'broader than the petiole and very finely aciculate ; terebra black,
very slender and about half the length of the abdomen. Legs
testaceous, with the anterior coxa? substramineous ; hind tibiae
blackish at base and apex. Wings broad and somewhat ample ;
radii and tegula? flavescent, stigma and nervures dull ochreous ;
radial cell short and apically straight ; submarginal nervure longer
than half the recurrent, which is emitted not very closely beyond
it ; basal nervure continuous ; uervellus opposite and neither
.geniculate nor intercepted.

Length 5-6 millim.

BENGAL : Pusa, i. 06 and xi. 07.

Type in the Pusa collection.

Extremely similar to the species of Tarytia, but at once recog-
nised by the interception of the external cubital nervure by the
second recurrent distinctly beyond the submarginal.

A unique pair of this pretty little species was bred at the
Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa from the Pyralid moth,
Antigastra catalaunalis. There, too, is a male with the occiput,
antennae, thorax and abdomen almost entirely black, render-
ing it superficially very distinct in appearance, though 1 find no
structural distinctions ' and propose to term it var. nigrescens;
it was bred from the hairy caterpillar of the Arctiid moth,



502 KHXEUMONIDjE.

Didcrisla obliqua, TV Ik. Paiva took a female of this species, witta
Tarytia Jlavo-orbitaUs, ou board-ship, ten miles off Coconada ou
the Madras coast, on 14th April 1908.

Genus TARYTIA, Cam.

Tarytia, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nut. Hist. Soc. 1907, p. 088.
GENOTYPE, T. basimacula, Cam.

Clypeus distinctly discrete from the face and apically broadly
rounded ; mandibles with the teeth large, divergent and of equal
length ; cheeks distinct and not sulcate ; eyes nude, internally
parallel and not einarginate. Antennae exactly filiform and of
normal length. "Nbtauli sometimes present ; metathorax not at all
rugose, apically subproduced beyond base of hind coxae ; metanotum
irregularly and weakly areated centrally ; spiracles small and very
shortly oval. Abdomen distinctly petiolate, with the spiracles far
beyond centre of the basal segment, which is longer than the
second, with the postpetiole distinctly nodose; ovipositor distinctly
exserted, but not elongate, with filiform valvulae. Intermediate
tibiae bicalcarate ; hind calcaria nearly as long as the second tarsal
joint ; femora not dentate ; tarsi normal, not at all spatuliform,
with simple and not pectinate claws ; basal joint of hind onea
nearly as long as the following three united ; hind coxae stout,.
two and a half times as long as broad. Stigma not broad nor
radial cell short ; areolet entirely wanting ; second recurrent
nervure distinct and fenestrate above its centre, emitted at or
beyond the submarginal ; basal nervure continuous ; parallel
nervure intercepted shortly above its centre ; hind wings with the-
nervellus neither intercepted nor geniculate, and all the nervures
apically pellucid.

Range. India.

This genus does not bear the remotest relationship to Agrypon*
with which Cameron compares it ; I have not seen Szepligeti's
arrangement, to which he refers, but its whole facies is entirely
Cremastid. An examination of the whole of the type specimens
has enabled me to draw up the following table of species, though
it is possible that in some instances the two sexes have been
described as distinct species since, with a single exception, all the
species have been founded on single specimens.

Table of Species.

1 (8) Second recurrent nervure continuous

with the submarginal.

2 (5) Notauli entirely wanting ; scutellum

dull and granulate.

3 (4) Second segment twice as long as

broad ; length 3 milliin empttsa, sp. n., p. 504.

4 (3) Second segment thrice as long as

broad length 7 milliin niyromacitlata, Cam., p. 503.



TABYTIA. 503

5 (2) Notauli distinct; scutellum niti-

dulous and punctate.

6 (7) cT only ; notauli extending to disc

of mesonotum cariniscutis, Cam.,t p.' 504.

7 (6) 5 only ; notauli confined to the

apical declivity basimacula, Cam., p. 505.

8 (1) Second recurrent emitted distinctly

beyond submarginal flavo-orbitalis, Cam., p. 506.



395. Tarytia nigromaculata, Cam.

Turytia nigromaculata, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p.



c? . A flavidous testaceous species. Head flavous, with the
ocellar region, two broad frontal stripes, and the centre of the
occiput broadly, black ; face and clypeus finely and closely punc-
tate, frons and vertex somewhat more strongly punctate, with the
frons centrally elevated and rufescent. Antennae infuscate-brun-
neous, \vith the flavous scape black above. Thorax with the
mesonotum closely and strongly punctate, laterally rufescent,
with flavous stripes on either side of a broad black central
stripe at the apical two-thirds ; radical foveae, and a broad and
apically curved mark on basal third of metanotal disc, black ;
metanotum more strongly punctate, with the petiolar area closely
and strongly striate ; pleurae not more finely punctate thau the
mesonotum, but more strongly so towards their apices. Scutellum
closely and strongly granulate, roundly declivous throughout.
Abdomen glabrous, dorsally rufescent, with base of first segment,
basal half of the finely and closely aciculate second, and base of
the third, black ; basal segment abruptly dilated from its apical
third; second segment thrice as long as broad. Legs: anterior
pairs stramineous ; hind ones red, with the tibiae and tarsi
darker, trochanters and coxae stramineous ; tarsi dark, hind
tibias with a dark band before the base. Wings hyaline, with
the stigma pale testaceous, externally darker, and the nervures
paler.

Length 7 millim.

BOMBAY: Deesa, x. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Very distinct from its congeners in the dull and granulate
scutellum, the entire lack of any trace of the notauli, and in the
continuation of the second recurrent nervure with the sub-
marginal.



t Mr. Green has sent me a fragment of an interesting new species
("No. 857") which he bred at Peracleniya in Ceylon, in December 1901,
from a fruit of Solanum inclongela, infested by larvae of the Pyralid moth
Leuoinodes orbonalis. It is larger, with darker stigma, than any described
Tarytia and approaches T. cariniscutis in its entire mesonotal notauli.



504 TCHNEUMONIDJE.

596. Tarytia empusa. sp. n.

~ cJ . A very small, testaceous species, with the head (except
ocelli), legs, second abdominal segment, tegulae, and apex of
scutellum, flavous ; ocelli, antennae, disc of metanotum, and of
iirst and fourth segments, infuscate ; basal metanotal area as long
as the areola.

Length 3| millim.

BENGAL : Pusa, ix. 06.

Type in the Pusa collection.

This species is too closely allied to T. niyromaculata to need a
detailed description ; besides its coloration and much smaller size,
it differs therefrom in the metanotum being much more nitidulous,
with all the areolar caring stouter and more clearly denned; the
basal area is strongly elongate, the head less emarginate posteriorly,
the postpetiole gradually dilated from its centre and not abruptly
from its apical third, and the second segment is not more than
twice as long as broad.



397. Tarytia cariniscutis, Cam.

Tari/tia cariniscutis, Cameron,* Jouru. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p. 590 (rf).

<5 . A clear pale testaceous species. Head (mutilated) with the
face and clypeus closely punctate. Antenna 1 infuscate, paler
below, with the scape flavous. Thorax closely, but not strongly,
punctate ; metanotum with very distinct notauli ; petiolar area
distinct and triangular, with the lateral carinae broad and basal ly
coalescent; areola feebly and sparsely striate, broad, roundly
constricted basally and subconstricted towards the apex, extending
to shortly beyond the centre ; propleura? glabrous. Scutellum
closely punctate and laterally carinate to near its centre, strongest
at base. Abdomen with the basal half of the second and third
segments discally, and the latter laterally, black ; anus black ;
second segment discally finely and closely, base of third more
obsolerely, aciculate; valvuke broad, elongate and strongly exserted.
Legs immaculate. Wings clear hyaline, with the stigma and
nervures pale testaceous.

Length 8 millim.

BOMBAY : Deesa, vii. 98 (Col. Nurse).



Type in Col. Nurse's collection.
This s



This species is said to be recognised by the scutellum being
carinate beyond its base, and by the large and distinctly defined
petiolar area ; from the remaining four species it differs in its
elongate notauli, which extend strongly to the pin run through
the disc, in its shining and not very closely punctate scutellum
and in the second recurrent nervure being continuous with the
submarginal.



TARYTIA. 505

398. Tarytia basimacula, Cam.

Tarytia basimacula, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p. 588 (5).

$ . A testaceous red species. Head flavous, with the ocellar
region triangularly black ; face and base of clypeus closely punc-
tate, the latter apically glabrous ; frons and vertex closely, but
more strongly, punctate ; scrobes elongate and deeply impressed,




Fig. 147. Tarytia basimacula, Cam.

separated by a cariua ; eyes large and internally parallel ; ocelli
large and pale, with the basal pair further apart than from the eyes.
Thorax : mesonotum closely punctate, with two broad flavescent
stripes ; metanotum rugosely punctate, with indistinct carinae and
the apical declivity strongly trans-striate ; pleurae closely and
distinctly punctate, with the meso- and meta-pleurae broadly fulvous
basally. Scutellum roundly convex. Abdomen with the Hrst seg-
ment basally, and the basal half of the second discally, black ; anus
infuscate ; second segment and the postpetiole closely and dis-
tinctly aciculate ; third basally substriate ; terebra 2 millim. in
length. Leys somewhat paler than the body and immaculate. Wings
hyaline, with the stigma dark testaceous and the nervures black.

Length 8 millim.

BOMBAY : Deesa, x. 99 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Xurse's collection.

I am strongly of the opinion that this is the alternate sex of
T. cariniscutis, but since they have been described as distinct and
we at present know but single examples of each species of the
genus, it is better to treat them temporarily as different, more
especially as the present specimen has the notauli eutirely apical
and not extending to the disc, while in T, cariniscutis they extend
to the centre of the mesonotum.



506



ICHfTBUMOFEDJE.



399. Tarytia flavo-orbitalis, Can,.

larytia flavo-orbitali*, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p. 589 ( $ ).

<? $ . A slender testaceous species with only the mandibular
apices, interocellar space, terebral valvula?, the two basal abdominal
segments dorsally, and the following more or less disc-ally, black ;
apex and sometimes base of hind tibia?, their tarsi and the
flagellum, slightly infuscate. Head somewhat narrow, dull and
pubescent, sometimes with the orbits distinctly flavous ; scrobes
large and separated by a carina ;
face distinctly punctate, with the
epistoma elevated and the dis-
tinctly discrete clypeus sparsely
punctate and apically margined ;
cheeks shorter than the base of
the stout and equideutate
mandibles. Antennae filiform and
extending to the apex of the
postpetiole. Thorax closely punc-
tate and dull, with the "notauli
deeply impressed ; metanotal areae
fine and not very distinct ; areola
elongate and hexagonal, emitting
costula? before its centre ; petiolar
area elongate and subparallel-
sided. Scutellvm convex and not
laterally margined. Abdomen
linear, with the strongly aciculata
second segment broadest; basal segment . linear to its centre,
thence fusiform and aciculate, with its apex (in c? ) often pale ;
remaining segments very strongly compressed, with only the
acute disc usually blackish ; d" valv ula3 large and exsertecl ;
terebra as long as the two basal segments or rather more than
half the abdominal length, spicula deflexed. Legs slender and
flavidous. Wings broad and not ample, with the radix, tegulae
and stigma testaceous, the nervures hardly darker; second re-
current broadly fenestrate above, hardly longer than the
submarginal nervure and close to it ; basal uervnre not con-
tinuous ;. nervelltis a little curved but not geniculate.
Length 4^-8 millim.

BENGAL : Pusa, viii. and ix., and Chapra, vii. (Pusa coll.),
Katihar, x. 07 (Ind. Mus.) ; BOMBAY: Deesa, x. 98 (Col. AW*v
type), Surat, x. (Pusa coll.); MADBAS: Quilon, Travancore, xi. 08
(JV. Annandale) ; CEYLON : Trincomali, ix. 09, and Peradeniya,
s.09 (E. E. Green) : BUEMA : Bhamo, vii. 86 (L. Fea).
Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Specimens have been taken by Mr. C. Paiva, of the Indian
Museum, on board-ship, four miles off Tuticorin, 25. v. 08, and ten
miles off Coconada, Madras coast, 17. iv. 08.




Fig. 148.
larytia flavo-orbitalis, Cat



TARYTIA.. PBISTOMEBUS. 507

At once recognised from Cameron's four other species by the
second recurrent being emitted from the external cubital nervure
at an appreciable distance further from the base of the wing than
the submarginal nervure, though he failed to note this distinction.

The black and aciculate two basal segments are very distinctive.

I am strongly of opinion that this species should be transposed
to Cremastus on account of the analogous neuration ; but the
metanotum is somewhat more produced than is usual in that genus
and its facies is altogether similar to that of Tarytia.

This appears to be an extremely common species in Bengal
and there is a very long series in the Pusa collection, the majority
of which were bred from the Pyralid leaf-rolling caterpillar of
Antigastra catalaunalis, Dup. It is also represented by specimens
raised from the Tortricid, Eucosma paragramma, Meyr., the
Pyralids, Chilo simplex, Butl., Euzophora perticella, Bag., and the
larva of another undetermined Pyralid, feeding on Acacia arabica*



Tribe PRISTOMERIDES.

This tribe is instantly recognised from the remainder of the
OPHIONINYE by the usually strong and elongate hind femoral
tooth, followed by a series of serrations in the typical genus or
close to the apex in Pristomeridia, Ashm. ; and this allies it to the
Pimplid genus Odontomems, Grav., though they have hardly
another feature in common. It is closely related to CBEMASTIDES
iii the large stigma, broad wings, and single elongate submarginal
nervure.

The only species of this tribe hitherto recorded from India was
placed by Cameron in Pristomeridia, but from his account of the
subapical serrations of the hind femora it is obvious that it
should be referred to the following genus, though his description
of the metanotum is too vague to determine the shape of the
areola.

This tribe is universally distributed, since Tosquinet has de-
scribed several kinds from Africa and Cresson others from
America, but the known species are very few in number, hardly
amounting to a dozen in all.

Genus PRISTOMEKUS, Curtis.
Pristomems, Curtis, Brit. Ent. 1836, fol. 624.
GENOTYPE, Ichneumon vulnerator, Pz.

Head narrow on the vertex ; clypeus slightly demarcated and
apically broadly rounded ; mandibular teeth of subequal length ;
eyes of $ hardly, of tf strongly, convergent above ; ocelli sub-
contiguous to the eyes. Antenna? not extending beyond the
postpetiole, flagellum generally subattenuate basally. Thorax



508 ICHXEUMONIDJ.

with the inetanotal areae more or less complete ; areola hexagonal,
4ipically entire, with the costuloe strong. Basal abdominal seg-
ment apically somewhat broad, with distinct glymmal sulci ; second
segment with the epipleurae iuflexed ; terebra slender and exserted.
Legs not very slender ; hind femora stout, with a strong obliqun
tooth slightly beyond the centre, followed bv small subcrenulate
processes ; hind calcaria of unequal length ; fifth tarsal joint
longer and a little broader than the fourth, with the short claws
pectinate. Wings with the stigma large and broad ; areolet
entirely wanting ; discoidal cell not elongate, but with its lower
external angle subacute; lower wings with the median nervure
not basally obsolete, nervellus subgeniculate below its centre.

Eanye. World-wide.

The species of this very distinct genus are known to prey upon
various small Tortricid and Grelechiid moths, and I once bre.I
numbers in a room of stored apples, where they emerged, in all
probability from the codlin moth (cf. Zoologist, 1909, p. 213)
though not elsewhere recorded as a parasite of this species.

Talle of Species.

1 (2) Black ; third segment aciculate marffinicollis, Cain.

2 (1) Testaceous ; third segment not at all

aciculate testaceus, sp. n.

400. Pristomerus marginicollis, Cam.

Pristomeridia marginicottis, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. H0($).

$ . A black species, with very variable yellowish and testaceous
markings. Head with the inner orbits narrowly, and the strongly
though sparsely punctate clypeus, tes-
taceous ; face closely, regularly, and
somewhat strongly punctate, with
the epistoma circularly prominent ;
frons and vertex dull and alutaceous.
Antennce black, with the scape and
two basal flagellar joints entirely
testaceous. Thorax : pro- and meso-
thorax closely punctate ; pronotum
transversely flavidous ; " base of meta-
notum strongly transversely punc-
tured ; in the centre of the base are
two stout, somewhat curved inwardly
Fig. 149. keels ; on the apex are two longer

Pristomerus marginicollis, Cam. straight keels extending from shortly
beyond the middle to the apex ; the

apical slope is bordered by a stout keel which is curved down in
the middle ; the slope is stoutly transversely striated, the striae
roundly curved " ; propleurae centrally striate and impressed, with
a broad and parallel-sided flavidous line below ; mesopleurae




PBISTOMERirS. 509'

apically glabrous and nitidulous above. Scittellum glabrous and
mtidulous, with its apex finely aud longitudinally aciculate ;.
postscutellum closely and distinctly striate. Abdomen rufescent,
with the two basal segments apically and ventrally, and the basal
half of the first, flavidous ; third basally black in the centre ;,
apical half of first segment and whole of the second except their
apices, as well as the base of the third centrally, finely and closely
aciculate ; terebra 2 niillim. in length. Legs flavidous, with the
hind coxae, except apically, black ; hind femora rufescent, their
tibiae subconcolorous and their tarsi dark; hind femora serrate
between their apices and the elongate, oblique teeth. Wings
hyaline ; tegulse flavidous, stigma and nervures black ; subinarginal
nervure slightly more than half the length of the space bounded
by it and the recurrent nervure.

Length 6-9 millim.

c? . I have seen a rf , which appears to belong almost un-
doubtedly to this species. Prom the above it differs only in
having the inner orbits immaculate, the epistorna hardly convex,
mandibles and whole of the prothorax pale testaceous, sides of
scutellum narrowly but conspicuously concolorous ; apical half of
first abdominal segment and the whole of second, except laterally
at base, black ; genital valvulse exserted and apically truncate ;.
hind tarsi flavous, with the onychii alone dark, and the submar-
giual nervure about as long as the space between it and the second
recurrent nervure. The last is the only feature of much note in.
these divergences, though the locality is distant.

Length 6 millim.

BAJPUTANA : Mt. Abu (Col. Nurse, J ) ; UNITED PROVINCES :
Mussoori, vi. (E. Brunetti Ind. Mus.) ; SIKKIM (Col. Bingham) ;
BENGAL : Calcutta (Ind. Mus.) ; ASSAM : Margherita (Ind. Mus.),
Shillong, v. 03 (Turner} ; TENASSEEIM : Mergui ( W. Dohertij IncL
Mus.); CEYLON (ThwaitesOxf. Mus., rf )

I am not entirely satisfied that the present species is indeed
distinct from the well-known P. vulnerator, Grav. ; the above
sexes differ somewhat in coloration, and further, the 6 from
Mt. Abu has the head mainly and the thorax entirely bright red,
with the legs nearly entirely' black, yet I can trace no structural
distinctions, in the absence of which it is idle to consider it a new
species. P. vulnerator is known to range throughout nearly the
whole of Europe, and quite possibly extends to Asia.

401. Pristomerus testaceus, sp. n.

d 1 $ . A pale testaceous species with only the mandibular apices,
the claws, apex of first and disc of second segment, and occasionally
the frons and occiput (except their orbits), black ; antennal flagellum
(except basally) and anus subinfuscate. Head with face nitidulous
and distinctly punctate, epistoma tuberculiforrnly prominent ;
scrobes large and extending nearly to ocelli, separated by a carina.
Antennae extending to apex of postpetiole. Thorax nitidulous.



510 1CHXEUMONIDJE.

finely punctate, the mesothorax and metapleurse more distinctly
so ; notauli deeply impressed ; basal area small and subquadrate ;
areola very elongate, hexagonal, and twice as long as broad, with
the costuise entire and emitted at the basal third ; petiolar area
discrete, trans-aciculate,basallv strong aud internally parallel-sided.
Scutellum glabrous and subdeplanate, with no lateral carinae.
Abdomen somewhat dull and closely alutaceous, with the anus
pilose ; basal segment linear nearly to its centre, arid thence
gradually a little widened and finely aciculate to apex ; second
slightly shorter, dull and finely aciculate throughout ; genital
valvulao pale aud very slightly exserted ; terebra very slender, and
slightly shorter than the abdomen. Legs with the hind femoral
tooth flavous. Wings hyaline, with the radix and tegulse fulvous,
stigma a little darker ; submarginal nervure very slightly longer
than its distance from the recurrent; nervellus geuiculate, but
not intercepted, distinctly below its centre.

Length 7-8 millim.

The 2 nas tne Dasa ' half of the second aud third abdominal
segments alone discally blackish.

BENGAL : Chapra "(Mackenzie, type) ; CENTRAL PROVINCES :
Jfagpur (Pusa coll.) ; MADRAS : Attur (Pusa coll.), Kulattupuzha,
in Travancore, xi. 08 (N. Annandale).

Type in the Pusa collection.

Specimens in the Pusa collection have been bred from the
Pyralid moths, Euzophora perticella, Rag., and Leucinodes orbonalis,
Guen.

Genus PRISTOMERIDIA, Ashm.
Pristomeridia, Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 100.

GENOTYPE, Porizon agilis, Cresson.

This genus was differentiated from Pristomerus by its entire
and not geniculate or intercepted nervellus, pentagonal aud not
hexagonal areola, the scarcely thickened hind femora, the tooth of
which is near the apex and not merely slightly beyond the centre.
It was erected for the reception of a single species, described
from Texas by Cresson (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1872, p. 175),
and referred by him, with some hesitation, to the genus Porizon.
Our Indian insect certainly belongs here, though the areola
is hexagonal and the femoral tooth is at some distance from the
apex.

Range. Nearctic Region, India.

402. Pristomeridia secunda, sp. n.

<j> . A small, black species, with the legs, abdomen, and antenna)
partly pale. Head a little broader than the thorax, with the
vertex transverse and the confluent scrobes trans-aciculate above
the antennae ; eyes internally entire and parallel ; face shining,
distinctly punctate, and a little elevated centrally ; clypeus discrete,



PRISTOMERUS. 51 1

apically broadly rounded, strongly transverse and, like the
strong mandibles, entirely testaceous, the latter with the lower
tooth longer. Antennas broken, broadly separated and black, with
the scape and the three elongate basal flagellar joints testaceous.
Thorax shining and distinctly punctate ; notauli entire and deeply
impressed; sternauli basally strong and elongate; metathora'x
with complete, though not strong, arese ; areola hexagonal, half
as long again as broad, and emitting the costulse nearly from its
base ; basal area very small ; petiolar area trans-strigose, discrete
and basally bisinuate ; spiracles small. Scutellum black and sub-
convex. Abdomen black, with the anus indefinitely paler; two
basal segments deplauate and finely aciculate, the remainder ver^
strongly compressed and subglabrous ; the first basally petiolate,
with its spiracles but slightly beyond the centre ; terebra two-
thirds the length of the abdomen and apically sinuate. Legs
slender and testaceous, with the hind femora a little darker ; hiud
tibiae flavescent, with their apices and a subbasal mark iufuscate
hind femoral tooth minute but distinct, followed by no serration.