Fire was crackling from his snowshoes,
From his staffs end smoke ascending,
But as yet the elk he saw not ;
Could not see it ; could not hear it.

O'er the hills and dales he glided,
Through the lands beyond the ocean, 1 50



Kalevala [Runo xin

Over all the wastes of Hiisi,

Over all the heaths of Kalma,

And before the mouth of Surma,

And behind the house of Kalma.

Surma's mouth was quickly opened,

Down was bowed the head of Kalma,

That he thus might seize the hero,

And might swallow Lemminkainen;

But he tried, and failed to reach him,

Failed completely in his effort. 160

O'er all lands he had not skated,
Nor had reached the desert's borders,
In the furthest bounds of Pohja,
In the distant realms of Lapland,
So he skated further onward,
Till he reached the desert's borders.

When he reached this distant region,
Then he heard a great commotion,
In the furthest bounds of Pohja,
On the plains of Lapland's children. 170

And he heard the dogs were barking,
And the Lapland children crying,
And the Lapland women laughing,
And the other Lapps were grumbling.

Then the lively Lemminkainen
Skated on in that direction,
Where he heard the dogs were barking
On the plains of Lapland's children ;
And he said on his arrival,

And he asked them on his coming : 180

" Wherefore are the women laughing,
Women laughing, children crying,
And the older folks lamenting,
And the grey dogs all are barking ? "

" Therefore are the women laughing,
Women laughing, children crying,
And the older folks lamenting,
And the grey dogs all are barking.
Here has charged the elk of Hiisi,
With its hoofs all cleft and polished, 190



Runoxni] Hiisi's Elk .135

In the house the tubs kicked over,
On the fire upset the kettles,
Shaken out the soup within them,
Spilt it all among the ashes."

Thereupon the ruddy rascal,
He the lively Lemminkainen,
Struck his left shoe in the snowdrift,
Like an adder in the meadow,
Pushed his staff of pinewood forward,
As it were a living serpent, 200

And he said as he was gliding,
Grasping firm the pole he carried :
" Let the men who live in Lapland,
Help me all to bring the elk home ;
And let all the Lapland women
Set to work to wash the kettles ;
And let all the Lapland children
Hasten forth to gather splinters ;
And let all the Lapland kettles
Help to cook the elk when captured." 210

Then he poised himself and balanced,
Forward pushed, his strength exerting,
And the first time he shot forward,
From before their eyes he vanished.
Once again he speeded onward,
And they could no longer hear him,
But the third time he rushed onward,
Then he reached the elk of Hiisi.
Then he took a pole of maple,
And he made a birchen collar ; 220

Hiisi's elk he tethered with it,
In a pen of oak he placed it.
11 Stand thou there, O elk of Hiisi,
Here remain, O nimble reindeer ! "

Then upon the back he stroked it,
Patted it upon the belly.
" Would that I awhile might tarry,
And might sleep awhile and rest me,
Here beside a youthful maiden,
With a dove of blooming beauty." 230



136 Kalevala [Runoxm

Then did Hiisi's elk grow furious,
And the reindeer kicked out wildly,
And it spoke the words which follow:
"Lempo's self shall reckon with you,
If you sleep beside a maiden,
And beside a girl should tarry."

Then it gave a mighty struggle,
And it snapped the birchen collar,
And it broke the pole of maple,
And the pen of oak burst open, 240

And the elk rushed wildly onwards,
And began to hurry forwards,
Over land and over marshes,
Over slopes o'ergrown with bushes,
Till the eyes no more could see it,
And the ears no longer hear it.

Thereupon the ruddy rascal
Grew both sorrowful and angry,
Very vexed and very angry,

And would chase the elk of Hiisi, 250

But as he was rushing forward,
In a hole he broke his left shoe,
And his snowshoe fell to pieces,
On the ground he broke the right one,
Broke the tips from off his snowshoes,
And the frames across the joinings.
While rushed on the elk of Hiisi,
Till its head he saw no longer.

Then the lively Lemminkainen,
Bowed his head in deep depression, 260

Gazed upon the broken snowshoes,
And he spoke the words which follow:
"Nevermore in all his lifetime
May another hunter venture
Confidently to the forest,
Chasing Hiisi's elk on snowshoes !
Since I went, me unhappy,
And have spoilt the best of snowshoes,
And the splendid frames have shattered,
And my spearpoint likewise broken." 270



Runoxiv] Lemminkainen's Death 137



RUNG XIV. LEMMINKAINEN'S DEATH

Argument

Lemminkainen invokes the forest deities, and at length succeeds in
capturing the elk, and brings it to Pohjola (1-270). Another task is given
him, to bridle the fire-breathing steed of Hiisi. He bridles it and brings
it to Pohjola (271-372). A third task is assigned him, to shoot a swan
on the river of Tuonela. Lemminkainen comes to the river, but the
despised cowherd, who is lying in wait for him, kills him, and casts his
body into the cataract of Tuoni. The son of Tuoni then cuts his body
to pieces (373~46o).

THEN the lively Lemminkainen

Deeply pondered and reflected,

On the path that he should follow,

Whither he should turn his footsteps,

Should he leave the elk of Hiisi,

And direct his journey homewards,

Should he make another effort,

And pursue the chase on snowshoes,

With the Forest-Queen's permission,

And the favour of the wood-nymphs? 10

Then he spoke the words which follow,
And in words like these expressed him :
" Ukko, thou of Gods the highest,
Gracious Father in the heavens,
Make me now two better snowshoes,
Leather snowshoes fit for sliding,
That I glide upon them swiftly
Over land and over marshes,
Glide throughout the land of Hiisi,
And across the heaths of Pohja, 20

There to chase the elk of Hiisi,
And to catch the nimble reindeer.

" In the wood alone I wander,
Toil without another hero,
Through the pathways of Tapiola,
And beside the home of Tapio.



138 Kalevala [RunoXiv

Welcome, wooded slopes and mountains,

Welcome to the rustling pinewoods,

Welcome to the grey head aspens,

And to all who greet me, welcome ! 30

" Be propitious wood and thicket,
Gracious Tapio, do thou aid me,
Bring the hero to the islands,
To the hills in safety lead him,
Where he can attain the quarry,
Whence he may bring back the booty.

" Nyyrikki, O son of Tapio,
Thou the mighty red-capped hero,
Blaze the path across the country,
And erect me wooden guide-posts, 40

That I trace this evil pathway,
And pursue the rightful roadway,
While I seek my destined quarry,
And the booty I am seeking.

" Mielikki, the forest's mistress,
Thou the mighty, fair-faced mother !
Let thy gold now wander onward,
And thy silver set in motion,
Right before the man who seeks it,
On the pathway of the seeker. 50

" Take the keys of gold, suspended
By the ring that hangs beside thee,
Open thou the stores of Tapio,
And his castle in the forest,
During this my hunting-season,
While I hunt in distant regions.

" If thyself thou wilt not trouble,
Strictly charge thy little maidens,
Send thy serving maidens to me,
Give thy orders to thy servants ! 60

If thou canst not be my hostess,
Do thou not forbid thy maidens,
For thou hast a hundred maidens,
And a thousand at thy orders,
Those on all thy herds attending,
Likewise all thy game protecting.



RunoXiv] Lemminkainen's Death 139

" Little maiden of the forest,
Tapio's girl, with mouth of honey,
Play upon thy flute of honey,
Whistle through thy pipe of honey, 70

In thy noble mistress' hearing,
Gracious queen of all the forest,
That she soon may hear the music,
And from her repose may rouse her,
For she does not hear at present,
And she but awakens rarely,
Though I supplicate for ever,
With my golden tongue imploring ! "

Then the lively Lemminkainen
Wandered on, but found no booty, 80

Glided through the plains and marshes,
Glided through the trackless forests,
Where has Jumala his soot-hills,
To the charcoal heaths of Hiisi.
Thus he skated one day, two days,
And at length upon the third day,
Came he to a lofty mountain,
Where he climbed a rock stupendous,
And he turned his eyes to north-west,
To the north across the marshes, 90

And he saw the farms of Tapio,
With the doors all golden shining,
To the north, across the marshes,
On the slope among the thickets.

Then the lively Lemminkainen
Quickly to the spot approaching,
Pushed his way through all obstructions,
Under Tapio's very windows.
And he looked while stooping forward,
In the sixth among the windows. 100

There were resting game-dispensers,
Matrons of the woods reposing,
All were in their work-day garments,
And with filthy rags were covered.

Said the lively Lemminkainen,
" Wherefore, Mistress of the Forest,



1 40 Kalevala [Runo xiv

Dost thou wear thy work-day garments,

Dirty ragged thresher's garments ?

You are very black to gaze on,

And your whole appearance dreadful, no

For your breast is most disgusting,

And your form is very bloated.

" When before I tracked the forests,
I beheld three castles standing.
One was wooden, one a bone one,
And the third of stone was builded.
There were six bright golden windows
On the sides of every castle,
And if then I gazed within them,
'Neath the wall as I was standing, 1 20

Saw the lord of Tapio's household,
And the mistress of his household ;
Tellervo, the maid of Tapio,
And the rest of Tapio's household,
All in rustling golden garments,
And parading there in silver,
She herself, the Forest-Mistress,
Gracious Mistress of the Forest,
On her wrists were golden bracelets,
Golden rings upon her fingers, 130

On her head a golden head-dress,
And her hair adorned with ducats ;
In her ears were golden earrings,
Finest beads her neck encircling.

" Gracious Mistress of the Forest,
Of sweet Metsola the matron !
Cast away thy hay-shoes from thee,
And discard thy shoes of birch-bark,
Cast thou off thy threshing garments,
And thy wretched work-day garments, 140

Don thy garments of good fortune^
And thy blouse for game-dispensing,
In the days I track the forest,
Seeking for a hunter's booty.
Long and wearily I wander,
Wearily I track my pathway,



RunoXiv] Lemminkainen's Death 141

Yet I wander here for nothing,

All the time without a quarry.

If you do not grant me booty,

Nor reward me for my labour, 150

Long and sad will be the evening,

Long the day when game is wanting.

" Aged greybeard of the forest,
With thy pine-leaf hat and moss cloak,
Dress thou now the woods in linen,
And the wilds a cloth throw over.
All the aspens robe in greyness,
And the alders robe in beauty,
Clothe the pine-trees all in silver,
And with gold adorn the fir-trees. 160

Aged pine-trees belt with copper,
Belt the fir-trees all with silver,
Birch-trees with their golden blossoms,
And their trunks with gold adornments.
Make it as in former seasons
Even when thy days were better,
When the fir-shoots shone in moonlight,
And the pine-boughs in the sunlight,
When the wood was sweet with honey,
And the blue wastes flowed with honey, 170

Smelt like malt the heathlands' borders,
From the very swamps ran butter.

" Forest-maiden, gracious virgin,
Tuulikki, O Tapio's daughter!
Drive the game in this direction,
Out into the open heathland.
If it runs with heavy footsteps,
Or is lazy in its running,
Take a switch from out the bushes,
Or a birch-twig from the valley, 180

Switch the game upon the haunches,
And upon the flanks, O whip it,
Drive it swiftly on before you,
Make it hasten quickly onward,
To the man who here awaits it,
In the pathway of the hunter.



142 Kalevala [Runo xiv

"If the game comes on the footpath,
Drive it forward to the hero,
Do thou put thy hands together,
And on both sides do thou guide it, 190

That the game may not escape me,
Rushing back in wrong direction.
If the game should seek to fly me,
Rushing in the wrong direction,
Seize its ear, and drag it forward
By the horns upon the pathway.

" If there 's brushwood on the pathway,
Drive it to the pathway's edges ;
If a tree should block the pathway,
Then the tree-trunk break asunder. 200

" If a fence obstructs the pathway,
Thrust the fence aside before you,
Take five withes to hold it backward,
And seven posts whereon to bind them.

" If a river runs before thee,
Or a brook should cross the pathway,
Build thou then a bridge all silken,
With a red cloth for a gateway ;
Drive the game by narrow pathways,
And across the quaking marshes, 210

Over Pohjola's wide rivers,
O'er the waterfalls all foaming.

" Master of the house of Tapio,
Mistress of the house of Tapio ;
Aged greybeard of the forest,
King of all the golden forest ;
Mimerkki, the forest's mistress,
Fair dispenser of its treasures,
Blue-robed woman of the bushes,
Mistress of the swamps, red-stockinged, 220

Come, with me thy gold to barter,
Come, with me to change thy silver.
I have gold as old as moonlight,
Silver old as is the sunlight,
Which I won in battle -tumult,
In the contest of the heroes,



RunoXiv] Lemminkainen's Death 143

Useful in my purse I found it,

Where it jingled in the darkness ;

If thy gold thou wilt not barter,

Perhaps thou wilt exchange thy silver." 230

Thus the lively Lemminkainen
For a week on snowshoes glided,
Sang a song throughout the forest,
There among the depths of jungle,
And appeased the forest's mistress,
And the forest's master likewise,
And delighted all the maidens,
Pleasing thus the girls of Tapio.
Then they hunted and drove onward
From its lair the elk of Hiisi, 240

Past the wooded hills of Tapio,
Past the bounds of Hiisi's mountain,
To the man who waited for it,
To the sorcerer in his ambush.

Then the lively Lemminkainen
Lifted his lasso, and threw it
O'er the elk of Hiisi's shoulders,
Round the camel's neck he threw it,
That it should not kick in fury,
When upon its back he stroked it. 250

Then the lively Lemminkainen
Spoke aloud the words which follow :
" Lord of woods, of earth the master,
Fairest creature of the heathlands ;
Mielikki, the forest's mistress,
Loveliest of the game-dispensers !
Come to take the gold I promised,
Come ye now to choose the silver,
On the ground lay down your linen,
Spreading out of flax the finest, 260

Underneath the gold that glitters,
Underneath the shining silver,
That upon the ground it fall not,
Nor among the dirt is scattered."

Then to Pohjola he journeyed,
And he said on his arrival :



144 Kalevala [Runo xiv

" I have chased the elk of Hiisi

On the distant plains of Hiisi.

Give me now, old dame, your daughter,

Give the youthful bride I seek for." 270

Louhi, Pohjola's old Mistress
Heard his words, and then made answer :
" I will only give my daughter,
Give the youthful bride you seek for,
If you rein the mighty gelding,
He the chestnut steed of Hiisi,
He the foaming foal of Hiisi,
On the bounds of Hiisi's meadow."

Then the lively Lemminkainen
Took at once a golden bridle, 280

Took a halter all of silver,
And he went to seek the courser,
Went to seek the yellow-maned one,
On the bounds of Hiisi's meadow.

Then he hastened on his journey,
On his way went swiftly forward,
Through the green and open meadows r
To the sacred field beyond them,
And he sought there for the courser,
Seeking for the yellow-maned one. 290

At his belt the bit he carried,
And the harness on his shoulder.

Thus he sought one day, a second,
And at length upon the third day
Came he to a lofty mountain,
And upon a rock he clambered.
And he turned his eyes to eastward,
And he turned his head to sunwards.
On the sand he saw the courser,
'Mid the firs the yellow-maned one. 300

From his hair the flame was flashing,
From his mane the smoke was rising.

Thereupon prayed Lemminkainen :
" Ukko, thou of Gods the highest,
Ukko, thou of clouds the leader,
Of the scattered clouds conductor,



RunoXiv] Lemminkainen's Death 145

Open now thy clefts in heaven,

And in all the sky thy windows,

Let the iron hail fall downwards,

Send thou down the frozen masses, 310

On the mane of that good courser,

On the back of Hiisi's courser."

Ukko then, the great Creator,
Jumala 'mid clouds exalted,
Heard and rent the air asunder,
Clove in twain the vault of heaven,
Scattered ice, and scattered iceblocks,
Scattered down the iron hailstones,
Smaller than a horse's head is,
Larger than a head of man is, 320

On the mane of that good courser,
On the back of Hiisi's courser.

Then the lively Lemminkainen,
Forward stepped to gaze about him,
And advanced for observation,
And he spoke the words which follow :
" Hiitola's most mighty courser,
Mountain foal, with mane all foam-flecked,
Give me now thy golden muzzle,
Stretch thou forth thy head of silver, 330

Push it in the golden bridle,
With the bit of shining silver.
I will never treat you badly,
And I will not drive you harshly,
And our way is but a short one,
And 'tis but a little journey,
Unto Pohjola's bleak homestead,
To my cruel foster-mother.
With a rope I will not flog you,
With a switch I will not drive you, 340

But with silken cords will lead you,
With a strip of cloth will drive you."

Then the chestnut horse of Hiisi,
Hiisi's horse, with mane all foam-flecked
Forward stretched his golden muzzle.
Forward reached his head of silver,



146 Kalevala [RunoXiv

To receive the golden bridle,
With the bit of shining silver.

Thus did lively Lemminkainen
Bridle Hiisi's mighty courser, 350

In his mouth the bit adjusted,
On his silver head the bridle,
On his broad back then he mounted,
On the back of that good courser.

O'er the horse his whip he brandished,
With a willow switch he struck him,
And a little way he journeyed
Hasting onward through the mountains,
Through the mountains to the northward,
Over all the snow-clad mountains, 360

Unto Pohjola's bleak homestead.
From the yard the hall he entered,
And he said on his arrival,
Soon as Pohjola he entered :
" I have reined the mighty courser,
Brought the foal of Hiisi bridled,
From the green and open meadows,
And the sacred field beyond them,
And I tracked the elk on snowshoes,
On the distant plains of Hiisi. 370

Give me now, old dame, your daughter,
Give the youthful bride I seek for."

Louhi, Pohjola's old Mistress,
Answered in the words which follow :
" I will only give my daughter,
Give the youthful bride you seek for,
If the river-swan you shoot me,
Shoot the great bird on the river.
There on Tuoni's murky river,
In the sacred river's whirlpool, 380

Only at a single trial,
Using but a single arrow."

Then the lively Lemminkainen
He the handsome Kaukomieli,
Went and took his twanging crossbow,
Went away to seek the Long-neck,



RunoXiv] Lemminkainen's Death 147

Forth to Tuoni's murky river,
Down in Manala's abysses.

On with rapid steps he hastened,
And he went with trampling footsteps, 390

Unto Tuonela's broad river,
To the sacred river's whirlpool,
'Neath his arm a handsome crossbow,
On his back his well-stored quiver.

Markahattu then, the cowherd,
Pohjola's old sightless greybeard,
There by Tuonela's broad river,
By the sacred river's whirlpool,
Long had lurked, and long had waited,
There for Lemminkainen's coming. 400

And at length one day it happened,
Came the lively Lemminkainen
Hasting on, and swift approaching
Unto Tuonela's deep river,
To the cataract most terrific,
To the sacred river's whirlpool.

From the waves he sent a serpent,
Like a reed from out the billows ;
Through the hero's heart he hurled it,
And through Lemminkainen's liver. 410

Through the arm-pit left it smote him,
Through the shoulder right it struck him.

Then the lively Lemminkainen
Felt himself severely wounded,
And he spoke the words which follow :
" I have acted most unwisely,
That I asked not information
From my mother, she who bore me.
Two words only were sufficient,
Three at most might perhaps be needed, 420

How to act, and live still longer,
After this day's great misfortune.
Charm I cannot water-serpents,
Nor of reeds I know the magic.

" O my mother who hast borne me,
And hast nurtured me in sorrow,



148 Kalevala [RunoXiv

Would that thou might'st know, and hasten

To thy son, who lies in anguish.

Surely thou would'st hasten hither,

To my aid thou then would'st hasten, 430

To thy hapless son's assistance,

At the point of death now lying,

For indeed too young I slumber,

And I die while still so cheerful."

Then did Pohjola's blind greybeard,
Markahattu, he the cowherd,
Fling the lively Lemminkainen,
Casting Kaleva's own offspring
Into Tuoni's murky river,
In the worst of all the whirlpools. 440

Floated lively Lemminkainen,
Down the thundering cataract floated,
Down the rushing stream he floated,
Unto Tuonela's dread dwelling.

Then the bloodstained son of Tuoni
Drew his sword, and smote the hero,
With his gleaming blade he hewed him,
While it shed a stream of flashes,
And he hewed him in five fragments,
And in pieces eight he hewed him, 450

Then in Tuonela's stream cast them,
Where are Manala's abysses.
"Thou may'st toss about for ever,
With thy crossbow and thy arrows,
Shooting swans upon the river,
Water-birds upon its borders ! "

Thus did Lemminkainen perish,
Perished thus the dauntless suitor,
Down in Tuoni's murky river,
Down in Manala's abysses. 460



Runoxv] Lemminkainen's Recovery 149



RUNG XV. LEMMINKAINEN'S RECOVERY AND RETURN

HOME

Argument

One day blood begins to trickle from the hair-brush at Lemmin-
kainen's home, and his mother at once perceives that death has overtaken
her son. She hastens to Pohjola and inquires of Louhi what has
become of him (l-ioo). The Mistress of Pohjola at length tells her on
what errand she has sent him, and the sun gives her full information
of the manner of Lemminkainen's death (101-194). Lemminkainen's
mother goes with a long rake in her hand under the cataract of Tuoni,
and rakes the water till she has found all the fragments of her son's
body, which she joins together, and succeeds in restoring Lemminkainen
to life by charms and magic salves (195-554). Lemminkainen then
relates how he perished in the river of Tuonela, and returns home with
his mother (555-650).

LEMMINKAINEN'S tender mother
In her home was always thinking,
" Where has Lemminkainen wandered,
Whereabouts is Kauko roaming,
For I do not hear him coming
From his world-extended journey ? "

Ah, the hapless mother knew not,
Nor the hapless one imagined,
Where her own flesh now was floating,
Where her own blood now was flowing; 10

If he tracked the fir-clad mountains,
Or among the heaths was roaming,
Or upon a lake was floating,
Out upon the foaming billows,
Or in some terrific combat,
In the most tremendous tumult,
With his legs with blood bespattered,
To the knees with blood all crimsoned.

Kyllikki, the lovely housewife,
Wandered round and gazed about her, 20

Through the home of Lemminkainen,
And through Kaukomieli's homestead ;



150 Kalevala [Runoxv

On the comb she looked at evening,
On the brush she looked at morning,
And at length one day it happened,
In the early morning hours,
Blood from out the comb was oozincr,

O*

From the brush was gore distilling.

Kyllikki, the lovely housewife,
Uttered then the words which follow : 30

11 Lo, my husband has departed,
And my handsome Kauko wandered
In a country void of houses,
And throughout some trackless desert.
Blood from out the comb is oozing,
Gore is from the brush distilling."

Then did Lemminkamen's mother
See herself the comb was bleeding,
And began to weep with sorrow.
" O alas, my day is wretched, 40

And my life is most unhappy,
For my son has met misfortune,
And my child all unprotected,
On an evil day was nurtured.
On the poor lad came destruction,
Lost is darling Lemminkainen,
From the comb the blood is trickling,
And the brush with blood is dripping."

In her hands her skirt she gathered,
With her arms her dress she lifted, 50

And at once commenced her journey,
Hurried on upon her journey.
Mountains thundered 'neath her footsteps,
Valleys rose and hills were levelled,
And the high ground sank before her,
And the low ground rose before her.

Thus to Pohjola she journeyed,
Asking where her son had wandered,
And she asked in words which follow :
" Tell me, Pohjola's old Mistress, 60

Whither sent you Lemminkainen,
Whither has my son departed ? "



Runoxvj Lemminkainen's Recovery 151

Louhi, Pohjola's old Mistress,
Then replied in words which follow :
" Of your son I know no tidings,
Where he went, or where he vanished.
In his sledge I yoked a stallion,
Chose him out a fiery courser.
Perhaps he sank in ice when rotten,