Length 13 millim.

KASHMIR (Dr. Stolicz/ca).



OPHION. 371

The rough figure in Waterhouse's 'Aid' shows the occiput
truncate, the head subbuccate and laterally subparallel behind the
eyes ; no pale markings are, however, indicated ; the " white "
scutellum is ochreous, and the three discal mesonotal vittae
entire and infuscate ; the terebra is not exhibited and the wings
are very ample.

This species appears to differ from 0. quettaensis in little but
its distinctive coloration.

267. OpMon quettaensis, Cam.

Opliion quettaensis, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1906, p. 275.

5 . A somewhat small, testaceous and nitidulous species, with
flavous markings. Head entirely stramineous, subbuccate and
posteriorly as broad and as long as the ey^s, from which the
black ocelli are remote ; cheeks somewhat short. Antennce not
longer than the body. Thorax : mesonotum laterally and discally
flavescent; metanotum strongly infuscate apically, with a very
strong anterior and obsolete posterior transverse carina, but no
longitudinal carinaa. Scutellum not laterally carinate. Abdomen
testaceous, with the sides of the dorsal segments below, and the
basal half of the first segment, flavescent ; anus not int'uscate ;
basal segment slightly but distinctly constricted a little beyond
its centre ; thyridii of second hardly impressed, its spiracles not
prominent, but the sides strongly margined throughout. Legs
with the tarsal claws nearly straight and elongately pectinate.
Wings with the stigma flavescent and the nervures black ; nervelet
short ; basal nervure not continuous through the median, and the
nervellus intercepted at its centre.

Length 12 mi Hi in.

BALUCHISTAN: Quetta, iv. 02 (Col. Nurse).

Tt/pe in Col. Nurse's collection.

At once recognised from all other species of this genus by the
peculiarly broad vertex (not noted by Cameron), which is almost
broader and no narrower longitudinally than the eyes, viewed
from above; the internal cubital nervure is a little curved before
the nervelet and its apical abscissa, beyond the recurrent nervure,
is as long as the submarginal.

I have taken the above description from the type, which
Cameron erroneously records from Peshin.

268. Ophion generator, F.

Ophion generator, Fabricius, Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 135 ; Olivier,

Encycl. M6tli., Ins. viii, 1811, p. 513.
Ichneumon r/enerator, Thunberg-, Me"m. Ac. Sc. P^tersb. 1822,

&259 ; id., M4m. Ac. Sc. Petersb. 1824, p. 307 ; cf. Vallot,
eni. Ac. Sc. Dijon, 1836, p. 244.

" Ophion flavus antennis nigris, alis hyalinis immaculatis. . . .

2B 2



372 ICHNEDMOSL1WE.

Reliquis minor. Caput totum flavum nntennis solis nigris. Ahr
totae hyalinae. Abdomen breve, trum-atum." (Fabricius.)

Olivier (loc. cit.) simply copies the short diagnosis of Fabricius,
given above, adding only that the species is smaller than Ophion
pennator, F. ; that the antennae are black ; the head and remaitider
of the body flavous ; the abdomen short and truncate ; the wings
entirely transparent : and that it is found in the " East Indies."
To this Thunberg adds nothing. It is certainly not an OpJiion in
the present acceptation of the genus ; possibly it is to be sought
among the POBI/ONIDES.

"Habitat in India oriental]'. Dom. Daldorff, Mus. dom. do
Sehestedt." Fab.

" Bred from Noctua pcrttatria by Vallot." Dcitta Torrt.



OpMon trianqularemacnlatus, Motschulskv, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou,
1863, p. 80 ( rf et ? $ ).



209. Option trir ngularemaculatus, Mots.

Ophion triatigularetnacidatus, Motschulsl
1863, p. 80 ( rf et ? $ ).

A slender, narrow^ and shining species. Head subdeplanate,
strongly nitidulous and black, with the eyes large, convex and
iufuscate; ocelli very distinct. Antenna? blackish, basally pale
testaceous and a little shorter than the body, with the basal joint
ovately inflated and the second very short, subtrausverse. Thorax
black, elongate, attenuate and narrower than the head : megonotum
subglobose, glabrous and longitudinally impressed obliquely on
either side ; metanotum obtuse. Abdomen subparallel-sided, black,
with a triangular pale testaceous discal mark on each of the three
central segments ; basal segment elongate, subclaviform ; anus
compressed and hardly dilated. Legs pale testaceous, with the
hind tibia? infuscate, their tarsi black, and their femora sub-
incrassate. Wings with stigma and nervures black.

Length 4 mi Him.

CEILOS : Nuwara Eliya and Mt. Patannas (Motschulsl-y').

Its author adds that the breadth of the head is a third of
a line ; and indicates what he considers may be the female,
differing in having the apices only of the abdominal segments
with testaceous margins. It is certainly not here placed in its
correct genus, which is impossible of determination from the
inadequate description.

Genus PLEURONEUEOPHION, Aslun.
PlfurmeurojMon, Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 86.

Labrum of normal length ; ocelli not small. Internal cubital
nervure sharply' geniculate ; nervelet distinct ; first cubital cell
with no corneous marks ; radius incrassate, and not bisinuate,



PLBUKOXEUROPHTOX. ALLOCA MPTUS. 373

basally ; basal nervure not continuous through median ; nervellus
intercepted far below its centre.

Range. Hawaii, Ceylon.

This genus was founded upon a MS. species from Hawaii ;
the following is the only one ever published as appertaining to it,
and even here certain discrepancies lend some doubt as to whether
it really belongs to the genus.

Respecting the Indian species, Cameron says (Spol. Zeyl. 1905,
p. 121): "Except that there can hardly be said to be a stump
of a nervure on- the disco-cubital nervure, this species fits into
Pleuroneurophion. It has the thickened base of the radius of that
genus and of Enicospilus, but it wants the horny points found
always in the latter genus."

270. Pleuroneurophion erythrocerus, Cam.

Pleuroneurophion erythrocerus, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905,
p.!21($).

2 . Head pale flavous, with the ocellar region not black.
Antennas subrufescent. Thorax pale testaceous, with the meso-
notum subrufescent ; pro- and meso-thorax closely punctate, with
the proplenrae obscurely striate ; metanotum with broadly rounded
stria3, except at its glabrous base, where the impression bears two
stout and several indistinct striae ; metapleural carina3 broad,
slightly reflexed centrally, and rounded at both base and apex.
Aldomen, except basally, rufescent- testaceous, becoming darker
apically. Legs testaceous, with the anterior pairs paler. Wings
hyaline, with the stigma testaceous arid the nervures blackish;
disco-cubital nervure centrally thickened and elongately fenestrate,
its basal abscissa slightly rounded downwards at the apex, and the
apical abscissa slightly but distinctly longer than the basal abscissa
of the cubital, which is a little shorter than the recurrent nervure ;
nervelet subobsolete ; radial nervure basally thickened ; glabrous
area wanting ; basal nervure not continuous through median ;
nervellus intercepted far below its centre.

Length 14-15 tnillim.

CEYLON : Peradeniya (E. E. Green).

Unknown to me.



Genus ALLOCAMPTUS, Thorns.

Allocamptus, Thomson (nee Fb'rst.), Opusc. Eut. xii, 1888, p. 1186.
Cymatoneura, Kriechbaumer, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1901, p. 2:?.

GENOTYPE, Ophion undulatus, Grav.

This genus is closely allied to Henicospilus and has the base of
the radial nervure similarly thickened, but the very obvious
glabrous alar area is destitute of corneous marks, with the result
that it has but quite recently been accorded generic rank apart



374

from Ophion. From the latter it is at once known by the
very strongly bisinuate base of the radius, elongately antefuroal
nervulus and nervellus, the traces of areae on the mesopleunu,
apically bro;idly subexcava^e metanotum, which is transversely
strigose ; the mesosternum is granulosely punctate, apically
immarginate, with a fovea below the punctate speculum.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Nervelet wanting ; metanotal striao strong .... simiatus, Mori.

2 (1) Nervelet distinct ; metanotal striae weak ...... inflexus, Mori.

271. Allocamptus sinuatus, Mori.

Pktironettrophion malayanus, Cameron, Journ. Str. Br. R. Asiat.

Soc. 1905, p. 122, $ (nee Cameron, op. cit. 1902, p. 50).
Allocamptus sinuatus, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 24
1



c? $ . A large testaceous species, with only marks at base
of front wings behind tegulse black, and in $ the third segment,

with anus, indeterminately
blackish. Head very narrow
behind the eyes. Antennae
25 millim. in length. Thorax:
metathorax distinctly but not
very strongly trans-striate,
with the striae laterally all
equally strong. Scutellum
margined to near its apex.
Wings with a distinct gla-
brous area in the first cubital
cell, the base of the radial
dark, strongly bisinuate and
the costa of both wings,
together usually with the
Fig. 104. Allocamplm simiatus, Mori, stigma, black.

Lenf/th 25-30 millim.

PUNJAB: Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., vii. 99 (G. C. Dudgeon);
BENGAL: Calcutta, iii.94 (Ind. Mus.); ASSAM: Sadiya (Col.
Godwin- Austen) ; BURMA: Moulmein, 1843 (Archdeacon Cleric},
Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft. (L. Fea}- CEYLON: Pattipola, ii.09
(0. S. WicTcivar)^ Namunakule, 6600ft., ii. 10, and Peradeniya,
iii. 10 (E. E. Green).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species is very like A. undulalus, Grav., but is larger and
paler, with the antennae and two basal segments longer and
distinctly more slender, the stigma narrower and nearly always
darker, emitting the radius more obliquely and less directly ; the
internal cubital nervure is geniculate a* little before and not
distinctly beyond its centre, as in the latter species, which has its




ALLOCA.MPTUS. STAUKOPODOCTONUS. 375

basal half less sinuate and two especially prominent lateral meta-
thoracic carinaB.

The type was captured by Thwaites in Ceylon in 1873.
A female was bred in the Calcutta Museum from the larva
of a moth, Trabala vishnu, found on a castor-oil tree in that
city; it emerged from its host on 26th March, 1894.



272. Allocamptus inflexus, sp. n.

c? $ . A large, pale testaceous species, the only black marks being
at the base of the front wings behind the tegulse. Head narrow
behind eyes. Thorax with the metathorax finely and not very
distinctly traus-striate, with the stria3 laterally all equally strong.
Scutellum margined. Wings with a distinct glabrous area in first
cubital cell, the base of the radial nervure testaceous, strongly
Insinuate, and the costa and stigma testaceous.

Length, $ 27 millim. ; tf 17 millim.

CENTRAL INDIA (Hearsey, type) ; CEYLON : Kandy, vi. and vii. 09
(E. E. Green).

Type $ in the Oxford Museum.

This species differs from A. slnuatus in its shorter and stouter
basal segment, more finely striate metathorax, distinct nervelet,
much shorter first discoidal cell, testaceous costa and stigma, with
the latter much broader and emitting the concolorous radius less
obliquelv and more directly. It is extremely like A. undulatas,
Grav., but I am able to distinguish it by the posteriorly very much
more narrowed head, the less basal ly sinuate and testaceous radial
nervure and the distinct nervelet, which is emitted from the
geniculate centre of the first cubital nervure, whereas in the latter
species it is geniculate, with no nervelet distinctly beyond the
centre ; the angle at which the stigma emits the radius and the
conformation of the basal segment is the same in both.

The male differs from the female in nothing but its much smaller
size and more slender conformation ; it closely resembles Henico-
spilus flavicaput.



Genus STAUROPODOCTONUS, Braum (emend.).

Stauropoctonus, Brauns, Arch. Nat. Meckl. 1889, p. 93; Morley,

Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 16.
Spilophion, Cameron, Spol. Zeyl. 1905, p. 124.

GENOTYPE, Ophion bombycivorus, Grav.

Clypeus apically transverse ; labrura prominent, apically roundly
constricted and often longer than half the clypeus. Abdomen
strongly compressed and more than double the length of the head
and thorax. Transverse cubital nervure angled shortly but dis-
tinctly below the centre; disco-cubital nervure roundly and
broadly curved, rising before the discoidal nervure ; nervelet



376 ICHNEUMON IDJE.

wanting ; basal nervure continuous through the median ; base of
radius thickened ; glabrous area distinct, but often immaculate.

Ran'ie. Europe, Khodesia, Ceylon, South India, Panama.

Cameron points out that his genus is allied to Pleuroneurophion
and Uenicos/nlus in the basally thickened radial nervure, though
differing from the former in the continuous basal nervure and
broadly rounded disco-cubital nervure, and from the latter in the
(occasional) absence of corneous marks in the glabrous alar area
and in the nervellus being intercepted (occasionally) above the
centre. The somewhat uncommon fyihion bombycivorus, Grav., is
the tvpical species and has been repeatedly bred from the Lobster
Moth, Stauropus fayi, L., in Britain and Germany. The presence
of an infutnafe spot, considered characteristic of the genus bv
Cameron, cannot exclude the Following species from Prof. Sigismund
Brauns' genus (in Opusc. Ichn., they are separated sol ly on the
comparative length of the labrum), the composition of which has
been corrected by Kriechbaumer (Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1901, p. 22).



Table of Species.

1 (2) Nervellus geniculate above centre ; stigma

black orientalis, Mori.

2 (1) Nervellus geniculate below centre : stigma

stramineous biumbratus, Mori.



273. Stanropodoctonns orientalis, Mori.

Spilophion macuiiptnnis, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 125,
pi. B, fig. 13 ( $ ) (nee Biolog. Centr.-Amer. 1886, p. 292).

Stauropodoctoims orientalis, Morlev, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912,
p. 18.

c? $ . An ochraceous species, broadly marked with black and
flavcus. Head glabrous and nitidulous, testaceous, with the face,
mouth and orbits flavous. Antenna testaceous red. Thorax with
three large and narrowly separated mesonotal vittae, apex of meta-
notum, a large and basally obliquely constricted mark on the basal
half of the mesopleurae, and a large suboval mark on the meta-
peurae, black ; pro- and meso-thorax impunctate : metanotum
glabrous before the transverse carina ; the base depressed, some-
times with two stout discal carinae ; the disc beyond the trans-
verse carina with three or four longitudinal carinae; the petiolar
area strongly regularly trans-sti-iate, its sides obliquely and
strongly striate, with the stria) clearly separated ; the apical
.slope is somewhat widely and irregularly striate ; pleurae smooth
and nitidulous. Scuteflum laterally carinate to near ite apex.
Abdomen testaceous, with the third segment discally, and most of
the fifth and sixth, black. Wings hyaline, with the radial cell
] in sally infumate ; stigma and nervures black, with the former



STAUROPOUOCTOXUS. 377

basally pale ; glabrous area present, but with no corneous marks ;
basal abscissa of radius basally thickened ; disco-cubital nervure




Fig. 105. Stauropodoctonus orientalis, Mori.

roundly curved downwards, its apex broadly and roundly curved
upwards.

Length 15-20 millim.

BOMBAY : Bombay (R. R. Holmes) CEYLON : Peradeniya (E. E.
Green, type) ; FORMOSA (A. E. Wilemcui).

Type in the British Museum.

The examples that I have seen exactly agree with Cameron's
description in every way, excepting in having the labrum no
longer than half the clypeus and the nervellus intercepted at its
centre.*

No doubt can remain that this species is congeneric with
S. bombycivorus, Grav., from which it differs in its basallv infurnate
radial and subapically infumate first cubital cells, in the basally
much more strongly inflexed internal cubital nervure, in having
the nervellus more strongly postfurcal and intercepted a little
lower, the radial nervure of the hind wing much more strongly
sinuate basally, with its recurrent nervure appreciably nearer the
apex of the wing ; the scutellum and rnetanotum are less rugulose,
and the former laterally carinate nearly to its apex ; the eyes are
equally euiarginate, and the ocelli large, in both species.

274. Stauropodoctonus biumbratus, Mori. (Plate I, fig. 10.)

Stauropodoctonus biumbralus, Morlev, Eevis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912,
p. 18 (d$>

c? $ . An ochraceous species, broadly marked with black and



* Cameron's description exaggerates these two points, which are identical in
all the specimens (including the type) that I have examined.



378 ICHXEUMOXIDJE.

tlavous ; wings with two inf uinate fasciae and corneous marks,
stigma stramineous and the nervellus intercepted below its centre.

Length 20 millim.

MADRAS: Utakamand.

Type in the Indian Museum.

Extremely closely allied to the preceding species, but at once
recognised by the two conspicuous corneous alar marks in the
pellucid radial area, which is bounded at both extremities of the
stramineous stigma by a distinctly subinfumate mark, the meta-
thorax is darker, the uervellus geniculate far below its centre, the
apical half of the two basal segments are deter minately, and
the remainder of the abdomen vaguely, blackish.



Genus ORIENTOSPILUS ; Mori.
Oricntospilus, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 6.

GENOTYPE, 0. individuus, Mori.

A genus of very large insects uniting the characters of Henico-
spilus and Allocamptiis, but differing from all other ICHXEUMOXIDJE,
except titaurojjodoctonns, with which I am acquainted in having
the mandibles horizontal and not vertical. Radial nervure basally
straight, iucrassate, and laterally iufumate ; first cubital cell with
a distinct glabrous area, and with corneous marks ; inetauotum
rugose, with no distinct transverse striae ; body broadly marked
with black.

fiaiw/e. Ceylon, Assam.

This genus has the fades of Stauropodoctonus, but the glabrous
area bears corneous marks ; in fact, it appears to have the same
relationship to it that Henicospilus has to 0/>7iion, and if it is
agreed to regard the two latter genera as distinct the present
must be separated from Stauropodoctomts, though on equally super-
ficial and artificial characters. Although Cameron examined the
mandibles of 0. reticulatus, he does not appear to have noticed
their peculiar horizontal position, nevertheless his description,
though somewhat superficial, and especially so in respect to the
venation, agrees entirely with the specimens for which I erected
this genus, since they are obviously not congeneric with Nenico-
spilus, and no other genus bears corneous alar marks.

275. Orientospilus individuns, Mori.

Orientospilus individum, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. AIus. 1912,



$ . Somewhat stout, bright testaceous and nitidulous, with the
eyes, ocelli, the hardly attenuate antennae except apically beneath,
and the hind tarsi deep black ; wings strongly fulvescent, with
their apical margin from the apex of the disco-cubital cell in nearly
a straight line to just within the apex of the nervure emitted from



OBIEXTOSP1LUS. 379

nervellus, translucent black ; an additional black streak runs from
the anal angle of the front wings to an oval blotch extending
from the fulvous stigma to the centre of the lower side of the
disco- cubital cell. Head with the vertex broad and hardly narrower
than the somewhat small eyes. Scutellum distinctly carinate
laterally only, and sparsely punctate. Thorax : metathorax
shagreened, with no trace of area? ; the postpetiole becomes
abruptly nearly double the breadth of the petiole ; anal valvular
blackish. Legs short and stout, testaceous, with the hind tarsi
conspicuously black and rather broad ; all the femora wiih long
hairs beneath. Wings broad and not very ample, with the
nervures concolorous with the markings ; upper basal straight and
strongly antefurcal, disco-cubital acutely genicuhite, but with no
ramellus ; nervellus subopposite and intercepted a little above its
lower third.

Length 17 millim.

BOMBAY : Deesa, ix. 01 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

A remarkable species in its strong superficial resemblance to
Oriental Bracons.



276. Orientospilus reticulatus, Cam.

Enicospilus reticulatus, Cameron (nee Cam. 1902), Manch. Mem,
1899, p. 102 ( $ ).

d $ Head fulvous, with the distinctly punctate face paler and
the ocellar region black ; clypeus indistinctly punctate and apicaUy
glabrous ; mandibles basally closely punctate, with their teeth

black; palpi fulvous, with dense
elongate white pilosity. An-
tennae longer than the body,
unicolorous flavous ; scape
punctate and with sparse pale
hairs ; flagellum with dense
and very short dark pubescence.
Thorax fulvous, with three
large mesonotal, and two large
mesosternal, black marks ; the
metanotum basallv " is obli-
quelv depressed at the base and
apex; the centre at the base
has a long central, bordered by
a shorter keel and the edges by
a curved one ; the apical part
Fig. 106. smooth and without any keels.

Orientospilus reticulatus, Cam. The smooth basal part of the

median segment is bordered by

a curved keel ; in front of this the segment is stoutly irregularly
reticulated to the apex ; in the middle at the base are two straight




380 ICHXKL'.MOMD.K.

narrow keels; the centre beyond t hese bordered by a much stouter
keel ; the central bordered area has, :it the top, two or three stout
transverse keels ; the apex is smooth ; " pro- and meso-pleurae
pilose and trans-aciculate, with the apical sulcus of the latter crenu-
late and its apex obscurely striate below ; metapleurae sinuately
carinate centrally and more strongly below, with tho intervening
space stoutly and subobliqnely striate. Scutellum basally closely
and finely punctate, longitudinally aciculate and densely pilose;
transcarinate before the darker and closely aciculate apex ; basal
fovea broad and deeply impressed, bordered by an elongately
pilose carina ; postscutellum indistinct, and stoutly carinate
laterally. Abdomen fulvous, with the third segment (except at
its lower third), and the remainder or three apical ones entirely,
black ; fourth rarely paler than first. Leys unicolorous fulvous
and densely pilose. Wings hyaline, with a single circular or
interiorly abruptly dilated corneous spot in the glabrous area ;
nervures and stigma black ; basal abscissa of the radius thickened.

Length 30-32 millim.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Rothney, type), Sylhet ; CEYLON (Dr.
Ttiwaites Oxford Mus).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

In the specimens I have examined the radius is distinctly
infumate basally, and the- region of the black ocelli is not
blackish.



Genus HENICOSPILUS, Steph.

Enicospilus, Stephens, 111. Mandib. vii, 183o, p. 126.

Allocamptus, Ftirster (nee Thomson), Verb. pr. Rheiul. 1868, p. 150.

This genus differs from Ophlon solely in the presence of corneous
marks upon Hie glabrous disc of the first cubital cell, which will
at once distinguish it from the whole remainder of the ICH^EC-
MONID^E, excepting only Orientospihis, and the radial nervure
appears to be constantly thickened basally. The former is, as
Bridgman and Fitch have remarked (Entom. 1884, p. 177), "a
very unstable character, and not of generic value, although in-
cluded as only a convenient division of the species of Ophion."

For long the genus had a most precarious existence and was
not recognised by Holmgren, Desvignes, Kirchner, or the older
Continental authors ; but it was accepted by Marshall in both
his catalogues, by Thomson in 1888, and subsequent authors
have usually admitted it to generic rank, more often without the
necessary aspirate, conclusively accorded it by Marshall (Ent.
Annual, 1874, p. 129), though still denied by Schmiedeknecht
(Opusc. Ichn.).

In describing Indian species of this genus, Cameron remarks
(Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 24), " Enicospilus, or Jlenicospilus as the
purists would have it, differs from Ophion proper in the fore wings
having a clear space, which usually contains one or more horny



HEXICOSPILUS. 381

points ; and the sturap of the cubital nervure, found well developed
in OpJiion, is absent. In some cases the smooth space is present
without having horny points in it, or they are very faint. In either
case I believe it will be found that the base of the cubital nervure
is thickened, which is not the case with Ophion, sensu sti: In
view of the great similarity of the species of Ophion, it seems to
me desirable to adopt Etiicospilus as a distinct genus. Species
belonging to it are found in all parts of the world." Later, how-
ever (op. cit. 1899, p. 102), he sinks it as a mere submenus of
Ophion, from which he regards it as differing in the thickened