slightly divided into several short acute lobes at the broad apex, gradually narrowed from
the middle to the entire base, and serrate or doubly serrate above with incurved conspicu-
524 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
ously glandular teeth, when they unfold often dark red, covered above with long pale
caducous hairs and villose below on the midrib and veins, nearly fully grown when the
flowers open from the 1st to the 10th of May and then bright yellow-green and almost gla-
brous with the exception of the persistent tufts of pale hairs in the axils of the veins, and
at maturity thin and firm, dark green and lustrous above, paler below, usually about 1^'
long and 1' wide, with an orange-colored midrib, generally 3 pairs of slender primary veins
extending obliquely to the point of the lobes, and dark conspicuous reticulate veinlets;
turning red, yellow, or brown in the autumn; petioles slender, glandular, wing-margined
above, at first tomentose, becoming pubescent or nearly glabrous, about f in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, often nearly orbicular, more deeply
lobed with broad rounded or acute lobes, 2'-2|' in diameter, their stipules lunate,
coarsely glandular-dentate, sometimes \' long. Flowers f in diameter, on long slender
pedicels coated with matted pale hairs, in lax compound 3-6-flowered villose corymbs,
with lanceolate straight or falcate glandular bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, villose particularly toward the base, the lobes narrow, elongated, acuminate.
Fig. 480
nearly glabrous, coarsely and irregularly glandular-serrate; stamens 20; styles 3-5, sur-
rounded at base by a broad ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling at the end
of September or early in October, on slender slightly hairy elongated pedicels, in few-
fruited drooping clusters, globose, bright red, \'-\' in diameter; calyx enlarged, with closely
appressed lobes; flesh yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 3-5, broad and rounded at apex, nar-
rowed and acute at base, slightly grooved on the back, about \' long.
Distribution. Abandoned fields and open Pine-woods near Asheville, Buncombe County,
North Carolina, at altitudes of about 2200.
129. Crataegus annosa Beadl.
Leaves obovate, oval, or oblanceolate, cuneate and glandular at base, sharply and often
doubly glandular-serrate above, and usually slightly lobed toward the short-pointed acute
apex, more than half grown when the flowers open early in April and then pale yellow-green
and scurfy above, with a few short pale hairs above and below near the base of the midrib,
and at maturity thin, glabrous, bright green, \'-\\' long, and f '-!' wide, with a prominent
pale yellow midrib, and remote slender veins extending very obliquely to the point of the
lobes; turning in the autumn yellow, orange, or brown; petioles slender, narrowly winged
above, conspicuously glandular with large dark glands, \'-\' in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots broad-ovate to obovate or suborbicular, coarsely serrate, conspicuously
reticulate-venulose, sometimes 2' long and wide, with broadly winged petioles and folia-
ROSACE^E
ceous coarsely dentate persistent stipules often f long. Flowers f ' in diameter, on stout
villose pedicels, in simple 3-5-flowered villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, spar-
ingly villose toward the base, the lobes acute, glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer sur-
face, puberulous on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers almost white; styles 3-5, sur-
rounded at base by a broad ring of snow-white tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling late
in August or early in September, subglobose or ellipsoidal, orange-red or red and orange,
Fig. 481
about \' long; calyx little enlarged, the lobes puberulous on the upper side and reflexed;
flesh thick and soft; nutlets 3-5, broad and rounded at base, narrowed and rounded at
apex, rounded and ridged on the back with a broad low rounded ridge, about T %' long.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a trunk sometimes a foot in diameter, covered with dark
rough often black bark, stout spreading or ascending branches, and thick dull red-brown
ultimately dark gray or nearly black branchlets armed with straight rather stout spines
l'-H' long.
Distribution. Eastern central Alabama; common near Phoenix, Lee County, and
Girard, Russell County.
130. Crataegus panda Beadl.
Leaves obovate, rounded and short-pointed or abruptly narrowed and acute at the broad
occasionally slightly lobed apex, concave-cuneate and glandular at the entire base, and
finely serrate above with minute incurved glandular teeth, when they unfold tinged with
red and sparingly villose, nearly fully grown when the flowers open the 1st of April and then
roughened above by short pale rigid hairs and villose above and below on the midrib and
on the veins below, and at maturity glabrous, or puberulous on the under surface of the
slender midrib, subcoriaceous, light green and lustrous, glandular, l'-lf long, and f'-l'
wide, with slender primary veins extending very obliquely toward the end of the leaf;
turning yellow-brown or orange color in the autumn before falling; petioles slender, slightly
wing-margined at apex, villose early in the season, becoming glabrous, glandular, about f '
in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded, apiculate and lobed
at apex, puberulous and villose on the midrib and veins on the lower surface, often If long
and 2' wide. Flowers f'-f ' in diameter, on slender hairy pedicels, in compact 3-5-flowered
simple corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, covered with matted white hairs, the lobes
gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, glandular-serrate, more or less villose:
stamens 20; anthers nearly white; styles 3-5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale
hairs. Fruit ripening and falling at the end of August or early in September, on stout pedi-
cels, in erect few-fruited clusters, globose or depressed-globose, orange-yellow, with a red
526
cheek,
'-'
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
in diameter; calyx slightly enlarged, with closely appressed often deciduous
lobes; flesh thick, succulent, orange-yellow; nutlets 3-5, narrowed and acute at the ends,
grooved on the rounded back with a broad shallow groove, about \' long.
Fig. 482
A tree, 20-2-5 high, with a trunk sometimes a foot in diameter, covered with dark
rough bark, crooked recurved branches forming an open irregular head, and stout branch-
lets covered at first with matted pale hairs, reddish brown and puberulous during their
first season, becoming gray ; and unarmed or occasionally armed with stout spines ^'-1'
long.
Distribution. Dry sandy soil near Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida.
131. Crataegus integra Beadl.
Leaves obovate to oblong-obovate, narrowed from near the middle to the acute apex,
concave-cuneate and gradually narrowed to the slender base, and finely serrate, nearly half
Fig. 483
grown when the flowers open about the 20th of March, and then glandular on the margins,
slightly hairy on the midrib and on the under side of the veins, and at maturity subcoria-
ceous, bright green, lustrous, and glabrous above, paler below, l'-lj' long, and about f ' wide,
ROSACE^E 527
with a thin yellow midrib puberulous below, slender primary veins extending very obliquely
to the end of the leaf, with 1 or 2 pairs near the middle of the blade more prominent than
those below and above them; turning in the autumn yellow, orange and brown; petioles
slender, narrowly wing-margined above, glandular, at first hoary-tomentose, becoming
pubescent or puberulous, i'-f in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broadly
obovate, short-pointed at apex, slightly undulate-lobed above the middle, sometimes
\\' long and broad. Flowers f'f' in diameter, on slender elongated hoary-tomentose
pedicels, in 3-5-flowered simple corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, thickly covered
with matted white hairs, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate,
glandular, pilose on the outer, sparingly pilose on the inner surface; stamens 20; an-
thers pale yellow; styles 3-5, surrounded at base by a thick ring of white hairs. Fruit
ripening and falling in August, on slender erect pubescent pedicels, globose, red, about \'
in diameter; calyx deciduous; flesh thin, orange-yellow r , and succulent; nutlets 3-5, nar-
rowed and acute at the base, rounded at the apex, flat and grooved on the back with a
narrow shallow groove, about jV l n g-
A tree, 12-15 high, with a trunk sometimes 8' in diameter, covered with thick nearly
black checkered bark, drooping branches forming a handsome symmetrical head, and
slender very zigzag branchlets clothed when they first appear with hoary tomentum,
rather bright reddish brown and roughened by minute tubercles at the end of their first
season, becoming gray or grayish brown, and unarmed or armed with occasional short
slender spines.
Distribution. Sandy woods and abandoned fields; central Florida; common near Eustis,
Lake County, and Orlando, Orange County.
132. Crataegus recurva Beadl.
Leaves spatulate, rounded or acute or sometimes obovate and obtusely 3-lobed at apex,
and finely glandular-serrate with bright red glands, nearly half grown when the flowers
Fig. 484
open about the 20th of March and then almost glabrous above, slightly hairy near the base
below, and at maturity subcoriaceous, glabrous, about 1' long and \'-\' wide, with a slender
yellow midrib and one pair of veins often more prominent than the others and nearly
parallel with the margins of the blade; turning in the autumn yellow, orange, and brown;
petioles slender, conspicuously glandular, villose when they first appear, becoming gla-
brous, \'-\' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-obovate, deeply divided
into narrow lateral ascending rounded lobes, concave-cuneate at base, with a stouter mid-
rib, and veins arching to the point of the lobes, and often 1' long and f ' wide. Flowers
528
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
\'-\' in diameter, on stout pedicels thickly covered with matted pale hairs, solitary or in
2-flowered simple corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, pilose below, nearly glabrous
above, the lobes slender, acuminate, glandular-serrate, slightly hairy on the outer surface,
glabrous on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers pale yellow; styles 3-5. Fruit ripening
in August, erect on short stout pedicels, obovoid, red, \' long; calyx little enlarged, often
deciduous; flesh thick and soft; nutlets 3-5, broad and rounded at the ends, rounded and
obscurely grooved on the back, about \' long.
A tree, 15-18 high, with a short trunk 5'-6' in diameter, covered with gray or brownish
rough bark, slender pendulous branches forming a broad symmetrical head, and slender
very zigzag branchlets, villose early in tho season, becoming bright chestnut-brown and
very lustrous and ultimately dark reddish brown, and armed with numerous slender
straight spines usually about \' long.
Distribution. Dry sandy soil, Ocala, Marion County, Florida.
133. Crataegus dispar Beadl.
Leaves broad-ovate or orbicular, 3-nerved, acute or rounded at apex, generally narrowed
and cuneate or concave-cuneate at the glandular entire base, serrate or doubly serrate
above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, and mostly divided above the middle into
Fig. 485
short acute lobes, when they unfold coated with long matted white hairs most abundant on
the lower surface, more than half grown when the flowers open about the middle of April
and then blue-green and villose above and tomentose below, and at maturity thin and firm
in texture, blue-green and glabrous on the upper surface, pale and slightly pubescent on the
lower surface, usually about 1' long and f'-l' wide; turning red, yellow, or brown in the
autumn; petioles slender, tomentose, becoming pubescent or villose, glandular, slightly
wing-margined above, usually about \' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
broad-ovate or suborbicular, rounded at the broad base, coarsely serrate, and often deeply
divided above the middle into 3 wide acute lobes broader than long. Flowers about f ' in
diameter, on slender hoary-tomentose pedicels, in simple 3-7-flowered corymbs, with
narrow-obovate acute glandular bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated
with hoary tomentum, the lobes narrow, acute, glandular-serrate with minute bright red
glands, tomentose on the outer surface below the middle, glabrous above, tomentose on the
inner surface; stamens 20; styles 3-5, surrounded at base by a ring of pale tomentum.
Fruit ripening late in August or early in September, on slender pubescent pedicels, in few-
fruited clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, light red, puberulous toward the ends, about
\' in diameter; calyx prominent, with reflexed closely appressed lobes tomentose at base;
ROSACE^E 529
flesh thin, yellow, subacid; nutlets 3-5, rounded at the ends, ridged on the back with a
broad low ridge, dark brown, \' long.
A tree, 20-25 high, with a short trunk a foot in diameter, heavy ascending branches
forming a broad irregular head, and stout zigzag branchlets at first hoary-tomentose, dark
red-brown and pubescent during their first summer, becoming darker colored and glabrous
the following season, and armed with thick or thin nearly straight dark red-brown ulti-
mately gray spines l|'-2' long.
Distribution. Dry sand hills near Aiken, Aiken County, and Trenton, Edgefield County,
South Carolina; more abundant at Summerville, west of Augusta, Richmond County,
Georgia.
134. Crataegus aprica Beadl.
Leaves broad-obovate, oval, or rhombic, acute and short-pointed or rounded and often
somewhat lobed at apex, gradually or abruptly narrowed and cuneate at the entire base,
and serrate usually only above the middle with small incurved teeth terminating in con-
Fig. 486
spicuous rose-colored ultimately dark red persistent glands, when they unfold deep orange
color, roughened above by short pale appressed hairs and sparingly villose below, espe-
cially on the slender midrib and remote primary veins, nearly fully grown when the flowers
open about the 10th of May, and at maturity thick and firm, glabrous, smooth, and dark
yellow-green on the upper surfa.ce, pale on the lower surface, I'-lj' long, and 1' wide;
petioles stout, conspicuously glandular, more or less winged toward the apex, villose early
in the season, becoming nearly glabrous, usually bright red on the lower side toward the
base after midsummer, about \' in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often
nearly orbicular, frequently more deeply lobed, and l|'-2' long and wide, with a stout
broadly winged petiole, and foliaceous lunate stipules. Flowers -f ' in diameter, on slen-
der villose pedicels, in small 3-6-flowered compact simple corymbs; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, villose at base, glabrous above, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base,
acuminate, glabrous, coarsely glandular-serrate; stamens 10; anthers small, bright yellow;
styles 3-5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripening late in the
autumn, on stout glabrous or slightly villose pedicels, in erect or drooping usually 2 or 3-
fruited clusters, subglobose, rarely rather longer than broad, about \' in diameter, dull
orange-red, often slightly villose at the ends, marked by numerous small dark dots; calyx
much enlarged, with wide-spreading coarsely glandular acuminate lobes bright red at base
on the upper side; flesh thin, light yellow, sweet and rather juicy; nutlets 3-5, broad and
rounded at the ends, rounded and ridged on the back with a broad low ridge, about \ f long.
530
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
A tree, occasionally 20 high, with a stem 6'-8' in diameter, covered with deeply furrowed
dark gray bark broken irregularly into small persistent plate-like scales, and becoming on
old stems often nearly black, spreading often elongated contorted branches forming a
broad open head, and slender zigzag branchlets dark green tinged with red and villose
when they first appear, soon becoming nearly glabrous, light orange-brown at midsummer,
dark reddish brown or purple before winter, and ultimately ashy gray, and armed with thin
nearly straight chestnut-brow r n spines I'-l^' long; or frequently a much-branched shrub,
with several stout spreading stems.
Distribution. Dry woods in the foothill region of the southern Appalachian Mountains;
southwestern Virginia through western North Carolina to eastern Tennessee and northern
Georgia; in northern Alabama; usually at altitudes between 1500 and 3500; common.
XVI. MICROCARPJE.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Fruit short-oblong; leaves orbicular to broad-ovate, pinnately 5-7-cleft.
135. C. apiifolia (C).
Fruit subglobose.
Leaves broad-ovate to triangular, long-stalked; calyx deciduous from the fruit.
136. C. Phaenopyrum (A, C).
Leaves spatula te to oblanceolate, short-stalked; calyx generally persistent on the fruit.
137. C. spathulata (C).
135. Cratsegus apiifolia Michx. Parsley Haw.
Leaves broad-ovate to orbicular, acute at apex, truncate, slightly cordate or cuneate
at the broad base, and pinnately 5-7-cleft with shallow acute or deep wide sinuses, and
incisely lobed with broad or acute segments serrate toward the apex with spreading glandu-
lar teeth, when they unfold pilose above with long pale hairs, and mostly glabrous below,
fully grown when the flowers open late in March or early in April, and at maturity thin,
bright green and rather lustrous above, paler and glabrous or pilose below on the promi-
nent midrib and primary veins, or on occasional plants pubescent on both surfaces, f'-lf '
wide; petioles slender, pubescent, becoming glabrous, l'-l|' in length: leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots often divided nearly to the midrib, with foliaceous lunate coarsely glandu-
lar-serrate short-stalked stipules sometimes |' long. Flowers \' in diameter, on long slen-
ROSACE.E 531
der hairy pedicels, in crowded densely villose usually 10-12-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube
narrowly obconic, glabrous or covered with long matted pale hairs, the lobes lanceolate,
acute, glabrous, usually glandular-serrate, often tinged with red toward the apex; stamens
20; anthers bright rose color; styles 1-3. Fruit ripening in October and persistent on the
branches until the beginning of winter, short-oblong, bright scarlet, |' long; calyx prom-
inent, the lobes elongated, reflexed, often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin; nut-
lets 1-3, rounded at the ends, about $' long.
A tree, occasionally 20 high, with a trunk rarely 6'-8' in diameter, branches spreading
nearly at right angles and forming a wide irregular open head, and slender more or less
zigzag of ten -contorted branchlets covered when they first appear with long pale hairs, light
red or pale orange-brown and usually puberulous in their first winter, ultimately light
brown or ashy gray, and armed with stout straight chestnut-brown spines l'-l|' long.
Distribution. Borders of streams and swamps or in hummocks in Pine-barrens in the
coast and Piedmont regions of the south Atlantic States from southeastern Virginia to
Georgia; in western Florida south to Lafayette County (near Old Town), north-central and
southern Alabama, Louisiana and the coast region of Texas to the valley of the lower Colo-
rado River (low woods, Peyton's Creek, Matagorda County), and through Arkansas to
eastern Oklahoma (Page, Le Flore County) and to southeastern Missouri; most abundant
and of its largest size in southern Arkansas and western Louisiana.
136. Crataegus Phaenopyrum Med. Washington Thorn.
Cratcegus cor data Ait.
Leaves broad-ovate to triangular, acute or acuminate, truncate, broad-cuneate, rounded
or cordate at the entire base, coarsely serrate above with acute spreading often gland-
tipped teeth, and more or less incisely lobed or often 3-lobed, tinged with red when they
Fig. 488
unfold and sparingly pilose above with long pale caducous hairs, fully grown when the
flowers open at the end of May, and at maturity thin and firm, dark green and lustrous
above, pale and rarely pubescent on the lower surface, especially on the conspicuous
orange-colored midrib and primary veins, If '-2' long, and I'-lf ' wide; turning late in the
autumn bright scarlet and orange; petioles slender, terete, glabrous, f'-lf in length.
Flowers on slender pedicels, in rather compact many-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-
tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes short, nearly triangular, entire, abruptly con-
tracted at apex into a minute point, glabrous on the outer, pubescent on the inner surface,
ciliate on the margins; stamens 20; anthers rose color; styles 2-5, surrounded at base by
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
conspicuous tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening in September and October and persistent
on the branches until the spring of the following year, -depressed-globose, scarlet, lustrous,
\' in diameter; calyx deciduous from the ripe fruit, leaving a wide circular scar surrounding
the persistent erect tips of the carpels; nutlets 3-5, narrowed and acute at base, broad and
rounded at apex, about $' long.
A tree, 20-30 high, with a straight trunk sometimes a foot in diameter, generally divid-
ing 4-5 above the ground into slender usually upright branches forming an oblong or
occasionally round-topped head, slender zigzag glabrous bright chestnut-brown lustrous
branchlets, becoming dark gray or reddish brown, and armed with slender sharp spines
l^'-2' long; often much smaller, and sometimes a broad spreading bush.
Distribution. Banks of streams in rich soil; western North Carolina at altitudes of about
2000, to middle Tennessee and southern Kentucky; in southern Missouri (St. Francois,
Wayne, Shannon, Carter and Ripley Counties), and in Richland County, Illinois; now
often naturalized in the middle and Ohio valley states; nowhere common. Often culti-
vated in the eastern states and in western Europe; hardy as far north as eastern Massa-
chusetts.
137. Cratsegus spathulata Michx.
Crataegus spathulata var. flavanthera Sarg.
Leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, rounded or acuminate and sometimes 3-Iobed at apex,
gradually narrowed from above the middle to the slender concave-cuneate entire base, and
crenately serrate above, nearly fully grown when the flowers open from March to May and
Fig. 489
then sparingly villose above with long white caducous hairs, and at maturity subcori-
aceous, glabrous, dark green and lustrous above, paler below, reticulate-venulose, with an
obscure yellow midrib and primary veins, l'-2' long, and 1 '-!' wide, clustered at the end
of short lateral branchlets; petioles slender, wing-margined to the base, '-' in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often deeply 3-lobed above the middle with rounded
coarsely crenately serrate lobes, and narrowed below into a long winged petiole, l'-2' long,
and l'-l' wide, with a broad thick midrib often pilose on the lower surface, their stipules
foliaceous, lunate, sharply serrate, stalked, often ' broad. Flowers \' in diameter, on
long slender pedicels, in glabrous many-flowered narrow corymbs; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, glabrous, the lobes short, nearly triangular, almost entire, minutely glandular-
apiculate; stamens 20; anthers pale yellow; styles 2-5. Fruit ripening in October, sub-
533
globose, bright scarlet, lustrous, about |' in diameter; calyx only slightly enlarged, with
reflexed lobes; flesh thin, dry and mealy; nutlets 3-5, broad and rounded at apex, narrowed
at base, T \j'-|-' long.
A tree, 18-25 high, with a straight trunk occasionally 8'-10' in diameter, slender up-
right and spreading branches forming a broad open head, and thin zigzag glabrous light
reddish brown branchlets, unarmed, or armed with straight stout light brown spines I'-l^'
long; more often a shrub, with numerous spreading stems.
Distribution. Rich soil usually near the banks of streams or swamps, or low depressions
in Pine-forests; North Carolina (near Albemarle, Stanly County) to central South Caro-
lina, central, northwestern (Rome, Floyd County), and southwestern Georgia to northern
Florida (Ocala, Marion County, to River Junction, Gadsden County) ; northern Alabama
southward to Dallas County; eastern and western Mississippi (near Natchez, Adams
County) eastern and northwestern Louisiana (Richland, Rapides, Caddo and Natchitoches
Parishes); eastern Texas to the valley of the Guadalupe River (near Seguin, Guadalupe
County), southeastern Oklahoma (Bennington, Bryan County), and through southern and
western Arkansas to southwestern Missouri (Tanney and Jasper Counties) ; probably most