maker quotes same tool from $1.00 upward.
The following figures illustrate the various implements used in
concrete work, their names being sufficiently explanatory of the uses to
which they are placed.
For the purpose of preventing slipperiness and to give a good foot-
hold for horses, line rollers and indentation rollers are used upon the
freshly troweled surfaces of walks, driveways and streets. Figures 156
and 157 illustrate these tools.
Concrete sidewalk tools are made in both bronze and iron. Some
workmen prefer the bronze tool because it does not rust. Others
prefer the iron tool because of the greater durability of iron. The bronze
can be hardened, however, by a special process that makes it very durable.
Fig. 151. — Rammer.
Fig. 152. — Bronze Name Stamp.
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Fig. 153. — Smoothing Trowel.
Fig. 154.— Improved Sidewalk Edger.
Fig. 155. — Jointing Tool.
Fig. 156.— Dotting Roller.
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Fig. 157.— Line Roller.
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INDEX.
PAGE.
Abutments, D. S. and U. R. R 66
Action of the elements upon mortar 25
AcUrlty test 190, 192, 206, 213
Adhesion of concrete to metal 129
Tests on, by Prof. Bauschinger 129
Tests on, by Messrs. Krumm and Senter 129
Advantage of cement over lime mortar * 24
Alexian Brothers' hospital, Chicago 49
Analysis of deposits along veins on concrete surfaces 40
Ancient Egyptian cement 17
Ancient mortar from Larnaca 23
Pyramids 23
Pnyx in Athens 24
Antiquity of mortar 23
Apple River dam 102
Aqueduct, Carthaginian 17
Lined with cement, in Rome 17
Arch, strength of Rabling 133
Armored concrete 124
Ash-pits, railway 178
C. R. I. and P, R. R., at Bureau, 111 178
Aspdin, Joseph, first manufacturer of artificial cement 20
Baltimore fire, effect on concrete 188
Base-boards 49
Bellefontaine, Ohio, paved streets Ill
Belleville bridge, first all-concrete 80
Birmingham reservoir ^ 104
Block machines 237
Dykema concrete block machine 240
Hayden automatic block machine 245
Normandin block machine 239
Palmer block machine 75, 239
Winget block machine 239
Blocking sidewalks 199, 202, 205
Blocks, Palmer's concrete 76
Breakwaters 84
New Haven, EIng 84
Marquette, Mich 86
Buffalo, N. Y 88
If^ridges and culverts, steel-concrete 140
Bridge, Belleville, 111 80
Chatellerault, France 163
Ehingen, Bavaria, using cement-hardened sand foundation . . 60
Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Ind 160
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250 ANNUAL REPORT
PAGE.
First all-concrete 80
First steel-concrete 158
Metal of, protected by coating of cement 59
Niagara Falls, N. Y 162
Oconomowoc, Wis 163
Plain concrete 78
Briquettes, making 190, 193, 213
Buffalo breakwaters 88
Building, Farwell, Chicago 64
U. S. postofRce, Chicago 64
Burial vaults, Lyon's 120
Butts for telegraph poles 118
Campbell concrete mixer 232
Canals, cement-lined. Riverside, Cala 94
Cement used in 21
Carbonic acid, the lack of, in lime mortar after 2,000 years 25
Carthaginian aqueduct 17
Cascade tunnel. Great Northern Railway 104
Cement bins, Illinois Steel Company's plant * 154
Cement coatings impermeable 32
Cement in England 19
France 20
Mexico and Peru 18
(Germany • 20
United States 21
Cement-hardened quicksand 60
Ehingen bridge, Bavaria 60
Cement-lined reservoirs 96
Aurora, 111 96
Cement stucco for walls 48
Cement works along canals 21
Early works in United States 22
Cinders, specifications for 201, 207
Cisterns 96
Chicago telephone tunnels 106
Chimneys 152
Pacific Electric Railway Company 152
Algonquin hotel, Dayton, Ohio 163
Pacific Coast Borax Company, Bayonne, N. J 153
Central Lard Company 153
Clay in sand, effect of 33
Cleveland intercepting sewer 169
Coccio-pesto 17
Coefficient of expansion in concrete 121
Colored mortars 36
Colors, effect of on strength of cement 36
How mixed with cement 37
Materials used iii coloring mortars 37
Colosseum 17
Columbus sewers 92
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STATE GEOLOGIST.
251
Columbian system of reinforced concrete
Columns and pillars
Combined curb and gutter
Comparison of footing foundations
Concrete block houses
Concrete forms
Concrete for sidewalks, specifications for
Road foundations, specifications for
Concrete mixers
Campbell
Cubical
Dromedary
Drum
Gravity
Ransome
Smith
Concrete moldings and base-boards
Concrete walls laid in sections
Corded ceramic mosaic
Corrosion of steel in concrete, danger from
Prof. Norton's tests on . . ;
Several instances of non-corrosion
Cost of concrete
Block estimated by Kidder
Dykema block
Palmer block
Stevens' block
Cost of boulder concrete
Cost of breakwaters:
Buffalo, N. Y
New Haven, England
Marquette, Mich
Cost of bridges:
Belleville, 111
Ds^yton, Ohio
Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Ind. ,
Goat Island, Niagara, N. Y
Cost of court house, Mineola, L. I
Curb and Gutter
Brie Railroad
Fence posts
Footings
Levee Wall, Columbus, Ohio
Litholite
Mile posts, C. & B. I. Ry
Natural cement concrete
Piles, the Raymond concrete
Portland cement concrete ,
Rail beds for street railways
Natural and Portland cement mortar, relative cost of.
Retaining walls, C. R. I. & P. R. R
Road foundations
196,
198,
215,
PAQJS.
137
147
116
141
74
209, 212
202, 204
217, 220
225
232
232
232
225
232
225
230
49
209
55
126
127
126, 127
122
78
242
76
53
123
90
86
86
80
L64
162
163
148
117
68
173
143
73
53
118
123
173
122
110
26
70
111
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252 ANNUAL REPORT
Cost of sea walls: faos.
Havana, Cuba 83
Galveston, Texas 84
Cost of sewers, reinforced concrete 169
Reading, Pa 92
Cost of sidewalks 115
Streets, Bellefontaine, Ohio 113
Ties 175
Tunnel, PeeksklU, N. Y 104
Wall, of concrete block 78
Water pipe 94
Court house, Nassau county, L. 1 148
Crushing strength of mortars 24
Cubical concrete mixer 232
Culverts 68
Cummings system of reinforced concrete 137
Curb and gutter 116
Curb specificafions 221
Cyclopean concrete, cost of 123
Dams : 99
Apple River, St. Paul, Minn 102
Fielding system of hollow dains 179
Ithaca, N. Y 180
Las Ninfas, Guatanamo, Cuba 101
Otay, San Diego, Cala. 100
Theresa, N. Y 179
Defects in cement walls 48
Delivery of cement, specifications for 189, 212
De Man's system of reinforced concrete 139
Depositing and ramming concrete 205, 209, 215, 218» 220
Descriptions of various systems of reinforced concrete 131
Development of the use of cement 23
Diagram No. 1. Eiffect of lime in cement mort&r 43
No. 2. Effect of lime in cement mortar 44
Diary, extract from, upon cement 21
Ditches:
Irrigation at San Gabriel, Cala 94
Riverside, Cala * 94
Dobb's patent hydraulic cement 20
Dog kennel 120
Dome of the Pantheon 18
Drainage of sidewalks 198, 201
Dromedary concrete mixer 232
Drum concrete mixer 225
Durability of concrete 64
Dykema concrete block machine 240
Bads' jetties at mouth of Mississippi River 90
Early cement works in the United States 22
Early use of reinforced concrete 124
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STATE GEOLOGIST. 253
PAGE.
E^ddyatone lighthouse 19
Effect upon the strength of mortar:
Clay In the sand 33
Pine sand 29
Loamy sand 33
Various kinds of sand 27
Work of Chubb and Chaffin on loamy sand 34
Effect of heat upon the strength of mortar 62
Freezing upon the strength of mortar 61
Lime in cement mortar 41
Troweling upon cement surfaces 38
Water upon strength of mortar 30
Electric ducts 93
Yonkers, N. Y 90
Electric fountains 178
Elevated railways 174
Elevators, grain 163
Emporium, Rome 17
English practice in floor construction 145
Brie railway, cost of concrete on 78
Essentials of the Ransome system of steel concrete 138
E2xces8 of cement in surface of cement work, effect of 39
Expansion in concrete, .coefficient of 121
Expansion joints 196, 199
Expanded metal reinforcement 133
Floor test 133
Facings of cement mortar 57, 196, 209, 211, 221
Farwell building, Chicago 64
Fence and fence posts 117
Woodruff place, Indianapolis, Ind 117
Fielding's proposed hollow dam l79
Figured work 55
Fillers for block pavements 50
Filter beds, Philadelphia. Pa. 97
Fineness test, specifications for : 190, 192,*206, 213, 215
Fine sand, effect upon strength of mortar 29
Finishing concrete surfaces, specifications 196, 210
Fire proof walls and fioors 143
Fire proofing, fire test and fires 183
Tests by B. L. Heidenreich 183
New York city 183
Fire in the McMahon Cracker Company's building 185
Pacific Coast Borax Company's building 185
Baltimore, Md 188
First concrete bridge (reinforced) 158
Floor construction, English practice 145
Nassau court house 150
Reinforced 143
Sheldon's residence 151
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254 ANNUAL REPORT
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Footings and foundations 63
Road foundations 110
Steel concrete 139
Cost of 143
Forms for concrete, specifications for 196, 209, 212
Fortifications 73
Foundations, comparison of 141
Cost of 143
Sidewalk, speclficattona for 198, 200, 202, 204
Foundations for streets Ill
Freezing, effects upon strength of mortar 61
French cement, production of 20
Furniture 120
Galveston sea wall 83
Glerman cement, production of 20
Grading for sidewalks, specifications for 198, 200, 201, 204
Grant, John, articles on cement 20
Gravel, specifications for 195, 201, 207, 21?
Gravity concrete mixer 232
Grouting 50
Grout washings, impermeability of 33
Hair cracks in cement work 37, 52
Hardening of lime and cement mortars 25
Havana sea wall 82
Hayden concrete block machine 245
Heat, effect upon strength of mortar 62
Heavy concrete construction 64
Henneblque armored pile 173
System of reinforced concrete 135
History of cement, brief 17
Reinforced concrete 124
Houses, concrete block 74
Oldest in United States 74
Housing of cement, specifications for 189, 192, 212
Hydraulic lime 19
I-beam grillage 141
Ice chest 120
Imbedding large stone in concrete 212
Importation of Portland cement (Table I.) 22
Irrigation ditches, concrete lined 94
Ithaca dam 180
Jetties, Eads', at mouth of Mississippi River 90
Kahn system of reinforced concrete 137
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STATE GEOLOGIST. 265
PAGE.
Lake Superior Power Company's concrete walls 64
Las Nlnfas dam, Guatanamo, Cuba 101
Levee walls, Columbus, Ohio 72
Life of concrete walk 115
Lime in cement mortar. !* 41
Conclusions on 45
Lime mortar:
Advantages of cement mortar over 24
Earliest use 17
Not hardened after great age 25
Tensile strength 24
Lincoln park, shore wall 84
Linings in warships 60
Litholite 62
Loamy sand, effect on strength of mortar 33
Loss of water from briquettes standing in air 30
Luten's system of reinforced concrete 139
Lyons' burial vault 120
Machinery and ' tools 223
Melan system of reinforced concrete 133
Metalloid sidewalks 183
Mile post, C. & E. L R. R. 117
Mixers, concrete (see concrete mixers) 225
Mixing color in cement mortar 37
Mixing concrete, specifications for 191, 195, 198, 202, 205,
208, 211, 215, 217. 220, 222
Mortar 27
Modern cements 19
Moldings, concrete 49
Rope 55
Molds 237
Clarke's circular 237
Farrell's, Thos. C 237
Monier system of reinforced concrete 131
Monolithic concrete houses 74
Monument, Woodstock, Ohio 53
Mortar :
Island of Cypress, Larnaca 23
Oldest discovered 23
Pnyx at Athens 24'
Pyramid of Cheops 23
"Short" or "brash" 46
Mosaic work, how made 55
Natural cement 19, 20
Natural cement, specifications for 194, 217
Natural versus Portland cement 26
Normandin concrete block machine 239
Norton's, experiments upon corrosion of steel in concrete 127
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256 ANNUAL REPORT
PAGE.
Oldest mortar laiown 23
Opus Reticulatum 17
Signlnum 17
Ornamental work 52
Otay dam, San Diego, Gala. 100
Palmer concrete block '. 75
Machine 75, 239
Pantheon dome, of concrete 18
Parker's patent No. 2120 19
Roman cement 19
Parmley's patent reinforced cement sewers 167
Patents:
Aspdin's , 20
Dobb's 20
Parker's 19
Parmley's 167
Paved streets, Bellefontaine, Ohio Ill
Permeability of cement mortar 81
Depending upon amount of water in mortar 32
Grout washings 32
Work of Kettler and Sherman 32
Work of Melick and Shepherd 31
Permeability or porosity 32
Peruvian masonry 18
Phoenician temple, mortar In 23
Piles 173
Hennebique armored 173
Raymond shell filled 173
Pillars 147
Christian Science temple, Columbus, Ohio 148
Plaster, use of 46
Tables for plastering 46, 47, 48
Pnyx, mortar from, Athens 24
Portland cement:
Compressive strength of mortar 24,25
First named 20
Tested by John Grant 20
Manufactured in United States 21
Importation of 22
Tensile strength of mortar 24
Works in United States previous to 1880 22
Position of steel reinforcement in the concrete ^ 126
Posts, American Cement Post Co 171
Mile posts, C. & B. I. R. R 117
Zoological garden, Washington 117
Pozzuolana 19
Preparation of foundation surfaces for concrete 209, 212
Prison cells 179
^ Production of cement (see cement) 20, 21, 22
Proportions of aggregate in concrete 198, 200, 202, 208, 211, 215, 217, 220, 221
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STATE GEOLOGIST. 257
PAGE.
Protection of concrete work 199, 210, 212, 221
Metal surfaces with concrete 59
Pyramid of Cheops, mortar from 23
Qualities of concrete 126
Quicksand, hardened by cement 60
Quirinal, concrete wall on 17
RailbBds and ties 108
Railroad ties 174
Adriatic Ry., Italy 175
Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Ry 175
Ramming concrete 198, 209, 212, 215, 219
Work done 32
Ransome concrete mixer 225
• System of reinforced concrete 135
Raymond pile 173
Reading, Pa., sewers 92
Recent use of reinforced concrete 125
Reinforced concrete, early uses of 124
Various systems 131
Relation of reinforcing material to concrete 125
Relative cost of Natural and Portland cement work 26
Reservoirs, cement lined, California 96
Aurora, 111 96
Retaining walls 68, 164
Bone's system 166
Hennebique, at Paris exposition 164
Lehman and MoUer 165
Retempering concrete, specifications on 205, 220, 222
Revere, Mass., water tower 156
Road foundations 110
Rock crushers 223
Austin jaw crusher 223
Farrel jaw crusher ^ 223
Gates' gyratory 223
Rcebling system of reinforced floor construction 131
Arch, strength of 133
Roman cements 19
Roofs ; 148
Nassau county court house 151
Sheldon's residence 151
Rope molding 55
Sand for mortar, specifications for * 190,195,201,206,214,215,217
Various kinds, effect on mortar 27
Saylpr, David O., first manufacturer of Portland cement in
United States 21
Scioto river dam, specifications for 211
•17— s. G.
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258 ANNUAL REPORT
PAOB.
Screens, revolving, for crushed stone 225
Sea wall 82
Galveston 83
Havana, Cuba 82
Septaria n-odules 19, 20
Sewers, all-concrete 90
Brussels, Belgium 92
Chenowith, Yonkers, N. Y 90
Cleveland intercepting • 169
Columbus, Ohio 92
Parmley's patent 167
Reading, Pa 92
Scarborough-on-Hudson 92
Victoria, B. C 92
Shore wall, Lincoln park 84
Sidewalks: 113
Drainage, specifications for 198, 201
Life of 115
Metalloid 183
Slopes, specifications for 198, 202, 204
Silos 353
Smeaton, John 19
Smith concrete mixer 230
Soap and alum washes not impermeable 32
Soundness test, specifications for 190, 193, 206, 213. 215
Specifications for cinders 201, 207
Specifications for concrete 191, 195
Mixing 191
Proportions 191, 193, 200, 202, 208, 211, 215, 217, 220, 221
Specifications for concrete curb 221
Dam 211
Materials •. . . 188
Sidewalks 198
Chicago, 111 200
Columbus, Ohio 201
Peoria, 111 2o4
Specifications for delivery of cement 189, 212
Gravel 195, 201, 207, 217
Heavy concrete 208
Housing of cement 189, 192, 212
Illinois and Mississippi canal 208
Natural cement 194, 217
Portland cement 189, 192, 203, 206, 212,215
Sand 190, 195, 201, 206, 214, 215, 217
Stone 191, 195, 201, 207, 214, 215, 217
Street foundations 215
Columbus, Ohio 215
Peoria, 111. 220
Washington, D. C ' 217
Testing cement 190, 392, 203, 206, 212, 215
Specific gravity test for cement 194
Stairways 145
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STATE GEOLOGIST. 259
PAGE.
Spiral, Geo. W. Vanderbilt's 146
Statue of Liberty 80
Steel-concrete 124
Footings 139
Steven's cast stone 52
Patent 53
Stone for concrete, specifications for 191, 195, 201, 207, 214, 215, 217
Stove 120
Streets, foundations for Ill
Paved with concrete 111
Strength of lime and cement mortars 24
Rcebling arch 133
Tensile and crushing of mortars 25
Stucco, cement ; 48
Subgrade for sidewalk. 198, 200, 201, 204
Substructures of concrete 80
Sun cracks in cement work 37
Surface coating of sidewalk 198, 200, 202, 205
Tables (see list following contents.)
Tanks 153
Telegraph poles 118
Temperature for laying concrete 205, 210, 219, 220
Tensile strength of mortars 24
Tests on mortars, specifications for .190, 193, 206, 21S, 215
Terrazo work, how made 55
Tests on activity, specifications for 190, 192, 206, 213
Adhesion, cement to metal 129
Boonton water conduit 171
Cement 190, 192, 193, 206
Corrosion of metal in concrete 127
Effect of heat on strength of mortar 62
Effect of freezing on strength of mortar 61
Expanded metal floor 133
Fineness of cement, specifications for 190, 192, 206, 213, 215
PositioYi of reinforcing metal 125
Soundness of cement, specifications for 190. 195, 206, 213, 215
Tensile strength 190, 193, 206, 213, 215
Tests upon lime-cement mortar 41
Thacher system of reinforcing concrete 134
Theresa dam 179
Ties and rail beds 108, 175
Adriatic Railway 175
Minneapolis â– . 109
Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago R. R 175
Tiles and figured work 55
Tools for cement work 245
Concrete tampers 246
Hoes 246
Indentation rollers 246
Line rollers 246
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260
ANNUAL REPORT
PAGE.
Trowels 247
Top dressing for sidewalk, specifications for 198,200,202,205
Tower substructures 80
Travertine stone. Home 17
Trestle bents 178
Tunnels 104, 167
Cascade mountains. Great Northern Ry 104
Chicago Telephone Company 104
Peekskill, N. Y 104
River Spree, Berlin 167
Turntables 178
Use of cement in concrete 63
Mortar 23
By the Romans 17
Peruvians 18
United States, history of cement in 21
First Portland cement in 21
Vaults, Lyons' burial 120
Veins in cement work 40
ViQat needle test 190
Vicat produced natural cement 20
Walls 143
Lake Superior Power Company 64
Nassau court house 151
Pacific Coast Borax Company 143
Wall plaster, how prepared 47
Warships, cement lined 60
Washington monument 82
Water lor concrete, specifications for 195, 207, 208, 217
Water conduit, Boonton, N. J 169
Test of 171
Water, effect. on strength of mortar 30
Water pipe:
Cuneo, Italy " 94
Grenoble, France 169
Pomona, California 94
Redlands, California 94
Water tower. Revere, Mass 156
Wearing surface of sidewalks, specifications for 198, 200, 202, 205
Weathering effects upon mortar 25
Weber system of reinforced concrete 137
Weight of cement 213
Wharves and piers 90
White, Canvass, discovery of cement by 21
Winget concrete block machine 239
Work done in ramming concrete 32
Work of Chubb and Chaffin, on loam in sand 34 "
Kettler and Sherman on permeability of mortar 32
Melick and Shepherd on permeability of mortar 31
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Pa '.
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^
DATE DUE
CO
1000
iOhio Geological Siirvpy
, BullfiUjL no. 2
DATE
ISSUED TO
Co looo
OEMCO
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