Duval ; but had no children, and in his will stating" he has no
heirs except the Van Rensselaers living in America, dies at
Nykerk, Holland, April 11.
Benj. \Miii)ple, many years Assembly door-keeper, aged 64, dies,
April 30.
Mail sent by post-riders done away with, May.
Academy park or common excavated to use soil in grading Lydius
street, (Madison ave. ) causing a p(5nd in the depression. May.
Mayor Elisha Jenkins decides that he intends to move to Hudson
to live and resigns his office, taking effect. July 2.
(See No. 22.)
No. 34.
flllftirl^s lEimarJn iuil^g.
Feb. 19, 1821 — Feb. 15, 1822.
Feb. 16, 1822 — Feb. 19, 1823.
Feb. 20, 1823 — Mar. 9,1824.
May 29, 1828 — Dec. 31, 1828.
JanV 1, 1829— Jan. 19, 1829.
No. 34.
CHARLES EDWARD DUDLEY. .
Date of office: (a) Feb. 19, 1821 — Feb. 15, 1822.
(b) Feb. 16, 1822 — Feb. 19, 1823.
(cj Feb. 20, 1823 — March 9, 1824.
(d) May 29, 1828 — Dec. 31, 1828.
(e) Jan. i, 1829 — Jan. 19, 1829 (resigned)
Date of election: (a) Feb. 19, 1821.
(b) Feb. 16, 1822.
(c) Feb. 20, 1823.
(d) May 29, 1828.
(e) Jan'y i, 1829.
Political party: Democrat.
Vote: (a) Unanimous.
(b) Unanimous.
(c) Unanimous.
(d) Unanimous.
(e) Unanimous.
Opponent: (a) None.
(b) None.
(c) None.
(d) None.
(e) None.
Date of birth: May 23, 1780.
Place of birth: Johnson Hall, Staffordshire, England.
Parents: Charles Dudley and Catherine Crook.
Education: Newport schools.
Married to: Blandina Bleecker.
Children: None.
Residence: No. 54 North Pearl street.
Occupation: Merchant.
Religion: Dutch Reformed.
Date of death: January 23, 1841.
Place of death: Albany.
Place of burial: Albany Rural Cemetery.
Title: Senator.
Remarks: Presidential elector, 1816. Came to Albany in 1819.
Alderman, 1819-20. State Senator, 1820-24. Council of
Appointment, 1822. United States Senator, 1829-33. Vice-
President Mechanics and Farmers' Bank, February 3, 1834.
Public spirited. His widow endowed Dudley Observatory.
His father under British Collector of Port, at Newport, R. L,
previous to the Revolution.
34- CHARLES EDWARD DUDLEY.
1821-24; 1828-29.
From an oil painting made from life that was presented to the city of
Albany by Mr. Dudley Tibbits of Troy.
No. 34. CHARLES EIAVARD DUDLEY. 433
1821.
(Continued from No. 32.)
1821.
Charles Edward Dudley, liaving been unanimously elected Alayor
of Albany, by the Common Council, assumes office, Feb. 19.
Pierre A'an Cortland's wife, Ann. dies at her home, corner of North
Market street (Broadway) and Steuben street, Feb. 20.
John O. Cole appointed a police justice, Feb. 22.
Welcome Esleeck appointed superintendent of Common schools in
place of Gideon Hawley, Feb. 22.
Washington's Birthday observed, address by Hooper Cumming,
Feb. 22.
William Caldwell, prominent merchant, No. 64 State street, retires,
]\Iarch 5.
Legislature reduces pay of members from $4 to $3, March 20.
River open to navigation, March 25.
Solomon Van Rensselaer elected congressman, April 26.
Martin Van Buren and Benj. F. Butler remove their law office to
No. 353 North Market st. (Broadway) from No. iii State st.,
May II.
Capitol Square or park having been improved in fall of 1820, citizens
propose a fund to improve Academy Square, the commons, in
same manner, with the idea of rendering the vacant and use-
less lots north of it, on Elk street, worthy of building houses
there, May 15.
Complaint that city salaries are too large, especially that of police
justice at $300, when formerly it was $80 annually. May 27.
Albany Academy trustees advertise for removal of 10,000 loads of
earth from the Square, and to dump on Elk street hollow, north,
June 4.
Negro found in State Bank when Cashier Yates was about to re-
tire to his room in the building to go to bed, secured by struggle,
June 21.
Female Academy building corner-stone, Montgomery street, its sec-
ond edifice (site of N. Y. Central railroad station) laid at 11
a. m. by Rev. John Chester before a vast concourse, June 26.
Henry J. Bogart, many years alderman, aged 92, dies, June 28.
Steamboat fare to New York raised to $8 for one person, but the
steamboat United States was put on and charged only half,
June 29.
434 CHARLES EDWARD DUDLEY. No. 34.
1821.
Independence Day celebrated, Dirck Vander Heyden, orator, July 4.
Constitutional Convention meets at " Old " Capitol and Hon. Daniel
D. Tompkins is chosen president of the body, August 28.
Steamboat Chancellor tries the innovation of a band of music aboard
for delectation of its passengers, Aug 30.
Henry Trowbridge adds the New Haven museum to his collection
in the '* Marble Pillar," n. w^ corner of Broadway and State
street, and announces his collection surpasses any in country,
save Peal's, Philadelphia, August 31.
Dirck Van Schelluyne, an alderman, advertises for sale a lot of two
acres, used as a woodyard by steamboats, Madison avenue and
Hamilton street, Sept, i.
Rev. John McDonald dies at residence. No. 41 No. Pearl St., Sept. i.
Theory of rotary and progressive motion of storms expounded by
William C. Redfield, scientist, Sept. 3.
Dr. Alden March, who had come here from Massachusetts to live,
instructs a class of fourteen young men in medicine in a build-
ing on Montgomery street, Sept. 15.
Albany County Agricultural Society holds third anniversary, Hon.
Stephen Van Rensselaer, president, and awards Jesse Buel
prize of $10 for the best two acres of wheat raised in the city,
39 bushels 12 qts. of wheat being raised on one acre, Oct. 10.
Charter election. Common Council : Theodore Sedgwick, John
Stillwell, I. Chauncey Humphrey, John Cassidy, H. Nicholas
Bleecker, Robert Davis, HL Philip Phelps, James L'Amou-
reux, IV. James Gibbons, Richard Dusenbury, V. Election,
Sept. 25 ; sworn in, Oct. 19.
Francis M. Southwick oldest son of Solomon Southwick and an
officer of a local command, aged 23, dies, Oct. 21.
Col. John Visscher, aged 85, dies, Oct. 24.
The Chancellor Livingston runs aground on the Overslaugh and re-
mains so for 29 hours, Oct. 29.
Steamboat Richmond aground on Overslaugh 4 hours, and causes
universal indignation among citizens at condition of channel,
Oct. 30.
Constitutional Convention, after session of 75 days adjourns, and
final vote on adoption is 98 to 8, with 18 absent at voting,
Nov, 10.
Albany Female Academy building, on Montgomery street, com-
pleted at a cost of $3,000.96, November.
Common Council abolishes all previous laws regarding weight of
bread ; but insists that bakers stamp on loaves initials and
weight, Nov. 5.
No. 34. CHARLES EDWARD DUDLEY. 435
1821-1822.
Yoke of oxen weighing 3,000 lbs. each, raised by Hartford, Vt.
farmer, largest ever in city, exhibited at Fly Market, 6 So.
Pearl, Nov. 28.
River closes to navigation, Dec. 13.
1822.
Legislature convenes, in Assembly from Albany, James McKown,
William McKown, Volckert Douw Oothout and John P. Shear ;
in Senate, Charles E. Dudley and Archibald Mclntyre, Jan. i.
Thermometer 14 degrees below zero, Jan. 5.
Gen. Solomon Van Rensselaer resigns seat in Congress to become
postmaster at Albany, Solomon Southwick removed, and Gov-
ernor orders an election for Feb. 5th to fill vacancy in Con-
gress, Jan. 14.
Thermometer 15 degrees below zero throughout the city, Jan. 14.
Voting on adoption of the new constitution completed Nov. 10,
1821, city of Albany votes 690 in favor and 614 against; county
voting 1,905 in favor and 1,981 against, Jan. 15,
Dr. James Low, aged 40, dies (burial at Charlton, Saratoga Co.)
and the Medical society members resolve to wear crape on left
arm for next 30 days, Feb. 3.
Gen. Solomon Van Rensselaer's handsome home. Cherry Hill, just
south of the city line, burned by incendiaries. The Governor
offers reward of $500 General Van Rensselaer $500 and Com-
mon Council $250, Feb. 16.
Mayor Charles E. Dudley reappointed by the Common Council,
Feb. 16.
• • •
Mayor Charles Edward Dudley, having been reappointed at an
election held by the Common Council on Feb, i6th, resumes
office, Feb. 16.
Valuation of real and personal property in Albany county for 1821
is placed at $7,484,647, Feb. 21.
Abraham A. Lansing, living at Cherry Hill, below city line, aged
70 years, dies there, Feb. 21.
River open to navigation only before the city, Feb. 28.
Knox, named, after Rev. John Knox, formed from Berne, Feb. 28.
New state constitution is adopted by a vote of 116,919.
436 CHARLES EDWARD DUDLEY. No. 34.
1822.
Ice breaks up but passage r.ot clear to Xew York, March 6.
John street changed frorn Sturgeon Lane.
Meteor of extraordinary brilliancy and size passes southwest,
March 9
Rev. John Bassett completes translation of A^ander Donk's historv
of Xew Xetherland, he having removed to Bushwick, L. I.,
March 10
Legislature adjourns after a session of 107 days, April 17.
Jane McCrea's remains having been removed to the Fort Edwaro
cemetery, Rev. Hooper Gumming preaches the special sermon
April 23
Alucl: silver plate found in a field at west end of city while a
person was ploughing, tea and coiTee-pots, sugar-bowls, spoons
etc., buried there during 40 years after robbery of Thos. Ship-
boy. Survivor of this robbery of 1778 now living is Col
Sebastian Visscher's wife. April 29
Rev. Henry W. Weed installed at First Presbyterian church. May 7
Barent Bleecker unanimously re-elected president Bank of Albany
May 14
Canal loan, $600,000, taken at a premium of 1^:4 9fc by New York
State Bank and Mechanics & Farmers' Bank, on
]May J:2.
St. Peter's Church vestry advertises to build a steeple. Maj'- 29.
Websters & Skinners, publishers, dissolve partnership, consisting of
George and Charles R. \\"ebster. Hezekiah and Elisha W.
Skinner, June i.
X'o debtor confined m the jail at this time. — unusual, June i,v
-Steamboats introduce cotillions to entertain passengers, Jun^^ 15
Harrowgate spring, discovered in Greenbush in 1792 half a mile
back from river and frequented much by " the genteel " imti'.
militia post was establisbed there in 1813. again comes Xc
notice with a bath-house, June 17.
?\Iartin A'an Buren and Benj. F. Butler, prominent attorneys who
liad moved into Xo. 353 Xo. Market st. (Broadway) on May
II, 1 82 1, now remove to Xo. 109 State st.
Joseph Caldwell, a prominent and respected citizen, 85, dies June 23.
Erie canal work being rapidly progressed and freightage to Ctira
greatly increased, 350 wagons loaded with flour passing on the
turnpike from Albany to Schenectady in one day. July i
Citizens meet at Capitol and nominate Solomon Southwick for gov-
ernor, July 24.
Oriental Star, religious, published by Eezaleel Howe, Aug. 3.
No. 34. CHARLES i:i)\\ AKl) DUDLEY. 437
1822.
At this time the Albany (Boys) Academy has 4 teachers and 130
students. Albany b'emale Academy has 4 teachers and 138
students, Alechanics' Academy has i teacher and 40 students,
Lancaster School has i teacher and 390 students. Aug. 8.
Newspapers boast of the unheard of rapidity of mail serivcc, letters
mailed in New York on July 19th were received at Rochester
on 23rd, a distance of 390 miles, by stage, Aug. 9.
Yellow fever raging in New York, merchants convey their stock to
Albanv and rent stores here during the epidemic, Aug. 10
Joseph Bonaparte, Spain's ex-King, arrives at Albany on his travels,
and takes rooms at Eagle Tavern, s. e. cor. Broadway and
Hamilton, Aug. 15.
Wheat sells at $1.22 a bushel, loaves of 4 lbs. at i s., Aug. 27.
Steamboats from New York quarantined at Van Rensselaer Island
below the city, fearing yellow fever, order by proclamation,
Aug. 28.
Charter election for aldermen and assistants in five wards, Sept. 19.
Harmanus P. Schuyler, former sherilil: and chamberlain many years,
dies at his home in Niskayuna, aged 53 years, Oct. 13.
Dr. Alden Alarch starts second course of his anatomical lectures,
Oct. 14.
Charter election. Common Council : John Townsend, Friend
Humphrey, I. John Cassidy, Jeremiah Waterman, H. Eben-
ezer Baldwin, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, HI. James L'Amoureaux,
Welcome Esleeck, T\'. James Gibbons, Benjamin A\'ilson, A^
Election, Sept. 24; sworn in, Oct. 18.
Hawthorn JNIcCulloch of So. Ferry street, exhibits a beet 2 feet,
3 inches long, 17 inches in circumference, four feet being the
entire length of plant, Oct. 25.
New York merchants here during yellow fever spell, return, Oct. 27.
James Denny, quartermaster aboard U. S. Schooner Alligator, aged
30, killed in engagement with pirates, Nov. 9.
Greek war for emancipation from Turks engages sympathy of
citizens and meetings are held to raise funds to help Greeks,
Nov. 19.
President's Alessage arrives on third day after its delivery, Dec. 7.
River closes to navigation. Dec. 24.
John Ten Broeck, who was a member of the state convention
framing the state constitution of 1777, also a Revolutionary
patriot, aged 83, dies Dec. 26,
Aaron Thorpe & Co. advertise a stage line to Canandaigua and
guarantee to arrive at Utica dav of starting out, Dec. 27,
:|.38 CHARLES EDWARD DUDLEY. No. 34.
1823.
1823.
Joseph C. Yates sworn in as Governor and Legislature convenes,
Jan. I.
A new theatre opened at No. 140 State street, the other one at
this time being the Albany Theatre at Thespian Hotel, No.
Pearl st., Jan. 12.
James Dexter and Richard Van Rensselaer admitted by Supreme
Court to practice as counselors, Jan. 17.
]\Ioses I. Cantine, one of the proprietors and editors of the Argus,
also the state printer, aged 49 years, dies Jan. 24.
Nicholas N. Quackenbush, prominent lawyer, dies at his residence.
No. 272 No. Market st. (Broadway), aged 59 years, Jan. 26.
Tobias Van Schaick. foremost dry goods merchant, retires, Jan. 31.
William A. Tweed Dale, principal of Lancaster school, makes annual
report, showing 311 scholars, and income of $1,611.56, which
had covered all the expenses, Feb. 3.
Jeremiah Waterman opens a large dry goods store on No. Market
St. (Broadway) opp. ]\Iechanics & Farmers' Bank, Feb. 5.
Thermometer 18 degrees below zero, Feb. 7.
Simeon DeWitt appointed state survevor-general, second time,
Feb. 8.
Thorpe's stage makes record to Utica. leaving there at midnight
and arriving here at 9:10 a. m., six passengers, the 96 miles
in practically 9 hours, and covering the turnpike from Schenec-
tady (16 miles) in 67 minutes. This coach, same six pas-
sengers, returned to Utica that afternoon, arriving at 7 p. m.,
went to New Hartford and back to L^tica at 8 p. m., thus
covering 200 miles in 20 hours^ Feb. 8.
William L. Marcy appointed state comptroller, Feb. 13.
Benjamin Wright reports to canal commissioners, as consulting
engineer, that a basin for boats leaving the canal at Albany
would be an advantage to the city and might be constructed
for $100,000, and it would help shipments to river boats without
storage, Feb. ii.
Chas. R. Webster elected president Albany ^^lechanics' Society,
Feb. II.
Charles E. Dudley unanimously re-elected by the Common Council
Feb. 20.
• • •
Charles Edward Dudley having been unanimously re-elected by the
Common Council on this day, resumes his duties as Alayor,
Feb. 20.
No. 34. CPIARLES EDWARD DUDLEY, 439
1823.
Geo. Webster, a proprietor of Daily Advertiser, aged 61, dies,
Feb. 21.
Apprentices' Library having 350 readers on its roll and 1,585 books,
is benefited to extent of $137 by Rev. H. Cumming's lecture,
Feb. 23.
Benjamin F. Butler, partner of Alartin Van Buren, lawyers, ap-
pointed district attorney for Albany county, March.
Albany Lyceum of Natural History incorporated; Stephen Van
Rensselaer, president.
James Wasson and Major C. Humphrey, acting for Wasson &
Jewell, livery, drive into town with fifty horses attached to a
single sleigh, having procured them in Montreal, March 21.
River ice breaking up, March 24.
River so free of ice that the Fire Fly arrives, March 26.
Ira Porter, merchant tailor, dies at Ballston, March 31.
Legislature passes bill authorizing Albany basin, April 5.
Law passed instructing supervisors to construct a treadmill near
the Albany jail, to cost not more than $1,100, and commission-
ing Friend Humphrey, James McKown and Philip Hooker to
provide it, April 15,
Dr. Theodric Romeyn Beck's wife, Harriet, daughter of James Cald-
well, a prominent merchant, dies, April 18.
Gibbonsville (later to be West Troy, — Watervliet) incorporated,
April 23.
Tobias Van Schaick's wife, Jane, aged 40, dies, April 25.
Legislature adjourns, having passed 269 laws, April 25.
State engineering corps locates Erie canal lock to open into the
river, and stakes out the pier forming the basin, May 15.
John Cook, first state librarian, located in "Old " Capitol, announces
that he will keep the library open for those citizens who might
desire to consult the books, until late in the fall, June 17.
Funeral of Dirck Van Schelluyne, July 24.
Grown near the city, eighty-seven headed stalks of rye from a single
head of grain, July 24.
New series of Literature Lottery drawn in Albany under supervision
of C. A. Ten Eyck, William Gould and Ebenezer Baldwin,
July 26.
Windmill near " Old " Capitol disrupted by severe gale, July o.'j.
Albany bar meets to testify respects to Hon. James Kent on retiring
from ofifice as chancellor, Estes Howe presiding, July 29.
New steamboat James Kent arrives, passage in 20 hours, built by
Smith & Dimon at New York city, 364 tons, 140 ft. x 48 ft.,
Aug. 19.
440 CHARLES EDWARD DUDLEY. No. 34.
1823.
John \'. Henry, lawyer, receives " LL.D." from ^liddlebury college,
Aug. 20.
Rev. John Ludlow installed at North Dutch Church, Aug. 20.
John Cook, first State Librarian, originator of the Albany Library
and reading room, aged 59, dies, (Calvin Pepper succeeding),
Aug. 21.
Graham Klink, publisher of Albany Directory, aged 30, dies,
Aug. 29.
Alfred Conkling and Jabez Hammond form law firm, 65 State St.,
Sept. 2.
Dam and lock in the Hudson above Troy completed and Waterford
and Lansinburg people celebrate, the Fire Fly taking passengers
through the lock to Waterford at $1 a head, — dam's length
1,100 feet, 48 feet high from foundation and 58 feet broad,
Sept. 10.
T. Romeyn Beck's " Medical Jurisprudence " printed, Sept. 15.
First water passes from Erie canal into Albany basin, and an eel
three feet long, as the first living thing to come through, caught
and preserved in the Lyceum of Natural History, Sept. 25.
Charter election for aldermen and assistants in the 5 wards,
Sept. 30.
Erie canal ceremoniously opened, from the Genesee river eastward
to the Hudson river, and the canal-boat DeWitt Clinton tra-
verses this completed portion. Governor Yates, ]\Ia>;or Charles
E. Bleecker, Common Council and other guests aboard; Dr.
Mitchell mingling waters from the West and waters from the
ocean as it passes amid hussas and booming of cannon through
the first lock and into the Hudson, Oct. 8.
Charter election. Common Council : John Townsend, Friend Hum-
phrey, L John Cassidy, Jeremiah Waterman, H. James Van
Ingen, Ebenezer Baldwin, HL Philip Phelps, Hawthorn
McCulloch, IV. James Gibbons, Benjamin Wilson, V. Elec-
tion, Sept. 30; sworn in, Oct. 14.
One foot of snow falls, thunder and lightning, Oct. 25.
Elisha Jenkins advertises for construction of the Pier, to be 1,700
feet long, 80 feet wide and 18 feet high, Oct. 29.
Rev. Jos. Hulburt installed at Third Presbyterian Church, Oct. 29.
Incorporation of Commercial Bank applied for by Joseph Alexander,
George W. Stanton, David E. Gregory, and Alexander David-
son, to have a capital of $500,000, Nov. 2^].
Samuel V^ander Heyden, a founder of Troy, dies, Nov. 27.
Apprentices' Library removed to Bank of Albany building, and Paul
Hochstrasser appointed librarian, Nov. 27.
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No. 34. CHARLES EDWARD DUDLEY. 44I
1823-1824.
River closes (but opens later), Dec. i.
Common Council holds that city will no longer be responsible for
accidents happening at ferry, sunrise to sunset, Dec. 2.
George W. Alancius, former postmaster, aged 56, dies, Dec. 4.
Watervliet Arsenal's second building, of stone, west of canal, built.
Robert Dunlop's malt house and 5,000 bushels of barley, burnt,
Dec. 15.
River closes to navigation, Dec. 18.
Ice in river breaks up, caused by rain, and freshet ensues, Dec. 25.
1824.
A political disaffection in the Common Council seeks the overthrow
of Mayor C. E. Dudley, and on balloting to declare the office
vacant the vote stood 11 to 11, inclusive of the ^layor's vote,
Jan. I.
Legislature convenes, John Van Ness Yates administering oaths,
Jan. 6.
Twelve Niskayuna Shakers brought to town jail on refusing to
perform military duty as incompatible with their doctrine ; but
the colonel of the regiment recognizes their plea, Jan. 8.
Albany Regency, a political clique of great power in the state and
also extending to control the presidency and governmental
positions, prominent movers in which were John A. Dix, Martin
Van Buren, William L. ]\Iarcy and Silas Wright, all of whom
served as New York governors at some time, commenced to
gain in strength from 1820 (existing until about 1854) and an
important factor onward from 1824.
Ice moves down the river leaving it open to New York city, Jan. 11.
John S. Van Rensselaer confirmed by Senate as County judge,
Jan. 16.
New York State Literature Lottery tickets sold from store of
Chauncey Johnson, No. 393 So. INIarket st. (Broadway),
Feb. 5.
" Religious ATonitor " issued by Chauncey Webster, Feb. 5.
Common Council ballots ten times for mayor, the 22 votes being
divided between John N. Ouackenbush and Ambrose Spencer,
whereupon someone proposing adjournment and the vote being
II to II, the Mayor cast a deciding vote. Eleven members
442 CHARLES EDWARD DUDLEV. No. 34.
1824, 1828.
remained after adjournment and organizing cast ii votes for
Ambrose Spencer, whom they declared elected Mayor; but this
was later not considered lawful, Feb. 9.
Dr. Robert Kerr, physician in liritish army in Canada who had been
kind to the Americans in the War of 1812, aged 69, buried
from Cruttcnden's hotel ( later known as Congress hall) having
died, Feb. 25.
Philip S. Van Rensselaer elected president of the Bible and Prayer-
Book Society of Albany and vicinity, Feb. 24.
River opened to navigation (Gov't record), March 3.
Common Council ballots for ]Mayor, the vote on first ballot standing
II to II. On second ballot John Lansing, Jr., had 10, i blank,
and 1 1 for Ambrose Spencer, who was declared duly elected,
March 8.
• • •
(See No. 35.)
(Continued from Xo. 36.)
1828.
Charles Edward Dudley, after a lapse of four years, a fourth time
becomes Mayor, having been unanimously elected by the Com-
mon Council on this day because of the resignation on May
23rd of Mayor James Stevenson, May 29.
Steamboat DeWitt Clinton launched at the Albany builders' dock
of Hand & Kenyon, near the south ferry, of 571 tons. 233
feet long, 28 feet broad and 10 feet deep in hold, with engine
66x120 inches, the fourth steamboat built at this city; but
stated in Munsell's "Annals of Albany," (Vol. IX, p. 169) to
be 143 feet long and 27 feet broad. May.
First successfully steam-driven printing-press in America (probablv
made by R. Hoe & Co.) operated at n. w. corner Green and
Beaver streets, to print " The Temperance Recorder."
City maintains 586 oil lamps this year.
The late DeWitt Clinton's property sold by sherifif to satisfy a
judgment of $6,000, at which the large and magnificent silver
vases presented to him by the merchants of X^ew York in recog-
nition of his successful efforts in instituting the Erie canal, are
sold for $600. and nothing left of his once fine estate save a few
old carriages. Truly was it written in Clinton's City Directory
by Marcus T. Reynolds, deposited later in the State Library,
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