bid anatomy of the diseases of civil life; and pathological
pieces relating to the diseases of women and children, mal-
formations, and monstrosities. III. Microscopical Section^
including thin sections of diseased tissues or organs, suitably
mounted for microscopical study, and a variety of prepara-
tions exhibiting the minute anatomy of normal structures.
An interesting branch of this section is the success attained
in photo-micogniphy, tlie process by which the most delicate
microscopical preparations can bo photographed to a magni-
fying power of 4,500 diameters. IV. Anatomical Section^
embracing skeletons, separated crania, and other prepara-
tions of the anatomy of the human frame. The collection of
human crania, with a view to ethnological study, and espe-
cially relating to the aboriginal race of the United States, is
very complete, numbering about 1,000 specimens. V. Section
of Comparative Anatomy^ embracing over 1,000 specimens of
skeletons oi bufialo, deer, bear, and ol;her American mammals,
168 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
with birds; reptiles, and fishes. VI. Miscellaneous Section^
inchiding models of hospitals, barraclvs, ambulances, and
medicine wagons, a collection of sm^gical instruments, arti-
ficial limbs, and other articles of interest. The object of the
Museum is not to gratify public cm-iosity, but was founded
and is carried on in the interests of science. It is the finest
collection of the kind in the world, and is resorted to by sur-
gical and medical students and writers from all parts of the
United States and abroad. The original design of the Museum
was the collection of specimens illustrative of military surgery
and camp diseases for the education of medical men for mili-
tary service. The Medical and Surgical History of the War
was compiled from the records of the museum.
GOYEKI^MENT PRATING OFFICE.
The Government Printing Office and Bindery {open every
day^ except Sunday, from 8 a. m. to 5. p. m.) occupies an
L-shaped brick building, on the SW. corner of H and ISTorth
Capitol sts. The Office may be reached by the Columbia
Horse Railway. Visitors should alight and enter by the door
nearest N". Capitol st. There is also a public entrance on the
latter st. It will be necessary for strangers to state to the
watchman at either door that they desire to visit the build-
ing. The building measures 300 ft. on H st., and 175 ft. on
^N". Capitol St., and is 60 ft. deep and four stories high. The
building, without the addition of an extension of 60 ft. on the
W. end, and an L of 113 ft. on the E. end, made in 1871, was
purchased in 1860 by the Superintendent of Public Printing,
an oflice then created under authority of an act of Congress.
It had previously'" belonged to Cornelius Wendell, and was
then used as a printing oflSce, under the contract system.
The object of the purchase was tlie execution of tlie printing
and binding authorized by the Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives, the Executive and Judicial Departments, and the
Court of Claims. Connected with the main building are a
paper warehouse, machine shops, boiler and coal liouses,
wagon shed and stable.
On \\i<d first floor are the press, wetting, drying, and engine
rooms. The presses include a variety of patterns, and are
adapted to every species of work. There are 52 in all, from
the immense Bullock press to the small Gordon. On the
second floor are the composing-room, with 300 stands, the
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 169
proof-reading rooms, the electro and stereotype foundery, and
the otRces of the Congressional Printer. On tlie third floor
is the bindery, including embossing, ninnbering, paging, rul-
ing, stamping, stitching, marbling, and all other branches.
The process of marbling is particularly interesting. On the
fourth floor are the stitching and folding rooms and the Con-
gi'essional Record office, with a capacity of working 100 men.
The Record, containing the proceedings and debates of Con-
gress, now printed at the Public Printing Office, is issued
every day at 6 A. M. during the session of Congress. All
bills and reports, without regard to length, are delivered in
print to Congress the day following their presentation.
Tlie Public Printing Office is the largest establishment of
the kind in the world. The capacity for work is practically
without limit. Upwai'ds of 120,000 pages of documentary
composition and 1,000,000 volumes of that class of work have
been turned out in a single year. The finest works printed
here are the Medical and Surgical History of the War; the
reports of the Paris Exposition ; Astronomical Observations
of the Naval Observatory ; the Census of 1870 ; the Case of
the United States before the Tribunal of Arbitration at Gen-
eva, in English, French, and Portuguese ; prof essional papers
of the Bureau of Engineers, War Department ; the Darien
and Teliuantepec Ship-canal Expeditions; Haj^den's Final
Sm-veys ; Clarence King's Surveys of the 40th Parallel ; the
Coast Survey Reports ; and general Catalogues of the Libra-
ries of the United States and the Sm-geon General's Office.
Public Printers. — Superintendents^ 1853, J. T. Towers,
D. C; 1854, A. G. Seaman, Penn. ; 1858, G. W. Bowman,
Penn. ; 1860, John Heart, Penn.; 1861, J. D. Defrees, Ind. ;
1866, C. Wendell, N". Y. Congressional Printers— 1S67 , J.
D. Defrees, Ind. ; 1869, A. M. Clapp, :N". Y.
The office is divided into the Composing Department, H.
T. Brian, Foreman of Printing; Electro and Stereotj^ping,
A. Elliott, jr., Maurice Joyce; Bindery, J. H Roberts.
In 1852 the old contract system of public printing was
abolislied, and the office of Superintendent of Public Print-
ing for each House of Congress was created. The work,
though still executed hj contract, was then done under the
direction of those officers. In 1860 Congress took the public
printing in their owii hands, and in 1867 the office of Super-
intendent of Public Printing was abolished, and instead the
Senate of the United States was authorized to elect some
competent person, a practical printer, to take charge of the
Government Printing Office.
170 winder's building.
WINDER'S BUILDING.
This structure {open every day^ except Sunday^ from 9 a.
m. to 3 p. m.) is situated on the NW. corner of F and 17th sts.,
opposite the Navy Department. It was originally erected
for a hotel, and was purchased by the Government for the
accommodation of public offices. The first floor is occupied
principally by the Chief Engineer of the Army. The last
room, No. 2, on the corridor leading- to the r. after entering
is the Battle Record Room^ in which the reports of the battles
of the late war are filed and indexed. On the r. of the S.
corridor. No. 13, is a^Ze room for the papers belonging to the
Adjutant General's Office. The second floor, E. front, is
devoted to the Judge Advocate General of the Army^ and the
S. to the Orndance Ofice. The floors above are assigned to
the Second Auditor of the Treasury Department.
Ordnance Museum. — ( Open every day^ except Sunday^ from
9 a. m. to 3 p. m.) — This interesting military collection is on
the second floor, and may be reached hy ascending the steps
opposite the main door, and keeping the corridors to the r.,
passing through the door marked " Ordnance Office " to door
No. 49 on the r. at the farther end of the corridor ; crossing
this room and the connecting hall we enter the Museum,
which occupies a detached building. The collection occupies
two fine halls. The most conspicuous object on entering are
tlie captured Confederate flags. They are all more or less
associated with the battles of the late civil strife. The other
objects of interest are United States Army infantry and cav-
alry uniforms and accoutrements complete; section of an
oak, which stood inside the Confederate entrenchments near
Spottsjdvania C. H., and was cut down by musket balls in
the attempt to recapture the works earned by 2d Corps A.
P., May 12, 1864; Jefferson Davis' rifle, a French piece,
talien at the time of his capture in 1865 ; artillery, cavalry,
and infantry accoutrements used in the U. S. Army from the
earliest' date; cheveaux-de-frise from front of Petersburg,
Va. ; models and drawings of arsenals ; fuses for exploding
shells and cannon ; shells picked up on the battle-flelds ; cart-
ridge bags for field, siege, and sea-coast artillery, the largest
containing 100 lbs. ; projectiles of various sizes, both spherical
and rifled, the largest being 20 in. in diameter, and weigliing
1,000 R)s. ; portable cavalry forge and tools complete ; Gat-
ling guns of various sizes, including the ''Camel" gun
mounted on tripod, and of whicli large numbers are in use
in Egypt ; a Billinghurst and Requia battery ; a Union or
CITY HALL. 171
"coffee-mill" gun ; a steel Whit worth gun, one of a battery
from loyal Americans in Europe to the United States in 1861 ;
tlie carriage of a 4 lb. cannon, formerly the property of the
city of Vicksburg, fired at a passing steamer several days
before any guns were fired at United States forts or troops
at Charleston or Pensacola — the- gun is at West Point ; breech
loaders captured at Richmond ; confederate projectiles ;
models complete, showing mountings of guns in casemate
and barbette, also mortars; a gun mounted on a saddle;
models of field and siege artillery, caissons, forges, and bat-
tery wagons used in the U. S. Army; life-size models of
horse artillery equipments, ordnance rockets, and fireworks.
On the second floor is the Museum of small arms, in which
can be traced then- history from the beginning, and practically
illustrating the stages of advancement. American breech-load-
ing and repeating tu-e-arms, from the first invented in the Uni-
ted States, about 1831 . Patterns of arms manufactured by con-
tract during the war, called "contract arms." Models of latest
breech-loaders. A muzzle-loader which fires two cartridges
from one barrel. A set of rifles, from flintlocks to most ap-
proved patterns. Muskets, rifles, and carbines, breech and
muzzle-loading, captin*ed from the confederates. Materials
used in the composition of powder. Suit of armor of 1610.
Cuirass and helmet from the battle-field of Sedan, the former
partly pierced by a bullet, and the latter showing a severe
sabre cut. Also horse pistol, flintlock, bayonets and swords
fi-om the same field ; cavalry equipments. Bavarian cuirasses,
foreign cavalry equipments, patterns of foreign arms, case of
Indian war clubs, swivels, arquebuses, case of pistols and re-
volvers, Japanese two-handed sword, worn by Kondo, a pro-
vincial ofiicer of Japan, upon his visit to the United States in
1871, who being convinced of the uselessness of the ancient
custom of wearing two swords, presented it to Arinori Mori,
charge d'affau-es, who, in turn, presented it to the museum ;
three wall pieces manufactured during the earliest use of gun-
powder ; two racks of pistols, some of early date ; case of artil-
lery and cavalry sabres of different styles and dates ; case of
captured confederate sabres ; cases representing the various
periods of the manufacture of small-arm cartridges ; rack of
old patterns of swords.
CITY HALL.
The City Hall, until 1871, occupied jointly by the munici-
pal government of Washington and the United States Courts
172 ARSENAL.
for the District of Columbia, in 1873, by purchase, became the
sole property of the United States, and is now entirely devoted
to judicial purposes. The structure stands on the S. line of
Judiciary Square, fronting 4^ st. W., and at the intersection
of Louisiana and Indiana avs. In the open space in front is
a marble column surmounted by a statue of Lincoln by Lot
Flannery, a self-taught sculptor. It was erected out of the
contributions of a number of patriotic citizens. Tlie building
was commenced in 1820, from plans by George Hadfield, the
architect of the Capitol. The E. wing was finished in 1826,
and the W. in 1849. It is two stories, 47 ft. high, and con-
sists of a recessed centre 150 ft. long, with two projecting
wings, each 50 ft. front and 166 ft. deep. The entire frontage
is 250 ft. The structure is built of freestone painted white.
In tlie centre of the main building, and in each wing, are re-
cessed porticos, formed of Doric columns. Between the wings
is a paved space.
AKSEN"AL.
The arsenal {open from sunrise to sunset) occupies a tract of
45 a. at the extreme S. point of the city. It is accessible by
the 9th-st. line of the Metropolitan horse railway^ the terminus
of which is near the gate, at the foot of 4^ st. W. The tract
originally comprised 28^ a., and included the point of land at
the confluence of the Potomac and Anacostia rivers, extend-
ing from the former stream to the mouth of James Creek,
and IS", to T st. S. In 1857 it was extended, by the purchase
of the adjoining land on the jST., (16 a.,) between the Potomac
and the James Creek Canal, to P. st. S.
The grounds are laid out in walks and drives, and entered
through a gateway consisting of iron gates swung on 32 and
24-pdr. cannon. The guard room is on the 1., and on the
r. is a 15-in. Rodman gun, and below a pendulum house, in
which is a pendulum balance for testing the force of gun-
powder. The Chief of Ordnance resides at the end of the
main drive, in the large building on the 1., and opposite are
officers' quarters. The old quarters and shops are at the S.
extremity of the grounds, about | m., where there is also a
grove of oaks, hickory, and American beech. The distance
from the commanding officer's quarters to Pennsylvania av.
is 2 m. In front of the old quarters are a number of captured
cannon and mortars, among which are two Blakely guns, one
inscribed, "Presented to tlie sovereign State of South Caro-
lina, by one of her citizens residing abroad, in commemora-
ARSENAL. 173
tion of the 20 of Dec, I860;" a brass gun with a ball m the
muzzle, shot there in the battle of Gettysburg ; guns surren-
renclered by the British by the Convention of Saratoga, Oct.
17, 1777 ; French guns taken at the battle of Niagara, July
25, 1814; a 64 pounder captured at Vera -Cruz, j\Iarch 29,
1847 ; and guns captured from Cornwallis at Yorktown, Oct.
19, 1781 : also a number of small guns and mortars, some of
date 1756. In 1826 tlie United States Penitentiarj^, designed
by Bullfinch, was commenced on tlie present I^. portion of
these grounds. It was completed in 1829. The body of
Booth, the assassin of President Lincoln, was landed at the
small wharf at the lower end of the grounds, and was buried
in one of the lower cells of the penitentiary. The other con-
sph'ators were buried in the same building. When the peni-
tentiary was torn down, these bodies were taken up and
reinterred in one of the storehouses. They have all since
been removed. In 1865 the body of Wnz, the keeper of the
Andersonville prison, was also brought here, after the execu-
tion at the Old Capitol. It is now buried in Mt. Olivet ceme-
tery. Tlie grounds afford a delightful stroll or drive, with
the broad Potomac on the W. and the James Creek Canal on
theE.
In the arsenal buildings are stored guns of various sizes,
shot and shell, artillery implements and equipments, cavalry
and infantry accoutrements, and small arniis. There are also
officers' quarters, barracks, hospitals, bakeries, stables, and
machine, carpenter, blacksmith, and painters' shops, lumber
storehouses, and two magazines for fixed ammunition and
small-arm cartridges. The principal magazines are on the
Anacostia. A detachment and three ofiicers of the ordnance
corps are on duty.
In 1803 a military station was established on the Arsenal
gromids. In 1807 shops were erected. In 1812 x^owder was
stored here. In 1813 it became a regular depot of supplies.
In 1814 it was destroyed by the British. A number of the
latter were killed by the explosion of powder secreted in a
well near the quarters. In 1815 it was rebuilt under Col.
George Bomford. In 1816 buildings were erected by the
Ordnance Department. The station was under command
of M. Villard, a Frencli officer, who came to the United
States with Lafayette. During the rebellion, 1861-'65, the
Arsenal was the depot of ordnance supplies for the Army of
the Potomac. Large quantities of ammunition and gun car-
riages were made here. In 1864 twenty-one girls were killed
in an explosion of one of the laboratories. Since the war the
grounds liave been beautified.
174 NAVY -YARD.
NAVY-YARD.
The Navj'-Yard {open every day^ except Sunday^ from 7 a.
m. to sunset^} is situated on the Aiiacostia, | m. SE. of the
Capitol, 8th st. E. terminating at the entrance. It may be
reached from the W. portions of the city in the red cai^s of
tlie Pennsylvania av. st. railway. The otficer of the marine
guard at the gate will pass visitors. Tlie present grounds
comprise about 27 a., and are entered by a stone gateway, in
Doric style, over whicli are small cannon-and-ball embellish-
ments, and in the centre a well-executed eagle, resting on an
anchor. Inside, on the r., is the guard-room, and opposite
the officers' room. An avenue runs S. from the entrance to
the building occupied by tlie Commandant's and other offices
of the yard. The Executive officer's room is on the second
floor, and from whom a permit may be obtained, which will
admit the bearer to any part of the yard, in the worlvshops,
and on board any monitors in the stream.
Immediately within the entrance, on either side of the
avenue, are two large guns, captured in 1804, by Commodore
Decatur from two Tripolitan gunboats. The buildings on
the 1. and r. are the officers' quarters : those of the Com-
mandant being on the 1. On tlie 1. of the main avenue are
the storehouses, copper-works, &c. ; and on the r. the foundry,
machine, and other shops. S. of the Commandant's building
are a number of cannon and projectiles: among tlie former
two of 1686 and 1767 date, captured at Norfolk, Va., 1862;
several Austrian and French guns, and two Austrian howit-
zers, rifled, captured on the steamer Columbia in 1862.
On the river bank are two ship-houses E. and W. Near
the E. is the boat-house, from which a boat may be taken to
the monitors, if anj% in the sti-eam. More to the W. lies the
receiving-ship, the W. ship-house, and a water batter}^ The
large building crowning the hill on the opposite side of the
river is the National Asjdum for the Insane. The view down
the river is very flne. In the W. part of the yard is the Ord-
nance-shop and Laboratory. The avenue leading back to-
wards the main entrance passes near the Museum, {op>enfrom
9 a. m. to 4: p. m.) On either side of the door are a number of
projectiles of the largest size. Among these a 20-in. shot,
weighing 1,048 lbs. The gun is on the Eip-raps, Hampton
Roads. Here may be seen a number of relics and other ob-
jects of interest : among which, on the first floor^ are a Span-
ish gun, cast about 1490, brought to America by Cortez, and
used in the conquest of Mexico ; a Spanish gun captured by
Commodore Stockton in California in 1847 ; an old-style re-
NAVY- YARD. 175
NAVY-YARD.
peater ; a small mortar, captured from Lord Oornwallis ; a
section of the stenipost of the Kearsarge, showing a shell,
which did not explode, fired into it by the Alabama ; confed-
erate torpedoes, taken out of southern harbors ; submarine
rockets; models of projectiles, and a very interesting col-
lection of those wiiicli had been fired. On the second floor
are principally small arms ; models of cannon ;*a model of the
ordnance dock, Brooklyn ; brass swivels, one very old, said
to have belonged to Cortez ; a telescope rifle ; two blunder-
busses, and cases of rifles and pistols. Tiie walls and ceil-
ings are artistically decorated with pikes, cutlasses, sabres,
and pistols.
History.— On Oct. 30, 1799, the selection of a site for the
IS'avj^-Yard was brought to the attention of the commission-
ers, and led to considerable correspondence with Naval Agent
"William Marbury. The ground best suiced for tliat purpose
lay on the Anacostia, a short distance above its confluence
with the Potomac, on land owned by Messrs. Carroll and
Prout. On Dec. 3, 1799, the Secretary of the I^^yj gave
orders to lay the ground out. The yard, however, was not
formall}'^ established till the passage of the act of March, 1804.
In those early days it was unrivalled. Such famous vessels
as the Wasp, Argus, the brig Viper, the Essex, the schoon-
ers Shark and G-rampus, the sloop of war St. Louis, 24 guns,
and frigates Columbia, Potomac, and Brandywine, 44 guns
each, were built here. In 1837 it was proposed to establish a
176 MARINE BARRACKS.
naval school at the yard. Of late years the yard has lost its
prommence for naval constrnction, owins; to the greater fa-
cilities presented by more recently-established stations, and
the tilling np of the channel. In 1816 a ship of the line conid
anchor here. The yard is now one of the most important for
the manufactm'e of naval snpplies.
IMAKIlSrE BARRACKS.
A short distance IST. of the ISTavy-Yard gate, on the E. side
of 8th St. E., between G and I sts. S., are the Marine Barracks.
The Pennsylvania av. cars (red) for the ISTavy-Yard pass the
iron gate, which is the general entrance. Visitors are admit-
ted from 9 a. m, till sundown^ but can be passed before that
time by the officer of the day. The barracks have a frontage
of 700 feet. The centre building, used for officers' quarters,
is two stories high, and the wings are one story, with accom-
modations for 200 men. The offices of the generil staff are
opposite, on 9th st. E. On the IST. of the square aie the quar-
ters of the Brigadier General and Commandant of the Marine
Corps, and opposite, on the S., is the armory and hospital.
In the former are some interesting Marine Corps flags. One
bears the inscription "From Tripoli to the Halls of the Mon-
tezumas" by land and sea; also, a Corean flag captured in
battle.
The most interesting occasion for a visit would be at the
time of general inspection on any Monday, weather permit-
ting, at 10 a. m., when the Marines and their excellent band
may be seen in full parade. Every day at 8 a. m. in summer
and 9 a. m. in winter, there is guard mount, the band per-
forming. The barracks were burnt by the British in 1814,
but were immediately rebuilt. Recruits are sent here for in-
struction before being detailed for service on the vessels of the
N'avy.
The Marine Corps was organized in 1798 as an adjunct to
the naval establishment, theii placed under an independent
administration. The corps lias participated, with glory to
its officers and men, in all the brilliant achievements which
have characterized the operations of the Kavy of the United
States whenever called upon to vindicate the honor of the na-
tion. On land the corps has borne itself nobly; and against
greatly superior numbers and overcoming grave obstacles,
has invariably returned with fresh laurels. In the Tripolitan
and Mexican wars, in their participation in the attack on Fort
MAGAZINES. 177
Fisher, in their desperate conflict on the coast of Corea against
overwhelming numbers of the barbarous enemy, and in re-
peated retaliatory landings on the shores of Asiatic countries
and islands of the Pacific, their discipline and bravery have
won for them a bright page in the nation's history. The
headquarters of the corps are appropriately at the National
Capital, being established at the Marine Barracks. The com-
mandant or superior officer holds the rank of brigadier gen-
eral; there are also 1 colonel, 2 lieutenant colonels. 4 majors,
20 captains, and an increased number of lieutenants. The
numerical strength of the corj)s by law^ is 2,500 men. *
MAGAZINES.
The Army and Navy Magazines, to which there is no ad-
mittance, occupy about 6 a. in the S. part of reservation No.
13, or Hospital Square, situated in the extreme E. part of the
city on the Anacostia. They consist of fom* brick buildings,
the two for the Army on the N., and those for the Navy on
the S., with a capacity of 2,000 bbls. each. The grounds are
tastefully laid out. A sergeant and private and a small detach-
ment of marines are on duty. The wharf at the foot of the
grounds is used exclusively for the discharge or shipment of
powder. In 1873 the Bellville farm, of 90 a., on Oxen creek,
with a frontage on the Potomac nearly opposite Alexandria,
was purchased for the Naval Magazine, which will be remov-
ed from its present location.
The large quantities of powder usually stored in these
magazines occasions great uneasiness to the inhabitants of