Rationale, sample collection and analysis methods, stations
sampled, sampling frequency and tabulated results for each
grouping of water quality variables are presented in the
following pages. Quality assurance measures taken to assure data
precision, accuracy, representativeness and completeness are
described in the Quality Assurance Project Plan: Lower Clark Fork
River Monitoring (Water Quality Bureau, 1984). Quality assurance
limits (precision, accuracy and detection limits) for chemical/
physical analyses performed by the Chemistry Laboratory Bureau of
the Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences are
given in Appendix B of this report. Quality assurance limits for
heavy metals analyses performed by Energy Labs, Inc. of Billings
are also included in Appendix B. Quality assurance data
pertaining to the organic analyses performed by the EPA Region
VIII laboratory are included with the analysis results in Table
7.
A . Chemical and Physical Water Quality Monitoring
1. Shallow-water Monitoring: River, Effluent and
Reservoir Stations.
a. Rationale
Water samples for chemical and physical analysis were
collected on a regular basis at 29 river and reservoir stations
and from the two primary wastewater discharges (City of Missoula
and Champion). These samples allowed the bureau to quantify the
contributions of water quality contaminants from various waste
sources and the major tributaries. They also helped to establish
nutrient and suspended solids budgets for the river and assess
the instream consequences of cumulative contaminant loading.
Sampling during high streamflows helped estimate the amount of
deposition of organic and inorganic solids in the mainstem
reservoirs when retention time was shortest and Champion
International was discharging directly to the river.
b. Methods
The 29 river and reservoir stations and two primary
wastewater discharges were sampled for a variety of chemical and
physical parameters between March 1984 and August 1985.
Unfiltered surface grab samples for heavy metals and algal
nutrients, and depth-integrated samples for total and volatile
suspended solids were collected monthly during low stream flows
and at least twice monthly during high flows at 16 of the 31
stations. Three times annually (spring, summer, fall), synoptic
water quality monitoring (using estimates of river travel time to
follow the same "slug" of water downstream) was conducted at all
31 stations. During the synoptic monitoring runs, a more
extensive list of water quality variables were analyzed. Several
13
times during the course of the study, samples of Champion
wastewater and a river control station (Harper Bridge) were
collected for analysis of a lengthy list of organic compounds
called priority pollutants. The samples were also "screened" for
the presence of all other organic constituents not on the
priority pollutant list.
Sample collection and analysis methods for each
chemical/physical water quality variable and the analyzing
laboratory are summarized in Table 4. Sample preservation and
handling methods and the scheme for determining streamflows at
each station are described in Appendix C.
c. Results
Individual chemical and physical analysis data are presented
in tabular form by sampling date in Table 5. A statistical
summary of the data giving ranges and means is given m Table 6.
Results of Champion wastewater and river water organic analyses
are tabulated in Table 7. The reviewer is referred to Appendix D
of this report for a summary of field observations recorded at
the time of sample collection which may have affected analysis
results.
74
Table 4. Sample Collection and Analysis Metiiods for Quaiiicai/Pliysical
Slial low-water Monitoring
Variable
Uol lection Metliod
Analytical
Mettiod
Laooratory
Water Temperaturii (°C)
(T(C))
Suspended Solids (mg/1)
Total Sus^xjnded Solids (TSS)
Volatile Susix^nded Solids (\AJL KS)
Nutrients (iiig/l)
Nitrate + Nitrite (l«)_j + NO2 as N)
Annania Nitrogen (Nri3 as N)
Kjeldahl Nitrogen (KJLD N)
Ortho l^osphorus (OKl'HO P)
Total Pliosphorus (lUlAL F)
Hardness Ong/1) as CaUO^)
(llARU)
Effluents grab
sampled. Streams
depth-integrated
frail shore to limit
of wadeability.
EWI nKthod.
USGS p. 3-2b ^K
(Jrab Saiiiple
Instream field
determination
KFA 160.2 ^)
liPA lbO.4 ^^
EPA J53.2 2)
EPA 350.1 2)
EPA 351.2 2)
EPA 3b5.1 2)
EPA 365.1 2)
EPA 200.7 2)
Field personnel
MDriES Cnera Lab
MDHES Cnem Lab
MDHES Qiem Lab
Total Recoverable i-letals (.mg/l)
Iron (FE T.R.)
Copper (CU T.R.)
Zinc (ZN T.R.)
i"langanese (MN T.R.)
Cadmium (CD T.R.)
Arsenic (AS T.R.)
pU, Field and Lab (standard pri units)
(PH FLU, PH LAB)
Specific inductance (^mhos/cm (d 25°C)
(SPEC OM))
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1)
(U.U.)
Biocliaiiical t)xygen Daiiand (mg/1)
(UOD3J
Qiemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l)
(CUD)
Color (standard color units)
(COLOR NAl', COLOR Pil AD)
Sulfate (mg/1)
(SO^)
Grab Sample
Grab Sanple
Grab Sample
GraD Sample
Ctab Sample
Grab Sample
Grab Sample
Ctab Sample
MDHES Chem Lab
EPA 200. 7 2)
EPA 200.7 2)
EPA 200. 7 2)
EPA 200.7 2)
EPA 200.7 2)
EPA 200.7 2) (automated)
EPA 351.2
EPA 120.1
El'A 3t)0.2
EPA 405.1
2)
2)
2)
2)
EPA 410.
2)
EPA 110.1
EPA 375.2
2)
2)
Field personnel and
{•IDriES Uiaa Lao
MDHES Chem Lab
Field personnel
MDHES Chem Lab
MDHES Qiein Lao
MDHES Chan Lab
MDHES OieiD Lab
15
Table 4. (cont'd.)
Variable
A; id Soluble Metals Cmg/1)
Copper (CU A.S.)
Zinc (ZN A.S.)
Cadmium (CD A.S. )
Lead (PB A.S.)
CC/MS Priority Rillutant and
Scan Analysis (ug/1)
Collection Metluxl
Grab Sanple
follo«)ed by lab
filtration (U.45>a)
after 48 hours.
Gtab Saiiqjla
Analytical
Mettod
EPA 220.2 2)
KPA 289.2 ^^
EPA 213.2 2)
EPA B-i.l ^^
EPA 608 J-''
EPA 624 ^^
EPA o25 i)
EPA 1624 ^^
EPA lo25 1^
laboratory
Energy iabs, Inc.
EPA ii2giou VllI
Qieiii Lao
Eteferences
^' Federal Register, Vol. 49, No. 2U9, Appendix A, October 26, 1984.
2) "^fethods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes," EPA-600/4-79-020
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983 (Kevised).
^' "i'iational Handbook of itecannended i-lethods for Water-data Acquisition,"
U.S. Geological Survey, June, 1978.
16
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