across the disc black, the central basally confluent with a fourth
XANTHOPIMPLA.
127
concolorous one at the base ; mesopleuras sparsely and somewhat
strongly punctate anteriorly and below, with the sulci and
intumescence distinct ; metanotum with an elongate black spot
in the external arese ; areola small and subquadrate, strongly con-
stricted basally, where it is but half the breadth of the apex ;
dentiparal are triangular, anteriorly double their external length.
Scutellum transverse, conical and vertically rounded. Abdomen
diffusely and not strongly punctate, flavous, with two spots in the
centre of each of the six basal segments, and a laterally abbreviated
basal fascia on the seventh and eighth, black ; basal segment half
as long again as apically broad, with the carinae extending beyond
its centre. Legs flavous, with an elongate mark on either side of
the hind femora near their apices, the base of their tibiae, and the
first and last joints of the posterior tarsi, black. Wings distinctly
infumate-hyaline, with the apical margin obscurely darker ;
nervures and stigma infuscate ; costa and half the tegular flavous,
the latter partly black.
Length 14 millim.
ASSAM : Khasi Hills.
Krieger had seen but a single male of this species, which is
unknown to me.
74. Xanthopimpla appendicularis, Cam.
Pimpla appendimlaris, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 160 ($).
?Pimpla punctata, var. 2, Vollenhoven, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1879,
p.l43(c?).
$ . Flavous ; small mesonotal marks, and apices of the hind
tibia3, black ; wings fulvo-hyaline, with the stigma infuscate red
and the nervures infuscate. " Head yellow, except the ocellar
region, which is black ; face closely punctured ; the clypeus
smooth on the obliquely
depressed apex, the base
obscurely punctured. An-
tennae longer than the
body, black ; the scape
yellow, the base of the
flagellum brownish be-
neath at the base. Meso-
notum closely punctured
at the base ; the raised
central part at the base
bordered by distinct fur-
rows ; at the base of the
tegula there is a mark,
T- 27. broader than long, fol-
Xanthopimpla appendicularis, Cam. lowed in the middle by
a narrower and longer
one, the whole forming an almost continuous line ; median
segment [inetathorax] smooth ; the base between the keels
128 1CHNEFMONIDJ3.
narrowly black ; the black continued along the inner side of the
lateral keel, becoming gradually wider to the base behind, and
slightly extending beyond the outer side of the keel ; the middle
keel broadly curved and united to the apex of the segment by a
lateral one ; pleurae smooth, shining. The basal depression of the
scutellum black ; the keel to the middle large and leaf-like, on
the apical half much smaller ; the scutellum sparsely covered with
long, black hair. The petiole broadly, but not deeply, depressed
at the base ; its sides stoutly carinate ; the keels continued down
the apical part to the raised middle of the apex, the part between
being depressed, broadly at the base, narrowly at the apex ; the
second segment black at the base, the black bifurcating to the
furrow at the sides ; there is a broad, continuous, transverse line
on the centre of the third, a line about three times as long as it
is broad on the sides of the fourth, a continuous line on the fifth,
a short mark in the centre on either side of the sixth, and an
almost complete one across the seventh segment, black ; terebra
5 uiillini., the sheaths of the ovipositor black. Legs coloured like
the thorax ; the basal joint of the hinder trochanters on the
underside, a large mark on the underside of the hinder femora in
the middle, the apex of the tibiae and the apical two joints of the
hinder tarsi, black. Wings with a distinct fulvous-smoky tinge ;
the costa rufo-testaceous ; the stigma rufo-fuscous ; the nervures
fuscous ; areolet shortly, but distinctly, appendiculated, triangular ;
the recurrent nervure received in the apical third.
'"'Length 15 millim."
ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).
Type in the Oxford Aluseum.
This species appears to be related to Van Volleuhoven's variety
in its petiolate areolet ; but all the legs of the latter are flavous
throughout, and the abdominal spots are small ; it was captured
at Ambarawa, in Java.
75. Xanthopimpla kriegeriana, Cam.
Xanthopimpla kriegeriana, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. '1908.
p.38($).
$ . Flavous. Head smooth, with the ocellar region triangularly
black, face densely and clypeus less denselv white-pilose. Thorax
smooth ; mesonotum with three large apical marks, of which the
lateral are irregularly oval, and the central larger and broader
than long ; notauli slender and indicated only on the apical slope;
metanotum with the basal lateral areae black, large, and pentagonal,
internally elongate and roundly curved, externally with the basal
half almost straight and the apical obliquely sloped to the lateral
carina, where it forms a sharp angle with the inner one ; all the
other area; wanting. Abdomen : basal segment, with two black
marks, less than one-fourth longer than apically broad, with its
basal impression laterally carinate ; the remaining segments broader
than long, the second and apical smooth, remainder closely and
XANIHOPIMPLA. 129
distinctly punctate ; the second to sixth transversely impressed
before their apices ; the third, fifth, and seventh segments with
two larger and broader marks than those of the first ; all these
black marks are broader than long, the first pair are internally
obliquely constricted, the second irregular and narrowed internally,
the third not strongly constricted at their apices, and the fourth
subparallel-sided ; terebra 1-5 millim., or slightly shorter than the
hind tarsi. Legs : base of the hind trochauters and of their tibiae
black. Wings hyaline, with their apices slightly clouded ; stigma
and nervures black ; areolet broad, shortly petiolate, and emitting
the recurrent nervure before its centre.
Length 10 millim.
SlKKIM (Binghani).
Unknown to me.
76. Xanthopimpla sexlineata, Cam.
Xanthopimpla sexlineata, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 103 ( 3 ).
J. A luteous species, with black markings and the basal
segment immaculate. Head with the face longer than broad and
closely punctate ; ocellar region triangularly black ; occiput
immaculate luteous. Antennce black, with the scape luteous
beneath and the flagellum basally piceous. Thorax with notauli
extending to the centre of the obsoletely punctate mesonotum
and all the pleurae smooth ; mesonotum with a broad irregular
band between the radices, a shorter and more slender one before
the scutellum, and a large irregular mark in the centre of each of
the basal external metathoracic areae, black ; areola wanting ;
basal external arese alone entire, twice as broad externally as
internally, with the external apical angles spinosely produced,
find the cariuse extending halfway down the sides. Abdomen
luteous, with the second to seventh segments each with a broad
irregular basal transverse black line; basal segment about half
as long again as broad, glabrous, with its apex centrally strongly
punctate ; remainder closely punctate, becoming gradually smoother
towards the anus. Legs luteous ; hind ones with the base of the
tibia9 and of the fifth tarsal joint narrowly black, apex of the
latter much more broadly black. Wings hyaline, with their apices
hardly infumate ; stigma and nervures black ; areolet small and
shortly but distinctly petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure
from its centre.
Length 14 millim.
SIKKIM (Bingharn).
Unknown to me.
77. Xanthopimpla taprobanica, Cam.
Xanthopimpla taprobanica, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905,
p. 135($).
$ . A pale flavous species, with black markings. Head with
130 ICHNEUMON 1DJE.
.the face rugosely, and the base of the clypeus sparsely, punctate ;
ocellar region triangularly black; occiput immaculate flavous.
Thorax with the notauli extending to shortly beyond the centre
of the smooth and impunc-
tate mesonotum ; all pleurae
im punctate ; a broad and
irregularly trilobate band
across the base of the meso-
notum between the radices,
a large basally curved trans-
verse mark extending to the
scutellar fovea, and a broad
and centrally constricted
basal metanotal band, black ;
metathorax with the areola
large, basally incomplete,
ig. 28.Aanthopimpla taprobanica, Cam. apically truncate, longer than
broad, and laterally angled
sightly beyond its centre ; external areae laterally roundly curved
and externally broader ; " the second large, broad, oblique, of equal
width throughout ; the apical lateral area triangular ; the apex on
the outer side, the upper angle longer than the lower/' Scutellum
roundly convex, with its lateral carina? not very stout. Abdomen
flavous, with the black markings thus : first segment with two
large oblique central marks which are dilated in the centre at the
base ; second with a small oblique mark which is obliquely con-
stricted basally and apically ; third with a large broad band which
is irregularly constricted laterally and slightly incised at both
base and apex ; fourth immaculate ; fifth with two large broad
bands which are externally rounded ; penultimate with a broad
band on its basal half ; apical with two marks. Basal segment
distinctly longer than apically broad, smooth, with only some
central punctures ; second to fourth segments closely and strongly
punctate, with crenulate incisions ; terebra as long as the hind
tarsi or one-fifth of the body (2 millim.). Leys flavous, with the
apex of the intermediate femora and the base of their tarsi, most
of the hind trochanters, a broad band on the lower part and
extreme apices of their femora, base of their tibia?, and their tarsi
almost entirely, black. Wings hyaline, with their apices infumate ;
tegula? black-marked ; areolet small, oblique, triangular, and
shortly petiolate.
Length 10 millim.
CBYLON : Kandy (1 E. Green).
I have examined a female, now in the Oxford Museum, which
was captured in Ceylon by Thwaites in 1872. In Prof. Krieger's
work on the genus Xanthopimpla (Bericht. d. Xaturf. Ges. zu
Leipzig^ 1899, p. 69) this species is said to be most closely allied
+o his A. splendens.
XANTHOPIMPLA. 131
78. Xanthopimpla sikkimensis, Cam.
Xanthopimpla sikkimensis, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 100 ($).
c? $ . A luteous species, with black markings and the second
segment immaculate. Head with the face closely and strongly,
clypeus much more sparsely, punctate ; ocellar region with an
elongate triangular black patch from the centre of the frons,
which is continuous with a larger semicircular occipital black
mark. Antenna; black, with the scape centrally flavous, and the
flagellum basally piceous, beneath. Thorax smooth, with the
notauli only apically distinct and the mesopleurae obsoletely
punctate ; mesonotum with a broad transverse apical band which
has its apex roundly trilobate, with the lobes of equal size, and
a large semicircular mark which covers the base and touches the
seutellurn ; metanotum with a basal transverse band which is
centrally constricted, black. Areola large and hexagonal ; basal
external areas large, parallel-sided, and apically rounded ; denti-
paral areas quadrangular and externally widened. Abdomen
luteous, with black markings thus: first segment with two
irregular apical marks, which are apically united by a slender
and irregular transverse band ; third with a broad transverse line
on the basal half, which is rounded and slightly constricted
basally in the centre and is apically transverse ; fourth with two
broad lines, which are basally rounded and apically transverse ;
fifth with two slightly shorter lines, which are further apart than
those on the fourth and are transverse at both base and apex ;
sixth with small basal lateral spots ; seventh with a broad trans-
verse basal line. Basal segments about one-fourth longer than
broad, the remainder transverse, with the central ones weakly
punctate; incisions, and especially the central, superficial and
weakly crenulate ; terebra distinctly longer than the four basal
joints of the hind tarsi or one-fifth of the body (2 millim.). Legs
luteous ; hind ones with the basal joint of the trochanters, two
somewhat elongate oval lines on the inner and outer half of the
femora (of which the inner is the larger), a narrow line at their
apex, a slightly larger one on the tibiae, and the apices of the
tarsi, black. Wings hyaline, with their apices narrowly inf umate ;
areolet shortly petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure very
slightly beyond its centre.
Length 10 millim.
SIKKIM (Bingham).
The size of the black markings in the $ is said to be of variable
extent, and sometimes the intermediate tibiae are also externally
black-marked.
The female was described from material collected by Col. Bing
ham in the Himalayas of Sikkim. There is in the Calcutta
Museum a specimen, which I here place as the male of this
species with some confidence, since it differs from the description
of the female in little but its immaculate fourth and sixth seg-
ments ; it is labelled " Kankondigee, 24 Perghs. Sunderbuns,
15th November 1909 : J. T. Jenkins."
132
79. Xanthopimpla minuta, Cam.
Xanthopimpla minuta, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 137 ($).
$ . A flavous species, with the second segment immaculate.
Head with the face minutely punctate ; ocellar region triangularly
black. Antennae distinctly longer than the body, with the scape
mainly flavous, and the flagellum piceous, beneath. Thorax
smooth and shining, with the mesonotum discally immaculate, its
base transverse and the notauli distinct, with the central lobe
clearly discrete. Metathorax with the basal external areae clearly-
defined, broader than long, broad on the outer and becoming
gradually constricted acuminately on the inner side ; areola
wanting, lateral carinae distinct. Scutellum with the basal fovea
black. Abdomen closely punctate, with distinct and striate in-
cisions ; apical half of the basal segment elevated, clearly discrete,
smooth, parallel-sided, and twice as long as broad. Two marks
on basal segment, a transverse line on third, two closely approxi-
mate marks on fourth, two more broadly separated on fifth, two
further apart on sixth, and a line on seventh, black : terebra
short. Leys flavous, with the hind tibiae basally black-marked.
Wings hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black.
Length 5 millim.
CEYLON : Kandy (E. E. Green).
This species is said by its author (Zoc. cit.) to be easily dis-
tinguished from X. parva, which I suspect of being its alternate
sex, " by the distinct parapsidal furrows and by the mesonotum
being transverse, not rounded, at its base " (? apex).
80. Xanthopimpla parva, Cam.
Xanthopimpla parva, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 136 (<$).
<S $ . A small pale flavous species, with the second segment
immaculate. Head with the face closely punctate ; ocellar region
triangularly black. Thorax impunctate, with the notauli only
indicated apically ; an irregular transverse basal band on the
mesonotum, a mark at the base of the scutellum, two basal
metanotal marks narrowed from the outer to the inner side,
black ; base of tnesonotum rounded ; metathorax with the basal
external areae large, semicircular, and enclosing the dark marks.
Abdomen closely punctate, with the two basal segments smooth ;
first, third, and following segments with black marks, broader
than long ; incisions striate. Legs flavous ; hind ones with two
small marks on the trochanters, one at the base of the tibiae, and
a smaller one at the base of the tarsi, black. Winc/s clear hyaline,
with the apices but slightly infumate ; nervures nigrescent.'
Length 6 millim.
XANTIIOPI1MPLA.
133
The female is in every way analogous and hardly larger ; the
mesonotal fascia is discal, and the scutellum is not preceded by a
black mark ; the fourth abdominal segment is immaculate ; the
notauli are sufficiently distinct apically, though very short ; and
the terebra is as long as the basal segment.
CEYLON : Peradeniya, Haragama, Kandy (E. E. Green).
81. Xanthopimpla binghami, Cam.
Xanthopimpla binghami, Cameron,* Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1908, p. 39
($,as o')-
$ . Flavous. Head with the ocellar region triangularly black ;
face densely white- pilose and closely, but not strongly, punctate ;
frons and vertex smooth and glabrous. Antennae with the flagellum
piceous beneath and black above. Thorax glabrous ; mesonotum
with a broad and somewhat irregular black band between the
tegulse, which it does not quite reach ; notauli deeply impressed ;
metanotum laterally cari-
nate, with the lateral basal
area} black, broader than
long, with the sides slightly
oblique and the inner the
longer, apically contracted
to a rounded point ; all
other arese wanting. Abdo-
men glabrous and nitidulous
to the transverse impression
of the second segment,
thence closely and distinctly
but not very strongly punc-
tate, the segments broader
than long and the apical
impressions on the second
to fifth distinct, curved, and trans-striate ; basal segment hardly
one-fourth longer than broad, though longer than the next, with
two irregular transverse black marks ; second segment longer
than apically broad; third basally impressed, with a broad
and irregular transverse black band in the centre; fifth with
two broad transverse marks, and the seventh with a narrow
transverse basal band, black ; terebra one-seventh the length of
the body. Legs flavous, with a short black line at the base of the
hind tibiae, each of whose apices bears three pairs of bright red
spines. Wings hyaline and apically slightly clouded ; stigma and
nervures black ; areolet shortly petiolate, emitting the recurrent
nervure from its centre.
Length 7 millim.
SIKKIM. (BingTiam).
Type in the British Museum.
Fig.'29. Xanthopimpla binghami, Cam.
134
A mutilated specimen, without abdomen, in the Calcutta
Museum, differs from the type of this species only in having the
scutellar fovea also black ; it was taken by Annandale at Kulattu-
puzha, west base of Western Ghats, Travancore, 19th November,
1908.
82. Xanthopimpla cera, Oam.
Xanthopimpla cera, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1908, p. 38 ( $ ).
<J> . Flavous. Bead smooth and shining, with the ocellar region
triangularly black ; face and clypeus white-pilose. Thorax smooth
and shining ; mesonotum with a broad and laterally dilated line
between the tegulae; notauli slender and indicated only on the
apical slope ; metanotum laterally carinate, from the apex of its
upper third a carina runs obliquely to near the inner angle of the
basal lateral areffi, which are not quite entirely black, their inner
carina forming two oblique slopes, of which the inner is the shorter
and more rounded, being neither so straight nor so oblique.
Abdomen closely punctate from the base of the third segment and
more finely towards its apex, with an apical transverse impression
on segments two to six ; basal segment with two black and ex-
ternally dilated spots ; third with two broad, transverse black
marks ; fifth with two longer and narrower transverse marks ;
seventh with two yet narrower and subcoalescent ones ; terehra
1*5 millim., or slightly shorter than the hind tarsi. Legs with Ihe
apices of the hind femora black. Wings hyaline with nervures
and stigma black.
Length 9 millim.
SIKKIM (Bingham).
Cameron tells us (/. c.) that " this species is closely related to
X. binghami ; it is larger, has all the marks on the abdomen
separated, those on the first segment are distinctly narrowed on
the inner side, not dilated there ; the inner keel of the lateral
areae forms a broad, rounded curve, without angle, it being also
wider compared with the width [sic], and there is an area, open on
the inner side, which does not exist in X. binghami" How far
these points will prove constant one does not yet know. The
species is unknown to me.
83. Xanthopimpla honorata, Cam.
Pimpla honorata, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 170 ( <j>).
$ . " Head smooth, shining, the face thickly covered with short
white hair ; the clypeal foveae deep, large ; the mandibles black ;
the palpi pale dirty yellow. Antennae nearly as long as the body,
stout, not tapering much towards the apex, closely covered with
short pubescence, dull rufous, darker towards the apex. Thorax
XANTHOPIMPLA. 135-
smooth and shining ; the mesonotum and scutellum dull olive ;-
the former with three large, almost united, marks between the
tegulae, keeled down the sides and round the apex ; median seg-
ment [metathorax] with a gradually rounded slope, impunctate,,
glabrous ; at its base are two large arese, one on either side ; they
are broader than they tire long, and triangularly narrowed at the-
apex ; from its centre a curved keel runs to the apex of the seg-
ment, its apical part being thicker than the basal ; before its
middle, on the inner side, and joined to it, is a short, oblique keel ;
pleurae smooth and shining, glabrous ; the metapleurae with a
curved keel above and below ; the tubercles are distinct. The
scutellum, rounded from the base to the apex, not much raised
above the mesonotum, but its apex considerably so above thepost-
scutellum, which is depressed laterally at the base ; the lateral
depressions large. [Abdomen] : the lirst, third, and fifth segments-
are broadly marked with black in or near the middle, the mark on-
the fifth being interrupted ; the base of the petiole largely de-
pressed ; the inner side of the depression carinate, the keels being,
continued into the apical part to near the end of the segment ; on
the apical third is a transverse row of deep punctures ; the second
to fifth segments are closely punctured ; the transverse depressions-
are longitudinally striated ; terebra 1 mm. Legs stout ; the anterior
olive-coloured, as are also the middle coxae ; the hinder knees are
black, the tarsi are infuscated. Wings hyaline, the stigma blackish,
the nervures paler ; the areolet is shortly appeudiculated ; the
recurrent nervure is received in the middle.
" Length 8 mm.
" The colour of the abdomen and legs is doubtful, as the ferru-
ginous tint of the abdomen and legs may be caused by chemical
discoloration ; but structurally it is distinct from any of the yellow
species. The scutellum is more distinctly keeled at the apex than
in the yellow species, the apical and the lateral keels being
continuous."
ASSA.M : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey}.
Type in the Oxford Museum.
84. Xanthopimpla khasiana, Cam.
Pimpla khasiana, Cameron,* Manch. Mem, 1899, p. 168 ( 2 )
2 . A fulvous species with black markings and the wings
apically infumate. " Head with the face thickly covered with
white hair ; the ocellar region and a wider mark, rounded above,
in the centre of the front, black ; face coarsely punctured ; the
sides stoutly keeled near the eyes ; the clypeus obscurely punctured ;
the depressed apex almost smooth ; mandibles obscurely punctured
at the base, covered with white, intermixed with fulvous, hair ; the
teeth black, piceous behind ; the palpi fulvous, covered with short
136
hair. Antennae black ; the scape yellowish beneath ; the base of
the flagellum brownish. Mesonolum shining, impunctate ; in the
middle is a large, black mark, extending from near the base to the
apex ; its apex almost transverse, but slightly incised in the middle ;
beyond its middle the mark becomes narrowed gradually but dis-
tinctly, then becomes dilated into a triangle, which at its apex, is
slightly wider than the widest part of the basal portion ; the
lateral marks are slightly wider than the central ; they are as long
as the basal part of the central mark ; slightly dilated in the
middle on the outer side, and oblique at the apex ; median seg-
ment [metathorax] smooth; the central basal area almost square ;
from its centre and apex two stout keels run to the sides where
they unite with a longitudinal keel, thus forming two lateral areae
on each side ; pleurse very smooth and shining ; on the raeta-
pleurae is a curved keel in the middle. Scutellum pyramidal ; the
Fig. 3Q.Xanthopimpla khasiana, Cam.
top with a short, transverse keel-like projection ; the lateral keels
large, leaf-like and of nearly equal height throughout ; the post-
scutellum with the sides bluntly keeled. The first and second
segments of the abdomen are smooth and shining ; the keel on
the sides of the petiole extends to the middle to the base of the
black dot ; the transverse, curved furrow on the second segment
is longitudinally striated ; those on the other segments are also