sibiricus, iv. 481.

torquatus, i. 329.

torquatus alpestris, i v. 481.

torquatus torquatus, iv. 615.

varius, iv. 481.
viscivorus, i. 317.

Turmfalke, iv. 140.

Tumix sylvatica, iv. 530.

Turnock, iii. 114.

Turnstone, iii. 389, 406 ; iv. 618.

Description, 389; iv. 618.

Distribution, 391.

Eggs, 391.

Enemies, 408.

Feeding habits, 410 ; co-operation
of, in feeding, 411.



Turnstone contintu <!.

Feigning injury, 409.

Flocks, 409.

Food, 392, 411.

Incubation, 392.

Migration, 391, 409.

Nest, 391, 407; how made, 391,
407 ; site of, 391, 407.

Nesting habits, 391, 407.

Nomenclature, 389.

Notes, 407.

Persecution, 408.

Swimming of, 412.

Young, 391 ; feeding of, 392 ; food

of, 932.

Turteltaube, ii. 505.
Turtle-Dove, ii. 505, .V22.
Turtur communis, ii. 505.
orientalis, iv. 506.

turtur, ii. 505, 522.

Twink, i. 67.

Twite, i. 74, 107; iv. 613.

Esthetic taste, 108.

Broods, 75.

Coloration, 97.

Courtship, 97.

Description, 74.

Displays, love, 97.

Distribution, 74; iv. 613.

Eggs, 75.

Excreta, removing, 132.

Feeding of hen by cock, 135.

Food, 75.

Gregariousness, 150, 151.

Habitat, 74, 107.

Incubation, 75.

Migration, 74.

Nest, 75, 108, 117; adornment,
107 ; building, 116 ; how made,
79 ; site, 75.

Nomenclature, 74.

Notes, 139.

Roost, 146.

Sex-displays, 97.

Song, 97, 100, 139.
-period, 75.

Young, by whicli parent fed, 75 ;
food of, 75, 120, 129, 130 ; how
fed, 129, 130, 132.
Tystie, iii. 7.
Tyto alba, ii. 379.

alba guttata, iv. 502.

Uccello delle tempeste, iv. 380.

delle tempeste a coda forcut", iv.

382.

Ujer-Sanderling, iii. 433.
UJerschwalbe, ii. 284.
Uhu, iv. 504.
Ullet, ii. 379.
ulula, Surnia, iv. 503.
undata, Sylvia, ii. 8.
Upland Plover, iv. 521.
Upupa epops, ii. 433.
nrlrica, Chelidon, ii. 282.



INDEX



087



/, H'mindo, ii. 2V-'.
iii. 3.

iinichi, iv. 50G.
", iv. 500.

- Iroile, iii. 3.
urogtil/11.", Ti I I-KO, iv. 1.
Utick, i. 333.

iu ;//,'/'</<'.>'. iv. 517.

- nmillus, iii. 32.1.

- rulyarie, iii. 82.1.

- /i//iV, iii. 325.
pluvier, iii. 323.
Vanwinged-Ha\vk, iv. 136.

'.-, Tin'ilii*, \v. 481.
\'nni<:tif il'It/i/jite, iv. 531.

- fative, iv. 531.
Velvet-Scoter, iv. 262.
r< (!</(> alpin, iv. 465.
1"> iiturone, iv. 465.

('. /'/;, r, i. (H.
I"i i-iluii' in!*/ into, iv. 469.
I', i-zillino, iv. 465.
vezpertinus, Fnlco, iv. 536.
N ' /'/!, Pori'Iit/rio, iv. 530.
rillosus, Dryohntes, iv. 500.
virescens, Butorides, iv. 550.
virgo, Anthropoides, iv. 528.
i-'i-i'l'inus, Phyttoscopus, iv. 489.
'/.i, GecimiK, ii. 318.
Atotacilla, iv. 476.

s, ii. 318.
K, Tuning, i. 317.



roc(/era, ^Egialitis, iv. 516.
vocj/enM, Charadrim, iv. 516.
Volpoca, iv. 189.
Voltapietre, iii. 389.
Voltolino, iii. 557.
vulgaris, Buteo, iv. 113.

- Coccothraustes, i. 65.

- Sturntis, ii. 105.

Vanellus, iii. 325.
Vulture, Egyptian, iv. 531.

- Griffon, iv. 531.

Wabble, iv. 440.

Wacholderdrossel, i. 324.

Wachtel, iv. 45.

Waeg, iii. 132.

Wagtail, Arctic Yellow, iv. 476.

Ashyheaded, iv. 477.
- Blackhearted, iv. 477.

Wagtail, Blueheaded, i. 228 ; iv. 614.
Broods, 229.
Description, 228.
Displays, love, 240.
Distribution, 228 ; iv. 6 1 4.
Eggs, 229.

Feeding habits, 246-8.
Food, 229.
Gregariousness, 255.
Incubation, 229.
Migration, 228.
Nest, 229.
Nomenclature, 228.



Wagtail, Blueheaded- <-i:iiiiiui-<!.

Ron^t. _>.">.">.

. 22'.i, 2,12. 2 .14.

Young, feeding of, 229, 245, 247.

'-os' Yellow, iv. 47(1.
Wagtail, Grey, i. 224 ; iv. 014.

Brood-, 22.1.

Description, '2'24.

Displays, love, 2:'.'.t.

Distribution, 22,1; iv. 614.

Eggs, 22.1.

Feeding habits, 246-8.

Food, 226.

Gregariousness, 2.1.1.

Habitat, 225.

Incubation. 22.1.

Migration, 22.1.

Nest, 225.

Nomenclature, 224.

Roost, 256.

Song, 229, 252, 254.

Young, feeding of, 229, 24.1, 247.
Wagtail, Greyheaded, iv. 476.
Wagtail, Pied, i. 221 ; iv. 614.

Broods, 223.

Description. 221.

Displays, love, 241, 257.

Distribution, 222 ; iv. 614.

Eggs, 222.

Feeding habits, 246-8.

Food, 223.

Gregariousness, 255.

Incubation, 223.

Migration, 222.

Nest, 222 ; how made, 222 ; site,
222.

Nesting habits, 258.
in autumn, 258.

Nomenclature, 221.

Roost, 255-7.

Song, 223, 252, 254, 257.

Young, feeding of, 223, 245, 247 ;

food of, 223.
Wagtail, Rock, i. 224.
Wagtail, White, i. 223 ; iv. 614.

Broods, 224.

Description, 223.

Distribution, 223 ; iv. 614.

Eggs, 224.

Feeding habits, 246-8.

Food, 224.

Gregariousness, 255.

Incubation, 224.

Migration, 223.

Nest, 224.

Nesting habits, 242.

Nomenclature, 223.

Notes, 253.

Roost, 255.

Song, 224, 253, 254.

Young, feeding of, 224, 245, 247.
Wagtail, Yellow, i. 226 ; iv. 614.

Broods, 227.

Description, 226; iv. 614.

Displays, love, 240.



Wagtail, Yellow

Distribution, 220 ; iv. 614.

Eggs, 227.

Feeding habite, 246-8.

Food, 228.

Gregariousness, 255.

Ilal.itat, 227.

Incubation, 227.

Migration, 227.

Nest, 227 ; how made, 227 ; site,
227.

Nests, second, 227.

Nomenclature, 220.

Notes, 254.

Roost, 256-7.

Song, 228, 253, 2.1-1.

Young, feeling of, 228, 245, 247 ;

food of, 228.
Waldammer, iv. 472.
Waldkauz, ii. 381.
Wiildlaulisanyer, ii. 17.
WcUdohreule, ii. 384.
Waldsehnepfe, iii. 269.
Wall-bird, ii. 261.

-chat, ii. 261.

-creeper, iv. 479.

-robin, ii. 261.

Wanderdroud, iv. 482.

Wanderfalke, iv. 134.

Warbler. Aquatic, ii. 22 ; iv. 616.

Broods, 26.

Character, 70.

Coloration, 25.

Description, 25.

Distribution, 25; iv. 616.

Eggs, 26.

Food, 26.

Habitat, 25, 70.

Incubation, 26.

Laying, date of, 26.

Migration, 25, 71.

Nest 26 ; how made, 26 ; site of,
26.

Nomenclature, 25.

Song, 26, 71.

Young, care of, 80 ; food of, 26.
Warbler, Arctic Willow, ii. 17 ; iv. 616.

Coloration, 17.

Description, 17.

Distribution, 17 ; iv. 616.

Habitat, 17.

Migration, 15, 17.

Nomenclature, 17.
Warbler, Barred, iv. 487.
Blyth's Reed, iv. 493.

Brownbacked, iv. 491.

Cetti's, iv. 493.
Warbler, Dartford, ii. 8 ; iv. OH).

Broods, 9, 43, 46.

Captivity, 44.

Character, 42.

Coloration, 8.

Description, 8.

Displays, love, 45.

Distribution, 9 ; iv. 616.



G88



INDEX



Warbler, Dartford continued.
Eggs, 9.
Enemies, 43.
Feeding habits, 9, 47.
Food, 9, 47.
Habitat, 9, 42, 45, 47.
Incubation, 9.
Migration, 9, 42, 47.
Movements, local, 42.
Nest, 9, 46 ; how made, 9, 46 ; site

of, 9, 45.
Nesting habits, 9.
Nomenclature, 8.
Notes, 44, 47.
Progression, mode of, 44.
Song, 9, 44.
Winter habits, 47.
Young, 47 ; care of, 47 ; food of, j

9, 47.

Warbler, Eversmann's, iv. 490.
Warbler, Garden, ii. 6.
Broods, 8, 40.
Coloration, 6.
Description, 6.
Displays, love, 34, 35, 38.
Distribution, 7.
Eggs, 7, 8.
Enemies, 40.
Feeding habits, 8, 39.
Feigning injury, 34.
Fights, 33.
Food, 8.
Habitat, 7, 31.
Incubation, 8, 39.
Migration, 7, 33, 41.
Mortality, 41.
Nest, 7, 37, 38 ; how made, 8, 38 ;

site of, 7, 37.
Nesting habits, 35, 37.
Nomenclature, 6.
Notes, 7, 33.
Song, 8, 32, 34.
-period, 8.
Young, care of, 39 ; feeding of, 8,

38, 39 ; food of, 8, 38 ; time in

nest, 40.

Warbler, Grasshopper, ii. 26 ; iv. 610.
Broods, 28, 91.
Coloration, 26.
Concealment, mode of, 91.
Description, 26.
Displays, love, 88.
Distribution, 27 ; iv. 616.
Eggs, 28.

Feeding habits, 90, 92.
Food, 28.
Habitat, 27, 86.
Incubation, 28.
Laying, date, of 28.
Migration, 27, 92.
Nest, 28, 89 ; how made, 28, 89 :

site of, 28, 89.
Nesting habits, 89.
Nests, second, 91.
Nomenclature, 26.



Warbler, Grasshopper continued.
Notes, 91.

Progression, mode of, 88.
Song, 28, 71, 86.

Young, care of, 89-91 ; defence of,
90 ; feeding of, 90 ; food of, 28,
90 ; spots on tongue, 91.
Warbler, Great Reed, iv. 492.

Greenish Willow, iv. 489.
Icterine, iv. 491.

Lanceolated, iv. 494.

Warbler, Marsh, ii. 22; iv. 616.

Broods, 22, 81.

Character, 70.

Coloration, 21.

Description, 21.

Displays, love, 74.

Distribution, 21 ; iv. 616.

Eggs, 22, 80.

Excreta, removing, 80.

Fights, 72, 74.

Food, 22.

Habitat, 21, 70, 71.

Incubation, 22, 80; iv. 616.

Laying, date of, 22.

Migration, 22, 71, 72.

Mimicry, 83, 84, 85.

Nest, 22, 76 ; how made, 22, 74 ; iv.
79 ; site of, 22, 76.

Nesting habits, 74 ; iv.

Nests, second, 75, 80.

Nomenclature, 22.

Song, 22, 71, 73, 81, 83.

Young, care of, 80 ; food of, 22.
Warbler, Melodious, iv. 492.

Melodious Willow, iv. 492.

Orphean, iv. 487.

Pallas's Grasshopper, iv. 493.

- Pallas's Willow, iv. 489.

- Polyglot, iv. 492.

- Radde's Bush, iv. 491.
Warbler, Eeed, ii. 19 ; iv. 616.

Broods, 21, 81.

Coloration, 19.

Description, 19.

Displays, love, 74.

Distribution, 20 ; iv. 616.

Eggs, 20, 80.

Excreta, removing, of, 80.

Feeding habits, 80.

Fights, 72, 74.

Food, 21.

Habitat, 20, 70.

Incubation, 21, 80.

Laying, date of, 26.

Migration, 20, 71.

Mimicry, 83.

Nest, 20, 74, 79 ; how made, 20,

79 ; site of, 20, 74.
Nesting habits, 20, 74.
Nests, second, 75, 79.
Nomenclature, 19.
Song, 21, 71, 73, 81.
Young, care of, 80 ; feeding of, 21,

80; food of, 21.



Warbler, Rufous, iv. 490.

Sardinian, iv. 487.

Warbler, Savi's, ii. 9'2.

Habitat, 92.

Habits, 93.

Incubation, 93.

Nest, 93 ; how made, 93 ; site of,
93.

Nesting habits, 93.

Song, 93.
Warbler, Sedge, ii. 22.

Broods, 24, 81.

Character, 70.

Coloration, 22.

Description, 22.

Displays, love, 74.

Distribution, 23.

Eggs, 24, 80.

Excreta, removing of, 80.

Feeding habits, 80.

Fights, 72, 74.

Food, 24.

Habitat, 23, 70, 71.

Incubation, 24, 80.

Laying, date of, 24.

Migration, 23, 71, 72.

Mimicry, 83.

Nest, 24, 70 ; how made, 24, 74 ;
site of, 24, 76, 77.

Nesting habits, 74.

Nests, second, 75.

Nomenclature, 22.

Play, 81.

Song, 24, 71, 73, 81, 82.

flight, 81.

Young, care of, 80 ; feeding'of, 24,

80 ; food of, 24.
Warbler, Subalpine, iv. 488.
Temminck's Grasshopper, iv.

494.
Warbler, Willow, ii. 15.

Broods, 17.

Coloration, 15.

Description, 15.

Displays, love, 65.

Distribution, 15.

Eggs, 17.

Enemies, 69.

Feeding habits, 17, 62, 67.

of hen by cock, 67.

Feigning injury, 68.

Fights, 64.

Food, 17, 62.

Gregariousness, 69.

Habitat, 15, 62.

Incubation, 17.

Laying, date of, 17.

Migration, 16, 62, 63, 70.

Movements, local, 63.

Nest, 16, 67; how made, 17, 66';
site of, 16, 66.

Nesting habits, 16.

Nomenclature, 15.

Notes, 61.

Numerical increase, 62.



INDEX



089



Warbler, Willow

Play, 69.

Song, 17, 60.
- -flight, Or>.

Young, care of, 67, 68, 69 ; feeding
of, 17, 67 ; food of, 17, 67 ; time
in nest, 68.
Warbler, Wood, ii. 17.

Broods, 19.

Coloration, 17.

Description, 17.

Displays, love, 0.".

Distribution, 18.

Eggs, 19.

Enemies, 69.

Feeding habits, 19, 67.
of hen by cock, 67.

Feigning injury, 68.

Fights, 64.

Food, 19.

Gregariousness, 69.

Habitat, 18, 62.

Incubation, 19.

Laying, date of, 19.

Migration, 18, 63, 70.

Mimicry, 83.

Movements, local, 63.

Nest, 19, 67; how made, 19; site
of, 19, 66.

Nesting habits, 19.

Nomenclature, 17.

Notes, 61.

Nuptial-flight, 65.

Song, 19, 61.
- -flight, 65.

Young, care of, 67, 68 ; feeding of,
67 ; food of, 19, 67 ; time in
nest, 68.

Ware-Goose, iv. 158.
Waaserhuhn, iii. 564.
Wasserlaujer, iii. 447.
Wauar-pitper, i. 235.
Wasserralle, iii. 560.
WnMtrschwatzer, iv. 479.
Wasserstar, i. 297.
Water-blacky, i. 297.
Crow, i. 297.

drill, i. 297.

Waterhen, iii. 562.

Broods, 564.

Coloration, 562.

Description, 562.

Display, love, 589, 5^90.

Distribution, 562.

Eggs, 563, 592 ; covering up, 593.

Enemies, 594, 596.

Feeding habits, 564.

Fights, 588, 589.

Food, 564, 587.

Habitat, 562.

Incubation, 564.

Migration, 563.

Mortality, 596.

Nest, 563, 590, 592 ; how made,
563, 590 ; site of, 563, 590.



Waterhen contium </.

Nesting habits, 563, 588, 590.
Nests, third, 564 ; supernumerary,

591.

Nomenclature, 562.
Notes, 597.

Progression, mode of, 595.
Roost, 592, 594, 596.
Structural characters, 593.
Young, 562, 593 ; feeding of, 564,
593 ; food of, 564, 593 ; notes
of, 598.

Water Ouzel, i. 297.
- Pipit, i. 235.

- -pyet, i. 297.
-pyot, i. 297.

Rail, iii. 560, 581.

- -sparrow, i. 162.
Watty, i. 220.
Waxwing, ii. 156 ; iv. 616.

Breeding range, 159, 161.

Captivity, 168.

Coloration, 156.

Description, 156, 163-5.

Displays, love, 167.

Distribution, 156.

Eggs, 160.

Feeding habits, 166, 167.

Flocks, 159.

Food, 158, 161, 162, 167.

Gregariousness, 158, 168.

Habitat, 157, 159, 160, 161-2,
168.

Incubation, 167, 169.

Migration, 156, 157, 158-162.

Nest, 160; how made, 167; site
of, 160.

Nomenclature, 156.

Notes, 168.

Play, 160, 162.

Song, 168.

Structural characters, 156, 162,
163, 166.

Winter habits, 161, 167, 168.

Young, 165; feeding of, 167; food
of, 167; mouth, coloration of,
165.

Weasel-Wigeon, iv. 292.
Wedgeteiled-Gull, iv. 511.
Weetie, i. 67.
Weiden-Laubvogel, ii. 13.
Weidenammer, iv. 471.
Weindrossel, i. 322.
Weissbartige Seeechicalbf, iv. 508.

Straucheanger, iv. 488.

Weisse Bachstelzt, i. 223.
Weieser Liiffler, iv. 306.
Weieter Starch, iv. 551.
Weissfliigelige Seeschwalbe, iv. 507.
Weiiskiipfige Schioanzmeise, iv. 495.
Weiss-sterniges Blaukehlchen, iv. 486.
Weisswangen-Gans, iv. 157.
Wendehale, ii. 342.
Wenpenbusmrd, iv. 534.
Western Russet- Wheatear, iv. 482.



Wet-my-feet, iv. 45.

-my-lip, iv. 45.

Whaup, iii. 454.
Wheatear, i. 331 ; iv. 615.

Broods, 330.

Description, 331 ; iv. 615.

Displays, love, 400.

Distribution, 332.

Eggs, 333 ; iv. 615.

Enemies, 399.

Feeding habits, 399.

Food, 333.

Gregariousness, 406.

Habitat, 332, 398.

Incubation, 333.

Migration, 332.

Mimic, 405.

Nest, 333.

Nesting habits, 402-3.

Nomenclature, 331.

Notes, 405.

Progression, mode of, 399.

Song, 333, 400, 405.

Young, 406 ; feeding of, 333, 403-5.
Wheatear, African Desert, iv. 484.

- Black, iv. 485.

Eastern Blackeared, iv. 483.
Eastern Blackthroated, iv. 483.

Eastern Desert, iv. 484, 619.
Eastern Russet, iv. 483.

Greenland, i. 333.
Wheatear, Greenland, vol. ii. 333.

Description, 333, 406.
Distribution, 333.
Feeding habits, 407.
Habitat, 407.
Migration, 333.
Nomenclature, 333.
Wheatear, Isabelline, iv. 483.

- Pied, iv. 484.

Western Blackeared, iv. 482.

Western Blackthroated, iv. 482.
Western Desert, iv. 484.

Western Russet, iv. 482.

Whew, iv. 207.

-duck, iv. 207.
Whewer, iv. 250.
Wfcimbrel, iii. 456, 529.

Coloration, 456.

Description, 456.

Distribution, 457, 529.

Eggs, 458.

Enemies, 537.

Feeding habits, 538, 539.

Flocks, 458, 530.

Food, 458.

Habitat, 457.

Incubation, 458.

Migration, 457, 531.

Nest, 458 ; how made, 457 ; site of,

457.

Nesting habits, 457, 538.
Nomenclature, 456.
Notes, 534.
Structural characters, 529.



GOO



INDEX



Whimbrel cent inued.

Swimming, 539.

Young, 457, 538 ; defence of, 537 ;

feeding of, 459 ; food of, 459.
Whinchat, i. 333 ; iv. 615.

Broods, 335.

Character, 412.

Coloration, 412.

Description, 333.

Displays, love, 415.

Distribution, 335; iv. 615.

Eggs, 335.

Food, 335.

Habitat, 407, 413.

Incubation, 335.

Migration, 335.

Nest, 335.

Nesting habits, 413.

Nomenclature, 333.

Notes, 417.

Song, 335, 416.

Young, 414 ; feeding of, 335, 413-

15.

Whin-linnet, i. 75.
Whipjack, i. 220.
Whiskered-Tern, iv. 508.
Whistler, iv. 250.
Whistling-Plover, iii. 448.

Swan, iv. 171.
Whitebellied-Swift, iv. 501.
Whitebilled-Div-er, iv. 557.
Whiteeyed-Duck, iv. 542.
Whitefaced-Crow, i. 4.
Whitefronted-Goose, iv. 153.
White-Hawk, iv. 133.
Whiteheaded-Buzzard, iv. 127.
White-Lark, i. 264.
linnet, i. 67.

- -maa, iii. 120, 122.

- -nun, iv. 292.

- Owl, ii. 379.

Partridge, iv. 8.

Whiterump, i. 331.
Whiterumped-Sandpiper, iv. 519.
Whiteside, iv. 250.
Whitespotted-Bluethroat, iv. 486.
White-Stork, iv. 551.
Whitetailed-Eagle, iv. 80, 91.
Wnitethroat, ii. 1 ; iv. 616.

Broods, 3, 40.

Coloration, 1.

Description, 1 ; iv. 616.

Displays, love, 34, 35, 38.

Distribution, 2.

Eggs, 2.

Enemies, 40.

Feeding habits, 3, 30, 39.

Feigning injury, 34.

Fights, 33, 41.

Food, 3.

Habitat, 2, 30.

Incubation, 3, 39.

Laying, date of, 2.

Migration, 2, 33, 41.

Mortality, 41.



Wnitethr oat cont inued.

Nest, 2, 36 ; how made, 2 ; site of,
2, 36.

Nesting habits, 2, 35.

Nests, cock's, 36.

Nomenclature, 1.

Notes, 31, 33.

Song, 3, 30, 32, 35.

Young, 1 ; care of, 39 ; feeding of,
39 ; food of, 3 ; time in nest, 40.
Whitethroat, Lesser, ii. 3 ; iv. 616.

Broods, 4, 40.

Character, 31.

Coloration, 3.

Description, 3.

Displays, love, 34, 35.

Distribution, 3 ; iv. 616.

Eggs, 4.

Enemies, 40.

Feeding habits, 4, 39, 40.

Feigning injury, 34.

Fights, 33, 41.

Food, 4.

Habitat, 4, 31.

Incubation, 4, 39.

Migration, 4, 31, 33, 41.

Mortality, 41.

Nest, 4, 36, 37 ; site of, 4, 36.

Nesting habits, 4, 35.

Nests, cock's, 37.

Nomenclature, 3.

Notes, 31, 33.

Song, 4, 31, 32, 35.

Young, 3 ; care of, 39 ; feeding of,

4, 39 ; food of, 4.
White-Wagtail, i. 223.

-wavey, iv. 538.
-wigeon, iv. 292.

White-wing, i. 67.

Whitewinged Black-Tern, iv. 507.

Lark, iv. 474.
White's Thrush, iv. 481.
Whooper, iv. 171.
Wiedehopf, ii. 433.
Wielewaul, ii. 151.
Wierangel, ii. 251.
Wiesenpieper, i. 231.
Wiesenralle, iii. 555.
Wiesenschmatzer, i. 336.
Weisenweihe, iv. 98.
Wigenwagel, ii. 151.
Wigeon, iv. 207, 250.

Broods, 210.
Coloration, 207.
Description, 207.
Display, love, 240.
Distribution, 208.
Eclipse plumage, 207, 240.
Eggs, 209.
Feeding habits, 238.
Fights, 240.
Flocks, 239.
Food, 210, 238.
Gregariousness, 239.
Habitat, 208, 238.



Wigeon continued.

Incubation, 210, 240.

Migration, 208.

Nest, 209 ; how made, 209 ; site of,
209.

Nesting habits, 209, 213.

Nomenclature, 207.

Notes, 216, 240.

Persecution, 239.

Structural characters, 211.

Young, 207 ; feeding of, 210 ; food

of, 210.
Wigeon, American, iv. 541.

Snuffleheaded, iv. 241.

Wild-Duck, iv. 191.

Pigeon, ii. 503.

Swan, iv. 171.
\Villie, iii. 3.
Willoek, iii. 1, 3.
Willow-biter, ii. 178.

-Tit, ii. 179, 200.

Tit, Northern, iv. 495.
Warbler, ii. 15, 58.

Warbler, Arctic, ii. 17.

Wren, ii. 15.
Willy-fisher, i. 297.

-wicket, iii. 438.
Wilson's Petrel, iv. 553.
Winder, iv. 207.
Windhover, iv. 140.
Windlestraw, ii. 1.
Window-Swallow, ii. 282.
Winter-mew, iii. 120.

utiek, i. 336.
Wintie, i. 67.
Witwall, ii. 318.
wolfi, Cyanecula, iv. 486.
Woodchat, Corsican, iv. 498.
Sardinian, iv. 498.

Shrike, iv. 497.
Woodcock, iii. 269, 280, 287.

Broods, 273.

Coloration, 269, 281.

Description, 269.

Display, love, 293.

Distribution, 270.

Drumming of, 305.

Eggs, 273 ; turning of, 296.

Enemies, 281.

Feeding habits, 288, 295, 297.

Feigning injury, 298.

Flights, 293.

Food, 274.

Gregariousness, 273.

Habitat, 270, 281, 288.

Hearing, sense of, 2H.">.

Incubation, 273.

Migration, 271, 298.

Mortality, 300.

Nest, 273, 296 ; how made, 273 ;

site of, 295.

Nesting habits, 273, 295, 296.
Nests, second, 273.
Netting of, 294.
Nomenclature, 269.



INDEX



(51)1



WOOdCOCk- fii
Notes. _".)_'. 294.
Rocling, 293.

Structural characters, 28.").
Young, 270 ; defence of, 2 '.is ; tVed-
ing of, 296 ; food of, 290.

Owl, ii. 387.
- -pilot, ii. 11.

WoodiTacker, ii. 213.
\Vooil-Grouse, iv. 1.
\Vooclie, ii. 499.
\Vo...Uark, i. 201, 210, 217.

\V Inacker, ii. 318.

Woil-owl, ii. 381.

Woodpecker, American Downy, iv.
500.

American Hairy, iv. 500.

Barred, ii. 323.
Woodpecker, British Great Spotted, ii.

322.

Coloration, 320, 340.
Description, 320.
Displays, love, 335.
Distribution, 320, 320.
Eggs, 321.

Excreta, removing, 322.
Feeding habits, 331, 334.
Food, 322, 328, 333 ; winter stores,

328.

Habitat, 330, 333.
Incubation, 322, 334.
Migration, 321.

Nest, 321 ; site of, 329, 331, 333.
Nesting habits, 329.
Nomenclature, 320.
Notes, 322, 335, 337.
Progression, mode of, 327.
Regurgitation, 331.
Sleeping holes, 331.
Song, 322, 337.

Structural characters, 329, 338.
Young, 320, 331 ; feeding of, 322 ;

food of, 322.
Woodpecker, Goldenwinged, iv. 500.

Great Black, iv. 500.
Woodpecker, Green, ii. 318 ; iv. 617.

Broods, 320.

Coloration, 318, 340.

Description, 318 ; iv. 617.

Displays, love, 336.

Distribution, 319, 326 ; iv. 617.

Drumming, 320.

Eggs, 319.

Excrescence on bill, 332.

Excreta, removing of, 322.

Feeding habits, 331.

Fights, 335.

Food, 320, 328 ; winter store of,

328.

Habitat, 330, 333.
Incubation, 320.
Migration, 319.
Nest, 319 ; site of, 329, 331.
Nesting habits, 326, 329.
Nomenclature, 318.



Woodpecker, Green <
X..tes. :i36.

Progression, mode of, 327.
Regurgitation, 331.

Sleeping holes, 331.

Smell, pungent, If'JT.

Son.;, 320, 336.

Structural characters, 329, 330.

Young, 320, 331 ; feeding of, 320 ;

food of, 320.
Woodpecker, Lesser Spotted, ii. 323.

Coloration, 323, 340.

Description, 323.

Distribution, 324, 326.
. 324.

Excreta, removing, 322.

Feeding habits, 331, 334.

Food, 324, 328 ; winter stores,
328.

Habitat, 330.

Incubation, 324.

Migration, 324.

Nest, 324, 335 ; site of, 329, 331.

Nesting habits, 329, 335.

Nomenclature, 323.

Notes, 335, 337.

Regurgitation, 331.

Sleeping holes, 331.

Song, 325.

Structural characters, 329, 338.

Young, 323, 331 ; feeding of, 324 ;

food of, 324.

Woodpecker, Northern Great Spotted,
ii. 322.

Coloration, 322, 340.

Description, 322.

Distribution, 322, 326.

Excreta, removing, 322.

Feeding habits, 331.

Food, 328.

Habitat, 330.

Migration, 322, 323.

Nesting habits, 329.

Nomenclature, 322.

Regurgitation, 331.

Structural characters, 329, 338.

Young, 331.

Woodpecker, Three-toed, iv. 500.
Woodpie, ii. 320.
Wood-Pigeon, ii. 499, 511.

Sandpiper, iii. 440.

Woodwall, ii. 318, 320.
Woodwarbler, ii. 17, 58.
Wood- Wren, ii. 17.
Wren, i. 286, 289 ; iv. 615.

Broods, 287.

Character, 289.

Coloration, 293.

Description, 286.

Displays, Love, 293.

Distribution, 286; iv. 615.

Eggs, 287.

Feeding habits, 294, 295.

of hen by cock, 293.

Fights, 293.



Wren <

Food, 287, -".i4.

Gregariousness, 292.

Hal. it.it, _".>! .1.

Incubation, 287.

Migration, 286.

Mortality, 294.

Xest, 287, 289 ; unlined, 289-291 ;
how made, 289-291.

Nesting habits, 289.

Nests, cock's, 289, 291.
supernumerary, 289-291.

Nomenclature, 286, 292.

Roost, 290.

Song, 287, 292, 293, 295.

Structural characters, 281.

Young, 295 ; feeding of, 287, 291,
295 ; food of, 287.

Golden-crested, ii. 10, 48.

Wren. St. Kilda, i. 288.

Description, 288.

Distribution, 288.

Eggs, 288.

Nest, 288.

Nesting habits, 288.

Nomenclature, 288.

Persecution, 296.
Wren, Shetland, i. 288.

Description, 288.

Distribution, 288.

Eggs, 288.

Nest, 288.

Nesting habits, 288.

Nomenclature, 288.
Wryneck, ii. 342, 345.

Broods, 344.

Coloration, 342, 348.

Description, 342.

Display, love, 347.

Distribution, 343.

Eggs, 344.

Feeding habits, 345.

Feigning injury, 348.

Food, 344.

Habitat, 343.

Hissing of, 347.

Incubation, 344, 346.

Migration, 343, 347.

Nest, 344 ; site of, 344.

Nesting habits, 346.

Nomenclature, 342.

Notes, 344, 347.

Progression, mode of, 346.

Song, 344.

Structural characters, 345, 347.

Young, 342, 348 ; feeding of, 344,

346 ; food of, 344, 346.
Wwger, kleiner, iv. 497.
Wiirger, Rotn'ickiger, ii. 237.

xanthomelirna, (Enanthe, iv. 483.
Xema sabini, iv. 510.

Yaffingale, ii. 318.
Yaffle, ii. 318.



692



INDEX



Yarrell, iv. 289.
Yarwhelp, iii. 451.
yelkouan, Pvffimis, iv. 554.
Yellowbilled-Cuekoo, iv. 505.

Diver, iv. 557.

Yellowbreastecl-Bunting, iv. 471.
Yellowbrowed Warbler, iv. 488.
Yellow-Bunting, i. 159.

Hammer, i. 159, 169.

Yellowlegs, Greater, iv. 523.

Lesser, iv. 523.

Yellow-Molly, i. 226.
Plover, iii. 321.
Yellowneb-lintie, i. 74.
Yellowshank, iv. 523.

Greater, iv. 523.

Yellow- Wagster, i. 226.
Wagtail, i. 226.



Yellow Wren, ii. 17.

-yeorling, i. 159.

Yelper, iii. 413, 445.
yeltoniensis, Alauda, iv. 474.

Melanocorypha, iv. 474.

Yite, i. 159.

Zaunammer, i. 161.
Zaun-Grasmiicke, ii. 3.
Zaunkonig, i. 286.
Zeisig, i. 71.

zetlandicus, Troglodytes, i. 288.
Ziegenmelker, ii. 362.
Zigolo boschcreccio, iv. 472.
capinero, iv. 470.

dal collar e, iv. 471.

della neve, i. 164.

di Lapponia, i. 166.



Zigolo giallo, i. 159.

gola rosso, iv. 470.

minone, iv. 473.

muciatto, iv. 471.

nero, i. 161.
Zilpzalp, ii. 13.
Zipammer, iv. 471.
Zitronenzeisig, iv. 465.
Zweibindiger Kreuzschnabel, iv. 468.