become almost minute to some having a greatest diameter of 22 mm.
Locality and position. Beavertown marl, Huffman's Quarry, Clin-
ton Group. (Name signifying quite small. )
GENUS BELLEROPHON, Montfort.
IX. Bellerophon fiscello-striatus, sp. n.
{Plate XIII, Figs, 19 a, b, c, d.)
Shell sub-discoid ; only the last volution known, increasing rapidly
in size, being almost four times as large at the aperture as at the point
where it first becomes visible ; the increase in size is quite regular, ex-
cept near the aperture where there is a moderate expansion of the vo-
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lution ; aperture not distinctly preserved, but apparently the aperture
was dorsally sinuate, the sinuation being'simple and broadly V-shaped ;
this, however, can not be conclusively determined. Umbilicus quite
large, "^ and deeply defined. Dorsally the curvature of the shell
toward each side is even and moderate, laterally the curvature is very
sudden, the curvature of the sides into the umbilicus equaling or even
exceeding the dorsal curvature of the shell ; by this means the umbili-
cus is deepened and the sides of the shell appear raised, almost cari-
nated towards the aperture.
Surface marked by fine longitudinal striae, of which thirteen may
be counted on each side of the carina as far as the beginning of the
umbilicus, these are increased by intercalations with the age of the
shell. Transverse striae in the direction of the lines of growth, the
striae on opposite sides of the carina having an angle to each other
equal to that which the sides of the sinus of the aperture seem to have.
A third, less distinct system of striae, originating at the carina, seems
to make about the same angle with the longitudinal striae as the trans-
verse striae just described. As a result of all these striations, the sur-
face of the shell is divided up into many minute, many-sided polygons
which give the shell a beautiful appearance. This is enhanced by a
low, distinct carina, slightly raised at the sides and thus becoming
grooved. Along the carina only afew, indistinct, longitudinal striae
are here and there visible, there are however many fine transverse
striae, bending backward into the groove of the carina.
Greatest diameter (extending through the aperture), ii mm.; di-
ameter transverse to this, 9 mm. Diameter of the last volution at its
beginning, 2.5 mm.; at the aperture, the diameter passing" through the
dorsum is 5 mm.; the one transverse to this, 9 mm. The width of
the carina, .4 to .5 mm.
Locality and position. Stolz's Quarry, Clinton Group.
Crustacea.
I. Acidaspis , .....
II. Bathyurus, , ....
III. Illaenus Daytonensis, . . . Hall and Whitfield.
IV. — Madisonianus, . . . Whitfield.
V. — ambiguus, . . * . . n. sp.
VI. Calymene , .....
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VII. Calymene Blumenbachii ? . . . Brongniart.
VIII. Lichas breviceps, ..... Hall.
IX. Arionellus ? , .....
X. Dalmanites Werthneri, . . . . n. sp.
The trilobites so far studied seem to be either identical with, or
closely related to Niagara forms. Hall and Whitfield, in their de-
scription of Ilicenus Daytonensis, say that '* specimens having the same
features have been collected from the Niagara Group of Wisconsin and
Illinois." /. Madisonianus is found in Wisconsin; however, I am
unwilling to consider this as good evidence, since the identification is
based upon one specimen, and that, the pygidium. /. ambiguus
finds a close relation in /. insigmSy a typical, western Niagara fossil.
Lichas breviceps agrees quite closely in all important characteristics, es-
pecially those of the pygidium, with described forms of this species
from Waldron, Indiana. Dalmanites Werthneri is closely related to
D. vidians and D. verrucosus, also from the Niagara strata of Indiana.
Of the other species not much can be said in the present state of
knowledge concerning them.
GENUS ACIDASPIS, Murchison.
I. ACIDASPIS .
{Plate XIII, Fig, 23.)
A fragment of a trilobite belonging to this genus has been found,
presenting chiefly the movable cheek, but also portions of the glabella.
Glabella poorly preserved; including the occipital regions its
breadth, as nearly as can be determined, is equal to about one third or
two fifths its length, the widest part being behind the middle, between
the eyes ; lateral lobes apparently three on each side, the middle and
posterior lateral lobes along one side of the glabella being distinctly
defined in the specimen, the third, anterior lobe, less plainly, on ac-
count of the imperfect preservation of the fossil at this point. Lat-
eral lobes of an almost oval outline, directed obliquely forward and
outward, the posterior one larger than the middle lobe, separated by a
distinct furrow from the cheeks and from themselves ; there is a broad
groove between the lateral lobes and the glabella proper, in addition to
which the furrow between the middle and posterior lateral lobes and the
occipital furrow rounding behind the posterior lateral lobe bend
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towards one another between the posterior lateral lobe and the glabella,
which they seem to connect by means of the raised portion left be-
tween them; this connection is not altogether destroyed by the low
groove which separates them. The occipital regions curve strongly
downwards towards each side, behind and below the posterior
lateral lobe, then slightly outward and forward. On this account the
posterior margin of the glabella is considerably deflected on either side,
beginning a considerable distance beneath the surface of the lateral
lobe and fixed cheek, thence rising to almost the level of the glabella
and again descending on the other side, being gracefully undulated in
this way. The occipital furrow extends from the lower part of the pos-
terior lateral lobe, behind this lobe, as described above, reaching a lit-
tle more than one third the distance across the glabella. The slope
of the rear of the posterior lateral lobe to the occipital regions below
is almost vertical.
Fixed cheek divided from the movable cheek by a furrow, which
between the middle lateral lobe and the anterior lateral lobe ap-
proaches closely to the furrow dividing the lateral lobes from
the cheek; thence the former is gradually separated from the
latter until it meets the inner margin of the eye, behind which
it seems to curve and then become indistinct. Anteriorly the
fixed cheek slopes rapidly downward and forward, posteriorly it
curves far more rapidly downwards, incurving a little below, so that a
distinct furrow seems to separate it from the occipital regions of the
glabella; another furrow, starting at the junction of the glabella and
fixed cheek, curves around behind the eye, separating the raised por-
tion of the cheek between the eye and the glabella, from the posterior
margin of the cheek.
Eye not preserved, judging from indications they were small, placed
in a line with the rear of the posterior lateral lobes.
Movable cheek grooved near the fixed cheek, the groove following
the direction of the furrow separating the cheeks ; that part of the
movable cheek between the groove and the furrow following the curva-
ture of the fixed cheek. From this groove there is a gradual down-
ward and outward curvature of the cheek, the same being true of the
portions at the side of the eye. Behind the eye, there is a more sudden
downward and backward curvature, the groove above mentioned extend-
ing behind the raised regions about the eye near the posterior margin of
the cheeks, spreading out and becoming indistinct towards the lateral
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margin of the head. The posterior and lateral margins of the cheek
are distinctly raised so as to form a ridge around the cheek. From
the junction of the lateral and posterior ridge a long, sharp spine ex-
tends almost directly backward, and a little downward. Along the
lateral ridge of the cheek are arranged a number of short spines about
one third as long as the postero-lateral spine. The lateral spines
curve obliquely backwards. They are apparently almost equidis-
tant from each other and decrease in length anteriorly. There is a
lateral spine at the origin of the postero-lateral spine, from this point
to a point opposite to the groove between the middle and anterior dor-
sal furrow TO spines may more or less distinctly be discerned.
The general curvature of the head is semi-circular from side to side,
the convexity from the anterior portion to the posterior of the head
being far less, although the exact amount can not be determined on
account of the imperfect preservation of the middle and anterior por-
tions of the glabella.
Surface, wherever preserved, distinctly pustulose.
Probable length of glabella, 14 mm.; breadth of the same, 19 mm.;
height of the middle part of the occipital margin above its lateral ex-
tremities, 5 mm.; length of the lateral spines, 2.5 mm.; length of the
postero-lateral spine, 7 mm. Height of the preserved part of the
glabella above the margins of the head, lo-ii mm. Probable width
of the entire head, 25 mm.
Locality and position, John Brown's Quarry, New Carlisle, Ohio,
from the collection of the Ohio State University, kindly loaned by Prof.
Edward Orton.
GENUS BATHYURUS, Billings.
II. Bathvurus .
{Plate XIV, Fig, 5.)
Only a single fragment known, whose relation to this genus is rather
conjectural.
Glabella conical, convex, distinctly defined anteriorly and laterally
by a continuous quite deep furrow. Posteriorly a small oval, almost
triangular tubercle is inserted between the occipital furrow and both .
of the postero-lateral extremities of the glabella ; owing to these tubercles
the outline of this portion of the head (the regions of the glabella)
seems to broaden at their insertion and then to contract suddenly be-
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hind them, meeting the occipital furrow at a considerable angle, within
a line directly behind the posterolateral extremities of the glabella
proper. Dorsal furrow well defined, running behind the tubercles,
forward to a point almost even with the anterior margin of the tubercle,
then back again on the other side. Posterior margin of the regions
of the glabella an almost straight line running just behind the posterior
ends of the tubercles. Glabella proper indistinctly marked by
faint grooves. One of these grooves cuts off from the postero- lateral
extremities ot the glabella, parts somewhat larger than the tubercles.
A second groove (also directed obliquely forward, but at a smaller
angle) is placed a little anterior to the middle of the glabella, and ex-
tends about one third of the distance across the glabella. Anterior
to this are one or two additional grooves, more faint, and also directed
obliquely forwards, at a slightly greater angle than the last. All of
these grooves are visible only after careful examination.
The anterior margin of the head curves quite rapidly downwards,
so that the general shape of the preserved parts of the head is even
more convex anteriorly than laterally or posteriorly. Anterior mar-
gin separated from the rim by a sort of furrow, from which the narrow
rim rises up at an angle of about 45 degrees. The rim lies in a broad
curve, passing within a short distance of the groove defining the ante-
rior portion of the glabella. The facial sutures begin at the rim on a
line about even with the lateral margins of the tubercles, thence ex-
tending inwards with a slow curvature, approaching within a very short
distance of glabella behind its middle, and then apparently extending
outwards where the outline is lost from want of preservation of the
fossil. The antero-lateral extremities of the margin are therefore
almost rectangularly pointed.
Length of the glabella to the occipital furrow, 7 mm.; to the pos-
terior margin, 8.2 mm.; from the posterior margin to the anterior rim,
10 mm. Breadth of the glabella at its middle, 6.2 mm.; at its poste-
rior, 6.9 mm.; across the tubercles, 7.4 mm. Distance between the
tubercles, 4 mm. Length of the anterior rim, about 7.8 mm.
Locality and position. Soldiers' Home Quarry, Clinton Group.
GENUS ILL^NUS, Dalman.
III. Ill^nus Daytonensis, Hall and Whitfield.
{Plate XIV, Figs. 4 a, b; Fig. 6; Figs. 7 a, b, c)
Species described by Hall and Whitfield in Ohio Pal. Vol. IL
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Fixed cheeks one-third as wide as the space between the dorsal
furrows. Palpebral lobes not coming to as sharp a point as figured
in the Ohio report, but apparently a little rounded at their ends.
Postero-lateral limb of the glabella beginning with a small groove at the
base of the dorsal furrow which gradually widens towards the suture
line, where it extends from the palpebral lobe to the occipital margin.
Posterior portion of the facial suture curves outward from the posterior
of the palpebral lobe, cutting the occipital margin at, or slightly
beyond a line vertical to it and drawn from the most prominent part of
the palpebral lobe.
Anterior margin of the pygidium trilobate, the middle lobe project-
ing a little, the lateral ones slightly curved at first, almost straight,
then bending strongly and obliquely backwards, more or less angular
at this point ; then curving around and after a slightly angular deflec-
tion coalescing with the lateral margin. Antero-lateral angles never
so prominent as those figured in the Ohio Report, although somewhat
approaching them in this feature.
Movable cheeks small, greatest elevation at the upper posterior
margin, making a large sweeping curve as it passes from the posterior
to the lower or lateral margin. The facial suture before the eye mak-
ing an angle of 30 degrees with the lateral line. Since this suture
line agrees with the corresponding part of the glabella, these separated
cheeks have been referred here.
Glabellae, pygidia, and movable cheeks so far not found in con-
nection. The association of the glabellae and pygidia may be con-
sidered certain from their relative frequency and similarity to nearly
related species. The cheeks are more conjectural in their relationship,
although tolerably certain from their form.
Smallest glabella, 9x11 mm. One of larger size, 40 mm broad at
the palpebral lobes, 30 mm. long, 13 mm. high. Smallest pygidium,
4x5 mm. One of larger size, 34 mm. broad, 25 mm. long, 5 mm.
high. Movable cheeks 7-8 mm. broad, 12 mm. long to the point
where it disappears beneath the glabella. Eyes two mm. long in the
small specimens found.
Locality and position. Soldiers' Home, Fair Haven, Preble county^
Clinton Group, abundant.
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IV. iLLiENUS Madisonianus, Whitfield.
{Plate XIV, Figs, i a, b; Figs. 2 a, b.)
Pygidium paraboloid in outline, its anterior margin arching strongly
forward in the middle, and its surface very convex. Lateral margin
spreading, forming a broad shallow furrow around the sides and behind,
just within the edge; anteriorly this furrow extends up the articulating
slope or facett of the pygidium, leaving it at about half the distance
from the top of the anterior margin. Anterior margin with a rounded
ungrooved edge, its corners just without the lateral furrows deflected
downwards and forwards. A narrow faint ridge running from the
posterior edge, half way up the pygidium. Entire surface minutely
punctate with small pits . i mm. in diameter, these interspersed with
others of still smaller size.
Length, 30 mm.; breadth, 38 mm.; height 14 mm.; extension of the
anterior margin forward beyond a line connecting the antero-lateral
extremities, 9 mm. At the middle of this line is found the greate.st
elevation of the pygidium.
Our specimen is less abrupt at the sides than the one figured by
Whitfield and has a smaller elevation along its posterior portion, but
the general characters agree very closely with the published description
and figures of the original. The recurved spreading margin seems to
distinguish it from /. insignis of Hall, the nearest related species.
Locality and position. Clinton Group, Huffman's Quarry.
Another individual from the Soldiers' Home Quarries is propor-
tionately broader, more depressed, less extended anteriorly, and pro-
vided at the anterior margin with a groove. Otherwise it agrees
closely with the above form.
V. Ill^nus ambiguus, sp. n.
{Plate XIV, Figs. 9 a, b; Figs. 10 a, b, c; Fig. 11.)
Glabella regularly arcuate from front to base ; anterior border with
the margin neatly rounded. Occipital furrow well defined, with a
faint upward extension at its middle, barely visible, within which is a
minute granule, which can readily be recognized on wetting the speci-
mens. Extending towards the anterior margin from this part is an
indistinct ridge, which can be recognized only with difficulty, except
in an occasional specimen where it may become moderately distinct.
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This corresponds to a much more evident (although narrow) ridge, on
the pygidium associated with these glabellae. In the occipital furrow
at about two-thirds the distance of its postero-lateral margin from the
granule is a deep, very distinct pit becoming shallow in older
specimens.
From this the dorsal furrow extends inwards as a deep groove
forming a broad, oval depression opposite the palpebral lobe, thence it
extends as a shallow groove, rapidly becoming indistinct, in an out-
ward direction, terminating in a small pit, which can be easily recog-
nized even in specimens which do not show the connecting part of the
groove distinctly, as is usually the case. This pit contains a minute
granule. It is situated at two-thirds the distance of the anterior
margin from the palpebral lobe. Half way between this pit and the
anterior margin is a minute granule, easily visible on wetting the speci-
men. Widest part of the glabella lies between the palpebral lobes,
anterior to which it becomes narrower and again widens reaching
almost the same width at a point just behind the junction of the facial
suture with the anterior margin. Facial suture extending from the
edge with a distinct outward curvature to a point opposite the terminal
pit of the dorsal furrow where it makes a rapid curve inwards to its
junction with the anterior margin, in which the facial suture seems to
terminate without any break. Palpebral lobe rounded. Facial suture
behind the palpebral lobe starts from the posterior incurved extremity
of each eye, and curves rapidly outward, cutting the margin directly
behind or a slight distance beyond a vertical line drawn from the most
prominent part of the palpebral lobe to the occipital line. Greatest
elevation of the glabella lies between the palpebral lobes.
Pygidium semi-circular in outline, becoming slightly paraboloid in
larger specimens, with a narrow more or less strongly marked ridge.
Ridge extending from the posterior margin upwards, usually not
reaching the middle of the pygidium. It can always be recognized.
Along the anterior margin lies a groove, which is somewhat straight
along its middle third, a small inward curvature near the middle, being
very slight, aids in this appearance. At either side the groove makes
a short curve inwards, and then outwards, approaching the lateral
margin, along which it extends for a short distance, rapidly becoming »
obsolete. The deflection of the antero-lateral border causes a raised,
ridge-like eminence to remain between it and the antero-lateral portion
of the marginal groove. Pygidium flattish along the upper anterior
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surface; greatest elevation at one-third the distance from the posterior
margin, from this point rapidly curving downwards to the posterior
margin, less rapidly towards the side and anterior portion.
Movable cheeks broadest at the posterior end of the eyes, with a
deep-rounded furrow around the base of the eye. In large specimens
rounded above. The facial suture inclining at an angle of sixty
degrees to the lateral margin in front and meeting it at an angle behind
which might be called a right angle, with the vertex rounded. It has
also quite a sharp edge along its posterior margin, where the cheek
makes a curve beneath the glabella. Since the angle made by the fa-
cial suture anterior to the eye corresponds to that made by the suture
anterior to the palpebral lobe in the glabella, the cheeks are associated
with this species. Eyes placed almost parallel with the upper part
of the movable cheeks, lunate, forming about one-third of a circle.
Lenses minute, about 17 to a millimeter. In the specimen examined
they were only fairly preserved but there were about 20 in the vertical
rows and perhaps 125 in the horizontal ones.
Glabellae, pygidia and movable cheeks so far not found in connec-
tion. The association of the glabellae and pygidia may be considered
tolerably certain from the great abundance of both as compared with
those of /. Daytonensis, the only other species found here in abundance.
The association of the movable cheeks with these forms is more con-
jectural.
Smallest glabella, 8x10 mm. Ordinary sized specimen, 38 mm.
broad across the palpebral lobes; 35 mm. across the anterior pits of the
dorsal furrows. Direct length of glabella from anterior to occipital
margins, 23 mm.; from anterior margin to a line drawn from the occipital
margin perpendicular to the plane of the lateral margin, 20 mm.; height,
14 mm. A few large forms have been found which I refer to this
species. The largest and most perfect of these is in the collection of
Ira Crawford. It measures 60 mm. across the palpebral lobes and
54 mm. in a direct line from the anterior to the occipital margin ;
height, 30 mm. Smallest pygidium 10x13 ^"^- Ordinary sized speci-
men, 29 mm. broad at the antero-lateral margins; 24 mm. from pos-
terior to articulating margin ; 8 mm. high. A single large pygidium
referred here measures 52 mm. in width; 44 mm. in length; 16 mm.
in height. Movable cheeks, large specimen, length, 31 mm.;
breadth, 20 mm.; length of eye, 7 mm. Smaller specimens 'propor-
tionate.
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Usually in the form of casts, surface where preserved apparently
striated concentrically, at least around the edges, and dotted with small,
shallow pits.
Locality and position. Soldiers' "Home and vicinity. Clinton Group.
Abundant.
GENUS CALYMENE, Brongniart.
VI. Calymene .
i^Plate XIII, Fig. 24.)
Portions only of the head found, as fragments ; the figure partly a
restoration effected by a comparison of numerous fragmentary speci-
mens. A fuller description will be given in the next paper if better
material be found.
Glabella more prominent than the cheeks, very strongly defined
from them by a deep, flat, longitudinal depression, which extends from
'the tip of the middle lateral lobe forward, forming an almost straight
line along the line of separation from the fixed cheek, and terminating
near the anterior end of the glabella, the side towards the fixed cheek
being somewhat pointed. A similar depression behind the middle
lateral lobes separates the posterior lobes from the surrounding portions
of the head, its curvature being about that of the margins of the pos-
terior lobes. The anterior border of the head is broad andyf^/, and
directed upwards, with no arching along the middle as in specimens of
Calymene Niagarensis. The anterior rim of this border has a slow
curvature, appearing more like a straight line in some specimens than
any species I am acquainted with. In other specimens, however,
there is a somewhat greater curvature to the anterior rim. The fa-
cial sutures beginning with a slight outward curve for a small distance
become almost parallel to each other as far as the eyes ( which I now
believe are incorrectly indicated in the drawing). Occipital furrow
and as much of the fixed cheeks as is preserved, seem similar to the
corresponding regions of C. Niagarensis.
Measurements are not given, on account of the unsatisfactory con-
dition of the specimens. The figure is based upon a specimen pre-
serving the glabella, anterior border and portions of the fixed cheeks,
(all of the cheek anterior to the middle lateral lobe on one side of the
glabella.) The rest of the figure is the result of comparison. The
description is given mainly to note the existence of a form which has