in common water.
XII, A cement for deljh, and other earthen ",vares.
Tak^ what quantity you will of wax and rofin Melt
them together, and add while in fufion, a diicr<:ti'.rnable
quantity of marble pounded into a very fine powder.
XIII, Amther
SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES.' 63
XIII. Another for the fame purpofey ^hich re/ljis
Take quick-lime, turpentine, and foft curd cheefe.
Mix thefe well together; and, with the point of a knife,
put of this on the edges of the broken pieces of your ware,
then join them together.
XIV. A cold cement for elf ems and fountains.
Take litharge and boil in powder, of each two pounds ;
yellow ochre and rofin, of each four ounces ; mutton fuet,
Sve ounces; maflich and turpentine, of e;;ch two ounces ;
oil of nuts, a fufficient quantity to render malleable..
Work thefe all together; and then it is fit for ufe.
XV. A lute to join broken tffels.
DlfTolve gum arable in chamber lye ever a chafingdifh ;
ilir with a Itick till perfe(^ly diiiblved, then add an equal
weight of flour., as you had of gum arabic, and concodt the
whole for one quarter of an hour, or more, if requifice.
XVI. A frofrg glue txith foft cheefe.
1 . Take a cheefe from Auvergne. Let it be the fatteft
and neweft you can find, neither dry nor moid ; wafh it
in very warm water, fo long as it fhould remain clear ;
then fetit to rot in clean water, till it begins to (link. As
foon as you find it is fo, boil it in water, with quick-
lime ; and when difTolved into a glue, take it oiF from the
fire, it is done.
2. If you dry fome whites of eojgs in the fun, and that,
pounding them into powder, you fhould add fome of that
powder with the cheefe when you diilolve it along with
the lime, the glue will be fo much the flronger.
N. B. Obferve that no other cheefe, bendes that which
comes from Auvergne, has the quality requifite for this
compofition.
XVII. To make a frong tnaficb.
Take one pound of rofin, a quarter of a pound of fline-
makers rofin, two ounces of new wax, two or black pitch,
andoneof uUow. Boil all gently together on a flow
fire ;
64 SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES.
fire; and when well incorporated together, add feme
brickdult, finely fifted according to difcretion.
N. B. The quantity of tallow is to be proportioned to
the degree of drynefs you require in this compofuion; fo
that you may, on that principle, difcretionally increafe or
diminiih the prefcrited dofe of that ingredient.
XVIIl. To make corks for hcttles*
Take wax, hog's lard, and turpentine, equal quantities,
or thereabouts. Melc all together, and Hop your bottles
with it.
XIX. To imitats rock ivorks.
Take white wsx and rofin, equal part? ; and brimftone,
a quarter part of both the other two put together. Melt
the whole at the fame time, and throw it in cold water.
It will form itfelf like the fcuiii of the fea. V/hen you
wan! to apply it, warm only that part by v.'hich you ds-
fign to ibck it.
XX. To rub floors n»ith, ^whether hoards, bricks, i^c.
Take a pailful of fcarlet wa(h from the dyers, with
this (luiFrub your floor by means of an old hair broom.
Let it dry, and obferve not to tread upon it till it is per-
fectly dry, then have from the plumber fome black lead,
which is generally of a black or reddifh hue, fqueeze
well all the knobs you may meet with between your fingers,
ard rub your floor all over with it, with your hands, then
with a rough dry brufh, fcrub well your floor, till it comes
fine and fhiny.
XXI. A compofition to make a relief fit to gild ever, or even
to raife an embroidery,
1. Take one pound of lintf=ed oil \. fandarak, maflich.
Burgundy pitch, aflafoetida, new wax, and turpeniine,
equal quantities, fourounces of each.
2. Pound all, and put it in a varnifhed new pipkin, to
boil for two hours, over a flow fire. Then keep it in the
fame pot, to make yourpalle as you want it.
3. This
SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES. 6^
3. This parte is made as follows. Take cerufe and
umber reduced into a fubtile powder, which dilute with
i the above compofition, in fuiRcient quantity, to make a
fort of dough, obierving never to make more of it at a
time than you think to employ diredtl/, for when dry it
becomes as hard as marble.
4. The method of ufing it is to draw on whatever you
will, whether cloth, linen, filk, thread, plaider, &c. the
outlines of what you want to have raifed in relief, as arms,
trophies, figures, fruits, flowers, &c. according to your
defign, or fancy. Then fill up ihofe ficetches, and raife
them with the above parte, while it is foft; and when it
begins to dry, you gild, rtlver, or paint it over as you like.
5. You may paint alfo the ground of thofe reliefs with
whatever colours you pleafe, and enrich it with gold fpan-
gles, if you chufe. The way to do it, is by laying firrt a
coat of varnifh of ifinglafs and rofin melted together.
N,B» There is a work of this kind to be feen at Vienna,
on the great altar of the Virgin Mary.
XXII. Sealing njuax. Recipe ift.
Take one pound of fhell-lac ; benjamin and black
rofin, half an ounce each ; vermilion, eight drachms.
The whole being melted, make your flicks on a marble
table, rubbed over with oil of fweet almonds j and take
<:are to have done before the wax is cold.
XXIII. Another feallng 'wax. Recipe zd.
Take turpentine and failor's pitch, fix drachms of each ;
either Ihell-lac or dragon's blood, one; fulphur cilrinum,
two. Mix and incorporate all together over the fire, and
form your flicks.
XXIV. Another. Recipe 3d.
Take gum hesderacea^ fhell-lac, fandarakof the ancients,
Otherwife printer's rofin, and maflich, two ounces of each;
rofin, four ounces ; turpentine, half an ounce. Mix all in
a very warm bell. metal mortar, and make your flicks.
XXV. Aruither,
66 SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES.
XXV, Another. Recipe 4th.
Take fliell-Iac and mafVich, of each one ounce ; draoon's
blood, three; cinnabar, half an ounce i curpentine, one-
Mix all, and make your fticks.
XXVI. Another. Recipe 5th.
Take Greek pitch, one pound; white maftich, five]
frankincenfe, five ounces ; cinnabar, as much as you fee
itrequifite to give the red colour. — Put the pitch firft on
the fire to melt ; next put the mafiich, and ihe powder of
frankincenfe; and laft of all, the cinnabar grinded with a
little oil. Incorporate all well, and take it oiFfromth«
fire, to make your flicks.
XXVII. Jncther, Recipe 6th.
Take fhell-lac, tv*^eive ounces ; maftich and rofin, of"
each, one ounce ; dragon's blood, ihree; minium, half
an ounce. DifTolve the fhell lac in vinegar; add if you
will, fome turpentine oil and fulphur, to the quantity of
four ounces of each, and two of ammoniac fait. The
whole being melted, makeas faft as you can your iUcks of
the form and fize you like.
XXVIII. Another. Recipe 7th. ExcfJJlvely good.
1. Take fheli-lac, &c. &c. pound them all into a very
fine and impalpable powder. Then have two v/ooden pal-
lets prefenc upon them, before the fire fome powder of one
fort to melt, then move it and ftir it with the (aid pallets.
Take again of another powder in the fame manner, and
mix it in the fame way before the fire with the firll.
Then another, and another, till they are all, by this method,
perfedly well amalgamated together.
2. Have now fome cinnabar in powder, which put
in a pan with water. In that water and cinnabar powder,
fet to infufe, or only touch your incorporated gums,
to make the compofition take colour. When thus
fufficiently coloured, take it out of the water with both
your hands and the wooden pallets, and have a perfon to
help
SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES. 67
help you. This, having wetted his hand, will draw
o:i fonie of the fa d gum, and handling it on a table, will
form the fticks. — For two pounds of gum?, two ounces of
cinnabar are wanted,
XXIX. Another. Recipe Cth.
Take gum-lac, four ounces ; cinnabar, half an ounce;
rofin, four and a half. Melt the rofin with a little vinegar,
and flcim it. Then take it out of the fire; then mix it
with the lac and vermilion both well pulverifed ; and,
when ihe compofition begins to cool, form your fticks
with it.
XXX. Jn excellent fealingivax, by Girnrd^Qt, Recipe 9th.
Put four ounces of rofin, and four and a half of
whitening, and melt them together, in a non-varnilhed
pipkin, over kindled coals. While this is in fufion, have
another pot, fimilar to this, in which you keep two ounces-
of ftiell-lac, in diflblution with vinegar. Now fteep a
wooden Hick in the firfl pot, and another in the other pot;
then, over a chafingdifh, turn quickly, one over another,
the ends of your two fticks together, to mix and incorpo*
rate well what matter they ftiall have brought along with
them from each pipkin. And after having turned them
thus a reafonable time, you fee both matters are well em-
bodihed, fteep them, at diiFerent times, in the following
Jiquor, to colour them,
XXXI. A colour for ihe aho've tvax.
Grind, upon a porphyry table, two ounces of cin-
nabar, with a fufficient quantity of nut-oi!, to make it a
liquid. In this you dip your fticks, at feveral times ; and
take care, in doing it, the compofition fliould not grow
cold. Wherefore you muft, each time you fteep them in.
the colour, carry them again over the chafingdifii, to keep
them in a doe ftate of malleability. And when you find
the matter fufficiently tinged with red, form your fticks as
Bfual, on a marble, or other well poliftied table.
CHAP..
( ts )
CHAP. V.
Secrets of Glass Manufactory, and the
making Compofitions to imitate Precious
Stones, commonly called French Paste,
I. The gerteral compojit'ion ofthepafie to make fpurious precious
Jiones, fuch as emeralds, fapphireSi rubies, ^c»
!• pUT three ounces of Poitiers burnt lead in a fuffi.-
-fl- cient quantity of water to have this rife about three
fingers above the other. Beat next both together in a
bottle, snd let it fettle. Draw, by inclination, this water,
as foon as the lead is feparated from it, in fome other veffel.
It will (srve you to wet the infjde of the glazed earthen pot
in which you are to put ycur ingredients, and prevent
their flicking to it.
2. Dry, row, three ounces of minium, and mix it with
the aforefaid burnt lead, one ounce of calcined cryfta],
and one fcruple of copper filings. All thefe being pre-
vioufly well pulverifed, and mixed, put them in a glazed
pipkin, which have hardened, and wetted afterwards in-
iidely with the abovementtor;ed lead-water. Cover it;
then put it ia the furnace of a glafs-maker, three or four
days, or in a wind furnace, for one day only. At the end
of that time you fhal! find you have got a very fine white
pafte, which you may cut as you like.
3. To n.ake this pafte yellow, you are to fubftitute iron
filings, for the copper ones ; and to make it to imitate
rubidS; fubltitute cinnabar.
II. To mah emeralds, and other precious Jlones»
I. Dlilblve fome alkaline falc in common water, and
filter
SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES. 69
Biter it through a hat; then recover your fait by means
ot evaporation. DilTolve it again, filter and evaporate as
before, and repeat this operation three times. Then,
pulverife this fait after the third evaporation, and piat it
bv. DifFolve one ounce of verdigreafe in vinegar, and
flrainit; then, put it by likewife. Have, next, fine
cryftal, which grind and fift very fine, in an apothecary's
fiere, and after the fame manner as they do the prepared
cryftal.
2. To that ounce of the faid verdigreafe, put two and a
half of the cryftal powder, and two only of the pulverifed
alkaline fait.
3. Thefe three powders put in a fmall glazed pipkin,
and lute it fo that no air can get in to the contained ingre-
dients. Let it dry for three days or more, then put it in
a potter's kila for twenty four hours. After that time
you will find in the pot, a matter perfe(ftly fimilar to the
diamonds in beauty, and which you may cut, and work,
in the fame manner. — This compofition is fufceptible of
all forts of colours, and of being made, of courfe, to imi-
tate all Tons of ftones, in varying accordingly one of the
drugs in the following manner.
4. For example. Ifyou want to make a ruby, inttead
of the abovementioned verdigreafe, which makes ajn eme-
rald, put fome cinnabar. For fapphires, put lapis^ laz.uli ^
and for hyacinths, coral; all which are to be prepared,
and ufed, like the verdigreafe, for which they are fublU-
tuted.
5. The fineft pafte for the making artificial ftones is to
b« compofed with cryftUs, pebbles, or Bohemian topazes.
For, ifyou make your compofirion with glafs and lead
only, the Hones will be deficient in weight and hardnefs.
6. The pebbles and the abovernenticned topazes are
calcined juft the fame way as cryftal. You have only to
mix afterwards with thefe powders what colour you
pleafe. Miniuni and verdigreafe give the emerald colour,
Cerufe and faffron of Mars, that of hyacinth. Minium
and cerufe make a chryfolite. With the xaphera, or
lapis lazuli, or again, with ammoniac fait and filver, you
obtain a fapphire. They who know how to extraft the
gold
yo SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES,
gold fulphur from that precious metal, declare, that they
can by means of this folitary and incombuftible fulphur,
give the cryltal the molt beautiful colour of rubies.
III. lo calcine cakedony Jlom and cry ft aU in order to compo/e
precious Jiones fwith them.
1. Diflblve calcined tartar in about half a pint of
water, then ftrain ii into a bafon. Now, in an iron fpoon
with a long handle, make red-hot your cryftal, or calce-
dony-ftone -, and when red-hot, throw them in the fiiid tar-
tar-water. If you take them out, redden and extinguifli
them again fixer feven times in the fame manner, they
will be perfedlly well calcined. Af:er having reduced
them into an impalpable powder, you may ufs that pow-
der, in due proportion, in whatever mixture you will, to
give them a colour according to what you want to make.
If for emeralds, for example, the compc fnion prefcribed
in the above article v\ill do very well.
2. Obferve, however, that if you intend to make eme-
ralds, the pulverifation of your calcined cryftals muft be
made in a brafs mortar; while if yc>u intend to make rubies,
you mull ufe an iron mortar, and have a great care not to
pour.d the cr)'flals in a brafs one.
IV. To make emeralds,
Wi:h two ounces of c yftal duly prepared as before di-
refled, join one of borax; eight grains of tin-glafs calx,
and twenty of magnefia. Mix all well together in a brafs,
or bell-metal mortar, and put it in a crucible; cover it
with its lid, and lu e it well. When the lute is perfeflly
dry, place ihe crucible C'ao hours in a potter's lire ; then
take it out and let the compofiti n cool Break the cru-
cible, and you will find an exceffively fine compofition to
make emeralds.
i^. B. Tin glafs calx is nothing elfe but a di/Tolution of
tin-glafs in aquafortis^ te ' pered afterwards with common
filtered wa;er. — Obferve alfo, that you muft not negleft
iiirring and mixing well the calx and magnefia together,
before you incorporate it with the cryftal.
V. For
SSCRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES. )rl
V. Fortopazes,
' Two ounces of cryftal ; one of borax ; eight grains of
tincture of Mars. Mix all well in an iron mortar, then
proceed as before directed for emeralds.
VI. For /apphires,
Cryftal, two ounces; borax, one; ultramarine, eight
grains ; and magnefia, twelve. Mix well, then proceed
as above.
VII. For amethyfts.
With two ounces of cryftal, one of borax, and twelve of
magneiia, you mix ten grains of ultramarine; then go on
as above. ^
VIII. For hyacinths. ^
Take two ounces of cryftal; one of borax ; four or five
grains of fafFron of Mars, and as much of magnefia, then
proceed as above.
IX. Fcr rubies.
Dutch red jafper, fix drachms; pulverlfed cryftal, (wo;
minium, twenty-four grains. Reduce the whole into a
fubtile powder, and keep ic feven hours at muft in the
poiter's-fire, as above diredled.
X. Another 'way to make emeralds.
Take one pound of pebbles, calcined and prepared as
before directed; fait of tartar, ten ounces; fafFron of
Mars, five times as much as you can hold on a Spanifli
real; and the fifth part of this whole quantity of brafs
finely pulvcrifed. — When all is well mixed in a mortar,
and put in a crucible duly luted, &c. put it in the fire
for fix days ; and having taken it our, fee whether the
compofiiion is fine or not. If too deep in colour, add a
little pebble and fait of tartar properly prepared j if too
clear, add fome crvjcus or falFfOn of Mars, and brafs, to
' raife it in colour.
XI. Amther
72 SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES.
Xr. Another compojition for hyacinths*
To your prepared crylla!, add ten pounds of fait of
tartar, about one fpoonful of white wine tartar, and a
little bran.
XII. Another for rubies*
Prepare one pound of pebbles, or cryftal, and add to
it a quarter of an ounce of dragon's blood, mix all well,
and put in a crucible.
Obferve, that if you fet this compofition longer than
two days in fuuon, it lofes its colour. As foon, there-
fore, as yon fee it has acquired a fine degree, take off the
crucible^ and let it cool.
XIII. To make diamonds.
Mix, with a filver fpoon, fix parts of fine white cal-
cined pebbles, reduced into an impilpable powder, with
four of the whiteft and beft pulverifed tartar, and {^s^w
of alkaline fait.
Put this in a crucible, made of the fame earth as is
ufed in glafs manufaftories, and put in their fire. The
longer it remains there, the harder and finer the com-
pofition will be. It muft be there feven months at leaft,
before it can acquire a tolerable fine Inftre.
Note. That the powders we have mentioned to make
the above compofiticns with, are all to be fified through
a very fine fieve, before tiiey are ufed.
XIV. A ivaier to harden artificial fi%nes»
Prepare and calcine, as before diredied for cryilal,
fome fniall bits of calaminary ftone. Pulverife them^ and
then place that powder in a very damp cellar, till re-
duced into water. With this w-iter knead fome Roman,
Dutch, or Hungarian vitriol, quite crude, without red-
dening it in tiie fire. When this palle, which is to be
foft, is made, put it in a retort, and diftil what water
will come from it. With th s other water, and fome
barley fiour, make another palle quite hard. In this
palte
SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES. 75
pafte put yonr lump of compofition, or even the (tones
themfelves, winch are come from it, ready oit and po«
lilhed, when they come out of the wheel, and make as a
dumpling of the whole. Send it to the oven U be put
in, and taken out, along with the bread. When yonr
pafte comes back from the oven, open it, and you will
find your ftones as hard as natural ones.
If they fliould not prove fo hard as you wl(h thetn,
repeat this operation once more, and they will ti.en moit
certainly be as hard as true diamonds.
XV. ^ dye, to put under diamonds ^ both true and falj'e,
nxjhen they are fet.
Gather the fmoke of a candle in a cup, dilute it with
maftich oil, make a thick mixture of it. Put fome of
this under your ftone, whether fine or not, when you
fet it.
XVI. 7'o make ijohite /apphires^ to imitate true diamonds*
1. Jewellers generally take a white fapphlre, and pnt
it on the fire in a crucible, in which they bury it undci'
fteel filings.
2. Some go ftill farther, and choofe gold filings ;
fancifully thinking, that as this metal is far more pre-
cious than the other, it is likewife infinitely better for
the operation, and of courfe to be preferred. But,
deceived in their corjedtures, as they mult unavoidably
be, who have ao other guide to diretSt their judgment,
experience has fince (hewn, that maugre the inferiority
of fteel to gold, yet the former metal's filings are, for
the following purpofe, greatly fuperior to thofe of tlie
latter. .
3. Bury your fapphiie in a crucible, under ftcel filings.
Set it on the fire, and let the filings become fo hot as
to be nearly melting, but you muft take care thcv do not
melt. Let your fapphire lay thus under thefe filings, a
little while. Then take them off, and pick out your
fapphire, to examine it. Jf its whiteae(s does not pleafp.
E vow
74 SKCRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES,
you yet, fet in en the filings again, and renew this ope-
ration not only once, but as many times as you will find
neccflary to make it acquire that beautiful degree which
you want your lapphire to have. Then fct and colour
tkem as was faid before.
XVII. A letter luay of doing the fame.
Mix together equrl quantities of white enamel, finely
pulverifcd, and fteel filifigs. Has^e next a little of the
lame pulverifed enamel, without mixture of filings, make
a kind of palle with your fpitile. Put your white fap-
phire in this pade, with which wrap it up well, and fet
it to dry in the oven. Tie this bail all round with, and
at one of the erds of, a very fine wire. Then bury this
ball in a crucible, under the firft mixture of fl-eel filings
and enamel powder, and put it on the fire, which pu(h
to the degree of nearly fufirg the enamel, taking care,
however, it (hall not pofitively happen. 'I'hen, wuh one
end of the wire, pull out the fapphire from the crucib e, j;
and ice whether its wliiienefs pieafe you ; if nor, begin
again the fame way as before, and repeat this i;peraLion,
till yoii obtain the defired joint.
XVIII. A coUur to make rubies.
t. Melt in a crncible one ounce of mars regulns^
Throw in it a fimi'ar quantity of copper, and as much
of gold. Let t!ie whole be in fafion till reductd to one
ounce only. Add another ounce of mars r gulus, aud
one of copper, and proceed as before. Repeat this ope- iji
ration feven limes over. 'â–
2. Now take the lump which you find st the bottom
of the crucible, and which ooglit to be as red as rubies;
throw it in four ounces of granulated lilver in fufion, and
previoufly amalgiimaf^d with iixteen ounces of purified
and animated mercury. Having thus put on this mix-
ture, the gold prepared as we faid, put all in digcllion
for fifteen days, over ember afties on'y, for fear the »
mercury fhould fublimate. After that time is over, fe- |i
parate the mercury by diiiiHaiion, and leil the reft on
the coppel.
3. This
JtCRETS IN ARTS AWD TRADES. 75
5. This compofition, projefted on fuch cryftals as are
In fufion in the glafs-maker's pot, will give you the mo t
beautiful ruby pafte which you can polTibly imagne or
wilh for.
XIX. To ivhiien amethyjis^
Let a glafs bottle be almoft filled with five or fix
ounces of purified nitre. In the nitre bury your ame-
thyfts. Then let this bottle itfelf be entirely buried a. To
in a great iron pot, filled with fand, lb that the air
cannot poflibly come at it, and give it a fire capable
only to put the nitre in fufion, but not to make it red-
hot, elfe all will be ruined. Let this remain in that
fufible (late five or fix days. Then let the fand cool
itfelf gradually. When quite cold, take the bottle out
of the fandj break it, and you will find the ameihyfts of
a fine white; and as they are cold, yc.u may without
any difiiculty, throw them in water, to get the nitre away
from about them. Should any of them prove not quire
fo white, you may fave them for another time, to make
them undergo the fame operaiion along with fome others.
Suppofe your glafs bottle fiiould unluckily c me to break,
and the nitre ihould run oiF, then you mull abfolutely
take it out; for the amethyfts, without nitre, would
certainly be hurt by the fire.
XX, To make emerald i light and hard.
1. Calcine, fix different times, rock-cry Hal, and plunge
it, as many times, in cold water. Pound it on a ftone of
the fame mineral, with the mullar of the like kind, and
pifs this powder through a fine illk fieve.
2. To two ounces of this powder join ten grains of
fcories of copper, well cleanfed, and three times calcined.
Pound and mix well thefe two ingredients in a brafs
mortar. Add four ounces of the bell and fined borax,
previoufly well pounded in powder by itfelf. Incorporate
all together. Put this in a crucible, covered with its lid,
and well luted. Place it, after the lute is perfedlly dry,
in a reverberating fire, for feven or eight hours, and let
the fire be very clear. At the end of that time, ftop the
E 2 a(h-holej
yo SECRETS IN ARTS AND TRADES.
afli-hole, and all the openings of the furnace. Let this
compofition perfe
otherwife blow. T-hen break the crucible, and you will
find a beautiful emerald pajfte, which may be given to the
lapidary to cut.
. XXI. To give cryfial a -perfea hardnefs,