pal Church, to include the cities of Washington and George-
town, was formed out of St. John's and Stl'Paul's Parishes.
The parish of Christ Church was next created, and the
church edifice near tlie N'avy Yard was erected about 1800.
For sixteen years it was the only Episcopal place of worship
in the city, it was attended by Jefterson and Madison. Ser-
vices are still held in the same structure. The first Presby-
terian church services were held in 1793, in the carpenter
shop used by the joiners at work on the President's House.
The first Baptist church began worship in 1802, and com-
menced a building on the corner of I and 19th sts. NW. in
1803. The first Presbyterian church on F st. was established
in 1803, services being first held in the hall of the Treasury
building. In 1826 their new building was completed. St.
Patrick's, Roman Catholic, was established in 1810. A
Methodist church was erected near the ISTavy Yard in 1805,
but meetings had been held in the city before. St. Jolni's
Episcopal Church, on the NE. corner of 16th and H sts.
HALLS.
WW. J opposite Lafayette Square, was erected in 1816, from
designs % Latrobe, the architect of the Capitol. In 1820 it
was enlarged, and its original form, a Greek cross, was,
changed to a Latin, and a portico and steeple added. Among
those who attended services here were Presidents Madison,
Monroe, and Jackson, and the diplomatic representatives of
England. The first Unitarian church, on 6th and D sts.
NW., fronting on Louisiana av., was erected in 1824.
HALLS.
There are a number of halls in various parts of the city.
Masonic Temple is on the NW. corner of F and 9th sts.
ISTW., entrance on F st., and was erected by the Masonic Hall
Association. The corner-stone was laid in 1868. The build-
ing is of granite and Connecticut and iSTova Scotia freestone,
and cost $200,000. The two exposed faces are tastefully en-
riched with an appropriate introduction of Masonic symbols.
The ground-floor is occupied by stores, and the second by a
public hall, 100 by 48 ft. and 25 ft. high, and retiring rooms.
The hall has been the scene of some of the most brilliant
balls and State sociables given at the capital. In the third
story are the Blue Lodges of Masonry, and in the fourth the
Eoyal Arch Chapters aiid Commanderies. The furniture and
fittings of the lodges are of superior quality, and are unsur-
passed in any similar place in the country. A lodge of Ma-
sons was established in the earliest days of the capital. Prior
to 1816 there were two which assembled in a building on the
borders of the river. Under the pavement of the Temple, on
the S. front, is what was formerly known as the Citij Spring^
Odd Pellows' Hall, situated on 7th st. W., bet. D and E
sts. The earlier building was dedicated in 1846, and erected
out of funds subscribed by the lodges and members meeting
in the central part of the city. It was remodeled in 1873. It
has a granite base and pressed-brick superstructure, with gal-,
vanized-iron pilasters, jambs, caps, and cornice, and is sur-
mounted by three domes, that in the centre raised above the
others. The groimd-floor is occupied by stores. The stair-
way at the main enti'ance leads to the main hall, on the sec-
ond floor. The hall is 100 by 40 ft. and 22 ft. high, and fitted
with a stage of 21 ft. additional, at the E. end. It is princi-
pally designed for balls, concerts, and lectures. Adjoining
NEWSPAPER OFFICES. 199
are ladies' retiring and gentlemen's cloak-rooms. The third
floor contains two lodge and one Encampment rooms. The
Library^ on the same floor, for tlie use of members of the
Order and their families, contains a fine collection of books.
The first Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows
was established in the District of Columbia in 1827 ; the
Grand Lodge followed in 1828.
Lincoln Hall, — This fine structure stands on the iSTE. cor-
ner of 9th and D sts. NW. It is built of Seneca brownstone,
with iron trimmings, is three stories high, surmounted by a
Mansard roof. The corner-stone on the SW. bears the in-
stription, " Y. M. C. A., isTov. xxvii, mdccclxvii. Jeho-
vah JiREH." The building was erected by a joint stock
company chartered by act of Congress in 1867, and was com-
pleted in 1869, at a cost of $200,000. On the ground floor are
stores. There are two entrances to the upper floors : the main
one to the Library and Reading Room and Lincoln Hall on
D St. ; the smaller, on 9th st.
The Free Reading Raom and Library and the Parlors of the
Association {ojjen to the public every day except Sunday^ from
9 a. m. to 10 p, m.) are on tiie second floor under the Hall, en-
trances on both sts. The Library contains about 17,000 vols.,
including the leading secular and religious newspapers of the
country. The Washington City Library, founded in 1814,
has been consolidated with it.
On the same floor is LiuGoln Hall, the finest lecture or con-
cert hall in the city, which will seat about 1,300 people.
During each winter a course of lectures is given under the
auspices of the Association. In its scientific course, tlie As-
sociation is aided by the Smithsonian Institution. In addition
to Lincoln Hall there is a smaller hall, used for religious and
social gatherings of the Young Men's Christian Association,
which are held twice daily, at noon and 6 p. m. Open to all.
Willard's Hall, on F st., between 14th and loth sts. W.,
also aflbrds excellent accommodations for concerts or theatri-
cals.
NEWSPAPER OFFICES.
The buildings occupied bj^ two of the principal newspapers
of the city will compare favorably in completeness, if not m
size, with the best structures of the kind in the country.
200 NEWSPAPER OFFICES.
The National Republican Printing Office stands on the SW.
corner of Pennsylvania av. and 13th st. NW. It was designed
by Henry E.. Searle, of Washington, architect, and commenced
in 1870. It measures 49 ft. front on the av. and 71 ft. depth
on 13th St. It has an elevation of 100 ft. above the basement
to the top of the tower, and is divided into live stories, includ-
ing the French roof. It is built of point-dressed Seneca stone,
from the Potomac, and rock-faced Ohio stone. The latter is
used in the pilasters, belt, and sill courses, window arches,
and cornices. In front of the second and fourth stories, on
Pennsylvania av., are two Ohio-stone balconies, 16 ft. wide,
with a projection of 5 ft., supported by hea^y stone brackets.
The first story above the basement is built of solid alternate
courses of Seneca and Ohio stone, and is topped with a heavy
Ohio stone cornice. Tlie remaining stories to the cornice
under the roof are Seneca stone, with Ohio stone trimmings.
The arches of the windows of each story differ, the first, sec-
ond, and third having segment heads of different patterns,
and the fourth a lialf-circle. Surmounting the entire struc-
ture is a modern double pitch French roof, slated, and broken
in towers, and dormer windows on each street. Below the
roof is a cornice of galvanized iron, and above a cresting of
the same material. Over the K. dormer window is a clock,
surmounted by a gilded eagle 16 ft. from tip to tip, and carry-
ing in its beak a shield, upon which is the monogram N^. K.
There is a Hag staff" of 60 ft. on the roof.
Tliere are entrances reached by granite steps on both streets.
The building is fitted up with every convenience for the em-
ployees, is supplied with hydrants and fire-cocks on every
fioor, and is heated by steam. The lower stories are fire-proof.
The Chronicle Building is situated on Pennsylvania av., S.
side, No. 914, between 9'th and 10th sts. W. It was erected
in 1873, from designs by T. M. Plowman; has a frontage of
25 ft. and depth of 107 ft. to C St., \\\t\\ a basement and su-
perstructure of 5 stories. Tlie front is of iron, faced with
columns. Presses are on the first fioor, editorial rooms on
the second, job office on the third, bindery fourth, and com-
posing-room on the fifth. Tlic ofiice possesses all the latest
improvements of an establishment of the kind.
The Evening Star newspaper company have also in con-
templation the erection of a fine building in a desirable local-
ity on Pennsylvania av. in the central part of the city. The
selection of a site has been under consideration, and it is pro-
posed to erect a building which, in exterior proportions and
design, will be an ornament to the city, and its interior ar-
rangement one of the most complete printing offices in the
country.
SCHOOLS. 201
SCHOOLS.
The Public Schools are among the promhient features of the
National Capital. Of the builclino'S are the Franklin^ 1st dis-
trict, cor. 13th and K sts. NW., bricli, 148 X 79 ft., basement
and three stories, erected in 1869, and contains 14 school-rooms.
This is said to be one of the linest school buildings in the Uni-
ted States. The Seaton^ 2d district, on I, bet. 2d and 3d sts.
NW., brick, 94 X 67 feet, basement and 3 stories, erected in
1871. The Wallach, 3d district, Pennsylvania av., bet. 7th
and 8th sts. SE., brick, 99 X 76 ft., basement and three sto-
ries, erected in 1864. The Jefferson^ 4th district, cor. of 6th
and D sts. SW., brick, 172 X 88 ft, basement and 3 stories,
with 20 school-rooms, erected in 1872. This is the largest
school building in the city. It will accommodate 1,200 pupils.
It is named after Thomas Jefterson, President of the United
States, a member of the Board of Trustees of the Public
Schools of Washington, and president of the same 1805-'08.
There are also fine grounds.
In the four school districts there are 43 school buildings,
owned or rented by the city. The oldest still standing was
erected in 1800 for a stable, cor. 14th and G sts. NW.
The Colored Schools are distinct from those attended by
white children. Prior to 1862 there were no colored public
schools. Subsequently the schools were under charitable
associations of the North.
The fii'st building was erected in 1866, on the square now
occupied by the Sumner building.
The Sumner Building^ on the NE. corner of M and 17th
sts. NW., was completed in 1872, at a cost of $70,000. It is
94 ft. long, by 69 ft. wide, and has a basement, 3 stories, and
a trussed roof. In it are 10 school-rooms. There are 13
public schools for colored children.
The annual expenditures are about $318,000, One third
of this sum is set apart for colored schools. The total school
population is 17,403. In 1805 the revenues for the support
of schools were derived from tlie net proceeds of taxes on
slaves, dogs, licenses for carriages and hacks, ordinaries and
taverns, selling wines and spirits, billiard tables, hawkers
and pedlers, theatres and other public amusements. In 1806
there Avere the E. and W. academies. In 1826 the schools
were supported hy lottery. There is now a school tax. The
public schools were quartered in rented rooms, prior to the
dedication of the Wallach building, in 1864.
302 ASYLUMSL.
ASYI.UMS.
There are, a h umber of publio and private institutions for the
destitute and sick.
Naval Hospital {open after 12 noon^ during the week^ if no
severe cases) occupies the square between 9th and 10th sts.
E. and E st. S. and Pennsylvania av. It is accessible from
the Pennsylvania av. street cars (red) for the Navy Yard, at
E St. The hospital is under the Bureau of Medicine and
Surgery of the Navy department, and is open to officers and
men of the uavy and marine corps. The building consists
of a three-story brick edifice, with mansard, and possesses
accommodations for 50 patients. There is a reading-room for
convalescents. A medical director in the navy is in charge.
Naval discipline is observed.
National Soldiers' and Sailors^ Orphan Home, on G st. be-
tween 17th and 18th sts. NW., (ope/i to visitors every day^
except Sunday^ after 9 a. m.,) was incorporated by Congress
in 1866, and is supported by Government appropriations. It
is under the direction of a Board of Lady Managers, and is for
the support and education of the orphans of the national sol-
diers or sailors who were killed or died of wounds in the re-
bellion of 1861-'6o. No applicants are received younger than
6 years, nor retained after 16 years.
Columbia Hospital for Women, and Lying-in Asylum,
incorporated 1866, {visiting days Tuesdays and Fridays^ from,
10 a. m. to 4 p. m.,) is on the corner of L and 25th sts. NW.
The general wards for 50 patients are free to the wives of sol^
diers, on the permit of the Surgeon General ; to women of
other States, on permit of the Secretary of the Interior ; and
to women of the District, on permit of the Governor. There
are also private rooms and special wards for 30 patients, for
the use of which a small compensation is required. Connected
with the hospital is an operating room^ used for free patients
only, and open every Saturday at 3.30 p. m., to students of
medicine in the District. In the W. wing is a dispensary^
open every day, where the poor receive medicines and treat-
ment free. The institution is principally supported by the
National Government.
Washington Asylum {open every day^ except Sunday) is sit-
uated in the extreme E. portion of the city, on the public
reservation, No. 17, laid out for the purpose. It may be
reached in 15 min. along C st. S., leaving the Pennsylvania
ASYLUMS. 203
av. street cars (red) at that point. The institution combines
an asylum for the poor of the District, and a work-house for
persons convicted in the police courts of minor crimes except
theft. There are accommodations in the brick buildino;s for
180 persons. The first building was erected in 1815, but the
present one in 1859. On the N. istlie District jail, and S. the
District nurseries, and beyond, the Army and Navy maga-
zines. About J m. distant, SW., is the "Congressional"
Cemetery.
Louise Home, (open to visitors every day^ except Sunday^
after 12 noon^) erected in 1871, was the gift of Mr. Corcoran.
It is situated on Massachusetts av., bet. 15th and 16th sts.
W. Its design is for gentlewomen of education and refine-
ment, but reduced to poverty. It is named after the wife
and daughter of Mr. Corcoran, both deceased. The build-
ing, a commodious structure, was erected and furnished un-
der the personal supervision of Mr. Corcoran, and, with the
grounds, cost $200,000, and has accommodations for 55 per-
sons. The institution is under tiie direction of a board of
trustees, and has an endowment of $250,000. The inmates
are invited by the board of directresses.
ProYidence General Hospital, cor. 2d and D sts. SE., {open
every day ^ from 10 to 12 a m, and 2 to 4 p. m.) The hospital
is owned and under the care of the Sisters of Charity. It
was founded in 1862, incorporated in 1864, and the present
building commenced in 1867. It is about 280 ft. long, of
brick, and will accommodate 250 patients. Towards the
erection of the building, tlirough Thaddeus Stevens, of Penn.,
Congress appropriated $30,000. There is now an annual ap-
propriation for 75 non-resident paupers. Indigent persons
receive permits from the Surgeon General of the Army, but
any one applying is taken in. The accommodations for pay
patients are very superior. There is a medical staff" of 12
pliysicians; also, a reading-room, library, chapel, and oper-
ating-room.
The "Washington City Orphan Asylum, on I, bet. 2d and 3d
sts. ]^W.. was founded in 1815, Dolly P. Madison, wife of the
President of the United States, being first directress and jSIts.
Van ]^ess second. It was incorporated in 1828, and the cor-
ner-stone of the first building was laid by Mrs. Van Ness on
Mausoleum square, on H, bet. 9th and 10th sts. NW., the
biu'ial-ground of the Burns family. The building is now oc-
cupiedby the St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. It is under
the direction of the benevolent ladies of the city. The present
204 ASYLUMS. j
building is but temporarily occupied, that erected for the per- |
manent use of the Asylum being now rented bj'' the Depart- i
ment of State.
Ohildren's Hospital, on E, bet. 8th and 9th sts. ISTW., (visit-
ing clays Sundays^ Tuesdays^ and Fridays^ from 3 to op. m.,)
incorporated in 1871. It is under the patronage of benevo-
lent ladies and gentlemen, of the city, and has for its object
the free provision of surgical and medical treatment for the
helpless children of the District between the ages of 15 mos.
and 15 yrs. Admissions through the Board Physicians. The
sick of the City Orphan Asylum are also treated here. There
is a free dispensary connected with the hospital, open to all
every day except Sunday, from 12 m. to 3 p. m.
St. Jolm's Hospital, for children, [visiting days Mondays
and Thursdays^ from 2 to 5 p. m.,) on I, bet. 20th and 21st
sts. KW., is under the St. John's Sisterhood of the Episcopal
Church. The Hospital will shortly occupy its new premises,
on H, bet. 19th and 20th sts. NW. *
St. Ann's Infant Asylum, founded in 1863, is on the corner
of K and 24th sts. IS" W., (visiting days Thursdays, from 2 to 5
p. m.) It is under the management of the Sisters of Charity,
and for the children, under 5 years, of the poor. There is a
lying-in hospital attached.
St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum, founded in 1855, {visit-
ing days Saturdays, from 2 to op. wi.,) on H, bet. 9th and 10th
sts. NW., is under the care of the Sisters of the Holy Cross.
The male children at St. Ann's, arriving at 5 years of age,
are sent here. The building previously belonged to the
Washington City Orphan Asylum, and was purchased m
1866.
St, Vincent's Pemale Orphan Asylum, founded in 1831,
{visiting every day, except Saturday and Sunday, bet. 9 and 11
a. m.,) is on the SW. cor. of H and 10th sts. N'W. It is under
the care of the Sisters of Charity. To this are transferred the
female children at St. Ann's arriving at 5 years of age.
A branch of this asylum, St. Bose^s Orphan Home, estab-
lished in 1871, and owned and cared for by the Sisters of
Charity, is situated on G, bet. 20th and 21st sts. IS'W. Here
the children, 13 years of age, are sent and taught a trade.
It is open at any time, and sewing of all kinds for ladies and
children is taken.
The Epiphany Church Home is on H, bet. 14th and 15th
sts. ^Y.
CEMETERIES. 205
The Home for the Aged, under the Little Sisters of tlie
Poor, is oil tlie jSTW cor. of 3d and H sts. oS^E.
CEMETERIES.
Two squares, known as the Eastern and Western Burial-
grounds, were originall}^ allotted by the Government for
the interment of the dead. The E. Burial-ground has been
removed. The W. Burial-ground, known as the Holmead
Cemetery, on 19th st. W., between S. and T. sts. iST., is still
in use. The oldest gravestones still standing are in the IS".
portions, ranging from 1807 to 1811. In this Cemetery are
the remains of the religious enthusiast, Lorenzo Dow. His
grave is on the jS. borders of the grounds, and about the
centre from E. to W. A picket fence closely surrounds
the slab, upon which is the inscription : "The repository of
Lorenzo Dow, who was born in Coventrj^, Conn., Oct. 18,
1777. Died February 2, 1834. Aged 56. A Christian is the
highest style of a man : he is a slave to no sect ; takes no
private road to Heaven; but looks through nature up to
nature's God." The Cemetery is much neglected.
Oongressional (or Washington Parish) Cemetery, {open
every day^ except Simday^) is situated in the extreme SE.
portion of tlie city, on tlie banks of the Anacostia, and is
accessible from the Washington and Georgetown Street Rail-
way, along E St. S. from 8th st. E., distant ^ m. The Cem-
etery, laid out in 1807, originally comprised about 10 a., but
subsequent extensions have increased it to 30 a. The name
Congressional originated from the fact that a number of sites
are set apart for the interment of members of Congress, in
return for Government donations of land and money. The
small freestone cenotaphs, to the memory of deceased mem-
bers of Congress, form a conspicuous feature. The grounds
are adorned with drives, walks, trees, shrubs, evergreens,
and a large fountain.
The oldest graves lie l!T. of the lodge and a few feet S. of
the iron railing, and are of William, Maiy, and James Math-
ers, 1804-5. Near the superintendent's lodge is the grave of
Commodore Tiiigey, second in command to Commodore
Decatur in the Algerine Avar. In the NE. portion lies George
Clinton, of New York, Vice President of the United States,
died in 1811. A few feet distant lies Elbridge Gerry, of Mass-
206 CEMETERIES.
achnsetts, signer of the Declaration of Independence and
Vice President of the tJjiited States, died in 1814. Tliis
monument was erected by act of Con^^ress. N'ot far off is
the grave of Tobias Lear, private secretary and friend of
Grcorge Washington, died in 1816. ISTear by are the graves
of John Forsytli, Secretary of State, and Commodore^Mont-
gomery. On the 1. of the wallv is tlie monument of Pus-raa-
ta-ha, a Choctaw chief, the white man's friend, who died at
Washington in 1824. Further on is the monument to Wil-
ham Wirt, Attorney Grcneral of the United States 1817-1829,
died 1834. On the 1. of the carriage road, near the fountain,
is the grave of General Alexander Macomb, Commander-in-
chief of the United States Army, who died 1841. This mon-
ument is a handsome piece of workmanship, appropriately
embellislied and inscribed. A few feet off stands a broken
shaft over the remains of Major General Jacob Brown, Com-
mander-in-chief of the United States Army, died 1828.
In the same vicinity is a monument to Abel Parker Up-
shur, Secretary of the l^avy 1841, Secretary of State 1843,
died 1844, and Captain Kennon, killed by the explosion of
the great gun on board the United States frigate Princeton.
A few paces off stands the collossal monument to Joseph
Lovel, Surgeon General of the United States Army, died
1836. ISTear by is the monument erected to Major General
George Gibson, U. S. A., Commissary General of Subsist-
ence, 1861, and to Frederick Rogers, midshipman in the
United States Navy, drowned at Norfolk, Ya., 1828, while
making efforts to save Midshipmen Slidell and Harrison, his
friends and companions in life and death.
Among others are the Wainwright family, consisting of
Commodore Richard Wainwright, Bvt. Lt. Col. R. Auch-
matty Wainwright, Bvt. Lt. Col. Robert DeWar, of the
United States IS'avy. All of these lie in the WaiuA^Tight
vault, in the southern extremity of the grounds. In the S.
portion is the tomb of Alexander Dallas Bache, Superin-
tendent of United States Coast Survey service. Also a mar-
ble monument, representing a brolven ship's mast, to George
Mifflin Bache, of the brig Washington, and his associates,
who perished at sea on September 3, 1846, in a hurricane.
'Not far distant is the monument erected to the young ladies
killed by the arsenal explosion. The remains of George
Watterson, one of the early Librarians of Congress, lie in
the vault bearing his name.
In another part are about 1 00 sites purchased by the Ma-
sonic fraternit}''. This fraternity purchased these sites for
the benefit of the craft who should die in indigent circumi-
stances.
DISTRICT GOVERNMENT. 207
The vaTilts and lots of some of the oldest citizens of the
District are also in this cemetery.
The public vault, erected by Con^-ess, lies SE. of the
entrance, about the centre of the cemetery. It is a massive
striicture, entered by an iron door, which leads through a
passage to a second iron door^
DISTKICT GOVEENMENT.
The offices of the Mayor and Councils of the corporation
of Washington, previous to the abolition of the municipal and
the adoption of the territorial form of government, occupied
the City Hall. That structure having since become the prop-
erty of the United States, the various offices of the District of
Columbia are at present occupying rented buildings.
The Governor''s Office is at the NW. corner of Pennsylva-
nia av. and 17th st. NW. The Legislative Assembly holds its
sessions in a building known a? Metzerott's Hall, on Pennsyl-
vania av., betT\ieen 9th and 10th sts. W., on the IST. side. The
Board of Public Works^ Assessor, Comptroller, and other
District officers, occupy a structure known as Columbia
Building, on 4J st. W., W side, near Pennsylvania av. The
Legislative Assembly, in 1873, appropriated $90,000 for the
erection of a suitable building for the District officers. Con-
gress also appropriated 875,000, the amount due on the City
Hall, for the same purpose. It is proposed to erect the Ter-
ritorial Building on the unoccupied portion of Centre Market
Space, on Pennsylvania av., between 7th and 9th sts. W.
Fire Department — The earliest measures for the security