yellow "color,
in pseudo-
clase.
sions.
product ol
strong refrac-
ochroism
morphs, rare-
horn-
feldspar.
tion and vivid
j rather
ly in grains.
blende, bi-
horn-
colors of po-
j strong in
otite, aug-
blendes.
larization.
jthick col
ite and
biotite.
umns.
chlorite, ;
rarely of
a=-pale
augite in
yellow,
eruptives
b=yellow-
& crystal-
ish green.
line slates.
C=green-
In the lat
ish yellow.
1
ter also as
b>c>a.
primary. ' *
i-i^; acute wedge-shaped sections. 1
Not bril-
Faint yel-
Surface of sec-
With
Very
Rarely
As prima-
Easily recog-
liant.
low, red-
tion rough.
quartz.
poor.
pseudo-
ry accesso-
nized' by the
dish
One of the
plagio
morphs
ry in
wedge-
shaped sec-
brown to
first minerals
clase. horn-
of cal- eruptives.
colorless.
to form in
blende, au-
cite af- granite.
tions and
Pleochro
eruptive
gite, bio-
ter ti syenite,
rough surface.
ism rather
rocks.
tite. chlor-
tanite. phonolite.
strong in
ite, quartz
1 I .schists.
dark varie-
and other
i etc.
ties, a-=
accessory
j 1 Andesite,
reddish
minerals.
jdiorile.
brown,
'
C==green-
ish yellow
i
Very bril
Colorless
In minute
Rarely
Fluid
'As a sim
liant, ir-
or colored
grains and
with clas
inclu- pie rock,
ridescent.
by iron.
needles, rare-
tic compo-
sions. granular
ly in crystals.
nents, as
quartz
grains or
or massive.
scales of
mica.
1
!
Digitized by
GoogI(
Name.
Disthene.
(Cyanite)
Chem,
Comp. and
Reactions.
(Al,) Si O5
Insoluble.
Cleavage.
II. b. 3. Triclinic
Elongated columnar crystals, colorless or blue,
Usual combina-
tions and form
of sections.
Grains or col
umns i-i . i-i
with an angle
of 106° 15^
rarely termi
nated. Cross
section quad
rate (or hex-
agonal,if i^'-i
or i-i'' is ad-
ded.^
Twins.
Frequent.
Less so micro-
scopic. Either
multiples in
i-i or
(2) perpendic-
ular to c axis,
or
(3) to b axis.or
(4) parallel to
O.
Optical determinants.
Colors]
ofPolar\
ization.'
Opt.axis plane makes
an angle of 30° with
the angle i-I : O, with
the angle i-i . O an
angle of 60° IS'' and,
like the acute bisec-
trix = a stands at
nearly a right angle
with i-i, parallel to
which plane sections
show a biaxial inter
ferance figure with
negative bisectrix
Very
vivid.
TricUnic
Feldspars
I. Micro-
dine
(fibrous
ortho-
clase. )
b. Broad tabular crystals or grains, colorless.
2. Plagio-
close.
Feldspars
(a) Albite
[Ab]
As
orthoclase
2.54-
2-57
Na2 Al.^ Sig
Traces of
Ca and K.
Not at-
tacked by
acids.
Si02 —
68%.
2.61-
2.63
Perfect
110.
quite
perfect,
i-i^
Complete
II O and
i-i
incom-
plete
i-i'' and
I. Angle
O : i-i at
the right
=93° 36^
As orthoclase
i-i . . i^-i
i-i^ predomi
nating.
i-i . . V-\ .
i-i^ . I-i . I
Very similar
to orthoclase
Rare, jj i-i and
at right angles
to it. Almost
always inter-
lammellate
with ortho-
clase giving in
sections || O
the character-
istic "lattice
structure."
Also polysyn
thetic twins
with albite,
so that the O
surfaces are
parallel in
each.
Opt. axis plane, al-
most -i- O, its sec-
tion with i-i formsj
with the obtuse anglei
O . i-i 5-6° in the
obtuse angle ac
cleavage plates in i-i
show one axis evi-
dently, the axial
plane is somewhat
oblique to i-i.
Very
bril-
liant.
Twins.
Almost always twinned.
(1) Albite type i-i, and gen-
erally polysynthetic. Often
two such polysynthetic indi-
viduals are again twinned ac-
cording to the Carlsbad type.
(2) Percline type and these
again united on the Mane-
bach type.
(3) By a union of (i) and (2)
there results a lattice arrange-
ment reminding of micro
cline.
Opt. axis plane forms
an angle of 96° 16''
with the c axis, with
the perpendicular to
i-i 16° 17^ Acute bi
sectrix = c. Disper
sion5light./)<v.cleav-
age plates || i-i show
a complete distorted
interferance figure.
Usual-
quite
vivid,
not so
strong
as
quartz.
In very
thin
sec-
tions
feeble
blue-
giay.
Digitized by
GoogI(
Minerals.
(or granular. ) Cleavage in i-i, i-i, and O.
TABLE XVI L
Double
refractum.
Negative,
Cobr, etc.
Colorless
Structure.
Association.
With
Inclu-
sums.
Altera-
tions.
Occurrence.
Remarks.
In long col-
Poor.
Rarely
Raic as primary
If colorless.
strong.
or sky
umns or ir quartz.
Fluid
mar-
accessory in
only to be dis-
Extinction
blue.
regular mica,
inclu-
gined.
crystalline elates
tinguished
, in sections
fip^l.-]2
grains with garnet,
sions.
by a
granulite, eclo-
from silliman-
, 11 i-1
strong re-
crevices |i omphacite.
zone
gite and mica
ite by position
^ C : 0=36°
lief. If
or -L to
hornblende
of al-
schists.
of axis of
. t'<-/>
blue.with
axis c.
rarely with|
tera- '
elasticity.
j
rather
Often com-
orthoclase.
tion. 1
1
strong
pletely or 1
•
1
pleochro
mottled j
1
ism.
blue. Rare
K
i
C-=blue
ly in aggre '
1
a-=white
gates of
1
i
needles
1
Cleavage parallel to C
). and i-1. |
(a) With
orthoclase.
Easily dis-
\ Negative, Colorless
In rocks
elaeolite,
Usual- ' Simi-
Primary essen- tinguished
i rather
Reliefnot
only as
sodalile,
ly very' lar to
tial with ortho- from ortho-
j strong.
strong, as
grains,often
augite. and
poor, that of
clase in
clase by
In plates
in ortho-
coalesced
hornblende
Horn-
ortho-
(a) elaeolite-
extinction
parallel to
clase.
with
(b) With
blende
clase.
syenile.
oblique to
ji-i positive.
quartz, as
quartz.
biotite.
(b) in various
and
1 Extinction
in graphic
orthoclase,
zircon,
granites par-
twinning;
not perpen-
granite.
biotite.
apatite
ticularly in
from other
|dicular but;
hornblende
graphic granite
tnclinic
1 oblique in
&muscovite
(c) Crystalline
feldspars by
1 plates par-
(c) With the
slates as granu-
latticed
allel to 0.
above and
garnet and
lite and gneiss.
twinning
and optical
I
Colorless
In large
cyanite.
With cal-
Very
Rarely
In granular
peculiarities.
1
1 Positive,
All plagio-
rather
clear.
grains, rare-
cite. quartz,
poor.
altered
limestone, fre-
clase is char-
strong. In
slight
ly in crys-
mica and
fluid
Be-
quent. In crys-
acterized by
cleavage
relief.
tals, often
orthoclase.
inclu-
comes
talline slates. In
the polysyn-
plates 11
/?P-
coalesced
also chlorite
sions.
cloudy
many semi-crys-
thetic twin-
extinction
1-537
with ortho-
and more
as or-
talline gneisses,
ning. Triclinic
inclined
clase and
rarely \
tho phyllite, sericite
feldspars can
with the
quartz In
hornblende 1 clase. slate. Rnrelyin
only be dis-
angle O :
eruptive | eruptivts, in
tinguished by'
i-i
rocks in 1 â– grams in dio-
chemical 1
-1-3° 54'-
slender 1
riles, in rods in
means or de-
+4^51';
rods. i
! andesites and termination of|
i II i-i
'
porphyrys.
direction of
+15^33^-
,
extinction etc.
+20°.
1
1
Even then
1
only in raiher
i
large grains
!
i
Digitized by
GoogI(
Name,
Chemical
comp. and
reactions.
Speaf.
Grav.
Cleavage.
Usual combi-
nations 6fform
of sections.
Twins.
Optical deter
minants.
Doudle re-
fraction.
b. Oligo-
clase.
SiC)2 =
62-66%.
A little K
(Aba An,
Abj Anj.)
2.62-
2.65
(2.63.)
Most per-
fect II 0,
also i-i as
albite. O:
11=93°
28^ at the
right.
As albite.
Always
polysyn -
thetic, of
the albite
type; also
ofpericlin-
ic type.
Very similar
to albite. In
cleavage
plates II i-i the
axial points
lie farther out
of the field of
view than in
albite. c in-
clined to the
obtuse angle
O: i-i.
As albite.
Extinction
II in-
clined to
angle 0:
i-i -f 1°
ic/; II i-i
inclined
c. Ande-
site.
R Al Si^
O12, R=
Na2 and
Ca. (Aba
Ahj to Abj
An^.)
RAl Si3
Oio (Abi
An, to Ab^
Ana ) At-
tacked by
HCl.
»
2.65
2.68-
2.70
do
As albite.
As albite.
Similar to or-
thoclase but
the axial
plane is more
than 15° in-
clined to ob-
tuse angle O:
i-i. Disp.
=p<v.
As above.
Extinction
II inclin-
ed to an-
gle O: i-i
-1057'to
li i-i-4°
5c/ to 8\
i
i
Often with
the albite
and peri
cline type
combined.
Individu-
als twin-
ned II i-i
are again
twinned
according
to Carls
bad type
or in i-i or
0.
d. Labra-
dorite.
As ortho-
clase in
i-i often
with a
play of
colors.
-
Usually in
large grains,
rarely crys-
tals, as ortho-
clase.
In surface ||
i_i, lateral dis-
appearance of
one axis and
signs of lem-
nisci axial
point not vis
ible; II lat-
eral disap-
pearance of
the other axis,
axial point
also not visi-
ble. p>v.
As ortho
clase. Ex-
tinction,
in —4°
3c/ to-6°
54^;i-i»
—16° 40^
to 21° 12^
e. Bytown-
ite.
(A mix-
ture?) Si
O2 = 49-
45% (Ab,
An,- An.)
More easi-
ly decom-
posed by
HCl.
2.70-
2.73
(2.71)
do
do
do
As albi-
bite.
As Lab-
radorite.
Extinction
||0=.i4.
S"" to 20**
II i-i=-27^
to 32°.
do
Acute bisec
trix =c at
right angles to
2-i. p>v.
Plates II and
i-i show lat
eral disap-
pearance of
one or other
axis. Axial
point on roar-
gin of field.
f. Anor-
thite.
[An-]
Ca AI2 Sij
Og SiOg
43^^^^^-
uble in
HCl with-
out forma-
tion of gel-
atinous
silica.
2.73-
(2-75.)
Complete
and i-f.
P: M= at
right =
As albite.
As albite.
Extinction
||0=-36°
to 420 1
i.i— 37° to
43°-
Digitized by
GoogI(
TABLE XVIII.
Colors I Color
of polar-, and Re-
izationJ fraction.
As al-
bite.
Colorless,
clear or
cloudy,
white to
gray.
Structure.
Asal-
bite.
I Usual-
ly very
'vivid
do
do
As ortho-
clase.
In large grains
or crystals of
I.O. and in
minute slen-
der rods (sec-
tions of thin
plates. Zonary
structure and
arrangement
of inclusions
Twinning and
concentric ar-
rangement (as
in orthoclase)
both present
Association
do
In grains and
large crystals
I.O. and mi-
crolites II. O
When twin'd
upon both the
albite and pe-
ricline type a
lattice struc
ture similar to
microcline ap
pears, but the
bands are
more distinct
With san
dine, or
thoclase,
augite,
horn-
blende,bi
otite and
quartz.
do
do
With
quar^, or-
thoclase,
horn-
blende,bi
otite, aug
ite and ol
ivine.
With di-
allage, hy-
persthene,
olivine,
also with
quartz, au
gite, horn-
blende,
and bio-
tite
With
I horn-
blende,au-
, gite, bio-
tite, dial-
I lage, hy-
persthene
As lab-
brador-
'te.
Inclusiofts.
Alteration.
Fluid (rarely)
and frequent-
ly glass inclu-
sions in later
eruptives; au-
gite and apa-
tite microlites
I
Usually unal
tered in later
and cloudy-
fibrous in ear-
lier eruptives
Change into
epidote
("saussurite")
also to musco-
vite as in or-
thoclase and
nearly all pla-
gioclase.
Colorless,
clear, as
labrador-
ite.
labrador-
With lab-
radorite,
augite, hy-
persthe-
nite, oliv-
ine.
do
Hornblende,
olivine, dial-
lage, magne-
tite, titanic
iron. Acicu-
late microlites
are very abun-
dant and lie |j
c or the angle
O: i-i, and
brown plates
(ferric oxide
or brookite?)
which have
their long axis
at right angles
to the micro
lites, or innu-
merable mi-
nute colorless
or greenish
grains (epi-
dote?)
Occurrence,
Usually un-
altered.
As orthoclase
Often into
epidote and
muscovite.
do
Primary es-
sential or ac-
cessory in
eruptives.
granite, dior-
ite. diabase,
gabbro, tra-
chyte, ande-
site, also in
basalt, and
crystalline
slates.
Re-
marks.
As al-
bite.
Primary es-
sential in ton-
alite (quartz
diorite), in
andesite, in
particular.and
esites, porph-
yries, syenite,
also in cryst,
slates.
Primary, es-
sential, in nor-
ite, gabbro,
dolerites, es-
pecially also
n dacite, ba-
salts, diorite.
Primary es-
sential in
eruptives, di-
orite, gabbro,
andesites.
do
but no micro-
lites and
scales.
As oligoclase.
Usually unal-
tered, as the
other plagio-
clase species.
Rather rare,
primary es-
sential in
eruptives. In
basaltic rocks
and augite an-
desites, gab-
bro and no rite.
In crystalline
slates.amphib-
olites, gneiss.
do
do
do
Digitized by
GoogI(
Distinctions between the, various plagioclase species.
The species lettered b-e are, as is well known, isomorphous mixtures of the
two terminal members of the series — albite (ab) and anorthite (an). In physical
and optical, as well as chemical characters, there are perfect transitions, and
oligoclase, andesite, labradorite and bytownite are simply named members of the
series.
As shown by Schuster's investigations, it is possible to distinguish the plagioclase
species by determining the direction of extinction in cleavage planes parallel to
O and i-i.
The above given data of extinction refer to the customary position of the
examined plagioclase, (the upper O surface inclines from left to right, as well
as to the front,) and always to the obtuse angle O. i-i, i. e. the surface I-i lying
to the right. The -|- sign in the case of cleavage plates || O indicates that the
direction of extinction is inclined to the obtuse angle O : i-i in the direction of
•the right prismatic angle; in cleavage plates \ i-i that it is inclined as i-i withi-i
the — sign in both cases indicates the opposite direction.
C. Aggregates.
Aggregates are never dark between crossed Nicols because the numerous
minute crystals are irregularly distributed. If the aggregate has a radial fibrous
structure a fixed interferance figure may appear. Very often such aggregates
may only he determined by chemical means.
1. Serpentine (Mgg Sij H2 Og + aq.) Specif, gr. 2.5-2.7. Green, yellow or
brown, to black. Characterized by the mesh structure resulting from decay of
olivine. In other cases the substance consists of large plates which may be
regularly arranged at right angles to each other. It occurs as an independent
rock mass or a decomposition product or pseudomorph after olivine.
2. Vtridite. Decomposition products ot augites and hornblendes as well as
garnet and biotite. (Delessite, chlorophaite, etc.)
3. Basite. Decomposition product of pyroxene, very similar to serpentine.
4. Chalcedony. A secondary mineral except in quartz sph3en4ites.
5. Zeolites. Include natrolite, scolezite, stilbite, desmite, and chabasite.
6. Carbonates. Aragonite. Decomposing with effervescence in H CI.
Easily distinguished from calcite by crystal form.
Digitized by
GoogI(
Explanation of Figures.
Fig, I. Distyla ohioensis, sp. n. (p. 54.)
Fig. 2. Diurella tigris, Ehr. (p. 49.) M^ maxtax, E^ ^g'g, G, ganglion, s,
sensory tube, a, spines of lorica, /, intestine, Pv. Pulsating vessel, e, eye.
Fig. 3a. Ploesoma lenticulare, sp. «., side view.
Fig. 3b. do do. ventral view.
ERRATA.
Page 7, line i, instead of preceding, r^a^ proceeding,
do 8, do 4, do do an terioral'.y, r^fl^ anteriorly,
do 15, Plate I, Fig. 2. instead of Z, read/.
do 4S, line 21, /'«j/5ftf^ <?/ ampuliformis r^a^ ampulliformis.
do 59, do 12, do do Plate i. Fig. Ill read Vl&te III, Fig. i.
do 60, do 27, do do Asplanchnaea do Asplanchna.
do 61, do 33, do do ampuliformis do ampuUiformis.
do 133, do 6, et se^. i-i read i-i''.
do 135, do Under monoelinic, instead of i-i and i-i, r^^^i-i'' in each case.
Table F7//, Apatite, instead of I,i read l.i.
do /-A', Olivine do do 1=119° 2'' r^a^ 1=130° 2^.
do Xt^f Hypersthene,^ under cleavage, instead of conchoidal fracture i-i,
read i-i.
Table XVII. Instead of Tricilnic, r^a^ Triclinic.
do XVIII. Anorthite; cleavage, instead of i-i read i-i.
Digitized by
GoogI(
INDEX.
A.
Acroperus 38
Alona quadrangula 37
Alona sanguinea 37
Alonopsis 38
Anuraea 48, 58
Anuraea longispina 61
Asplanchnaea 60
Asplanchna magnificus 60
Asplanchnasp â– - 61
Asplanchna Brightwelli 61
B.
Barnes & Co 126
Bausch & Lomb 127
Behrens 130
Bor'cky 130
Brachionus bakeri 55
Brachionus intermedius 56
Brachionus militaris 56
c.
Canthocamptus 37
Camptocercus ^,'j
Chirocephalus holmani 19
Cladocera 38
Clinton Group of Ohio 63-120
Coccothraustes 5
Conochilus 44
D.
Dinocharis pocillum 51
Distyla minnesotensis 53
Distyla ohioensis 54
Distemma 49
Diurella 49
Diurella insignis 50
Diurella tigris 49
E.
Editorial statenient , 4
Euchlanis (dilatata^ hippo-
siueros 47
Euchlanis ampulliformis 48
Evening Grosbeak 5-15
F.
Floscularia ornata 47
Foerste, Aug 25,63
FOSSILS. —
Acidaspis loi
Acidaspis 100, loi
Arionellus 114
Arionellus loi, 114
Atrypa 90
Atrypa nodostriata, H 78-9O
Atrypa reticularis, Linn.,-_ 75
Bathyurus 100, 103
Bellerophon 99
Bellerophon fiscello-striatus,
n. sp 94-99
Bellerophon bilobatus, Sow. 99
Brachiopoda 77» 7^
Buchania 99
Buchania exigua, n. sp 94, 99
Calymene 74-109, no
Calymene Blumenbachii,
Brong? loi, 109
Calymene Niagarensis, H.,_ 109
Calymene- 100, 109
Digitized by
GoogI(
Chaetetes 68
Clathrapora ClintonensisH.
&Wh 72,75
Crustacea 100
Cyclonema 94
Cyclonema bilex, Con 76, 94
Cyalora 96
Cyclora alta 94*96
Cypricardites 93
Cypricardites ferrugineu'xi.
A. and Wh 9i» 93
Dalmanites ' 116
Dalmanites verrucosus, H__ loi
Dalmanites vigilans loi, 116
Dalmanites Werthneri, n.
sp 68, 76, loi, 116
Eichwaldia 91
Eichwaldia reticulata, H_75, 76, 78, 91
Gasteropoda 77» 94
Grammysia 92
Grammysia Caswelli, n. sp_ 91, 92
Holopea 9^). 98
Illaenus 73, 76, 104
Illaenus ambignus, n. sp_ icx>. 101, 106
Illaenus Daytonensis, H. &
Wh 100, loi, 104, loS
Illaenus insignis, H loi, 1 06
Illaenus Madisonianus, Wh_
74, 100, loi. 106
Lamellibranchiata 77, 91
Leptaena 79
Leptaena prolongata, n. sp_ 78, 7q
Leptaena sericea, Sow 79
Leptaena transversalis, Wahl. 78, 79
Lichas 112
Lichas breviceps lOi, 112
Merisiella 88
Meristella cylindrica, HalL 88
Meristella Prinstana. Bill__- 88
Meristella umbonata, Bill__ 76, 78, 88
Nucula 93
Nucula minima, n. sp 91, 93
Nucleospira pisiformis, H.. 85
Orthis 72, 80, 86
Orthis acuto-plicata 86
Orthis bella-rugosa. Con 86
Orthis biforata, Schlot 80, 81, 82
var. lynx 74, 78, 80. 83
var. acutilriata. 82
Orthis biforata. f. Clintonensis —
f. reversata 76
f. Daytonensis. _ 78; 82
f. reversata 78, 80, 82
Orthis Daytonensis, n. sp - 74, 78, 87
Orthis elegantula, Dalm-76, 78, 84, 85
Orthis elegantula, var. parva,
n. var 76, 78, 85
Orthis fausta, n. sp 70. 76, 78, 85
Orthis flabellum. Sow 76, 78,82
Orthis hybrida. Sow 76, 78, ^83, 84
Orthis insculpta, H 86
Orthis Nisis, H 78, 86
Orthis pisum, H —
Orthoceras 117
Orthoceras Duseri. H . & Wh. 118
Orthoceras inceptum 117
Platyostoma Niagarense. H_ 73, 94, 97
Platyostoma Niag. var. trigostoma.
Platyostoma plebium, H_- 98
Pleurotomaria 96
Pleurotomaria inexpectans,
H. & Wh 94,96
Pterinea 9I
Pterinea brisa, H 91
Ptychophyllum 75
Raphistoma 95
Raphistoma affinis, n. sp 94, 95
Raphistoma lenticularis, Em_ 95
Retepora angulata, H 72
Rhinopora _. 68
Rhynchonella 90
Rhynchonella neglecta, H__ 78
Rhynchonella scobina,Meek_'76, 78, 90
Strophomena 79
Strophomena rhomboidalis,
Wilck 78, 79
Strophostylus 96
Strophostylus cyclostomus, H. 94, 96
Trilobita 77, 100
Triplesia 89
Triplesia Ortoni, Meek 76, 78, 98
Triplesiana, n. sp 78, 89
Trochonema 94
Trochonema nana, n. sp 94
Digitized by
GoogI(
Zygospira 90
Zygospira modesta. H 78, 90
Fringillidae 13
Furcularia - 49
G.
Geology 64
H.
Hesperiphona vespertina 5
Hesperiphona abeillii 5
Helerognathus 49
Hussak 121, 125, 134, 137
I.
Ilyocryptus agilis 40, 41
Ilocryptus setifer 39
Ilycryptus sordid us 40, 41
Ilyocryptus spinifer 40, 41
L.
Laboratory manipulation 121
Leydigia quadrangularis 37
Limnetes gouldii 17
Lithological lathe 126
Lithological micr oscope 127
Lithological manipulation 121
M.
Macrodactylea 49
Mastigocerca 49
Melicerta ringens _ 44
Micro-chemical methods 128
Minerals (see below.)
Monocerca 49
Monocerca rattus 51
Monostyla quadridentata 53
Monospilus dispar 38
Monura 49
N.
Notommata 47
o.
Osteology of Hesperiphona 7
P.
Paleontology 76
Phyllopoda, Metamorphosis of 16
Pipilo erythropthalmus 13
PLANTS. —
Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, L. 31
Ambrosia Irifida, L 31
Aristolochia clematitis 34
Aristolochia Sipho, L'Her_ 27, 33
Atriplex patula, L 34
Atropa Belladona 29
Barbarea vulgaris. R. Br — 31
Brassica nigra, Gray 31
Carya alba, Nutt 30
Carya amara, Nutt 30
Carya microcarpa, Nutt 30
Carya olivaeformis, Nutt_- 30
Carya porcina. Nutt 30
Carya sulcata, Nutt 30
Carya tomentosa, Nutt 30
Cassia Chamaelicrista, L — 32
Cercio Canadensis, L 29
Chelidoneum majus, L 3^» 32
Chenopodium album, L 31
Coreopsis tinctoria, Nutt 34
Coreopsis tripteris. L 34
Cornus stolonifera, Miohy — 31
Delphinium 27, 33
Delphinium consolida, L 32, 33
Dianthera Americana, L 32
Dicentra Cucullaria, DC 30
Fraxinus Americana, L 27, 29
Fraxinus sambucifolia, L.im._ 29
Fraxinus viridis, Michx 29
Gerardia purpurea L 31
Gleditschia triacanthos, L _ 3^
Gymnocladus Canadensis,
Lam 25, 26, 30
Juglandaceae 25, 27
Juglans cinerea, L $^
Juglans nigra, L 33
Juglans regia, L 30
Lactuca 27
Lactuca Canadensis, L 31
Leguminosae 29, 34
Lilium bulbiferum, L 33
Lindera Benzoin, Meisner 33
Lippia Lanceolata, Michx__ 32
Liriodendron Tulipifera, L_ 30
Lonicera Tartarica, L 25, 34
Loranthaceae 33
Lycopus sinuatus, Ell 31
Digitized by
GoogI(
Lysimachia ciliata, L 31
Lysimachia nummularia, L. 33
Lythrum alatum, Pursh 32,33
Medicago 29
Melilotus alba. Lam . 34
Menispermum Canadense, L. 30
Mimulus ringens, L 31
Nesaea verticillata, H. B. K. 31
Oenothera fructicosa, L _. 31
Passiflora lutea. L 34
Penthorum sedoides, L 2-
Phryma leptostachya, L__- 31
Ptelea trifoliata. L 29
Ptero-carya Caucasica, KenelL 30
Robina Pseudacacia, L_ 30
Rubus - 30
Ruella ciliosa, Pursh _ / 31
Sambucus Canadensis L-_ 30
Scrophularia nodosa, L 31
Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. 31
Solanaceae 29, 34
Teucrium Canadense. E-. . 31
Thalictrum dioicum, L 2S, 31
Trifolium
Ulmus fulva, Michx
Verbena stricta. Vent
Verbena urticifolia, L
Vitaceae
Pleochroism
Pleuroxus procurvus
Ploesoma lenticulare.
Polyarthraea
Polyarthra platyptera _.
Pterodina patina
34
34
35
31
31
34
134
37
57
48
49
59
Q.
QUARRIES. —
Allen's
Carrollton Pike
Centreville ..
Day' on .
Eaton Pike
Fair Haven
Fauver's
Huffman's
Soldiers' Home
Stolz's . .
Swartzbaugh's
R.
Rattulus .
Rock sections - .
Rotifers of America _ _
Rotifer , .
S.
Salpina affinis
Salpina mucronata
Scardium
Squamella bractea .
Stephanops muticus ^
T.
Table of abbreviations, _ .
Tables for determination of
rock-forming minerals
Thoulets' method
Triarthra
Twinning phenomena
u.
Use of polarizing microscope
74
70
74
73
66, 70
75
75
73
70
67
68
49
121
43. 62
47
52
52
49
54
54
137
137-157
123
48
133
131
A.
AcmiteXV
Actinolite XV
Aggregates XIX
Albite XVn
Alamandine garnet II
Analcite III
Anatase V
MINERALS.
Numbers refer to table.
Apatite VIII
Aragonite