greatly indebted to him for zealous and distin
guished service both in the battle of the twenty-
ninth and thirtieth August and in the opera
tions which preceded and succeeded those bat
tles. Gen. Sigel rendered useful service in re
organizing and putting in condition the First
army corps of the army of Virginia, and made
many valuable and highly important reconnois-
sances during the operations of the campaign. I
cannot express myself too highly of the zealous,
gallant, and cheerful manner in which Gen. Reno
deported himself from the beginning to the end
of the operations. Ever prompt, earnest, and
soldierly, he was the model of an accomplished
soldier and a gallant gentleman, and his loss has
been a heavy blow to the army and to the
country.
Gen. Heintzelman performed his duty faithful
ly and honestly, while the commanders of the
divisions of his corps (Gens. Kearny and Hooker)
have that place in the public estimation which
they have earned by many gallant and heroic ac
tions, and which renders it unnccessaiy for me to
do aught except pay this tribute to the memo
ry of one and to the rising fame of the other.
Gens. Williams, Augur, Crawford, Green, Geary,
Carroll, and Prince, of Banks s corps, have been
already noticed for their gallant and distin
guished conduct at Cedar Mountain. Generals
King and Ricketts, of McDowell s corps, led their
divisions throughout the operations with skill and
efficiency, and General King, before he marched
from Fredericksburgh, rendered important ser
vice in organizing and despatching the expedi
tions which on several occasions broke up the
line of the Virginia and Central Railroad. Gens.
Patrick, Doubleday, Gibbon, HartsufF, Duryea,
and Tower commanded their brigades in the vari
ous operations of this campaign with ability and
zeal. The last-named officer especially was par
ticularly distinguished by the long marches which
he made, by his untiring activity, and by the dis-
guished gallantry he displayed in the action of
the thirtieth of August, in which action he was.
severely wounded at the head of his brigade.
Gen. Hatch, after being relieved frqm the com
mand of the cavalry of Banks s corps, was as
signed to the command of an infantry brigade in
360
REBELLION RECORD, 1862.
King s division of McDowell s corps, and during
part of the operations was in command of that
division, and rendered good service. Generals
Schenck and Milroy, of Sigel s corps, exhibited
great gallantry and zeal throughout the. opera
tions. They were engaged actively in the battles
of the twenty-ninth and thirtieth of August, and
their commands were among the last to leave the
field of battle on the night of the thirtieth, Gen.
Schenck being severely wounded on that day.
I must also mention in high terms the con
duct of Generals Schurz, Stahel and Steinwehr,
during the actions of the twenty-ninth and thir
tieth. Generals Birney, Robinson and Grover, of
Ileintzelman s corps, commanded their brigades
during the actions of the twenty-ninth and, thir
tieth, and Birne}^ during the action of the first
of September, with zeal and gallantry, and Gens.
Birney and Grover were especially distinguished
in the actions of the twenty-ninth and thirtieth
of August, and Birney also in the engagement of
the first of September.
General Stevens, of Reno s corps, was zealous
and active throughout the operations, and dis
tinguished himself in the most conspicuous man
ner during the battles of the twenty-ninth and
thirtieth of August. He was killed at the head
of his command in the battle near Chantilly
on the first September, and his death will be
deeply felt by the army and the country. Lieu-
tenarit-Colonel R. C. Buchanan, commanding a
brigade of regulars of Porter s corps, was notice
able for distinguished service in the afternoon of
the thirtieth of August. Of the conduct of the
other officers commanding divisions or brigades
of Porter s corps, I know nothing, having received
no report from that officer of the operations of
his corps. Brig. -General John F. Reynolds, com
manding the. Pennsylvania reserves, merits the
highest commendation at my hands. Prompt,
active, and energetic, he commanded his division
with distinguished ability throughout the ope
rations, and performed his duties in all situa
tions with zeal and fidelity. Generals Seymour
and Meade of that division, in like manner per
formed their duties with ability and gallantry,
and in all fidelity to the Government and to the
army. General Sturgis arrived at Warrenton
Junction on the twenty-sixth of August with
Piatt s brigade of his division, the only portion
of that division which ever joined me. This
brigade was temporarily attached to the army
corps of Fitz-John Porter, and although misled
in consequence of orders to follow Griffin s bri
gade of that corps, which, for some unexplained
reason, strayed from its corps to Centreville on
the thirtieth of August, was led forward from
that place by Generals Sturgis and Piatt as soon
as it was discovered that Griffin did not intend
to go forward to the field of battle, and reported
to me, late in the afternoon of that day. Short
ly afterward the brigade was thrown forward into
action on our left, where they acquitted them
selves with great courage. Brig. -Gen. Sturgis,
as well as Gen. Piatt, deserves especial mention
for the soldierly feeling which induced them,
after being thus misled, and with the bad exam
pie of Griffin before their eyes, to push forward
with such zeal and alacrity to the field of battle,
and for the valuable services which they render
ed in the action of the thirtieth cf August.
Generals Bayard and Buford commanded all of
the cavalry belonging to the army of Virginia,
Their duties were peculiarly arduous and hazard
ous, and it is not too much to say, that through
out the operations, from the first to the last day
of the campaign, scarce a day passed that these
officers did not render services which entitle
them to the gratitude of the Government. Th$
detachment of the signal corps with the various
army corps rendered most important service, and
I cannot speak too highly of the value of that
corps, and of the important information which,
from time to time, the} r communicated to me.
They were many times in positions of extreme
peril, but were always prompt and ready to en
counter any danger in the discharge of their
duties. Brig. -Gen. Julius White, with one bri
gade, was in the beginning of the campaign
placed in command at Winchester. He was
selected for that position because I felt entire con
fidence in his courage and ability, and during the
whole of his service there he performed his duty
with the utmost efficiency, and relieved me en
tirely from any apprehension concerning that
region of the country. He was withdrawn from
his position by orders direct from Washington,
and passed from under my command. I trans
mit herewith reports of corps, division, and bri*
gade commanders, which will be found to em
brace all the details of their respective operations,
and which do justice to the officers and soldiers
under their command. To my personal staff I
owe much gratitude and many thanks. Their
duties were particularly arduous, and at times
led them into the midst of the various actions in
which we were engaged. It is saying little when
I state that they were zealous, untiring, and effi
cient through the campaign. To Brig. -General
Roberts, in particular, I am indebted for services
marked throughout by skill, courage, and unerr
ing judgment, and worthy of the solid reputa
tion as a soldier he has acquired by many previ
ous years of faithful and distinguished military
service. I desire also especially to mention Brig.-
Gen. Elliott, Surgeon McParlin, Col. Beckwith,
Lieut. -Col. T. C. H. Smith, Capt. Piper, Chief of
Artillery, Capt. Merriett of the Engineers, and
Lieut. Shunk, Chief of Ordnance. I must also
honorably mention the following members of my
staff, the conduct of all of whom met my hearty
approval and merits high commendation: Cols.
Macomb, Claiy, Marshall, Butler, Morgan, and
Welch ; Majors Selfridge and Meline ; Captains
Archer, Douglas Pope, Haight, Atcheson, De
Kay, Piatt, Paine, Strother. Mr. McCain, confi
dential telegraph operator at my headquarters,
accompanied me throughout the campaign,, and
was at all times eminently usefut and efficient
My personal escort, consisting of two small com
panies of the First Ohio cavalry, numbering
about one hundred men, performed more arduous
DOCUMENTS.
361
service probably than any troops in the cam
paign. As orderlies, messengers, and guards
they passed many sleepless nights and weary
days. Their conduct in all the operations, as_in
every battle, was marked by uncommon activity
and gallantry. The reports of corps, division,
and brigade commanders, herewith submitted,
exhibit the loss in killed, wounded, and missing
in their respective commands. No report of any
description has been received from the army
corps of Banks and Reno.
I am, General, respectfully, your obedient,
JOHN POPE,
Major-Qeneral.
Brig. -Gen era! G. W. CULLUM,
Chief of Staff and Engineers, Headquarters of the Army.
COPIES OF THE DISPATCHES AND ORDERS SENT
and received during the Campaign of the Army
of Virginia referred to in the body of the
Report, and necessary to explain in detail
the operations of that campaign.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, }
WASHINGTON, July 18, 1862. f
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 5. Hereafter, as far as
practicable, the troops of this command will sub
sist upon the country in which their operations
are carried on. In all cases supplies for this pur
pose will be taken by the officers to whose de
partment they properly belong, under the orders
of the commanding officer of the troops for whose
use they are intended. Vouchers will be given
to the owners, stating on their face that they will
be payable at the conclusion of the war, upon
sufficient testimony being furnished that such
owners have been loyal citizens of the United
States since the date of the vouchers. Whenever
it is known that supplies can be furnished in any
district of the country where the troops are to
operate, the use of trains for carrying subsistence
will be dispensed with as far as possible.
By command of Major-Gen. POPE.
GEO. D. RUGGLES,
Col. A.A.G-., and Chief of Staff.
Official : T. C. H. SMITH,
Lieut.-Colonel and A.D.C.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OP VIRGINIA, )
WASHINGTON, July IS, 18(52. f
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 6. Hereafter, in any
operations of the cavalry forces in this command,
no supply nor baggage-trains of any description
will be used, unless so stated specially in the
order for the movement. Two days cooked ra
tions will be carried on the persons of the men,
and all villages or neighborhoods through which
they pass will be laid under contribution in the
manner specified by General Orders, No 5, cur
rent series, from these headquarters, for the sub
sistence of men and horses. Movements of cav
alry must always be made with celerity, and no
delay in such movements will be executed here
after on any pretext.
Whenever the order for the movement of any
portion of this army emanates from these head
quarters, the time of marching and that to be
consumed in the execution of the duty will be
specifically designated, and no departure there
from will be permitted to pass unnoticed without
the gravest and most conclusive reasons.
Commanding officers will be held responsible
for strict and prompt compliance with every pro
vision of this order.
By command of Major-Gen. POPE.
GEO. D. RUGGLES,
Col. A.A.G., and Chief of Staff.
Official: T. C. H. SMITH,
Lieut. -Colonel and Aid-de-Camp.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, )
WASHINGTON, July 10, 1862. )
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 7. The people of the
valley of the Shenandoah, and throughout the
region of operations of this army, living along the
lines of railroad and telegraph, and along the
routes of travel in rear of the United States forces,
are notified that they will be held responsible
for any injury done to the track, line, or road, or
for any attacks upon trains or straggling soldiers
by bands of guerrillas in their neighborhood. No
privileges and immunities of warfare apply to
lawless bands of individuals not forming part of
the organized forces of the enemy nor wearing
the garb of soldiers, who, seeking and obtaining
safety on pretext of being peaceful citizens, steal
out in rear of the army, attack and murder strag
gling soldiers, molest trains of supplies, destroy
railroads, telegraph lines, and bridges, and com
mit outrages disgraceful to civilized people and
revolting to humanity. Evil-disposed persons
in rear of our armies, who do not themselves en
gage directly in these lawless acts, encourage
them by refusing to interfere or to give any in
formation by which such acts can be prevented,
or the perpetrators punished.
Safety of life and property of all persons living
in the rear of our advancing armies depends upon
the maintenance of peace and quiet among them
selves, and upon the unmolested movements
through their midst of all pertaining to the mili
tary service. They are to understand distinctly
that this security of travel is their only warrant
of personal safety.
It is therefore ordered, that wherever a rail
road, wagon-road, or telegraph, is injured by par
ties of guerrillas, the citizens living within five
miles of the spot shall be turned out in mass to
repair the damage, and shall, besides, pay to the
United States, in money or in property, to be
levied by military force, the full amount of the
pay and subsistence of the whole force nccessarv
to coerce the performance of the work during tne
time occupied in completing it.
If a soldier or legitimate follower of the army
be fired upon from any house, the house shall be
razed to the ground and the inhabitants sent
prisoners to the headquarters of this army. If
such an outrage occur at any place distant from
settlements, the people within five miles around
shall be held accountable and made to pay an in-
demnity sufficient for the case.
Any persons detected in such outrages,^ either
during the act or at any time afterward, shall be
shot rrithout awaiting civil process.
302
REBELLION RECORD, 1862.
No such acts can influence the result of this
war, and they can only lead to heavy afflictions
to the population to no purpose.
It is therefore enjoined upon all persons, both
for the security of their property and the safety
of their own persons, that they act vigorously
and cordially together to prevent the perpetration
of such outrages.
While it is the wish of the General command
ing this army that all peaceably disposed persons
who remain at their homes and pursue theif ac
customed avocations shall be subjected to no im
proper burden of war, yet their own safety must,
of necessity, depend upon the strict preservation
of peace and order among themselves, and they
are to understand that nothing will deter him
from enforcing promptly and to the full extent
every provision of this order.
By command of Major-Gen. POPE.
GEO. D. RUGGLES,
Col. A.A.G., and Chief of Staff.
Official : , Aid-de-Camp.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, )
WASHINGTON, July 23, 1862. f
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 11. Commanders of
army corps, divisions, brigades, and detached
commands will proceed immediately to arrest all
disloyal male citizens within their lines, or with
in their reach, in rear of their respective stations.
Such as are willing to take the oath of alle
giance to the United States, and will furnish
sufficient security for its observance, shall be per
mitted to remain at their homes, and pursue, in
good faith, their accustomed avocations.
Those who refuse shall be conducted south,
beyond the extreme pickets of this army, and be
notified that if found again any where within our
lines, or at any point in rear, they will be consid
ered spies, and subjected to the extreme rigor of
military law.
If any person, having taken the oath of alle
giance, as above specified, be found to have vio
lated it, he shall be shot, and his property seized
and applied to the public use.
All communication with any persons whatever,
living within the lines of the enemy, is positively
prohibited, except through the military authori
ties, and in the manner specified by military law ;
and any person concerned in writing or in carry
ing letters or messages in any other way, will be
considered and treated as a spy within the lines
of the United States army.
By command of Major-Gen. POPE.
GEO. D. RUGGLES,
Col. A.A.G., and Chief of Staff.
Official : L C. H. SMITH,
Lieut.-Colonel and A.D.C.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, }
NEAR SPERRYVILLE, VA., Aug. 6, 18C2. )
GENERAL ORDERS, No. 18. Hereafter, in all
marches of the army, no straggling, or lagging
behind, will be allowed. Commanders of regi
ments will be held responsible that this order is
observed, and they will march habitually in the
rear of their regiments company commanders
in the rear of their respective companies.
They will suffer no man of their command to
fall behind them on any excuse, except by a writ
ten permit of the medical officer of the regiment,
that they are too sick to perform the march, and
therefore must ride in ambulances.
Medical officers will be responsible that no such
written pass is improperly given.
Regimental trains will march in rear of the di
visions to which the regiments belong in the or
der of precedence of the regiments in that divi
sion. Brigade and division supply-trains will
follow in the rear of the respective army corps to
which they belong.
Ambulance and ammunition-wagons will fol
low in rear of their respective regiments, and un
der no consideration whatever will any wagon or
other vehicle be placed in the column of march,
other than as hereinbefore specified.
Officers and soldiers of this army will habitu
ally carry two days cooked rations upon their
persons when ordered to perform a march.
It is recommended to commanders of corps
cVarmee that in all cases when it is practicable,
the shelter-tents and knapsacks of the men be
carried in the wagons.
At least one hundred rounds of ammunition
per man will be carried habitually in the cart
ridge-boxes and on the persons of the men, and
any captain of a company whose men at any time
are deficient in this amount of ammunition will
be arrested and reported to the War Department
for dismissal from the service. A proper staff-
officer will be sent from these headquarters to in
spect the troops while on the march, who will re
port to the Major-General Commanding any vio
lation of or departure from the provisions of this
order. Neither officer nor soldier will be permit
ted to leave his command while on the march, or
enter any house, without a written permit from
his brigade commander. Where soldiers are
obliged for necessary purposes to leave the ranks
while on the march, they will turn over their
muskets and accoutrements to the next men on
their right, who will carry the arms and accoutre
ments, and be responsible for them till the owners
shall have again taken their places in the ranks.
, Commanders of corps will prescribe the num
ber of rounds of artillery ammunition to be car
ried with each battery ; but in no case shall any
battery be left with less than two hundred rounds
for each gun. As good order and discipline are
essential to the success of any army, a strict com
pliance with the provisions of this order is en
joined upon all officers and soldiers of this com
mand, and they are expected and required to re
port to their superior officers every departure
from them. While the Major-General Command
ing the army will see to it that every soldier is
kindly cared for, and supplied with every thing
necessary for his comfort, he takes occasion to
announce to the army that the severest punish
ment will be inflicted upon every officer and sol
dier who neglects his duty and connives at or
conceals any such neglect of duty or disobedience
of orders on the part of any other officer or sol
dier.
DOCUMENTS.
303
Commanders of army corps will see that this
order is published immediately after the receipt
at tho head of every regiment in their command.
By command of Major-Gen. POPE.
R. 0. SELFKIDGE,
Asst.Adjt.-Gen.
Official : T. 0. H. SMITH,
Lieut.-Col. and A.D.C.
Infantry. Artillery. Cavalry. Total.
First Army Corps, 1(1,550 94S 1,780 13,208
Second Army Corps, 13,343 1 ,224 4,104 18,071
Third Army Corpus 17,604 971 2,904 21,479
Total, 41,497 3,143 8,738 53,358
Deduct Infantry Brigade stationed at Winchester, . .2,500
Deduct Ik-giment and Battery at Front Royal, 1.000
Deduct Cavalry unfit for service, 3,0000,500
Total, 40,858
NOTE. Instead of fourteen thousand five hun
dred men, Banks had only about eight thousand,
from his report to me after the battle of Cedar
Mountain. (See correspondence on the subject
with Gen. Banks.)
I certify that this is a true copy of the consoli
dated morning report of the army of Virginia,
dated July thirty - first, 1802, commanded by
Major-Gen. Pope.
UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH, )
WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, D. C., June 30, 1SG2. V
MIDDLETOWN, June 30 1.10 P.M. )
Time received : 1.45 P.M.
[Extract,]
Major-General JOHN POPE : . . . The troops
forming First corps are not in good condition.
They are weakened and poorly provided. The
organization is not complete, and the whole cav
alry force consists of not more than eight hun
dred (800) effective men and horses. They are
scarcely sufficient for picket and patrol duty, so
that I can hardly make a reconnoissance. . .
(Signed) F. SIGEL,
Major-General Commanding.
A true copy : T. C. II. SMITH,
Lieut.-Col. and A.D.C.
DESPATCHES AND ORDERS SENT AND RECEIVED FROM
AUGUST 8 TO AUGUST 20, INCLUSIVE.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, I
CULPEPER COURT-HOUSE, August 8, 1SG2. j
Major-General HALLECK, "Washington : One di
vision of the enemy, Elzey s, crossed the Rapidan
to-day, at Barnett s Ford, about five miles west of
the railroad-crossing, and rested at Robertson s
River. This is probably a reconnoissance in
force, but it may be possibly an advance upon
Culpepcr. One division of McDowell s and the
whole of Banks s corps are here to-night. Sigel s
will be here to-morrow morning, when I will
push the enemy again behind the Rapidan, and
take up a strong position, as you suggest in your
despatch of this date. I will be very careful that
my communications with Fredericksburgh are
not interrupted. We captured to-day about forty
prisoners from the enemy, our loss being one
cavalry soldier killed and one wounded.
I have directed King to march to-morrow and
cross the Rapidan on the piank-road at Germania
Mills, or Ely s Ford, just below fr. It is about
thirty-five miles from Fredericksburgh to this
point. (Signed) JNO. POPE,
Major-Gene/ai Commanding.
A true copy : T. C. H. SMITH,
Lieut.-Col. and A.D.C.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, )
CULPEPER COURT-HOUSE, August 8, 1862. f
GENERAL: The General Commanding directs
me, in reply to your despatch of this date, fifty
minutes past six P.M., inquiring what road you
shall take, to say that you are to march direct to
Culpeper Court-House, by the turnpike. He is
surprised that you make this inquiry, after his
definite instructions of this morning. He directs
that you reach this point by twelve M. to-morrow.
With great respect, General, your obd t serv t,
(Signed) T. C. H. SMITH,
Lieut.-Col. and A.D.C.
Major-Gen. SIGEL,
Commanding First Army Corps.
A true copy : T. C. H. SMITH,
Lieut.-Col. and A. D. C.
Received at headquarters Second army corps,
8.40 A.M., ninth August.
MADISON COURT-HOUSE, August 8.
To Major-Gen. BANKS : All of my force is with
drawn from Madison Court-House, and is in re
treat toward Sperryville. The enemy is in force
on both my right and left, and in my rear. I
may be cut off.
(Signed) JOHN BUFORD,
Brigadier-General.
Received by signal, 8 A.M., Fairfax, Ya.
A true copy : T. C. H. SMITH,
Lieut.-Col. and A.D.C.
HEADQUARTERS THIRD ARMY CORPS, ARMY OF VIRGINIA, )
CULPEPER COURT-HOUSE, August 9, 1862. f
Major-General POPE, etc. General: I have just
received a letter from the colonel of the Rhode Isl
and cavalry, who says : " All is quiet in front of us.
The enemy is always before my videttes ; on my
left there is, perhaps, a regiment of rebel infantry.
In a word, I do not believe the enemy to be in
force in our front. Gen. Bayard has just ordered