Blue-darr, iii. 55.
Blue felt, i. 324.
Blue-Hawk, iv. 96, 105, 134.

Little, iv. 138.
Blueheaded-Wagtail, i. 228.
Blue-maa, iii. 120.

Rock, ii. 501.

rump, i. 324.
Bluetailed-Bee-eater, iv. 505.
Bluethroat, Lapland, iv. 485.
Bluethroat, Redspotted, i. 341, 426;

iv. 616.
ii. 341.

Description, 341 ; iv. 616.

Distribution, 342; iv. 616.

Displays, love, 428.

Eggs, 429.

Feeding habits, 426.

Fights, 429.

Food, 341.

Gregariousness, 429.

Habitat, 426.

Incubation, 429.

Migration, 341.

Nest, 429.

Nesting habits, 429.

Nomenclature, 341.

Notes, 428.

Persecution, 426.

Progression, mode of, 427.

Song, 427.

Young, 429.

Bluethroat, Whitespotted, iv. 486.
Blue-Tit, British, ii. 181, 190.

Continental, ii. 182.

Blue-wing, i. 8.

Blut-hanfling, i. 75.

Blyth's Reed-Warbler, iv. 493.

boarula, Motacilla, i. 224.

Boatswain, iii. 199.

Bog-drum, iv. 330.

Bogenschncibliger Standldvfer, iii. 426.

Bog-Goose, iv. 154.

Boldie, i. 67.

Bombycilla garrula, ii. 156 ; iv. 616.

Bonaparte's Gull, iv. 511.

Sandpiper, iv. 519.
Bonxie, iii. 195.

borealis, Numenim, iv. 526.

Pans, ii. 184 ; iv. 495.

Phylloscopus, iv. 490.

borin, Sylvia, ii. 6.
boscas, Anas, iv. 191.
Botaurus stettaris, iv. 330.

stellaris lentiginosus, iv. 550.

Bottle-jug, ii. 171.



Bottlenose, iii. 11.
Bottle-tit, ii. 171.
Bouscarle, iv. 493.
Boui'reuil, i. 81.

dur bee, iv. 469.
Brachpieper, i. 233.
Brachuogel, grosser, iii. 454.
lirachydactyla, Alauda, iv. 475.

Calandrella, iv. 475.
bi-achyrhynchus, Anser, iv. 156.
Brackett, iii. 389.
Bramble-finch, i. 68.
Brambling, i. 68.

Description, 68.

Distribution, 69.

Feeding habits, 148.

Food, 69.

Gregariousness, 147, 155.

Habitat, 69.

Migration, 69.

Nest, 114, 169; site of, 112.

Nomenclature, 68.

Notes, 127.

Roost, 133.

Song, 69, 137.

Young, feeding of, 130; food of,

130.

Brancher, i. 69.
Brandgans, iv. 189.
Brand-Seeschwall/e, iii. 66.
Branta bemicla, iv. 158.

bemicla glatKogastra, iv. 539.

bemicla nigricans, iv. 539.

canadensis, iv. 539.

leucopsis, iv. 157.

rufaollis, iv. 538.
Brauner SiMer, iv. 317.
Braunkehigler Wiesenschmatzer, i. 333.
Brent, Black, iv. 539.
Brent-Goose, iv. 158, 167.

Lightbreasted, iv. 539.
brenta, Bemicla, iv. 158.
brevipes, (Estrelata, iv. 555.

Pterodroma, iv. 555.

brevirostris, Linota, i. 74.
Brillen-Ente, iv. 545.
Britannia, iv. 196.
britannica, Certhia, i. 278.
britannicus, Cinclus, i. 297, 299.

Larusf., iv. 618.

Lyrurus, iv. 618.

Parus, ii. 176.

British Great-Tit, ii. 173, 190.

- Longtailed-Tit, ii. 171.
Broadbill, iv. 196.
Broadbilled-Sandpiper, iv. 518.
Brongie, iv. 352.
Brookrunner, iii. 560.
Brownbaoked-Warbler, iv. 491.
Brown-Flycatcher, iv. 499.

Linnet, i. 75.

Owl, ii. 381.

- Reeler, ii. 93.

Starling, ii. 105.

-ullert, ii. 381.



INDEX



('A3



Bniwn Yogle, ii. 387.

Jlrinnit a couronne Inrtee, iv. 470.

crocote, iv. 470.

des marai*, iv. 473.

ties roseatix, i. 162.

/on, iv. 471.

jaime, i. !">!).

lapan, i. 160.

nulii, iv. 473.

ortolan, iv. 471.

nuit.iiue, iv. 472.

zi'zi, i. 161.
Bruch\rti.-urln>ijir, iii. 440.

mil-Ill, I'l-in, iv. 506.
Brunnich's Guillemot, iv. 506.
Hiil'ltola, ii. 433.
Bulio bubo, iv. 504.

ignavux, iv. 504.

bubulcu*, Art!' n, iv. 548.

/illi-filliltr,,; Cl/iliUfi, iv. 540.

Buchjint, i. 67.
Buck-finch, i. 07.
Budpicker, i. 81.
Buffbaeked-Heron, iv. 548.
Buffbreasted-Sandpiper, iv. 521.
Buffleheaded-Duok, iv. 543.
Buffon's Skua, iii. 201, 224.
Bulbul, S. African, iv. 498.
Bullfinch, i. 81, 98.

Broods, 82.

Coloration, 98.

Description, 81.

Distribution, 81.

Eggs, 82.

Excreta, removing, 132.

Feeding habits, 120, 124.

Feeding of hen by cock, 1 35.

Flocks, 153.

Food, 82.

Uregariousness, 153.

Incubation, 82, 119.

Migration, 81.

Nest, 82, 116, 119; by which sex
built, 82 ; site of, 82.

Nomenclature, 81.

Notes, 98, 141.

Roost, 146.

Sex-displays, 99, 134.

Song, 82, 98.

Young, food of, 120, 130 ; time in
nest, 82 ; by which parent fed,
82.
Bullfinch, Northern, iv. 468.

Russian, iv. 468.
Bull-spink, i. 67, 81.
Bully, i. 81.

Bully -blackhead, i. 81.
Bvlweria bulwerii, iv. 555.
bulwerii, BtUweria, iv. 555.
Bulwer's Petrel, iv. 555.
Buluter's sturmvogel, iv. 555.
Bumbarrel, ii. 171.
Bungy-Martin, ii. 282.
Bunte Drossel, iv. 481.
Buntfiirsitje Sturmschwalbe, iv. 553.



Bunting, Blackheaded, i. 162 ; iv.

470.
Bunting, Ctrl, i. 161 ; iv. G14.

Broods, 162.

Description, 161.

Displays, love, 177.

Distribution, 161 ; iv. 614.

Eggs, 162.

Food, 102.

Habitat, 161.

Incubation, 162.

Migration, 161.

Nest, 161, 187 ; how made, 161 ;
site of, 161.

Nesting habits, 102.

Nomenclature, 161.

Notes, 189.

Song, 162, 188 ; iv. 614.

Young, feeding of, 102 ; food of,

162.
Bunting, Corn. i. 157, 169.

Broods, 158.

Character, 170.

Description, 157.

Displays, love, 174-6.

Distribution, 157.

Eggs, 158.

Feeding habits, 1 93.

Food, 158.

Gregariousness, 192.

Habitat, 157.

Incubation, 158.

Migration, 158.

Nest, 158 ; by which sex built,
158 ; how made, 158.

Nesting habits, 158.

Nest, site of, 158.

Nomenclature, 157.

Roost, 193.

Song, 158, 170, 171, 176.

Young, feeding of, 158 ; food of,

158 ; how fed, 158.
Bunting, East Siberian Meadow, iv.

472.

Eastern Marsh, iv. 474.
Bunting, Lapland, i. 166 ; iv. 614.

Character, 177.
Description, 166.
Displays, love, 178.
Distribution, 167; iv. 614.
Food, 167.

Gregariousuess, 195, 197.
Migration, 167.
Nomenclature, 166.
Notes, 182.
Song, 167, 180.
Bunting, Lark, i. 157.

Little, iv. 473.
Meadow, iv. 471.

Bunting, Reed, i. 162, 173; iv. 614.
Broods, 163.
Character, 173.
Coloration, 173.
Description, 162 iv. 614.
Displays, love, 174.



Bunting, Reed continued.

Distribution, 163.

Eggs, 163.

Feigning injury, 189.

Food, 163.

Gregariousness, 173.

Habitat, 173.

Incubation, 163.

Migration, 163.

Nest, 163.

Nesting habits, 185.

Nests, second and third, 163; site
of, 163.

Nomenclature, 162.

Song, 164, 174.

Young, 164 ; feeding of, 164 ; food

of, 164.
Bunting, Rock, iv. 471.

Rustic, iv. 472.
Bunting, Snow, i. 164, 177 ; iv. 614.

Broods, 166.

Character, 117, 196.

Coloration, 196.

Description, 164.

Displays, love, 177.

Distribution, 165 ; iv. 614.

Eggs, 166.

Feeding habits, 195.

Flocks, 165.

Food, 166.

Gregariousness, 194, 196.

Habitat, 196.

Incubation, 166.

Migration, 165.

Nest, 166 ; by which sex made, 166,
184; how made, 184; site of,
166.

Nesting habits, 184.

Nomenclature, 164.

Notes, 182.

Song, 166, 177, 181.

Young, by which parent fed, 166 ;

feeding of, 166.

Bunting, Western Marsh, iv. 473.
Bunting, Yellow, i. 159 ; iv. 614.

Broods, 166.

Character, 172.

Coloration, 172.

Description, 159.

Displays, love, 177.

Distribution, 159 ; iv. 614.

Eggs, 160.

Food, 160.

Gregariousness, 198.

Incubation, 160.

Migration, 160.

Nest, 160, 187; built by both sexes,

160 ; site of, 160.
Nesting habits, 186.

Nomenclature, 159.

Song, 160, 171.

Young, by which parent fed, 160 ;

feeding of, 160 ; food of, 160.
Bunting, Yellowbreasted, iv. 471.
Buntupecht Grosser, ii. 322.



G44



INDEX



Buntspecht kleiner, ii. 323.
Burgomaster, iii. 130.
Burhinus, iv. 618.
Burrow Duck, iv. 189.
Busard cendre, iv. 98.

dee marais, iv. 94.

St. Martin, iv. 96.

Buse bondrde, iv. 534.

commune, iv. 113.

pattue, iv. 115.

Bush-Quail, iv. 530.

Bustard, Asiatic Ruffed, iv. 527.
Bustard, Great, iii. 541, 544.

Broods, 543.

Description, 541.

Display, love, 547, 549, 550.

Distribution, 542, 545.

Eggs, 542, 550.

Feeding habits, 543, 555.

Fights, 548.

Flocks, 553.

Food, 543.

Habitat, 542, 545.

Incubation, 543, 549, 551.

Migration, 542.

Nest, 542, 550 ; how made, 542 ;
site of, 542.

Nesting habits, 542, 549.

Nomenclature, 541.

Persecution, 544.

Polygamy, 550.

Reintroduction of, 545.

Young, 541, 543, 551 ; defence of,
551 ; feeding of, 553 ; food of,
553.
Bustard, Little, iv. 526.

Macqueen's, iv. 527.
But-for-but, iv. 45.
Butcher-bird, ii. 237.
Buteo buteo, iv. 113.

lagopus, iv. 115.

vulgarie, iv. 113.
Butorides virescens, iv. 550.
Butterbump, iv. 330.
Buzzard, iv. 113, 117.

Broods, 115.

Cannibalism, 120.

Coloration, 113.

Description, 113.

Distribution, 113.

Feeding habits, 118, 119.

Food, 115, 118, 119.

Gregariousness, 114.

Habitat, 113, 118.

Incubation, 114, 119, 120.

Larder, 119.

Migration, 114.

Nest, 114; how made, 114; site

of, 114.

Nesting habits, 114.
Nomenclature, 113.
Pellets disgorged, 118.
Persecution, 117.
Structural character, 117.
Varieties, 113.



Buzzard ccrnt inued.

Young, 113; defence of, 119, 120;
feeding of, 115, 119, 120; food
of, 115.

Buzzard, Honey, iv. 534.
Buzzard, Hough-legged, iv. 115, 117.

Distribution, 115.

Feeding habits, 118, 119.

Food, 116, 118, 119.

Habitat, 115, 118.

Migration, 116.

Nomenclature, 115.

Persecution, 117.

Structural characters, 117.

Young, 115 ; feeding of, 116 ; food

of, 116.
Cabaret, i. 72.
Caccabis rufa, iv. 42.
cachinnans, Lams, iv. 512.
Cadder, i. 7.
cceruleiis, Elating, iv. 535.

Parus, ii. 181, 182.

Porphyrio, iv. 530.

ccesla, Sitta, ii. 213.

Caille, iv. 45.

calandra, Emberiza, i. 157.

Calandra Lark, iv. 475.

Calandra melanocorypha, iv. 475.

nera, iv. 474.

Calandrella brachydactyla, iv. 475.
Calandro, i. 233.
Calcarius lapponicus, i. 166.
calendula, Kegidus, iv. 490.
Calidris arenaria, iii. 433.

leucoph&a, iii. 433.

calidris Totanus, iii. 445.
calliope, Luscinia, iv. 486.
Calloo, iv. 253.
campestris, Antlius, i. 233.

Colaptes, ii. 330.
Canada-Goose, iv. 539.
canadensis, Branta, iv. 539.

Megalornis, iv. 528.

Canapiglia, iv. 194.
Canapino, iv. 492.

maggiore, iv. 491.
Canard a tete grise, iv. 544.

de Miquelon, iv. 253.

espagnol, iv. 542.

histrion, iv. 544.

hnppe", iv. 542.

Sauvage, iv. 191.

siffleur, iv. 207.
canarius, Serinus, iv. 465.
candicans, Falco, iv. 133.
candidus, Himantopus, iv. 517.
caneecens, Totanus, iii. 447.
cannabina, Linota, i. 75, 101, 115.
Cannaiola, ii. 19.

verdognola, ii. 21.
Cannareccione, iv. 492.
canorus, Cuculus, ii. 458, 462.
cantiaca, Sterna, iii. 66.
cantiana, JEgialitis, iii. 318.
cantillans, Sylvia, iv. 488.



canus, Lams, iii. 120.
Canutus canulus, iii. 430.
canutus Tringa, iii. 430.
caparoch, Sumia, iv. 503.
Cape Pigeon, iv. 556.
capense, Daption, iv. 556.
capensis, Pycnonotus, iv. 498.
Caper, iv. 1.
CapercaiUie, iv. 1, 14.

Broods, 3.

Claws, shedding of, 27.

Coloration, 1, 22, 25.

Description, 1.

Distribution, 2, 13.

Eggs, 2.

Enemies, 14.

Feeding habits, 14, 21.

Fights, 30.

Food, 3, 14, 21.

Habitat, 2, 13, 14, 15.

Habits, burrowing, 20 ; in cold
weather, 14.

Migration, 2, 20.

Mortality, 33.

Nest, 2 ; how made, 2 ; site of, 2,
33.

Nesting habits, 2, 32.

Nomenclature, 1.

Notes, 14.

Persecution, 14.

Plumages, 25.

Reintroduction of, 13, 33.

Roost, 20.

Winter weather, in, 14.

Young, 1 ; feeding of, 3 ; food of

3.

Capercailzie, iv. 1.
Capinera, ii. 5.
Capovaccajo, iv. 531.
Capped-Petrel, iv. 555.
Cappellaccia, iv. 475.
Gaprimulgus cegyptius, ii. 364 ; iv.

502.

europcKus, ii. 362.

ruficollis, ii. 364; iv. 501.
Captain, i. 69.

carbo, Phalacrocorax, iv. 352.
Cardellino, i. 69 ; iv. 464.
Carduelis britannica, i. 69.

carduelis, i. 69, 113.

c. carduelis, iv. 464.

citrinella, iv. 465.

elegans, i. 69, 113.

spinus, i. 71.
Carolina-Crake, iv. 529.
Carolina, Porzana, iv. 529.
Carolina-Rail, iv. 529.
carolinense, Nettion, iv. 540.
carolinensis, Anas crecca, iv. 540.
Carpodacus erythrinus, iv. 469.
Carr-Swallow, iii. 55.
Carrion-Crow, i. 2, 18, 19.
caryocatactes, Nucijraga, i. 10.

c. Nucifraga, iv. 463.

Casarca ferruginea, iv. 540.



INDEX



045



" finti'i-H't, iv. ."> in.

tadorne, iv. ."VIM.

i-iiKjiin, >'/ mo, i\. ."iO!l.
Caspian-Plover, iv. .~>lo.

Tern, iv. 509.
Casae-noix, iv. 463.
Costognevx, iv. 413.

castro, OceanodrontH, iv. .~i.V2.
cnlnrrhactes, Megalr*ti-is, iii. 195.
Catpoll, iii. 315.
Catyogle, ii. 387, 391.
'""/iifuta, Aeanthyllit, iv. oOl.

Outturn, ii. 3.">2.

caudatus, *Ettitli'i/n*, ii. 171, 184; iv.

495.

Cavalier d'lt't/i'i, iv. .517.
Caw-rlaw, i. 7.
cenchris, Falco, iv. .~>37.
<' l>/>hu8 grylle, iii. 7.
Cernicalo, iv. 140.
Certhi'i Ir'it/'iii'i'-'i, i. '278.

familiaris, i. 278.

_/. familiaris, i. 429.

ctrthiola, Locmltlln, iv. 493.
cervim/8, Anthus, iv. 477.
Ceryle alcyon, iv. 505.
Cesena fosca, iv. 480.

ce, Cettia, iv. 493.

<7e'< cei, iv. 493.

Cetti's Rohrsfinrjtr, iv. 493.

Cetti's Warbler, iv. 493.

Chcetura caudacuta, ii. 35'2 ; iv. 501.

Chaffinch, i. 67, 93, 121.

Broods, 68.

Coloration, 100.

Description, 67.

Displays, love, 93-95.

Distribution, 67.

Eggs, 68 ; date of laying, 68.

Excreta, removing, 132.

Feeding habits, 120-2, 124-130.
of hen by cock, 135.

Fights, song, 93.

Food, 68.

Gregariousness, 148, 151-2, 155.

Incubation, 68, 119.

Migration, 68.

Nest, 68, 111, 119 ; how made, 68,
111; site of, 68.

Nomenclature, 67.

Notes, 136.

Roost, 146.

Song, 68, 100, 136.

Song-flight, 93.

Young, feeding of, 121, 124, 130 ;
food of, 120, 130; how many
times fed, 122 ; quitting nest,
123; time in nest, 68.
Chamchider, ii. 22.
Channel-Goose, iv. 364.
Charadrins apricarius, iii. 321.

asiaticus, iv. 515.
d. dominicus, iv. 516.

dominiciis julvus, iv. 516.
dvhius, iv. 515.

VOL. IV.



Chani'li-iiif /,/itrinfi*, iii. 321.

voctf trii. <, iv. ."ilG.
Charbob, i. 67.
Chardon-Hi nt, iv. 464.
Chardanneret, i. 69.
Chat-huant, ii. 381.
Cliauk-Daw, i. !l.
Checker, iii. 456.
Checkerel, iii. 456.

i-HjiiIti, ii. '280; iv. 499.
t, ii. 277.

urbica, ii. 282.
Chen hyperbortiiK, iv. 538.
Chenalopex (egyptinciif, iv. 539.
Cherry-finch, i. 65.
Cherry-sucker, ii. 261.
Chettusia gregaria, iv. 517.
Chevalier brun, iv. 524.

cul-blanc, iii. 442.
gambette, iii. 445.

grit, iii. 447.
stagnatile, iv. 522.

sylvain, iii. 440.
Cheveche, ii. 389.
Cheverel, i. 69.
Chtvre volant?, iii. 275.
Chiffchaff, ii. 13, 58 ; iv. 616.

Broods, 15.
Coloration, 13.
Description, 13.
Displays, love, 64.
Distribution, 13; iv. 616.
Eggs, 15.
Enemies, 69.
Feeding habits, 15, 67.

of hen by cock, 67.
Feigning injury, 68.
Fights, 64.
Food, 15.

Gregariousness, 69.
Habitat, 13, 62.
Incubation, 15.
Laying date of, 1 5.
Migration, 14, 63, 70.
Mimicry, 60.

Movements, local, 14, 63.
Nest, 14, 15, 66, 67 ; how made,

14 ; site of, 14, 66.
Nesting habits, 14.
Nomenclature, 13.
Notes, 61, 67.
Numerical increase, 62.
Song, 15, 58, 60.
Song-flight, 65.
Song-period, 15, 70.
Young, care of, 67, 68 ; feeding of,

15, 67 ; food of, 15, 67 ; time in

nest, 68.
Chiffchaff, Scandinavian, iv. 490.

Siberian, iv. 489.
Chimney-Swallow, ii. 277.
Chionie alba, iv. 513.
Chip-chop, ii. 13.
Chipeau-bruyant, iv. 194.
Chippet-linet, i. 72.

4N



Chiurlo maggiore, iii. 454.

piccolo, iii. 456.
Chiurlotello, iv. 525.
Chivey, i. 72.
Moris, Lifjtirinus, i. 64.
r/i/i>i-n/,ii.t, i,'n//iiiH/a, iii. 562.
Choice and cheap, ii. 13.
Choucas, i. 7.

Chouette Tengmalm, iv. 502.
Chough, i. 3, 7, 9, 60.

Broods, 10.

Captivity, 60.

Character, 60.

Description, 9.

Distribution, 10.

Eggs, 10.

Emotion, 60.

Feeding habits, 61.
of hen by male, 61.

Food, 10.

Gregariousness, 61, 62.

Hoarding, 60.

Incubation, 10.

Laying, date of, 10.

Migration, 10.

Nest, 10 ; site, 10, 61, 62 ; built'by
both sexes, 10.

Nomenclature, 9.

Non-breeding birds, 62.

Notes, 63.

Pairs for life, 61.

Rarity, season of, 62.

Roost, 62.

Sex-displays, 61.

Song, 63.

Young, food of, 10; quitting 'nest,
62 ; time in nest, 10 ; by which
parent fed, 10.
Chough, Alpine, i. 10.
chryscetus, Aquila, iv. 78.
Chrysomitris citrine/la, iv. 465.
Chueker, i. 324.
Church-owl, ii. 379.
Churn-owl, ii. 362.
cio, Emberiza, iv. 471.
Ciconia alba, iv. 551.

ciconia, iv. 551.

nigra, iv. 551.

Cigno minore, iv. 173.
reale, iv. 175.

selvatico, iv. 171.
Cigogna, iv. 551.

nera, iv. 551.
Cigogne, iv. 551.

noir, iv. 551.
Cincia bigia, ii. 178.

col ciufo, ii. 183 ; iv. 496.

mora, ii. 176 ; iv. 495.
Cinciallegra, ii. 175.
Cinciarella, ii. 182.
Cindus aqvaticns, i. 297.

britannicus, i. 297, 299 ; iv. 615.

cinclus, i. 299.

c. cinclus, iv. 479.

hibernicwfi, i. 299.



G40



INDEX



cineracens, Circus, iv. 98.
cinerea, Alauda, iv. 476.

Ardea, iv. 326.
- Perdix, iv. 39.

Syhna, ii. 1.

Terekia, iv. 524.
cinereocapilla, Motacilla, iv. 477.
cinereus, Anser, iv. 150.
Giro, iv. 465.
cioides, Emberiza, iv. 472.
circia, Querquedula, iv. 205.
Circus aeruginosus, iv. 94.
cineraceus, iv. 98.

cyaneus, iv. 96.

pygargus, iv. 98 ; iv. 619.
Cirl-Bunting, i. 161.

cirlus, Emberiza, i. 161.
Citril-Finch, iv. 465.
citrinella, Carduelis, iv. 465.

Chrysomitris, iv. 465.

Emberiza, i. 159, 169.
Ciuffolotto, i. 81.

del pinete, iv. 469.

maggiore, iv. 468.

Civetta, ii. 389.

capogrosso, iv. 502.

deKa ni,'e, ii. 391.

Clamator glandarius, iv. 505, 617.
Clangida albeola, iv. 543.

clangula, iv. 250.

j;Zact(m, iv. 250.

clarkei, Turdus, i. 319 ; iv. 615.

Clatter-Goose, iv. 158.

Cliff-culver, ii. 503.

Cliff-Daw, i. 9.

Cliffhawk, iv. 134.

Clodhopper, i. 331.

Clod-Lark, i. 157.

Cloup, i. 2.

dypeata, Spatula, iv. 196.

Coalgoose, iv. 352.

Coalhead, ii. 178.

Coal-hood, i. 81 ; ii. 176.

Coal-hoodie, ii. 5.

Coal-kip, iii. 55.

Coal-Tit, British, ii. 176, 190.

Continental, iv. 495.

Irish, ii. 177.

Cob, iii. 120, 122, 125, 128 ; iv. 175.
Cobble, iv. 435.
Cobbler's-awl, iii. 413.

awl duck, iii. 413.

Coccothraustes coccothraustes, i. 65.

vulgaris, i. 65.

Coccystes glandarius, iv. 505, 617.
Coccyzus americamis, iv. 505.

erythrophthalmus, iv. 506.
Cochevis almiette huppte, iv. 475.
Cock o' the North, i. 68.

Cock of the Woods, iv. 1.
Cocou-geai, iv. 505.
- Codibugnolo, ii. 171.
Codirosso, i. 338.

spazzacamino, i. 340.
Codona capo bianco, iv. 495.



Codone, iv. 199.

Calebs, Fringitla, i. 67, 93, 121.
cailestis Gallinago, iii. 275.
Colaptes auratus, iv. 500.

campestris, ii. 330.
colchicus, Phasiamis, iv. 36.
Goldfinch, ii. 263.
Collared-Flycatcher, iv. 498.

- Petrel, iv. 555.

Pratincole, iv. 513.
collaris, Accentor, iv. 494.

Muscicapa, iv. 498.

Prunella, iv. 494.
collurio, Lanius, ii. 237.
collybita, Pkylloscopus, ii. 13.
Colombaccio, ii. 499.
Colombe, ii. 501.

biset, ii. 503.

ramier, ii. 499.
Columba livia, ii. 503.
anas, ii. 501.

palumbus, ii. 499.
Colunibaccio, ii. 501.
columbianus, Cygnus, iv. 540.
Colymbiformes, iv. 405, 435.
Colymbug adamsi, iv. 557.

arcticus, iv. 437.

auritus, iv. 409.

cristatus, iv. 405.

glacialis, iv. 435.

grieeigena, iv. 407.

nigricollis, iv. 411.

ruficollis, iv. 413.

septentrionalis, iv. 440.
comala, Macropteryx, ii. 357.
combattant, paon de mer, iii. 435.
Commacchi nera, i. 2.
Common-Curlew, iii. 454, 529.

Eider, iv. 256.

Gull, iii. 120, 155.

Sandpiper, iii. 438, 495.

- Shelduck, iv. 189.

Snipe, iii. 275, 300.
Tern, iii. 57, 75.



communis, Gfms, iv. 527.

Sylvia, ii. 1.

Turtur, ii. 505.
Continental Barn-Owl, iv. 502.

Goldfinch, iv. 464.

Great-Tit, ii. 175.

Jay, iv. 463.
Coot, iii. 564, 599.

Broods, 566.
Coloration, 564.
Description, 564.
Display, love, 602.
Distribution, 564.
Eggs, 564, 603.
Enemies, 607, 608.
Feeding habits, 601, 608.
Fights, 601, 602.
Flocks, 605, 606.
Food, 566, 600.
Gregariousness, 602.
Habitat, 564, 599.



Coot continued.

Incubation, 566, 603.

Migration, 564.

Nest, 564, 603 ; how made, 565,

603 ; site of, 565, 603.
Nesting habits, 565, 603.
Nocturnal habits, 608.
Nomenclature, 564.
Notes, G05.

Progression, mode of, 607.
Roost, 603, 609.
Structural characters, 599.
Young, 564, 603, 604 ; feeding of,

566, 604 ; food of, 566 ; notes

of, 604.
Coot, Hollowbilled, iv. 545.

Skuukheaded, iv. 545.

Spectacled, iv. 545.
Copper-finch, i. 67.
Copper-head, i. 78.

Cog de Bruyere, iv. 1, 3.
Coracias abyssinicits, iv. 504.

benghalensis, iv. 504.

garrulw, ii. 422.
corax, Corpus, i. 1 , 11.
Corbeau, i. 1.

manteld, i. 3.
Corbie, i. 1.

-crow, i. 1,2.
crow, great, i. 1.

Cormoran huppe, iv. 354.
Cormorano, iv. 352.
Cormorant, iv. 352, 619.

Broods, 354.

Colonies, 359.

Coloration, 352.

Description, 352, 619.

Distribution, 352.

Eggs, 354.

Feeding habits, 354, 357, 358.

Food, 354, 357.

Gregariousness, 353, 358.

Habitat, 352, 357.

Incubation, 354, 359.

Migration, 353.

Nest, 354, 358 ; how made, 354,

358 ; site of, 354, 358.
Nesting habits, 354, 358.
Nomenclature, 352.
Notes, 360.
Regurgitation, 360.
Stench, 359.

Trained for fishing, 360.

Voracity, 358.

Young, 352, 359 ; feeding of, 354,

359 ; food of, 354, 359.
Cormorant, Crested, iv. 354.

Green, iv. 354.
Corn-Bunting, i. 157.
Comacchid, i. 3.
Corncrake, iii. 555, 567.
Corneille, i. 2.
Cornish-Crow, i. 9.

- Daw, i. 9.
comix, Corvus, i. 3, 18, 19.



INDEX



647



conMa, Tailormi. iv. I Sit.
cm-one, Corvus, i. 2, 18, 19.
Corriere asiatico, iv. .">1.~>.
grosso, iii. 315.

piccolo, iv. 515.
Corrione biondo, iv. 514.
Corsican-Woodehat, iv. 498.
( '<irrid<X, i. 1.

i brtK) imptria.lt, i. 1.

nero, i. 4.
Carpus corax, i. 1 , 11.

- comix, i. 3, 18, 19.

eorone, i. 2, 18, 19.

frugilegus, i. 4, 28.

hinpanuK, i. 1.

monedula, i. 7, 2S.

paetinator, i. 32.

Cotmonetta histrtonicui, iv. 544.
Cofile riparia, ii. 284.
Coturnix commmiis, iv. 4.5.

fotnrni.c, iv. 4.~>.
Coucou, ii. 458.
Coulter neb, iii. 1 1 .
Courtis a bee grfle, iv. 525.

cendre, iii. 454.

coMrfiew, iii. 456.
Courser, Crearaooloured, iv. 514.
Conrri/t iixtliif/inv, iv. 514.
Covey-don, iv. 244.

Covie, iv. 247.
Cow-bird, i. 65, 226.
Craff, i. 76.
Crag-ouzel, i. 329.
Crake, Baillon's, iv. 529.

Carolina, iv. 529.
Crake, Corn, vol. iii. 555.

Broods, 557, 573.

Coloration, 554.

Description, 554.

Display, love, 570.

Distribution, f>54.

Eggs, 556, 571.

Enemies, 572.

Feeding habits, 557, ~>~'2.

Feigning death, 570.
injury, 570.

Fights, 569.

Flocks, 573.

Food, 557.

Habitat, 554.

Incubation, 557, 571.

Migration, 55C, 567.

Nest, 556 ; how made, 556 ; site
of, 556, 570.

Nesting habits, 556, 572.

Nomenclature, 554.

Notes, 567, 570.

Structural characters, 569.

Young, 557, 572 ; feeding of, 557,

572 ; food of, 557, 572.
Crake, Little, iv. 528.
Crake, Spotted, iii. 557.

Broods, 559.

Coloration, 557-

Description, 557.



Crake, Spotted contin

Display, love, 577.

Distribution, 558.

Eggs, 559, 576.

Feeding habits, 559.

Food, 559.

Habitat, 558, .".7">.

Incubation, 559, 579.

Migration, 558, 580.

Nest, 559, 576, 577, 578 ; how
made, 559 ; site of, 5.">i), 576.

Nesting habits, 559, 575.

Nomenclature, 557.

Notes, 578.

Young, 558, 579.
Crane, iv. 326, 528.

African Crowned, iv. 528.

American Brown, iv. 528.

- Demoiselle, iv. 528.
Crasset-Hawk, iv. 140.
Crave, i. 9.

Creamcoloured Courser, iv. 514.
crecca, Nettion, iv. 202.

Creeper, Tree, i. 278, 280; iv. 615.

Broods, 279.

Character, 280.

Coloration, 280, 283.

Description, 278.

Displays, love, 283.

Distribution, 278.

Eggs, 279.

Enemies, 284.

Feeding habits, 280-2, 285.

Food, 279.

Gregariousness, 285.

Habitat, 278.

Incubation, 279.

Migration, 278.

Mortality, 285.

Nest, 279, 283 ; how made, 283 ;
site of, 279.

Nesting habits, 283.

Nomenclature, 278.

Notes, 282.

Roost, 284.

Song, 279, 282.

Structural characters, 281.

Young, 284 ; feeding of, 279, 284 ;

food of, 279.
Creeper, Scandinavian, iv. 615.

- Wall, iv. 479.
crepidatus, Stercorariitg, iii. 199.
Cresserelle, iv. 140.
Crested-Tit, Scottish, ii. 183, 207.
Crew, iv. 385.

Crex crex, iii. 555.

pratensii, 555.

Crick, iv. 202, 205.
Cricket-bird, ii. 26.

Teal, iv. 205.
cristata, Fvligula, iv. 244.
cristatus, Colymbm, iv. 405.

- Parus, ii. 183, 184; iv. 616.

Begulus, ii. 10.

Crofcolont, iii. 274.



/, i. 79.

delle pinete, iv. 467.
fasciato, iv. 468.

Crossbill, i. 79, 84, 86, 87, 89 ; iv. 613.

Broods, 80.

Coloration, 86, 125.

Description, 79.

Displays, love, 119; iv. 614.

Distribution, 79; iv. 614.

Eggs, 80.

Excreta, removing, 132.

Feeding habits, 84, 88, 120, 125,
128, 130, 132.

of hen by cock, 125.

Song, 119, 146.

Food, 81, 87, 88.

Gregariousness, 149.

Habitat, 80, 126.

Incubation, 80, 81, 119.

Mandibles, begin to cross, iv. 614.

Migration, 80.

Nest, 80, 118, 119; how made, 80;
by which sex built, 80 ; site of, 68.