the amount of leaf tissue which is killed by it and thus prevented
LEAF-SPOT DISEASES 289
from performing its natural function. The small brown or light
colored spots on the leaves caused by this and Cylindrosporium
Rubl are familiar to all.
Treatment. Few experiments with fungicides have yet been
made, and these are somewhat conflicting. Treatment with the
Bordeaux mixture in Mississippi in 1889 was reported successful,
but experiments made by Goff, with Bordeaux mixture and a mix-
ture consisting of equal parts of ammoniated copper sulphate and
ammonium carbonate, were on the whole unsatisfactory. This was
used in the proportion of 12 ounces of the mixture to 22 gallons
of water. Professor Goff's conclusions are quoted here:
"The foliage of the raspberry is delicate, and cannot endure
applications of a corrosive nature. The foliage of the black-
berry, though more resistant than that of the raspberry, is more
susceptible to injury than that of the apple. None of the treat-
ments given are to be recommended for the raspberry, and of
the materials used, only the copper carbonate solution can be
pronounced beneficial in the case of the blackberry."
Cylindrosporium RuU, Ell. and Morgan. Order Melanconieee.
Ellis & Everhart, Jour. Mye. 1: 129. Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 10: 500.
On leaves of cultivated raspberry and blackberry.
This species is very similar to Septoria RuU in many of its
characters ; it differs from it chiefly in that the spores of Septoria
are borne within a more or less thick -walled and dark -colored
conceptacle, while in Cylindrosporium there is no surrounding
conceptacle. The two species are often associated, and cannot be
distinguished by the naked eye.
Peronospora RuU, Rabenh. Order Phycomycetese. Family Pero-
nosporacese.
Rabenhorst, Fung. Europaei, 2676. Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 7: 263. Halsted,
Bot. Gaz. 15: 179, 323. Amer. Garden 1890: 688.
On leaves of raspberries and blackberries.
Although a common fungus in Europe, this species was first
reported in the United States by Professor Halsted, in 1890, from
New Jersey, and later from Long Island. It develops on the
under surface of the leaves, and is difficult to detect upon rasp-
290 BUSH-FRUITS
berries, so closely does it resemble the tomentum of the leaf.
Upon the blackberry its appearance is marked, causing a red dis-
coloration of the upper surface of the leaf, as if it were ripening.
Halsted calls attention to the fact that this is liable to cause
serious trouble to our berry growers, and suggests the advisability
of appropriations to stamp out such dangerous species while still
confined to limited areas.
LEAF -BUSTS
Phragmidium EuU (Pers.) Winter. Order Uredineae.
For synonymy, see Sacc. Syll. Fung. 7: 745. Winter, Die Pilze, 1: 230.
Burrill, Parasitic Fung., 111., 1: 208.
On leaves of R. nigrobaccus, and in Europe on R. fruticosus,
R. ccesius, R. saxatilis and R. arcticus.
The uredospore form appears like a coarse dusting of light-
colored powder on the under surface of the leaves; the teleuto-
spore stage appears in the form of black dots raised above the
surface. Although this never seems to have been reported as
seriously injurious, the abundance with which it is sometimes
found seems to indicate that it might become so. Its position on
the under side of the leaves would render it difficult to combat.
Phragmidium RuU-idcei (Pers.) Karst.
For synonymy, see Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 7: 748. Winter, Die Pilze, 1: 231.
Burrill, Par. Fung. 111. 207.
On leaves, petioles and peduncles of Rubus Idceus, R. strigosus,
R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. occidentalis, and R. cuneifolius.
This is closely related to the preceding species, and is the same
in outward appearance; it occurs on raspberries, however, while
the other is found chiefly on blackberries.
SphcBrotheca Humuli (D. C.) Burrill.
Burrill, Par. Fung. 111. 2: 400. Ellis and Everhart, Pyren. 5. \Erysiphe
Humuli, D. C., Flore Francaise, 6: 106. Sphcerotheca Castagnei, Lev.
in part. Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 1: 4.]
Order Pyrenomyceteae. Family Perisporiaceae.
Known to occur on leaves of Rubus odoratus, R. triftorus,
R. strigosus, R. hispidus, and other species of Rosaceae.
Treatment. Although not often mentioned as a disease of
LEAF-RUSTS
291
Fig. 45. Double-blossom, a disease of the blackberry.
economic importance, Burrill states that it sometimes does con-
siderable damage to raspberries. It is one of the powdery
mildews, and if abundant may be treated with fungicides.
DOUBLE -BLOSSOM (Fig. 45)
Fusarium (?) EuU (Wint.) Sacc.
Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 10: 220. Fusisporium Rubi, Winter, Hedw. 24: 258.
Seymour, Rep. Minn. Hort. Soc. 14: 220. Ellis and Everhart, N. A. F.
1645. Seymour and Earle, Econ. Fung. 25.
Order Hymenomycetese : Family Tuberculariese.
On blossoms of cultivated blackberry.
This fungus was first worked out by F. S. Earle, from Cobden,
292 BUSH-FRUITS
111. He sent 'specimens of it to Dr. Winter, of Germany, who
described it as a new species, referring it provisionally to the
genus Fusisporium. It is well known to growers in certain sec-
tions under its common name "Double -Blossom." It has been
especially troublesome on the Wilson Early blackberry, and in
portions of New Jersey has caused immense damage, often
ruining entire fields.
Treatment. Few, if any, experiments have been made in trying
to combat it with fungicides, and it will probably be found diffi-
cult to control in that manner. In fact, until a careful study of
its life history has been made, any attempt to suggest a remedy
can be little more than guess work.
BROWN EOT
Monilia fructigena, Fers.
Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 4: 34. Arthur, Kept. N. Y. State Exp. Sta. 3: 254.
Smith, Jour. Mye. 5: 123. Galloway, Kept. U. S. Dept. Agr. 1888: 349.
Humphrey, Bot. Gaz. 18: 85.
Order Hyphomyceteae. Family Mucedinese.
On fruit of apples, peach, plum, cherry, etc.
This is the well-known brown rot of the stone fruits. Al-
though injurious chiefly on this class of fruits, Professor Arthur
has induced it to grow on ripe blackberries, and it may be one of
the forms which hasten their destruction when over- ripe.
OTHER IMPORTANT DISEASES
BACTERIAL DISEASE (Fig. 46)
In addition to the fungous diseases mentioned, there are one or
two maladies whose natures are not so well understood, but which
promise to be serious enemies. The first of these is a bacterial
disease affecting the canes. Its presence is shown by the ap-
pearance of dark purplish spots which have a comparatively regu-
lar outline and vary much in size, sometimes extending until a
single spot wholly encircles the cane. They are perfectly smooth
at first, but later the epidermis within the spots often becomes
ruptured and slitted. Burrill has suggested that this may be
identical with pear blight. As yet it is uncertain how much
damage it may cause.
Fig. 4(5. Bacterial disease of raspberry. Pig. 47. Root-gall of raspberry.
294 BUSH-FRUITS
CROWN -GALL (Fig. 47)
Woodworth, Bull. 99, Cal. Exp. Sta. Smith, Jour. Myc. 7:376. Bailey,
Bull. Cornell Univ. Exp. Sta. 74: 383; Bull. 117. Card, Bull. Nebr. Exp.
Sta. 39: 131. Selby, Bull. Ohio Exp. Sta. 79: 110; 92: 208; 104: 211. Hal-
sted, Kept. N. J. Exp. Sta. 1896: 413; 1898: 354. Tourney, Bull. 33, Ariz.
Exp. Sta.
This disease is characterized by a rough, knotty growth about
the stem at the surface of the ground or on the roots beneath.
The knots or galls have a granular appearance, somewhat resem-
bling, when young, the callus growth at the end of a cutting.
When old, they look something like the black-knot of plums, but
are not so dark in color. In Germany the disease is known as
" Wurzelkropf ." On the Pacific slope it has ruined thousands of
trees, for its injury extends to fruit-trees as well as to brambles.
It has there been given the name Crown- Gall, which is probably
the best name to retain, though the trouble is not confined to the
crown of the plant. Although a widespread disease, its cause has
been discovered but recently. The trouble has often been attrib-
uted to the work of the gall-fly, Ehodites radicum, but the galls
made by that insect are very different. Nematodes, or eelworms,
have been so frequently associated with the galls that some have
been led to think them the cause of the trouble.
Professor Tourney carried on an extended and careful series of
studies at the Arizona Experiment Station which led him to the
belief that the disease is due to the presence of a specific organ-
ism belonging to the slime-molds or Myxomycetes. Although
many species of slime-molds are known in America, but one has
heretofore been known to be parasitic, and that one was doubt-
fully placed in the group. As a class, the slime-molds belong to
a very low order of plant-life and exist chiefly on decaying vege-
table matter. The one responsible for the crown-gall is so unlike
the others that Professor Tourney thinks it should be placed in an
entirely new genus from any yet described. He, therefore, erects
a new genus and species, giving the organism the name of Dendro-
phagus globosus.
Professor Tourney's experiments prove, as have experiments
made by others, that the disease is readily transmitted from one
plant to another. When minced galls were mixed with the soil in
BLACKBERRY CANE-KNOT
295
which almond, peach and apricot plants were grown, large num-
bers of the young trees contracted the disease. Making incisions
in the root or stem near the surface and inserting a particle of
gall also communicated the disease. Seeds taken from diseased
trees and planted in uncontaminated soil produced none of it
Treatment. A paste consisting of two parts r?
bluestone, one part copperas and three parts $
quicklime largely prevented the spread of the jf
disease. When trees have become affected the |
galls at the crown can be removed and the |
wound painted with this preparation. By this
means orchards have been kept in bearing
which otherwise would have failed. Great care
should be taken not to introduce the disease
into a plantation. It may be readily spread
by water, especially with Irrigation, by the
wind and by tillage. If plants which show
galls are received from a nursery, Professor
Tourney considers it insufficient to simply re-
move the ones which are diseased. He recom-
mends destroying the entire lot.
CANE-KNOT. (Fig. 48.)
Bailey, Bull. Cornell Exp. Sta. 99: 427.
This is a disease of the same insidious,
treacherous habit as the one just described.
It is most common on blackberries, though
perhaps not confined to them alone. It is
manifest by numerous rough, warty knots upon
the canes. These knots somewhat resemble the
, i i i ,, -. .
black-knot of plum in appearance, but with
small, whitish eruptions surrounding the central knot. It is not
common, but seems to be widespread, and in a few cases, at
least, has wrought serious injury. A similar diseased condition
is sometimes to be observed upon the canes of red raspberries,
as a result or accompaniment of anthracnose.
The only treatment that can be recommended at present is to
Figl ** Cane - knot
of blackberry.
296 BUSH-FRUITS
avoid all plants showing indications of the disease, or to eradicate
them at once, if found growing in the field. To combat a dis-
ease with the cause unknown is to fight an enemy in the dark.
Yet many such problems confront the grower, for the solution of
which he must look to the student and the specialist.
LESS PROMINENT DISEASES
In addition to the species mentioned in the pre-
ceding pages, many others have been reported upon
different Rubus hosts. The greater part of these are of
little or no economic importance. The following enu-
meration is designed as a mere reference list for the
benefit of the student. The species are arranged ap-
proximately in systematic order, according to Sac-
cardo's classification, with the most available refer-
ences to the literature of each. The hosts given are
simply those upon which the species is known to have
been found. Though as full as practicable to make
it, no claim is made to completeness in the enumer-
ation, either of species or of hosts. Since the genus
Rubus is so largely a European one, and since this
work aims to deal with it only as found in North
America, only those species reported from North
America are included.
Little attempt has been made to decide questions
of nomenclature or synonymy. That battle is left
for those better able to fight it. The nomenclature
follows Saccardo's "Sylloge Fungorum," since that can
be taken as a standard throughout, while most other
works deal only with special groups, and hence are
but fragmentary so far as this list is concerned.
FUNGI FOUND ON BRAMBLES 297
Order Pyrenomycetece
FAMILY PERISPORIACEJE.
Sphoerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lev. Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum
1 : 3. Ellis and Everhart, North American Pyrenomycetes 6. On
leaves of different species of Rosa and Rubus.
Asterina rubicola, Ell. and Ev. Proc. Phil. Acad. 1890: 219. Pyren.
35. Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 9:384. On leaves of Rubus strigosus
and R. occidentalis.
Asterella Pearsoni, Ell. and Ev. Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 9: 395. [As-
terina Pearsoni, Ell. and Ev. Jour. Myc. 1 : 92, 135. Pyren. 42.
Saccardo, Additamenta 10.] On canes of cultivated blackberry,
Vineland, N. J.
Meliola manca, E. and M. Am. Nat. 17: 1284. Ell. and Ev. Pyren.
47. Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 9:419.
Meliola sanguinea, Ell. and Ev. Jour. Myc. 2:42. Saccardo, Syll.
Fung. 9:420. The two preceding species on leaves, stems and
petioles of ft. trivialis, Louisiana, and R. nigrobaccus, Alabama.
Capnodium elongatum, Berk and Desm. Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 1: 75.
Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 50. On leaves of many different plants.
FAMILY SPH^ERIACEJE.
Valsa RuU, Fuck. Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 28:72. Saccardo, Syll.
Fung. 1 : 109.
Valsa ceratophora, Tul. Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 461. The two preced-
ing species on branches of Rubus Canadensis and other plants.
Falsa subclypeata, C. and P. Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 27: 109. Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 1: 126. Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 485. On leaves of Rubus
villosus.
Valsa syngenesia, Fr. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1:130. [Diatrype Fran-
gulae (Pers.) Cooke, Handbook 2:816. Diaporthe syngenesia
(Fr.) Fuck. Symb. 204. Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 442. J On branches
of Rubus.
Valsa sepincola, Fuck. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1: 134. On dry branches
of Rubus.
Gnomoniella melanostyla (DC.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1:419. [Sphceria
melanostyla, DC. Fl. Fr. 6:129. Gnomonia melanostyla (DC.)
Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 328. J On Rubus odoratus (Farlow and Sey-
mour). Usually found on elm.
Physalospora eriostega glabrata (C. and F.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1:443.
[Botryosphceria fuliginosa (M. and P.) Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 546.]
On branches of Rubus Idceus, New Jersey.
Venturia Kunzei, Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1: 588. On the upper surface of
Rubus leaves yet living.
Diaporthe [Chorostate] obscura (Peck.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1:627.
Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 441. [ Valsa obscura, Peck. Rep. N. Y.
Mus. 28: 73.] On dead stems of Rubus strigosus, New York.
Diaporthe [Tetrastaga-f gallophila, Ellis, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club,
8:90. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1:667. Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 457. On
dead canes of Rubus nigrobaccus, NevV Jersey.
298 BUSH-FRUITS
Diaporthe Tetrastaga rostellata (Fr.) Nits. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1:667.
Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 456. On branches of Rubus nigrobaccus,
H. idceus, R. parviflorus and R. vitifolius.
Didy mo sphceria Manitobensis , Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 732. Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 11 : 313. On raspberry leaves.
Leptosphceria Doliolum (Pers.) DeNot. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:14.
Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 355. Common on dead stems of herbaceous
plants ; also reported on Rubus.
Leptosphceria fuscella (B. and Br. ) Ces. and DeNot. Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 2: 30. Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 353. On dead stems of R. strigosus.
Clypeosphceria Notarisii, Fuck. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:90. Ell. and
Ev. Pyren. 736. Common on stems of Rosa, Rubus, etc.
Clypeosphceria Hendersonia (Ell.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:91. Ell. and
Ev. Pyren. 410. [Sphceria Hendersonia, Ell. Grev. 5: 14. Sphceria
melantera, Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 29: 62.] . On dead canes of black
and red raspberry.
Metasphceria anisometra (Cooke and Hark). Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2: 163.
Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 381. [Sphceria anisometra, Cooke and Hark.
Grev. 9:86. Endophlcea anisometra (Cooke and Hark.), Cooke,
Grev. 17:89.] On twigs of Rubus, Eucalyptus, Dracaena, and
other plants.
Metasphceria sepincola (Fr. ?) Fuck. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:164. Ell.
and Ev. Pyren. 380. [Sphceria sepincola, Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:498.]
On dead stems of Rosa and Rubus.
Sphceria rubincola, Schw. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:380. [ Valsa rubin-
cola (Schw.). Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 473.] On branches of Rubus,
Bethlehem, Pa.
Sphceria ccespitulans , Schw. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:406. Ell. and Ev.
Pyren. 748. On branches of cultivated red raspberries.
Sphceria obtusa, Schw. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:423. Ell. and Ev
Pyren. 753. On dead canes of R. nigrobaccus.
Sphceria Ruborum, Schw. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:423. Ell. and Ev.,
Pyren. 752. Common on dead canes of Rubus.
FAMILY HYPOCREACE^E.
Hypocrea rufa (Pers.) Fr. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:520. Ell. and Ev.
Pyren. 78. [Sphceria rufa, Pers., Syn. Fung. 13.] Common on
decaying wood and bark.
Gibberella SaubineHi (Mont.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:554. Ell. and
Ev. Pyren. 120. On dried stems of many plants.
FAMILY LOPHIOSTOMACE.S:.
Lophiotrema prcemorsum (Lasch.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:681.
[Lophiostoma prcemorsum (Lasch) Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 233.
Lophiostoma Scrophularice, Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 28:76.] On
dead stems of Rubus and many herbaceous plants.
Lophiostoma bicuspidatum, Cooke, Handbook Brit. Fung. 2:848.
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:707. Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 233. On decorti-
cated twigs of Rubus odoratus.
FUNGI FOUND ON BRAMBLES 299
FAMILY HYSTERIACE^E.
Glonium macro sporum, Tracy and Earle. Underwood and Earle,
Ala. Fung. 197. On Rubus nigrobaccus.
Hysterium angustatum, Alb. and Schw. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:744.
Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 693. [Hysterium pulicare, var. angustatum
(A. and S.) Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:580. Hysterium Eucalypti, Phil.
and Hark. Grev. 13:23.] On branches and bark of Rubus, Pirus,
and other plants.
Hysterium confliiens, Schw. Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 756. Perhaps only
a form of Hypoderma commune (Fr.). Ell. and Ev. Pyren. 711.
On Rubus canes, Bethlehem, Pa.
Hypoderma virgultorum, DC. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:786. Ell. and
Ev. Pyren. 711. [Hysterium Rubi, Pers. Obs. Myc. 1:84.] On
dead canes of Rubus.
Hysterographium Ruborum, Cooke. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:1123.
[Hysterium viticolum, C. and P. Disc. U. S. 33. Grev. 4, t. 68.
Hysterographium Mori viticolum, C. and P. Ell. and Ev.
Pyren. 704. Hysterographium viticolum Ruborum, Cooke. Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 2:782.] On canes of Rubus nigrobaccus.
Order Sphceropsidecs
FAMILY
Phyllosticta Ruborum, Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:8. On weak leaves of
Rubus strigosus and others.
Phyllosticta bicolor, Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 43: 26. -Jour. Myc. 6: 134.
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10: 110. On leaves of Rubus odoratus.
Phyllosticta variabilis, Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 35:138. Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 10:110. On leaves of Rubus odoratus.
Phoma lethalis, Ell. and Martin. Farlow and Seymour, Host. Ind.
198. Now thought to be the pycnidial stage of Clypeosphceria
Hendersonia. On Rubus villosus.
Phoma herbarum,West. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:133. On herbaceous
stems in general.
Vermicularia compacta, C. and E. Grev. 5:54. Sacc. Syll. Fung.
3:222. On branches of Rubus, grape, and dahlia.
Vermicularia effusa, Schw. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:222. On badly
decayed Rubus stems.
Cytospora Rubi, Schw. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:252. On young twigs
of red raspberry.
Sphceropsis rubicola, C. and Ell. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:294. On canes
of red and black raspberry.
Diplodia Ruborum (Schw.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11:518. [Sphwria
Ruborum, Schw. Syn. Am. Bor. 1677. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:423.
Diplodia Rubi, Fr. (?). Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:339.] On canes of
Rubus strigosus.
Ascochyta Rubi, Lasch. Farlow and Seymour, Host Index 36. On
Rubus villosus.
300 BUSH-FRUITS
Darluca Filum (Biv.) Cast. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:410. On Uredineae
growing on Rubus and many other plants.
Hendersonia platypus, Ell. and Ev. Torr. Bot. Club 1884: 73. Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 3:420. On twigs of Rubus nigrobaccus and R.
villosus.
Hendersonia sarmentorum, West. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:420-10:321.
On branches of Eubus and many other plants.
Hendersonia Rubi, West. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3: 424. -10: 321. On
branches of Rubus vitifolius.
Rhabdospora Rubi, Ell. Jour. Myc. 3:90. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:388.
On canes of Rubus strigosus.
FAMILY LEPTOSTROMACE^:.
Leptothyrium vulgare (Fr.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:633. On stems of
Rubus and other plants.
Leptostroma virgultorum rubinum, Karst. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:639.
On stems of Rubus arcticus and R. Chamcemoms.
Discosia Artocreas (Tode) Fr. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:653. On leaves
of Rubus and many other genera.
Order Melanconiece
Myxormia atro-viridis, B. and Br. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:734. On
Rubus canes in Alabama.
Libertella Rosce, Desm. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:745. [Ncemospora
Rosce (Desm.) Fr. S. M. 3: 479.] On weak or dead canes of Rubus
vitifolius and other Rosacese.
Melanconium griseum, Schw. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3: 750. On branches
of cultivated red raspberries.
Coryneum micro stictum, B. and Br. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:775. On
weak or dead branches of Rubus and other plants.
Order Hyphomycetece
FAMILY MUCEDINE^;.
Botrytis patula, Sacc. and Berlese. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4: 125. Keller-
man, Jour. Myc. 1:106. On dead branches of Rubus strigosus,
willows, etc.
FAMILY DEMATIE^E.
Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:350.
On all parts of different plants the world over.
Cercospora rosicola, Pass. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:460. On leaves of
roses and blackberry.
Cercospora Rubi, Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:461. On leaves of Rubus
trivialis and R. cuneifolius.
Macrosporium punctiforme, Berk. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:531. On
dead canes of Rubus occidentalis.
Macrosporium Rubi, Ellis, N. A. F. 544. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:673.
On leaves of Rubus hispidus
FUNGI FOUND ON BRAMBLES 301
Septosporium prcelongum, Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:544. On twigs of
Rubus occidentalis.
FAMILY STILBE^E.
Sporocybe parasitica (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:605. [Periconia
'parasitica, Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus, 33:28.] On decayed branches
of JRubus strigosus.
Graphium pruinosipes (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4: 614. [Stilbum
pruinosipes, Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 33:28.] On dead branches
of Rubus strigosus.
Graphium gracile, Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 34: 50. Sacc. Syll. Fung.
4:616. On leaves of Rubus strigosus.
Isariopsis Grayiana, Ellis, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 1882:98. Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 4:631. On old branches of Rubus nigrobaccus.
FAMILY TUBERCULARIE^E.
Tubercularia decolorans, Peck, MSS. [Tubercularia carpogena,
Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 43:31. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:705. Not
Tuberctdaria carpogena, Corda. ] On ripe blackberries, discolor-
ing the affected drupes, making them i%d, like itself, hence
easily overlooked.
Tuberculina persicina (Ditm.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:653. Parasitic
on Red Rust and other fungi ( Uredineae ) , found on the leaves
of many different plants.
Hymenopsis nigra (Fr. ) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4 : 746. On stems of dead
plants in general.
Order Hymenomycetece
FAMILY TELEPHORE^E.
Hypochnus Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:656. On dry
branches of Sambucus and Rubus.
FAMILY CLA VARIED.
Typhula rubicola, B. and C. N. A. F. 304. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:750.
On dead Rubus canes.
Order Uredinece
Phragmidium gracile (Farl.) Arthur, la. Ured. 161. Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 7:749. Peck, Rep. N. Y. Mus. 29:50. [Phragmidium
incrassatum gracile, Farlow, N. A. F. 282.] On leaves of Rubus
odoratus.
Coleosporium Vernonice, B. and C. N. A. F. 569. Sacc. Syll. Fung.
7: 755. On leaves of R. nigrobaccus (?).
Chrysomyxa albida, Kuhn. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 7: 761. Tracy and
Galloway, Jour. Myc. 4:62. Stone & Smith Rept. Mass. Hatch
Exp. Sta. 9:74. [Coleosporium Rubi, Ell. and Holw. N. A. F.
1878. Sacc. Syll. Fuffg. 7: 759.] On leaves of Rubus occidentalis
and R. nigrobaccus in America and of R. fruticosus in Europe.
302 BUSH-FRUITS
Uredo speciosa (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung, 7:860. [Lecythia speciosa,
Peck, Bot. Gaz. 1878:34.] On leaves of Rubus deliciosus.
Lecythea tripustulata, Peck. Rav. Fung. Am. 491. On R. nigro-
baccus. Resembles Chrysomyxa albida in external appearance.
Order Discomycetece.
FAMILY PEZIZE^E.
Pezizella vulgaris (Fr. ) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:278. On dry branches
of Rubus and other plants.