquely to the point of the lobes, and at maturity membranaceous, dull dark
green and scabrate on the upper surface, light yellow-green on the lower surface, 2f '-3% '
long, and 2jV2f wide; petioles slender, villose early in the season, becoming pubescent,
l'-l' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often deeply lobed, coarsely serrate,
sometimes 4' long and wide, with long stout glandular petioles and foliaceous lunate acu-
minate coarsely glandular-serrate persistent stipules. Flowers f'-f ' m diameter, on short
villose pedicels, in compact 8-15-flowered hairy corymbs, with oblong, acuminate, glandu-
lar bracts and bractlets, deciduous with the opening of the flowers; calyx-tube narrowly
obconic, sparingly villose, the lobes long, narrow, acuminate, tipped with minute red



492



TREES OF NORTH AMERICA



glands, finely glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer, pubescent on the inner surface; sta-
mens 10-20, usually 10: anthers pinkish purple; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by tufts
of pale hairs. Fruit ripening from the loth to the 20th of September, and usually falling
about the 1st of October, on short glabrous pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters,
short-oblong to slightly obovoid, dull red to crimson, '-f long, about |' wide; calyx
sessile, with spreading closely appressed serrate usually persistent lobes; flesh thin, pale
yellow or nearly white, acidulous; nutlets 4 or 5, broad, narrow and acute at the ends,
prominently ridged on the back with a high narrow ridge, or often grooved, about |-' long.

A tree, sometimes 25 high, with a trunk 2'-6' in diameter and often 6-9 long, covered
with close dark gray bark, ascending branches forming an oblong, open head, and slender
branchlets light orange-yellow and covered when they first appear with long scattered
caducous white hairs, becoming bright red-brown and lustrous, and dark gray-brown the
following year, and armed with many stout usually slightly curved bright red-brown
shining spines, l'-l|' long.

Distribution. River banks and low woods in rich soil; northeastern Illinois (Ley den
township, La Grange, Thatcher's Park, Cook County, Highland Park, Deerfield, Wau-
conda, Lake County); Fox Point, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.

97. Crataegus Pringlei Sarg.

Leaves oval, acute, rounded or often abruptly narrowed and cuneate at base, occasion-
ally irregularly lobed above the middle with short broad acute lobes, and coarsely and often
doubly serrate with glandular teeth, as they unfold villose on both surfaces, and often




Fig. 449

more or less tinged with red, when the flowers open, usually in the last week of May,
roughened above by short closely appressed pale hairs and glabrous below with the excep-
tion of a few hairs on the slender midrib and remote primary veins, and at maturity thin,
glabrous, and bright yellow-green on the upper surface, pale below, 2'-2|' long, and If '-2j'
wide, usually conspicuously concave by the gradual turning down of the blades from the
midrib to the margins, drooping on long thin slender glandular petioles at first villose,
ultimately glabrous, I'-lf in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes
truncate or slightly cordate at the base, and frequently 3' long and wide. Flowers about
f ' in diameter, on stout hairy pedicels, in many-flowered compound villose corymbs; calyx-
tube narrowly obconic, villose, particularly toward the base, the lobes narrow, acuminate,
coarsely glandular-serrate, villose on both surfaces or only on the inner surface; stamens
10, occasionally 5-10; anthers small, purple; styles 3-5, surrounded at the base by con-



ROSACES



493



spicuous tufts of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling late in September or early in
October, on stout pedicels, in erect villose mostly few-fruited clusters, short-oblong, dark
dull red, marked by few dark dots, villose at the ends with long scattered pale hairs, f
long and f ' in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad
base, acuminate, glandular-serrate, often erect; flesh thick, yellow, dry and acid, with a
disagreeable flavor; nutlets 3-5, rounded and slightly ridged on the back, %' long.

A tree, occasionally 25 high, with a tall trunk 10'-12' in diameter, covered with thin bark
separating into large flakes broken into small loose dark red-brown scales, stout branches
forming a wide symmetrical head, and slightly zigzag branchlets at first dark green and
villose, soon becoming glabrous, chestnut-brown and lustrous, bright orange-brown during
their second year, and armed with thick straight or somew T hat curved chestnut-brown
spines often 1|' long.

Distribution. Southern New Hampshire, through southern Vermont to western Mas-
sachusetts and eastern New York; through central and western New York and southern
Ontario to northeastern Ohio (Plymouth, Ash tabula County), the southern peninsula
of Michigan and northeastern Illinois.

98. Crataegus lobulata Sarg. Red Haw.

Leaves oval to oblong-ovate, acute at apex, broad-cuneate or rounded at the entire
base, sharply and often doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and deeply
divided into numerous narrow acute or acuminate lobes spreading or pointing to the apex




Fig. 450

or to the base of the leaf, when they first appear and until after the opening of the flowers
during the last week in May covered above with short soft pale hairs and slightly pubescent
below on the slender midrib, and thin primary veins arching to the point of the lobes, and
at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and glabrous on the upper surface, paler on the lower
surface, with occasional short white hairs toward the base of the midrib, 2|'-3|' long and
2'-2' wide; petioles slender, nearly terete, at first tomentose, particularly at the base,
becoming pubescent or nearly glabrous and 'bright red, l'-lf in length; leaves at the
end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or truncate at the broad base, divided into
numerous acuminate lateral lobes, often 3i'-4' long and 3'-3|' wide. Flowers f-' in di-
ameter, on elongated slender pedicels, in rather compact many-flowered tomentose cor-
ymbs, with linear-lanceolate glandular-serrate bright red bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube
broadly obconic, glabrous, or villose toward the base, dark red, the lobes gradually nar-
rowed from a broad base, glabrous, coarsely glandular-serrate with large dark red stipitate
glands; stamens usually 10, occasionally 5-10; anthers small, dark reddish purple; styles



494



TREES OF NORTH AMERICA



3-5, sometimes surrounded at the base by a ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and
falling early in October, on short stout pedicels, in erect compact tomentulose clusters,
short-oblong, somewhat flattened at the rounded ends, bright crimson, very lustrous,
marked by occasional small white dots, about f ' long and f ' in diameter; calyx little en-
larged, the lobes small, lanceolate, coarsely glandular-serrate, tomentose on the upper
surface, erect and incurved, persistent; flesh thick, yellow, sweet and juicy; nutlets 3-5,
thin, dark colored, ridged and often grooved on the back, }' long.

A tree, occasionally 35 high, with a straight trunk often a foot in diameter, covered
with dark red-brown fissured bark broken into small thick plate-like scales, stout generally
ascending branches forming an open usually narrow irregular head, and slender branchlets,
dark green and covered with matted pale hairs when they first appear, becoming bright
chestnut-brown and very lustrous during their first season, and light orange-brown the
following year, and armed with many stout nearly straight chestnut-brown spines rarely
more than I' in length.

Distribution. Burlington, Chittenden County, Vermont, and southward through the
Champlain valley to Crown Point, Essex County and to the neighborhood of Albany,
New York; western Massachusetts to southern Connecticut (Stratford, Fairfield County);



99. Crataegus pedicellate Sarg.

Leaves broad-ovate or occasionally obovate or rhombic, acute or acuminate, broad-
cuneate or rounded at the entire base, coarsely often doubly serrate above with spreading
glandular teeth, and divided above the middle into 4 or 5 pairs of short acute or acuminate




lobes, nearly two thirds grown when the flowers open during the last week in May, and
then roughened above by short rigid pale hairs and glabrous below, and at maturity mem-
branaceous, dark rich green and.scabrate on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface,
3'-4' long, and 2'-3' wide, with a slender midrib, and thin remote primary veins arching to
the point of the lobes; petioles slender, nearly terete, glandular with minute scattered
dark glands, at first villose, becoming glabrous, \%'-%%' in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots sometimes truncate or slightly cordate at base, more deeply lobed, often
3'-4' long and 3' wide. Flowers f ' in diameter, on long thin pedicels, in loose lax
many-flowered slightly villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes
broad, acute, very coarsely glandular-serrate; stamens usually 10; anthers rose color;
styles 5, surrounded at base by a conspicuous ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and
falling during September, on long slender pedicels, in few-fruited drooping glabrous clus-



ROSACE^E



495



ters, obovoid until nearly fully grown, becoming short-oblong when fully ripe, rounded at
the ends, bright scarlet, lustrous, marked by numerous small dark dots, f long, and -o'-f
in diameter; calyx large and conspicuous, the lobes much enlarged, coarsely serrate, and
usually erect and incurved; flesh pale, thin, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, narrowed and acute
at the ends, rounded and deeply grooved on the back, about |' long.

A tree, 18-20 high, w f ith a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter, covered with close
red-brown scaly bark, long comparatively slender spreading or ascending branches
forming a handsome symmetrical head, and thin branchlets dark chestnut-brown and
slightly villose at first, becoming very lustrous and ashy gray in their second year, and
armed with straight or slightly curved shining chestnut-brown spines l|'-2' long.

Distribution. Central and western New York to western Pennsylvania (Allegheny and
Crawford counties), and to southern Ontario to the neighborhood of Toronto and London;
common; passing into var. gloriosa Sarg. differing in its rather larger flowers with pink
anthers, larger and more lustrous fruit often mammillate at base and ripening a few days
earlier and in its convex leaves. A tree, 20-25 [high, with a trunk often 1 in diameter,
and a symmetrical round-topped head; Rochester, Munroe County, New York; not



100. Crataegus Holmesiana Ashe.

Leaves oval or ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or broad-cuneate at base,
coarsely doubly serrate above the middle with straight teeth tipped at first with promi-
nent dark red caducous glands, and usually divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short acute or acu-




Fig. 452

minate lateral lobes, when they unfold dark red, roughened by rigid pale hairs on the upper
surface, and glabrous or sometimes villose on the lower surface, scabrate above, pale yellow-
green and nearly half grown when the flowers open early in May, and at maturity thick
and firm, almost smooth, conspicuously yellow-green, usually about 2' long and If wide,
with a prominent midrib often bright red on the lower side tow r ard the base, and 4-6 pairs
of slender primary veins arching to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, nearly terete,
glandular, glabrous or sometimes puberulous while young, I'-l^' in length; leaves at the
end of vigorous shoots often broad-ovate to oval, rounded, truncate or slightly cordate at
base, more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, and frequently 4' long and 3' wide.
Flowers cup-shaped, \'-\' in diameter, on long slender glabrous pedicels, in loose
glabrous or rarely puberulous many-flowered corymbs, with oblanceolate or linear acute
glandular caducous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, more or
less deeply tinged with red, the lobes long, acuminate, glandular-serrate, or often nearly



496 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA

entire; glabrous on the outer surface, villose-pubescent on the inner surface; stamens usually
5, sometimes 6-8; anthers large, dark reddish purple; styles usually 3, surrounded at base
by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling early in September, on
long slender pedicels, in many-fruited drooping clusters, obovoid to ellipsoidal, crimson,
lustrous, marked by occasional small dark dots, about |' long, and |' in diameter; calyx
enlarged, conspicuous, with erect and incurved glandular-serrate lobes, bright red toward
the base on the upper side; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy, with a disagreeable flavor;
nutlets usually 3, light chestnut-brown, prominently grooved and ridged on the back with
a broad rounded ridge, about f ' long.

A tree, often 30 high, with a tall straight trunk 10'-15' in diameter, covered with pale
gray-brown or nearly white scaly bark, stout ascending branches forming an open irregular
rather compact head, and stout glabrous branchlets dark green more or less tinged with
red when they first appear, becoming bright chestnut-brown or orange-brown and lus-
trous, and ultimately ashy gray, and armed with occasional thick mostly straight bright
chestnut-brown shining spines If -2' long.

Distribution. Rich moist hillsides and the borders of streams and swamps, neighbor-
hood of Montreal and southern Ontario to the coast of southern Maine, central and western
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, western New York, and eastern Pennsylvania; most abund-
ant and of its largest size on the hills of Worcester County, Massachusetts. In Sellersville,
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in a form of this species (var. villipes Ashe) the young
branchlets, petioles, and corymbs are often puberulous and the under surface of the leaves
more or less hairy, especially on the midrib and veins. Passing into var. tardipes Sarg. dif-