A bushy tree, occasionally 20 high, with a short trunk 8'-10' in diameter, covered with
dark red-brown scaly bark, stout ascending branches forming a broad round-topped sym-
metrical head, and slender glabrous branchlets light green when they first appear, bright
fed-brown and lustrous during their first year, and ultimately ashy gray, and armed with
many stout straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown shining spines l'-l|' long.
Distribution. Nova Scotia, southern Quebec and Ontario to Manitoba and Saskatche-
wan (Saskatoon), and southward through New England, eastern and northern New York,
the southern peninsula of Michigan and northern Indiana; in Pennsylvania (Lackawanna,
Bucks, Northampton and Blair Counties); common in the New England coast region; a
form (var. pubera Sarg.) with young leaves covered above with soft pale hairs and pubes-
cent on the under side of the midrib and veins and villose petioles, flowers with a pubescent
calyx-tube, in villose corymbs, becoming pilose when the fruit ripens, and young branchlets
covered with long matted pale hairs, ranges from Newfoundland to the shores of Lake
St. John, Province of Quebec, northern Ontario, Winnepeg and Manitoba, and southward
through the maritime provinces of Canada, New England to southern Connecticut, north-
ern and western New York (near Buffalo, Essex County), the northern peninsula of Michi-
gan, northeastern Wisconsin; in central Minnesota (St. Cloud, Stearns County); common
northward.
110. Crataegus Jonesae Sarg.
Leaves elliptic to ovate, acute, gradually narrowed or broad-cuneate at the entire
base, coarsely doubly serrate above with spreading or incurved teeth tipped with decidu-
506 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
ous dark red glands, and usually divided above the middle into 2 or 3 pairs of short acute
or acuminate lobes, more than half grown when the flowers open during the first week of
June, and then membranaceous and coated with soft pale hairs most abundant on the under
side of the midrib and principal veins, and at maturity thick and coriaceous, dark green
and lustrous on the upper surface, pale and puberulous on the lower surface, 3 '-4' long and
2'-3' wide, with a stout midrib, 4-6 pairs of primary veins and conspicuous secondary
veinlets; petioles stout, more or less winged toward the apex, villose, ultimately glabrous,
tinged with red below the middle, l|'-2' in length, after midsummer often twisted at base,
bringing the lower surface of the leaf to the light; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
usually more coarsely serrate and much more deeply lobed, with broadly winged petioles,
and falcate coarsely glandular-serrate stipules sometimes 1' in length. Flowers 1' in diam-
eter, on long slender pedicels, in broad loose lax many-flowered tomentose corymbs; calyx-
Fig. 462
tube narrowly obconic, tomentose, the lobes abruptly narrowed from a broad base, long,
acute, entire, villose; stamens 10; anthers large, rose color; styles 2, or generally 3, sur-
rounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening usually early in
October, on slender elongated pedicels, in broad many-fruited drooping glabrous or puber-
ulous clusters, short-oblong to oblong-obovoid, rounded at the ends, bright carmine-re^,
marked by occasional large dots, f '-!' long, and f ' in diameter; calyx conspicuous, with en-
larged and elongated closely appressed lobes; flesh thick, yellow, sweet and mealy; nutlets
3 or rarely 2, thick, narrowed and acute at base, full and broad at apex, rounded and
ridged on the back with a high broad ridge, about -/g ' long.
A tree, sometimes 20 high, with a tall trunk often a foot in diameter, covered with dark
brown scaly bark, ascending or spreading branches forming a broad open irregular head,
and stout branchlets tomentose early in the season, becoming orange-brown, glabrous and
very lustrous during their first summer, and light gray the following year, and armed with
stout straight or curved chestnut-brown shining spines 2'-3' long and usually pointed
toward the base of the branch.
Distribution. Rocky shores of sounds and bays; coast of Maine, Islesboro and Belfast
Bay to the island of Mount Desert (Waldo and Hancock Counties) ; in hedges, near Fred-
ericton, York County, New Brunswick; Riviere du Loup, Kamouraska County, Province
of Quebec (Brother Victorin).
111. Crataegus Margaretta Ashe.
Leaves broad-rhombic, oblong-obovate or rarely ovate, acute or rounded at apex,
gradually narrowed and usually entire below, coarsely often doubly crenately-serrate
ROSACES
507
above with usually glandless teeth, and divided above the middle or frequently only at
apex into short broad rounded or acute lobes when the flowers open in May, thin and
roughened above by short pale hairs and glabrous below, and at maturity firm and rather
leathery in texture, or subcoriaceous, glabrous, smooth, dark green and somewhat lustrous
on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, l'-lj' long, and 1' wide, with a yellow
midrib, and 3-5 pairs of primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles
slender, often slightly winged toward the apex, glandular at first with minute dark red
caducous glands, I'-l' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate or semi-
orbicular, usually more deeply and more generally lobed, often 3' long and 2'-3' wide.
Flowers about f in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in 3-12-flowered thin-branched
slightly villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, slightly villose toward the base, or
glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from below, acuminate or short-pointed at apex,
finely and irregularly glandular-serrate, glabrous or villose on the inner surface; stamens
Fig. 463
usually 20; anthers small, light yellow; styles 2 or 3, surrounded at the base by a narrow
ring of pale tomentum, and villose below the middle with occasional long spreading hairs.
Fruit ripening and falling at the end of September, in few-fruited drooping clusters, short-
oblong, rounded at the ends, or subglobose and flattened at the ends, dull dark red or rusty
orange-red or rarely yellow, marked by occasional dark dots, and about \' long; calyx only
slightly enlarged, the lobes spreading or erect and frequently deciduous before the fruit
ripens; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 2 or 3, broad and rounded at base, acute
at apex, conspicuously grooved and ridged on the back with a broad rounded ridge, about
Y long.
A tree, occasionally 25 high, with a straight trunk 4 '-6' in diameter, covered with thin
dark gray-brown bark, small rather erect branches forming a narrow open head, and slender
branchlets, orange-green, glabrous or sometimes pubescent when they first appear, becom-
ing bright chestnut-brown and lustrous, and ashy gray or gray tinged with red during their
second year, and armed with thin straight or slightly curved bright chestnut-brown spines
f-H' long.
Distribution. Central Iowa (Steamboat Rock, Harden County, Cedar Rapids, Linn
County), southward to Missouri (Hannibal, Marion County, Webster, St. Louis County to
the neighborhood of Springfield, Greene County), and eastward to northeastern Illinois
(Downers Grove, Dupage County); through north central Indiana to southern Michigan
(Kalamazoo and Ingham Counties) ; through central and southern Ohio to the southeastern
part of the state (Washington County) ; southeastern Ontario (London and Oakwood) ; in
central Tennessee (West Nashville, Davidson County).
508 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
XII. INTRICATE.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Stamens 10; leaves broad-ovate to oval.
Fruit depressed-globose, yellow-green flushed with russet-red; anthers pale yellow; calyx-
lobes eglandular. 112. C. Boyntonii (A, C).
Fruit subglobose, red or russet-red; anthers pale rose color; calyx-lobes glandular with
stalked glands. 113. C. Buckleyi (A).
Stamens 20.
Leaves oval to ovate or oblong-obovate; fruit short-oblong, dull red, often with a bright
russet face; stamens usually 5-15; anthers small, pale yellow. 114. C. venusta (C).
Leaves oblong-ovate to elliptic or ovate; fruit subglobose to short-oblong, yellow or
orange-yellow, more or less flushed with red; anthers large, purple.
115. C. Sargentii (C).
112. Crataegus Boyntonii Beadl.
Leaves broad-ovate to oval, acute, rounded or cuneate at the entire glandular base,
sharply and often doubly serrate above with glandular teeth, and frequently divided into
2 or 3 pairs of short broad acute lateral lobes, w r hen they unfold deep bronze-red, slightly
Fig. 464
glandular and viscid, nearly fully grown when the flowers open early in May, and then
membranaceous and glabrous or occasionaly slightly pilose, and at maturity subcoriaceous,
glabrous, yellow-green on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, l'-2^' long, and l'-2'
wide, with a thin pale yellow midrib and 4-7 pairs of slender veins; petioles stout, glandular
often to the base with bright red glands, slightly winged above, usually about \' in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often as broad as long, truncate or cordate at base, and
more coarsely dentate and more deeply lobed. Flowers about f ' in diameter, on short
slender pedicels, in compact 4-10-flowered compound corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
the lobes abruptly narrowed from a broad base, acute or rounded at apex, entire or ob-
scurely and irregularly glandular-serrate above the middle; stamens 10; anthers large, pale
yellow; styles 3-5, surrounded at base by a broad thick ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit
ripening and falling early in October, on short stout pedicels, in few-fruited erect clusters,
depressed-globose, more or less angled, yellow-green flushed with russet -red, marked with
small dark dots, usually about \' in diameter; calyx prominent, the large spreading lobes
KOSACE^E
509
often deciduous before the fruit ripens; nutlets 3-5, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded
at the narrow base, about j' long.
A tree, occasionally 20 high, with a tall straight trunk 6'-8' in diameter, sometimes
armed with long gray compound spines, stout ascending branches forming a narrow open
irregular or occasionally a round-topped head, and glabrous branchlets furnished with
many thin nearly straight light chestnut-brown spines H'-2' long; or more often a shrub,
with numerous stems.
Distribution. Banks of streams, the borders of fields and upland woods in the southern
Appalachian foothill region from southern Virginia to northern Georgia; in northern Ala-
bama, southeastern Kentucky, and eastern Tennessee; sometimes ascending to altitudes
of 3000 above the sea.
113. Crataegus Buckley! Beadl.
Leaves broad-ovate or oval, acute, rounded or subcordate or narrowed and concave-
cuneate at the entire base, coarsely often doubly serrate above with straight glandular
teeth, and more or less incisely lobed with acuminate lateral lobes, more than half grown
Fig. 465
when the flowers open about the middle of May and then pale green and glabrous with the
exception of a few caducous hairs on the upper side of the base of the midrib, and at ma-
turity dark green above, paler below, If '-2' long, and 1%'-%' wide; petioles stout, conspicu-
ously glandular above the base, wing-margined at the apex, glabrous, '-' in length.
Flowers about f in diameter, on slender glabrous pedicels, in compact 3-7-flowered simple
corymbs, with conspicuously glandular bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
glabrous, the lobes broad, acuminate, laciniately cut toward the apex, and glandular with
stipitate glands; stamens 10; anthers pale rose color; styles 3-5, surrounded at base by tufts
of pale hairs. Fruit ripening late in September or in October, subglobose, usually angled,
red or russet-red, about \' in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with spreading or reflexed
lobes; flesh thin, dry and mealy; nutlets 3-5, broad and rounded at base, rounded at the
slightly narrowed apex, prominently ridged on the back, with a broad grooved ridge,
about jV long.
A tree, often 25 high, with a trunk 4 '-7' in diameter and sometimes 10-12 long,
covered with gray or often dark brown scaly bark, stout spreading or ascending branches,
and thick glabrous red-brown branchlets armed with thin straight shining spines \' long,
becoming much longer and branched on the trunk and large branches.
Distribution. Southwestern Virginia, through western North Carolina to eastern
Tennessee; usually at altitudes between 2000 and 3000; common on wooded slopes with
Oaks, Hickories, and Pines.
510
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
114. Crataegus venusta Beadl.
Leaves oval to ovate or occasionally to oblong-ovate, acute, gradually or abruptly nar-
rowed and cuneate or rounded at the entire' base, finely serrate above with usually incurved
glandular teeth, and frequently slightly and irregularly divided above the middle into 1-3
pairs of short broad acute lobes, when they unfold dark bronze color, with a few scattered
pale caducous hairs on the upper surface, about half grown when the flowers open from the
20th to the end of April, and then yellow-green, smooth and glabrous, and at maturity
dark dull green above, pale below, 2f long, and li' wide, ^ ith a stout midrib and 4-7 pairs
of thin primary veins; late in the autumn turning, especially those on leading shoots deep
orange or scarlet; petioles stout, glandular, more or less winged above, \'-\' in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots generally broad-ovate, rounded at base, deeply lobed
with broad lobes, and often 3|' long and 3' wide. Flowers 1' in diameter, on short
pedicels, in 4-9-flowered compact corymbs, their bracts and bractlets like the inner bud-
Fig. 466
scales coarsely glandular-serrate and bright red before falling; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acute, coarsely glandular-serrate often
only below the middle; stamens 15-20, usually 15-17; anthers small, pale yellow; styles
3-5, surrounded at the base by a ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripening and falling from the
1st to the middle of October, on stout pedicels often 1' long, in few-fruited clusters, short-
oblong, rounded at the ends, dull red, often with a bright russet face, and marked by occa-
sional large dark dots; calyx prominent, with a long tube, and spreading lobes often decidu-
ous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 3-5, narrow and
acute at base, broad, about \' long.
A bushy tree, often 25 high, with a short trunk a foot in diameter, furnished like the
large branches with innumerable stout much-branched spines frequently 6' long, and
slender nearly straight glabrous dark chestnut-brown branchlets, armed with many stout
straight or slightly curved dark chestnut-brown shining spines frequently pointing toward
the base of the branch, and \\'-%\' long.
Distribution. Open Oak and Hickory-woods on the dry slopes of Red Mountain in the
southern part of the city of Birmingham, Jefferson County, Alabama.
115. Crataegus Sargentii Beadl.
Leaves oblong-ovate to elliptic or rarely to ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, gradually
or abruptly cuneate or rounded at the nearly entire base, irregularly doubly serrate above
with straight or incurved glandular teeth, and usually irregularly divided into 3 or 4 pairs
HOSACE^E
511
of short broad acute or acuminate lobes, nearly fully grown when the flowers open late in
April, and then subcoriaceous, pale yellow-green, and villose on the midrib with scattered
pale caducous hairs, and at maturity lustrous, dark yellow-green above, pale below, 2'-3'
long, and l'-2' wide, with a thin midrib, 5-7 pairs of thin light yellow veins and conspicu-
ous reticulate veinlets; turning in the autumn bright yellow and red; petioles slender,
glandular, more or less broadly winged toward the apex, f'-f in length; leaves at the end
of vigorous shoots oblong-ovate, concave-cuneate at base, often 3' long and 2' wide, their
petioles broadly wing-margined to below the middle. Flowers nearly 1' in diameter, on
long thin slightly villose pedicels, in 2-5 usually 3-flowered simple corymbs, with coarsely
glandular-serrate bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous or slightly
villose, the lobes foliaceous, acute, coarsely glandular-serrate above the middle; stamens
20; anthers large, dark rose color; styles 3-5, usually 4, surrounded at base by a narrow
ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripening and falling about the middle of September, often only a
single fruit maturing from a flower-cluster, subglobose to short-oblong, rounded at the
Fig. 467
ends, yellow or orange-yellow, generally more or less flushed with red, marked by occasional
large dark dots, \'-\' long; calyx prominent, with an elongated tube and closely appressed
lobes; flesh yellow, thin and hard; nutlets 3-5, usually 4, about j' long.
An intricately branched tree, rarely more than 20 high, with a tall trunk 6'-7' in diame-
ter, stout ascending branches formipg a narrow or sometimes a round flat-topped head,
and glabrous branchlets armed with thin straight or slightly curved dark chestnut-brown
shining spines, f'-l^' long; often a large shrub, with few or many stems.
Distribution. Rocky woods and bluffs in the foothill region of northwestern Georgia
(cliffs of the Coosa River near Rome, Floyd County), southeastern Tennessee (near Chata-
nooga, Hamilton County, and Tracy City, Grundy County), and northeastern Alabama;
very abundant in Alabama at Valley Head, De Kalb County, and on the low ridges extend-
ing southward to the neighborhood of Birmingham, Jefferson County.
XIII. PULCHERRUVLE.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Leaves oval to ovate or nearly orbicular, their lobes acute or rounded; fruit bright red.
116. C. opima (C).
Leaves ovate to oval or obovate, their lobes acute; fruit orange-red. 117. C. robur (C).
512
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
116. Crataegus opima Beadl.
Leaves oval to ovate or nearly orbicular, acute, gradually or abruptly narrowed and
cuneate at the entire base, finely serrate above with incurved teeth, and usually divided
above the middle into short acute, acuminate or rounded lobes, half grown when the
flowers open the middle of April, and then glabrous with the exception of a few short cadu-
cous hairs on the midrib and veins, and at maturity light green on the upper surface, pale
on the lower surface, l' long, and lj' wide, with a slender midrib, and 5 or 6 pairs of
arcuate primary veins spreading to the point of the lobes; petioles narrowly winged at
the apex, usually about f ' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes rounded
or nearly truncate at base and 1|'-2|' long and broad. Flowers about f in diameter, on
short slender pedicels, in compact few-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly ob-
conic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acute, entire or sparingly
glandular-serrate, tipped with dark red glands, glabrous on the outer surface, puberulous
on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers dark rose color; styles 3-5, surrounded at base
by a narrow ring of snowy white tomentum. Fruit ripening about the 1st of October and
Fig. 468
then remaining on the branches for several weeks, on short stout pedicels, in compact few-
fruited erect or drooping clusters, subglobose, often rather longer than broad, bright red,
about i' in diameter; calyx prominent, with a well-developed tube, and much enlarged
closely appressed lobes often deciduous with the tube before the fruit becomes entirely
ripe; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 3-5, thin, \' long.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a tall, slender often spiny trunk covered with ashy gray bark
nearly black at the base of old trees, spreading and ascending branches forming a rounded
or oval usually open head, and thin nearly straight bright red-brown glabrous branchlets
becoming gray tinged with red or brown in their second season, and armed with thin
nearly straight bright chestnut-brown lustrous spines, I'-l^' long.
Distribution. Open woods in clay soil in the neighborhood of Greenville, Butler County,
Alabama; common near Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida.
117. Crataegus robur Beadl.
Leaves ovate, oval or obovate, acute or acuminate, entire or sparingly glandular below,
finely serrate above with incurved glandular teeth, and incisely lobed above the middle
with numerous short acute lobes, nearly fully grown when the flowers open at the end of
March, and then membranaceous and dark yellow-green and lustrous, and at maturity
ROSACE/E
513
yellow-green, l-g-'-S' long, and !'-!%' wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and thin primary
veins extending very obliquely to the point of the lobes: turning in the autumn orange,
yellow, or brown; petioles slender, slightly wing-margined toward the apex, sparingly
glandular, i'-l' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broadly ovate, cuneate or
nearly truncate at the wide base, deeply divided into broad lateral lobes, often 2'-3' long
and broad, with a stout broadly winged petiole frequently 1' long. Flowers l|'-lj' in
diameter, on long slender pedicels, in 5-10-flowered glabrous corymbs, with large conspicu-
ously glandular bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes grad-
ually narrowed from a broad base, glabrous, entire or sparingly serrate; stamens 20; anthers
pale rose color; styles 3-5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripen^
ing in September and October, on elongated, slender pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clus-
ters, subglobose, orange-red, about \' in diameter; calyx-lobes deciduous before the matur~
ity of the fruit leaving a narrow ring round the shallow 7 cavity; flesh thin and firm; nutlets
3-5, broad, rounded at the ends, barely grooved on the rounded back, j 3 ,/ long and nearly
as broad.
Fig, 469
A tree, 20-25 high, with a trunk 4 '-6' in diameter, covered with gray or brown scaly
bark, spreading or ascending branches, and slender red-brown branchlets unarmed or
armed with stout spines \'-\' long; more often a large much-branched shrub, with one or
more stems.
Distribution. Woods and borders of fields, northwestern Florida; common in the
neighborhood of Tallahassee, Leon County.
XIV. BRACTEAT^E.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Leaves oval to broad-obovate, subcoriaceous; corymbs many-flowered; stamens 10-20,
usually 20; fruit bright red or orange-red. 118. C. Harbisonii (C).
Leaves broad-ovate or rarely obovate, thin: corymbs 3-10-flowered; stamens 20; fruit
bright red. 119. C. Ashei (C)
118. Crataegus Harbisonii Beadl.
Leaves oval to broad-obovate, acute at apex, cuneate or rounded at the entire base,
and coarsely serrate above with straight glandular teeth, when they unfold roughened
above by stout, rigid pale hairs, and soft and pubescent below, nearly fully grown early in
514
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
May when the flowers open, and then thin, dark yellow-green above and pale below, and
at maturity subcoriaceous; pale on the lower surface, 2'-2-|' long, and I'-l^' wide, with a
stout midrib and primary veins deeply impressed on the upper side of the leaf, and con-
spicuous reticulate veinlets; petioles stout, villose, more or less winged above, \'-% in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, cuneate and decurrent on their
stouter petiole, 3'-4' long, and 2'-3' wide, with lunate coarsely glandular-dentate stipules
frequently \' long. Flowers f ' in diameter, in broad loose usually 10-12-flowered corymbs,
with broad acute conspicuous glandular-serrate bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, densely villose at the base and glabrous or pubescent above, the lobes elongated,
gradually narrowed from a broad base, acute, bright green, more or less hairy, coarsely
glandular-serrate, with large stipitate dark red glands; stamens 10-20, usually 20; anthers
large, light yellow; styles 3-5. Fruit ripening and falling early in October, subglobose,
often rather longer than broad, bright red or orange-red, marked by numerous large dark
dots; calyx enlarged, w y ith spreading glandular lobes often deciduous before the fruit ripens;
flesh yellow, thick, dry and mealy; nutlets 3-5, narrowed at the ends, \' long.
Fig. 470
A tree, sometimes 25 high, with a trunk 10'-12' in diameter, covered with light gray or
gray-brown bark, and often armed with straight or much-branched spines, wide-spreading
light gray or reddish branches forming a rather open symmetrical head, and slender branch-
lets coated when they first appear with long spreading white hairs, pubescent or glabrous
and light red-brown or orange-brown during their first season, becoming dark or light gray