the lanceolate petals; staminodia oblong-obovate, acute, nearly as long as the petals; style
glabrous. Fruit ripening in August and September, subglobose to ellipsoid, rusty- tomen-
tose, f ' in diameter.
A tree, 40-50 high, with a trunk 12'-15' in diameter, and slender glabrous red-brown
or yellow branchlets. Winter-buds obtuse, dark red-brown, glabrous, about ^' long.
Distribution. North Carolina (Polk County) to western Florida and westward through
northern and central Alabama, central Mississippi, northern and western Louisiana, east-
ern and over the Edwards Plateau to Kerr, Bandera and TTvalde Counties, Texas, and through
Fig. 663
southern and western Arkansas to eastern Oklahoma, Missouri and eastern Kentucky; in
northeastern Mexico; the var. australis in Blount County, Alabama. A variety (var.
oblongifolia Sarg.) with narrower more elongated leaves with more prominent tufts of axil-
lary hairs occurs in Putnam, Leon and Gadsden Counties, Florida, on the bluffs of the
Alabama River near Berlin, Dallas County, Alabama, in Hinds, Rankin and Adams Coun-
ties, Mississippi, in West Feliciana, Iberia (A very Island) and Natchitoches Parishes,
Louisiana, in Hempstead and Salina Counties, Arkansas, and in Harris, Anderson and Liv-
ingston Counties, Texas.
7. Tilia Cocksii Sarg.
Leaves ovate, abruptly acuminate at apex, very oblique at the truncate or rounded base,
dentate with small remote glandular apiculate teeth, covered when they unfold with loose
floccose pubescence, nearly glabrous when fully grown early in April, when the flowers open
the middle of May dark green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale blue-green and lus-
trous below, and at mid-summer when the fruit ripens, subcoriaceous, dark green and lus-
trous on the upper surface, paler on the lower surface, with slender primary veins without
or occasionally with minute axillary tufts, and connected by conspicuous straight or
curved veinlets, 3'-4' long and 2|'-3' wide; petioles slender, glabrous, }'-!' in length:
TILIACEyE
leaves on leading summer branchlets sometimes obliquely cordate, more coarsely serrate,
covered on the upper surface with short fascicled hairs, and floccose-pubescent on the lower
surface, 4>'-5' long and 4'-4j' wide, their petioles puberulous. Flowers opening the middle
of May, i' long, on tomentose pedicels, in compact pubescent many-flowered cymes; pedun-
cle slender, glabrous, the free portion only f -f ' in length, its bract oblong, occasionally
Fig. 664
slightly obovate, rounded at the ends, hoary -tomentose on the under surface and pubescent
on the upper surface w r hen it first appears, and when the flowers open puberulous below and
glabrous above, 3^'-6' long, '-f ' wide and shorter than and decurrent to the base of the
peduncle; sepals ovate, acuminate, pale pubescent on the outer surface, villose at the base
on the inner surface, a third shorter than the lanceolate acuminate petals; staminodia ob-
long-obovate, rounded at apex, about half the length of the petals; style glabrous. Fruit
ripening the middle of July, globose to depressed-globose, covered with loose brown to-
mentum, \' in diameter.
A small tree with slender dull red glabrous branchlets, the leading branchlets in summer
more or less pubescent. Winter-buds ovoid, acute, dull red, glabrous or pubescent on
leading shoots, i'-|' long.
Distribution. Louisiana, river banks and low woods, Lake Charles and West Lake
Charles, Calcasieu Parish.
8. Tilia neglecta Spach.
Tilia Michauxii Sarg., not Nutt.
Leaves thick and firm, acute or abruptly narrowed and long-pointed at apex, obliquely
concave or unsymmetrically,cordate at base, coarsely serrate with straight apiculate teeth
pointing forward, dark green, smooth, glabrous and lustrous above, covered below except
on the midrib and veins more or less thickly with short gray pubescence often slightly
tinged with brown, and furnished with conspicuous tufts of axillary hairs, usually 4'-5j'
long and 2'-4-J' wide; petioles stout, glabrous, lj'-2' in length. Flowers opening in
June and July about f ' long, on pubescent or nearly glabrous pedicels, in long-branched
slender glabrous mostly 5-15-flowered cymes; peduncle slender, glabrous, the free portion
li'-H' in length, its bract gradually narrowed and cuneate or unsymmetrically cuneate
or rounded at base, rounded at apex, glabrous, %l'-4t\' long, f '-!' wide and longer than
and decurrent nearly to the base or to within |' of the base of the peduncle; sepals
broad-ovate, acute, ciliate on the margins, glabrous on the outer surface, covered on the
inner surface with long white hairs, about half as long as the lanceolate petals rounded and
notched at apex and rather longer than the spatulate staminodia; stamens included; stvle
740
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
villose toward the base. Fruit ripening in September, ellipsoid, ovoid, obovoid, or de-
pressed-globose, rounded or acute or rarely gradually narrowed and acuminate at apex,
rarely 5-angled, covered w r ith rusty or pale pubescence, usually about %' in diameter.
Fig. 665
A tree, 75-90 high, with a trunk sometimes 3 in diameter, smooth often pendulous
branches forming a broad round head, and slender glabrous branchlets. Winter-buds
ovoid, rounded at the narrowed apex, about i' long, with glabrous red-brown or light
brown scales. Bark of the trunk about 1' thick, deeply furrowed, pale reddish brown and
covered with small thin scales.
Distribution. Rich moist soil, Province of Quebec, near Montreal, to the coast of Massa-
chusetts and New York, through the middle states to the valley of the Potomac River and
along the Appalachian Mountains to those of North Carolina, and to luka, Tishomingo
County, Mississippi, and from central and western New York to northern Missouri.
. Tilia caroliniana Mill.
Leaves ovate, oblique and truncate or cordate at base, abruptly long-pointed at apex,
coarsely dentate with broad apiculate glandular teeth pointing forward, and coated below
Fig. 666
TILIACE^E 741
with a rusty or pale easily detached pubescence of fascicled hairs, coated when they unfold
with hoary tomentum, soon glabrous on the upper surface, and at maturity dark yellow-
green and lustrous above, 2|'-4^ / long and 2^-5' wide; petioles stout, glabrous, I'-l^' in
length. Flowers opening the middle of June, \ f long, on slender pubescent pedicels, in
small stout-branched pubescent mostly 8-15-flowered cymes; peduncle slender, pubes-
cent, the free portion f'-lj' long, its bract oblong-obovate, cuneate at base, rounded or
acute at apex, nearly glabrous on the upper surface when it first appears, pubescent be-
coming glabrous or almost glabrous below, 4'-5 / long and f wide, longer or shorter than and
decurrent to the base or nearly to the base of the peduncle; sepals ovate, acuminate, cili-
ate on the margins, brown and covered with pale pubescence on the outer surface, coated on
the inner surface with long white hairs; petals lanceolate, acuminate, a third longer than the
sepals; staminodia oblong-obovate, rounded at apex, rather shorter than the petals; style
tomentose at base or glabrous. Fruit subglobose, ellipsoid or obovoid, f ' in diameter.
A large tree with slender red-brown glabrous or slightly pubescent branchlets. Winter-
buds ovoid, acute, glabrous or rarely pubescent, about \' long.
Distribution. Coast of North Carolina (Wrightsville Beach and the neighborhood of
Wilmington, New Hanover County), southward in the immediate neighborhood of the
coast to Liberty County, Georgia; western Louisiana to southern Arkansas (Hempstead
and Clark Counties) common, and through eastern Texas to the Edwards Plateau (near
Boerne, Kendall County) ; in Orizaba. Passing into
Tilia caroliniana var. rhoophila Sarg.
Differing from the type in its pubescent branchlets and winter-buds, its usually larger
leaves, and in its tomentose corymbs of more numerous flowers. Leaves broad-ovate,
abruptly short-pointed and acuminate at apex, oblique and truncate or cordate at base,
Fig. 667
coarsely serrate with broad apiculate teeth pointing forward, dark green and lustrous on
the upper surface, pale and thickly covered on the lower surface with persistent white or
brownish pubescence, 4 '-5' long and 2|'-5' wide, with a slender midrib and primary veins
pubescent on the lower side, and small conspicuous axillary tufts of pale hairs; petioles
stout, thickly coated with pubescence, I'-lf in length; leaves on vigorous shoots often
6' long, and 5^' wide, and occasionally 10' long and 9' wide. Flowers \' long, on short
742
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
hoary-tomentose pedicels, in wide thin-branched pubescent many-flowered (sometimes
50) cymes; peduncle thickly covered with fascicled hairs, the free portion \ f long, its bract
oblong, unequally rounded at base, rounded at apex, glabrous on the upper surface, pubes-
cent on the lower surface, 4 '-6' long, l'-2' wide, usually shorter than and decurrent nearly
to the base of the peduncle; sepals acuminate, coated on the outer surface with pale or
slightly rusty pubescence, villose and furnished at base on the inner surface with tufts of
long hairs; petals lanceolate, acuminate and ciliate at apex, about a third longer than the
sepals; staminodia spatulate, acute, about half the length of the petals; style coated at
base with long white hairs. Fruit subglobose, covered with rusty tomentum, about $' in
diameter.
A tree with slender branchlets thickly coated during their first year w 7 ith pale pubes-
cence, dark red-brown or gray and puberulous during their second season. Winter-buds
covered with pale pubescence.
Distribution. Western Louisiana. (Calcasieu and Jefferson Davis Parishes) to Hemp-
stead County, Arkansas, and through eastern Texas to the valley of the upper Guadalupe
River, Kerr County.
10. Tilia texana Sarg.
Leaves thin, oblong-ovate, abruptly contracted into a long slender acuminate point, cor-
date or obliquely cordate at base, finely dentate with broad apiculate teeth, early in the
Fig. 668
season pubescent above with scattered fascicled hairs and covered below with brownish
slightly attached pubescence, and in the autumn light yellow-green, lustrous and nearly
glabrous on the upper surface, slightly pubescent on the lower surface, 4'-5|' long and
3j'-5' wide, with a slender midrib and primary veins sparingly villose on the upper side and
nearly glabrous on the lower side, and small axillary tufts of brownish hairs; petioles
slender, pubescent W 7 ith fascicled hairs, l'-l|' in length; leaves on vigorous shoots often
furnished with one or two large lateral acuminate serrate lobes, more coarsely dentate
and more thickly covered on the lower surface with pubescence, often 5^'-6' long and 3|'-6'
wide. Flowers opening the middle of June, \' long, on slender tomentose pedicels, in small
villose-pubescent mostly 7-1 0-fl owe red cymes; peduncle slender, slightly villose-pubescent,
the free portion \\'-\\' in length, its bract oblong-ovate to slightly obovate, unsymmetri-
cally cuneate at base, rounded and occasionally lobed at apex, glabrous on the upper sur-
TILIACE^E
743
face, densely pubescent early in the season, later becoming nearly glabrous on the lower
surface, 3'-6' long and f'-lj' wide, longer or shorter than the peduncle and decurrent
to its base or to within 1|' of its base; sepals ovate, acute, pale pubescent on the outer
surface, covered on the inner surface with white hairs longer and more abundant near the
base; petals lanceolate, acuminate, a third longer than the sepals; staminodia linear-lance-
olate, acuminate; style hoary-tomentose at base. Fruit ellipsoid, covered with rusty brown
tomentum, 5' long and |' broad.
A small tree w r ith slender branchlets thickly covered during their first season with close
pale pubescence, and pale and puberulous or glabrous in their second year; on vigorous
terminal branchlets often with thicker, light rusty brown pubescence. Winter-buds ovoid,
obtusely pointed, thickly covered with pale pubescence, |' long.
Distribution. Texas, Brazos and Cherokee Counties, on Spring Creek near Boerne,
Kendall County, and on the rocky banks of the Guadalupe River at Kerrville, Kerr
County.
11. Tilia phanera Sarg.
Leaves semiorbicular to broad-ovate, deeply and usually symmetrically cordate at base,
abruptly short-pointed at apex, finely dentate with straight or incurved apiculate teeth,
glabrous above when they unfold with the exception of a few hairs on the midrib and veins,
and thickly coated below with hoary tomentum, and at maturity thin, blue-green, smooth
and lustrous on the upper surface, paler and often brownish and coated with a floccose
easily detached pubescence of fascicled hairs or scabrate (var. scabrida Sarg.) on the lower
surface, 2'-4' wide and usually rather broader than long, with a slender midrib and primary
veins pubescent on the lower side, and small axillary clusters of rusty brown hairs; petioles
slender, coated when they first appear with hoary tomentum, glabrous or slightly pubescent
in the autumn, I'-l^' in length. Flowers opening the middle of June, \' long, on tomen-
tose pedicels, in compact villose mostly 16-20-flowered cymes; peduncle villose, the free
portion \\' in length, its bract obovate, cuneate at base, broad and rounded at apex, fleccose-
pubescent on the lower surface, nearly glabrous on the upper surface, 3'-3%' long and
Fig. 669
?'-!' wide, longer than the peduncle and decurrent to its base or to within \' of its base; se-
pals acuminate, pale pubescent on the outer surface, villose on the margins and furnished
at base on the inner surface with a tuft of long white hairs, broader and shorter than the
lanceolate acuminate petals; staminodia oblong-obovate, rounded at apex, style glabrous
except at the base. Fruit ripening the end of September, ellipsoid, covered with rusty
tomentum, i'-f long and \' wide, on a stout, densely floccose-pubescent pedicel.
744
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
A tree with slender light gray-brown often zigzag branchlets covered when they first
appear with fascicled hairs and deciduous during their first summer. Winter-buds ovoid,
obtusely pointed, terete, reddish brown, glabrous, \'-\ f long.
Distribution. Texas, banks of Spring Creek, near Boerne, Kendall County; the var.
scabrida on a low limestone bluff of the Blanco River, near Blanco, Blanco County, near
College Station, Brazos County, and at Velasco, Brazoria County.
12. Tilia lasioclada Sarg.
Leaves ovate, abruptly contracted at apex into a short acuminate point, oblique and
truncate or on weak branchlets, often nearly symmetric and deeply cordate at base, and
finely serrate with straight apiculate teeth, covered above when they unfold with soft cadu-
Fig. 670
cous hairs and pubescent below, and at maturity thick, bright green, smooth and lustrous
on the upper surface, pale and covered on the lower surface with a thick floccose easily
detached pubescence of fascicled hairs, pale on those of lower leaves and often rufous on
those of up*per branches, 4'-6' long and 3j'-5' wide, with a slender midrib and veins cov-
ered below with straight hairs mixed with fascicled hairs, and small conspicuous axillary
tufts; petioles covered when they first appear with straight hairs mixed with fascicled hairs,
soon glabrous, usually \\'-\\' in length, those of the leaves of weak branchlets very slen-
der and often 2'-2|' long. Flowers in May, '-$' long, on stout villose pedicels, in long-
branched mostly 10-15-flowered cymes more or less thickly covered with straight white hairs ;
peduncle covered with long white hairs, the free portion l'-l j' in length, its bract rounded
and unsymmetric or acute at base, rounded or acute at apex, the midrib more or less thickly
covered on the lower side with straight hairs, otherwise glabrous, 3^'-5' long and 1' wide,
decurrent nearly to the base or to within 1' of the base of the peduncle; sepals narrow,
acute, pubescent on the outer surface, villose on the inner surface, about one-third as long
as the lanceolate acuminate petals; staminodia spatulate, rounded and often lobed at apex,
about as long as the sepals; style slightly villose at base. Fruit ripening in September,
globose or depressed-globose, covered with rusty tomentum, about f ' in diameter.
A tree, sometimes 60 high, with a trunk 12'-24' in diameter, heavy branches forming a
broad round-topped head, and stout red-brown branchlets sometimes glabrous in early
summer and sometimes covered more or less thickly during their first and second seasons
with long straight hairs.
Distribution. Valley of the Savannah River, near Abbeville, South Carolina, to Shell
Bluff, Burke County, Georgia; River Junction, Gadsden County, Florida.
TILIACE.E
745
13. Tilia heterophylla Vent.
Leaves ovate, obliquely truncate or rarely slightly cordate at base, gradually narrowed
and acuminate at apex, finely dentate with apiculate gland-tipped teeth, pubescent above
when they unfold with caducous fascicled hairs, and at maturity dark green and glabrous
Fig. 671
on the upper surface, covered on the lower surface with thick, firmly attached, white or on
upper branches often brownish tomentum, and usually furnished with small axillary tufts
of rusty brown hairs, 3'-5' long and 2'-2f wide; petioles slender, glabrous, l|'-lf in
length. Flowers \' long, opening in early summer, on pedicels pubescent with fascicled
hairs, in wide mostly 10-20-flowered pubescent corymbs; peduncle glabrous, the free por-
tion iV~&' m length, its bract narrowed and rounded at apex, unsymmetrically cuneate at
base, pubescent on the upper surface, tomentose on the lower surface when it first appears,
becoming glabrous, 4'-6' long and I'-l^' wide, nearly sessile or decurrent to within 1|' of
the base of the peduncle: sepals acuminate, pale-pubescent on the outer surface, villose on
the inner surface and furnished at base with a tuft of long white hairs; petals lanceolate,
acuminate, a third longer than the sepals; staminodia oblong-ovate, acute, sometimes
notched at apex; style villose at base with long white hairs. Fruit ellipsoid, apiculate at
apex, covered with rusty brown tomentum, about ' long.
A large tree with slender, glabrous, reddish or yellowish brown branchlets and oblong-
ovate slightly flattened glabrous winter-buds %'-%' in length, the outer scales slightly cili-
ate at apex. '
Distribution. White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County, West Virginia; Piedmont
region of North and South Carolina and Georgia; near Tallahassee, Leon County, River
Junction, Gadsden County, and Rock Cave, Jackson County, Florida; near Selma and
Berlin, Dallas County, Alabama; Vevay, Switzerland County, and near the Ohio River,
Jefferson County, Indiana; not common. Passing into the var. amphiloba Sarg., differing
from the type in the fascicled hairs on the upper surface of the young leaves and in the often
pubescent branchlets; woods in sandy soil near River Junction, Gadsden County, Florida,
and Valley Head, DeKalb County, Alabama; and into var. nivca Sarg., differing from the
type in the white tomentum on the lower surface of the leaves, the glabrous styles, in the
tomentum on the lower side of the floral bract when the flowers open, the pubescent gray or
pale reddish brown branchlets and in the puberulous winter-buds: deep woods, River Junc-
tion, Gadsden County, Florida. More important is
746
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
Tilia heterophylla var. Michauxii Sarg.
Tilia Michauxii Nutt.
Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, acute or abruptly short-pointed at the broad apex, cor-
date, obliquely cordate, or rarely obliquely truncate at base, and coarsely serrate with
apiculate teeth, pubescent above when they unfold with caducous fascicled hairs, and
hoary-tomentose beneath, and at maturity thin, dark green and lustrous on the upper sur-
face and coated below with short white or grayish white tomentum, 3^'-6' long and 3^'-5'
wide, with a slender yellow midrib and primary veins usually without axillary tufts;
petioles slender, sparingly villose when they first appear, soon glabrous, \%'-%\' in length.
Flowers |' long, opening about the 1st of July, on slender puberulous pedicels |' in length,
in wide long-stemmed puberulous cymes; peduncle pubescent, becoming glabrous, the free
portion If '-2' in length, its bract obovoid, rounded or acute at apex, 3'-5' long and
\'-\' ,wide, decurrent to within |' f' of the base of the peduncle; sepals ovate, acumi-
nate, ciliate on the margins, puberulous on the outer surface, tomentose on the inner sur-
face, \' long, shorter than the lanceolate acuminate petals; staminodia oblong-obovoid,
rounded or emarginate at apex; style glabrous. Fruit ripening in September, subglobose,
rusty-tomentose, \'-\' in diameter.
A large tree with slender glabrous light red-brown branchlets. Winter-buds ovoid,
acute, slightly flattened, red, about \' in length. Bark of the trunk 1' thick, deeply fur-
rowed, reddish or grayish brown and covered with small thin scales.
Distribution. Pennsylvania, valley of the Susquehanna River (Lancaster County) to
Fig. 672
southern and western New York and through southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois to
northeastern Missouri (near Ilasco, Rails County), and southward through eastern Ken-
tucky and Tennessee to northeastern Mississippi, and along the Appalachian Mountains
to northern Georgia; southern Georgia (Dougherty and Decatur Counties), Dallas County,
Alabama; southwestern Missouri (Eagle Rock, Barry County), and northwestern Arkansas
(Eureka Springs, Carroll County, and Cotter, Marion County).
TILIACE^E
747
14. Tilia monticola Sarg.
Tilia heterophylla Sarg., in part, not Vent.
Leaves thin, gradually narrowed and acuminate at apex, ovate to oblong-ovate, very
oblique and truncate or obliquely cordate at base, finely serrate with straight or incurved
apiculate teeth, smooth, dark green and lustrous on the upper surface, thickly coated on
the lower surface with hoary tomentum, 4 '-7' long and 3'-5' wide; petioles slender, glabrous,
Fig. 673
l|'-3' in length. Flowers from the middle to the end of July, f '-|' long, on stout sparingly
pubescent pedicels, in mostly 7-10-flowered thin-branched glabrous cymes; peduncle
slender, glabrous, the free portion l$'-lf in length, its bract gradually narrowed and cu-
neate or rounded at base, narrowed and rounded at apex, glabrous, 4'-5|' long and '-!'
wide, decurrent to within %?'-%' of the base of the peduncle; sepals ovate, acute, ciliate
on the margins, covered on the outer surface with short pale pubescence and with silky
white hairs on the inner surface; petals lanceolate, acuminate, twice longer than the sepals;
staminodia oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the narrowed apex, as long or nearly as long as
the petals; style clothed at the base with long white hairs. Fruit ripening in September,
ovoid to ellipsoid, covered with pale rusty tomentum, \'-\' long and about |' in diameter.
A tree rarely exceeding 60 in height with a trunk 3-4j in diameter, slender branches
forming a narrow rather pyramidal head, and stout glabrous branchlets usually bright red
during their first year, becoming brown in their second season. Winter-buds compressed,
ovoid, acute or rounded at apex, light red, covered with a glaucous bloom, \'-\' long.
Bark of the trunk f ' in thickness, deeply furrowed, the surface broken into small thin light
brown scales.
Distribution. Appalachian Mountains at altitudes usually from 2500-3000, Farmer
Mountain, on New River, Connell County, Virginia, to Johnson City, Washington County.
Tennessee, and to Highlands, Macon County, North Carolina.
15. Tilia georgiana Sarg.
Leaves ovate, abruptly short-pointed at apex, slightly unsymmetric and usually cordate
on lateral branches and often oblique or truncate on leading branches at base, and finely
dentate with glandular teeth pointing forward, when they unfold deeply tinged with red,
covered above by fascicled hairs and tomentose below, when the flowers open the middle of
June dark yellow-green, dull and scabrate above and covered below with a thick coat of
tomentum, pale on those of lower branches and tinged with brown on those from the top
748
TREES OF NORTH AMERICA
of the tree, and conspicuously reticulate- venulose, and at maturity thick, dull yellow-
green, pubescent or glabrous above, rusty or pale tomentose below, sometimes becoming
Fig. 674
nearly glabrous in the autumn, 2|'-4' long and 2'-3' wide; petioles slender, tomentose,
l'-l^' in length. Flowers |'-f ' long, on slender pubescent pedicels, in compact slender-