four inches deep. They make their
appearance above ground about the
middle of May. The only attention
necessary is to keep them free from
weeds, and an occasional hoeing to, , ,,
loosen the surface, a little of the earth sosv, h.— Borage, sow, e.— Borecole,
JULY is a busy month, as will appear
from the following directions: —
KITCHEN GARDEN.
Alexanders, earth up. — Artichokes,
. attend to. — Asparagus-beds, clean ;
leave oft' cutting from. — Beans, plant,
b.; leave some in production for seed. —
Beet {Red), thin, b.; (Green and White),
JUL
329
JUL
plant; prick out. — BrocoZi, prick out ; i frequently ; seedlings transplant; old
plant. — Cahhages, p\ant; prick out seed- ; plants repot, e. — Box edgings, clip, b
lings; earth "up atlvancing. — Carrots, — R./Ww;,i<r nf rnRPs insminos. IL'r
thin,b. ; — Cauliflowers, plant, e. — Ce-
leriac, plant. — Celery, prick out ; plant;
earth up. — Chamomile Flowers, gather.
— Chervil, sow, e. — Coleworts, plant. —
Coriander, sow. — Cress, sow. — Cucum-
bers, plant for pickles. — Earth up where
necessary. — Endive, plant; sow. — Fi-
— Budding of roses, jasmines, &c.,
complete. — Bulbous Roots, ta.kc up (see
June); seeds sow. — Bulbs, autuma
flowering, plant, e. — Carnations, at-
tend to (see June) ; shade and shelter
during hot weather; water freely, and
give liquid manure. — Chrysanthemum
suckers, separate and plant; lay. — Cut-
nochio, earth up. — Garlic, take up as ^(/ig-s of some plants, as scarlet lychnis,
■wanted. — Hoeing, particularly attend will yet strike, b. — Da/)//as require sup-
To.— Horse-radish, attend to.— Kidney port and pruning. — Edgings, clip. —
Beans (dwarfs), sow ; attend to advanc- Evergreens, prune; seedlings, prick
ing crops. — Lavender, gather. †” Leeks, out. — Grass, mow and roll often. —
weeds, &c. ; plant, b. — Lettuces, plant;
sow ; Marigold Flowers, gather. — Mar-
joram, gather for drying. — Melons, at-
tend to; — Mint, p\ant, b. — Mushroom-
beds, attend to; make,e.; spawn, collect.
— Parsley, sow. — Parsnips, weed, &c.
— Peas, sow ; hoe advancing. — Pepper-
mint, gather. — Pot-herbs, are fit in ge-
neral for drying and distilling. — Ra-
dishes, sow. — Rampion, is fit for use, e
Gravel, weed and roll. — Heartsease,
plant slips, e. ; water freely. — Hedges,
clip. — Hoe and rake at every opportu-
nity. — Laying carnations, &c., may be
performed, b. ; water freely ; transplant
rooted layers. — Leaves, decayed, re-
move as soon as seen. — Liquid Manure,
give occasionally to flowering shrubs. —
Mignionette, and a few other quick
flowering annuals, may be sown, b., for
HOT-HOUSE.
Air, admit freely every fine day.—
— Rape (edible rooted), sow. — Salsafy, j autumn. — Piping, of pinks, &c., maybe
thin, &c.— SafOi/s, plant. — Scorzonera, \ st'\\\ practised, b.; pelargonium cut-
thin, &c. — Scurvy Grass, sow.— Seeds, \ tings, plant, b.— Polyanthuses, seed-
gather .as they ripen. — Small Salading, I lings, transplant; roots of old, part —
sow.—Spinach, sow ; hoe and thin. — ' Roses, bud and lay, h.— Seeds, gather as
Stir ground between plants. — Succory, [ they ripen. — Stake and tie up plants
sow. — Ruta Baga, sow, ; hoe advancing ' wherever necessary. — Transplanting
crops. — Turnip Cabbages, prick out. — perennials and biennials, complete, b.
Vacant ground, d\g; cleanse from weeds, — Water freely, not only the roots but
&c. — Water where necessary. — Worm- | over the foliage.
wood, plant.
ORCHARD.
Budding, pe
apples, and pea
ther. — Espaliers, continue to regulate
(see Wall Trees) ; young ones head
down. — Fig Trees, regulate; remove
over luxuriant shoots. — Pruning (sum-
mer), complete. — Raspberries, clear
from needless suckers. — Snails and
slugs, search for morning and evening.
— Stocks, clear from lateral shoots. —
Strawberries, for forcing, lay in pots ;
Vines require constantly regulating; all
late shoots remove ; stop bearing shoots.
— Wall Trees, continue to regulate as
their shoots re()uire ; train in, do not
shorten their shoots. — Walnuts, gather
for pickling. — Wasps, entrap; bottles
of sugared beer are best. — Water newly
planted trees in dry weather; keep
mulch round.
Tform in all stone-fruit, j^^^j/ ^js, &c., frequently, and give
ars ; select cloudy wea- ,.^^^j^ ^^^^^ j^ j^,^^,^ languish.-Fii/n^'^a-
tions of tobacco give frequently, espe-
cially if insects prevail. — Liquid Manure
give to weakly plants. — Orchidaceous
Plants, keep in coolest parts of the
house, and give very little water, or
they will not bloom well next spring. — â–
Pine Apples, plant by crowns or suckers;
gather ripe, early in the morning; shift
succession for next season; give liquid
manure ; do not shift all at once, but at
weekly intervals. — Potting, finish, b. —
Propagate stove plants by cuttings,
layers, and suckers, as suitable. — Steam,
admit to plants. — Vines, when all the
leaves are ofl^, expose day and night;
grapes, ripening late, require a mo-
derate moist heat, and air only of a
morning. — Water frequently and abun-
dantly, but rather less to flowering
plants than last month.
FLOWER GARDEN.
Auriculas, in pots, dress and water
JUL
330
JUN
GREEN-HOUSE.
Air, admit freely to all plants de-
tained in the house. — Bud, oranges,
lemons, &c. — Camellias, syringe and
water frequently ; shade in hot days. —
Cuttings, slips, &c., water. — Dress and
give fresh earth as required. — Heaths,
plant, slips. — Layers may be made. —
Moving out of house (see June). —
Oranges and Lemons require water dai-
ly; thin fruit if thick; remove blossoms
where fruit is thick enough ; give earth ;
air, admit freely. — Peat plants, examine
almost daily to see that they do not dry.
— Propagate by cuttings, slips, &c. —
Seedlings, Y>r\cV. into small pots. — Shade
during hot bright days ; calico frames
are best. — Shifting, complete, b. —
Stove plants (hardier) may be moved
into green-house. — Stake, trim, and
train as required. — Succulent plants,
cultivate by cuttings, slips, and suckers.
— Watering and cleaning are now the
chief occupations ; apply water early in
the morning by the engine.
JULY-FLOWER. Prosopis juliflora.
JUNE is also a busy month.
KITCHEN GARDEN.
Alexanders, earth up. — Artichokes,
weed, &c. — Asparagus-beds clean, &c.
— Basil, plant. — Beans, plant, hoe, &c.,
advancing crops. — Beefs, thin, &c. —
Borecole, plant. — Brocoli, plant. — Cab-
bage, i>]a.nt ; earth up, &c. — Capsicum,] dry and store. — Annuals (hardy and
plant, b. — Cardoo«s, thin and plant out. I some tender), plant out to remain, in
— Carrots, thin, kc. — Celeriac, plant. — j showery weather best; some (hardy)
Celery, plant; earth up advancing. — i may be sowed, b. — ^i/r/cw/as, continue
Coleworts, sow for; plant. — Coriander, \ shading; plant offsets; prick out seed-
sow. — Cress, sow. — Cwcwm&eT-s, sow, b. ] lings. — Baskets or clumps, form of
sow ; plant. — Watering and Weeding,
attend to. — Wormwood, plant.
ORCHARD.
Ants, destroy; the ammonia water
from gas-works, or boiling water poured
into their haunts is effectual. — Apricots,
finish summer regulating, b. — Blighted
Trees, clean by the water engine; lime
dust, &c. — Budding, commence in
cloudy weather, or during evening, e. —
Fig Trees, prune. — Gooseberries, Cur-
rants (Wall and Espalier), regulate, b.;
remove blighted shoots; summer prune,
e. — Nectarines, finish summer regulat-
ing. — Newly planted Trees, stake and
fasten; give water in dry weather; li-
quid manure to the weakly ; keep mulch
round. — Pears (Wall and Espalier),
properly regulate, b. — Plums (Wall
and Espalier), properly regulate, b. —
Scarify, trunks of hide-bound trees,
rather than in winter, but this affection
will never occur, if they are scrubbed
in January with brine. — Snails, Slugs,
search for, morning and evening. —
Strawberries, water in dry weather. —
Thinning fruit on walls, complete, b.
— Vines before omitted, finish, regulat-
ing, b. ; and those done in May re-exa-
mine.
FLOWER GARDEN.
Anemones, take up as leaves wither;
plants. — Biennials and
sow, if omitted, b. — Box
— Earthing-up, attendto. — Endive, sow, green -hous
b.; plant. — Fennel, plant. — Finochio, i Perennials,
sow; earth up advancing crops. — G«?'- . edgings clip; plant. — Bulbous Roots
lie is fit for present use. — Herbs, for (Tulips, Jonquils, &c.), take up as
drying and distilling, gather. — Jerusalem ■leaves decay; remove offsets from;
Artichokes, hoe, &c. — Kidney Beans, dry and store; may transplant some,
(dwarfs), sow ; (runners), attend to. — ; or keep until autumn ; (autumn flower-
I-eefcs, thin, &c.; transplant, e. — Lettuce, ing), as Colchicums, &c., take up as
sow ; plant, &c. — Mint, plant. — Pars- leaves decay, separate offsets, and re-
nips, thin. — Peas, sow; attend to ad- plant, or not, until end of July. — Car-
vancing crops. — Potatoes, hoe, &c. — nations, in bloom, attend ; aid the bud-
Radishes, sow. — Rampion, thin. — Sage, pod to split with a pair of narrow sharp-
plant. — Salsafy, thin. — Savoys, plant ; i pointed scissors; water every second
prick out. — Scorzonera, thin. — Scurvy , day ; tie to supporters, &c. ; prick out
Grass, sow. — Seeds, attend to and gather, i seedlings; make layers ; pipe. — Cycla-
— Small Salading, sow. — Spinach, sow; , mens, transplant. — Dahlias, finish plant-
thin advancing. — Stir Ground between ing out, b. — Dress the borders assidu-
crops, in rows, &c. — Succory, sow. — , ously; neatness now stamps a gardener's
Tarra^ora, plant. — Thinning, attend to. ; character. — Fibrous rooted Perennials,
— Toma^os, plant out. — Turnip Cabbage, propagate by cuttings of flower-stalks;
JUN
331
KEL
shade ami water. — Flowering Plants
generally require training and support.
— Gra,ss, mow, roll and trim edges. —
Gravel, weed, sweep, and roll. — Guern-
sey Lilies, take up; separate otTsets,
and replant. Do this every second year.
— Hedges, clip, e. — Leaves and stems
decaying, remove as they appear. —
Liquid Manure, apply occasionally to
ail choice flowers. — Mignionette, plant
out; sow, b. — Pink seedlings, prick out;
make layers. — Pipings (or Cuttings) of
Carnations and Pinks may be planted. —
Potted Flowers, dress, stir earth and
water regularly. — Ranunculuses, take
up as leaves wither, dry and store. —
Roses, bud, lay, and inarch; fumigate
with tobacco to destroy the Aphis, or
Green Fly. — Salvia Patens, pinch down
centre stem to make it flower bushy. —
Seedlings of Perennials and Biennials,
transplant. — Seeds (ripe), gather in dry
weather — Seed Vessels, remove, to pro-
long flowering. — Water, give freely and
frequently to all newly moved plants,
and to others in dry weather; early
morning best time.
HOT-HOUSE.
Air, admit freely during every mild
day; but exclude as evening approaches.
— Bark Beds, occaeionaliy will require
stirring; water and ventilate freely. —
Grapes, thin; ripening keep dry. —
Heat, keep up as required. — Pines are
now ripening; plant crowns as they
occur; give liquid manure; syringe;
shade in very hot days. — Propagation,
continue as requisite, by seed, suckers,
slips, layers, cuttings, oflsets, &c. (See
May.) — Steam, admit almost daily. —
Strawberries done forcing, allow to dry;
remove into larger pots with new earth,
and keep for second forcing. — Syringe
Pines, and other plants, frequently. —
Tobacco fumigations, give occasionally.
— Vines, push forward by warmth, li-
quid manure, &c. ; mulch round roots
outside the house; stop laterals. —
Watering attend to duly; it is required
generally oftener and more liberally
than in preceding months; apply it in
the morning early.
GREEN-HOUSE.
Air, give with all possible freedom ;
bring all but the tenderest out of the
house. — Camellias, done flowering, re-
move into higher temperature. — Cut-
tings of various plants may now be in-
serted. — Dress the plants as they are
brought out of the house. — Earth, give
fresh, and liquid manure, as necessary.
— Flowering shrubs, shade. — Gera-
7iiums, plant cuttings. — Head down and
prune irregular growing shrubs.^
Heaths, plant slips; water frequently. —
Inarching of jasmines, oranges, &c.,
may be performed. — Leaves (decayed),
remove, and wash the foliage generally,
— Layers of shrubs generally make. —
Mowings of grass spread over surface of
earth in large pots or tubs — an excel-
lent mode of arresting evaporation.—
Myrtles, propagate by cuttings, e. ; —
Oranges and Lemons in bloom, give
liquid manure : thin blossom when in
clusters. — Rain, if excessive, move ten-
derest plants back into the house; and
tilt the pots of others. — Seedlings, trans-
plant. — Shift into larger pots, as neces-
sary, b. — Succule?it plants propagate by
cuttings ; remove to outside, e. — Water
frequently, butmoderately ; some plants
require it every morning or evening.
JUNIPERUS. .Tuniper. Nineteen
species besides varieties. Hardy ever-
green trees and shrubs. Seed and cut-
tings. Sandy loam. See Coniferce.
JUPITER'S BEARD, Anthyllis bar-
ba-jovis.
JUSTICIA. Sixty-four species.
Stove and green-house plants; some
shrubs, others biennials and annuals,
and a third group trailers. The bien-
nials and annuals require to be sown in
a hot-house or hotbed; the others are
increased by cuttings, and all delight
in light loam and peat.
KAGENECKIA cratagoides. Half-
hardy evergreen tree. Cuttings. Sandy
loam and peat.
KALANCHOE. Seven species.
Stove evergreen shrubs. Cuttings.
Loam and peat.
KALP>. See Borecole.
KAL^^X. Five species and more
varieties. Hardy evergreen shrubs.
Seed and layers. Sandy loam and peat.
KALOSANTHES. Eight species.
Green-house evergreen succulents. Cut-
tings dried for forty-eight hours ; sandy
loam and peat.
KANGURU VINE. Cissus antarc-
KAULFUSSIA amelloides. Hardy
annual. Seed. Sandy loam.
KELP is the ash remaining after sea-
weed is burnt, and has been used with
great advantage as a manure to pota-
KEN
332
KID
toes, brocoli, and other species of bras- I cessary to plant successive crops at
sica. It is composed of carbonate of intervals of two or three weeks, which
soda, and iodide and bromide of potas- is much preferable to planting but sel-
sium, carbon, sulphates of lime and ' dom, and then a larger quantity. Plan-
magnesia, and other matters ot triviai
importance. See Green Manure.
K E N N E D Y A . Fifteen species.
Green-house evergreen twiners. Cut-
tings. Sandy loam and peat.
K E R R I A japonica. Hardy deci-
duous shrub. Young cuttings. Com-
mon soil. More commonly called Cor-
chorus japonicus.
KIDNEY-BEAN. Phaseolus vulga-
ris. Haricot, Fr. Schminkbohne, Ger.
Judias, Span. Faguiolo, Ital.
" Of the Snap-Short Bean, the Hari-
cot of the French, the varieties and
sub-varieties are numerous. Those
tations made so late as 1st August, ge-
nerally succeed and yield abundantly.
" When they have risen three or four
inches, give them a careful hoeing, to
destroy all weeds, and loosen the earth.
At this time, or shortly after, draw to-
wards the base of the plants, some of
the loose soil, to the depth of one or
two inches. This process is termed
" landing," and is highly beneficial in
protecting the roots from excessive
drought, and the direct rays of the
sun. As the crop approaches matu-
rity, nothing more is required than an
occasional hoeing, observing always
enumerated in the Catalogue annexed,; to keep the ground free from weeds
are such as we esteem most worthy ;
In selecting a spot to plant beans,
they consist of the earliest, the latest, I choose where the soil is light and tole-
and those which ripen intermediately. â– rably dry. If it be poor, apply a good
The Early Mohawk or Brown Six ! dressing of well rotted manure, either
Weeks arrives soonest at perfection, ' spread over the entire surface, or
and is the hardiest of the early ones ;
the Early Yellow, Red Speckled Val-
entine, and China Red Eye, immediate-
ly succeed. The Red French is about
the latest : the other varieties ripen
promiscuously. All the kinds are
placed in the drills when drawn out."
— Rural Register.
Forcing. — The hot-bed must be of
moderate size, and covered with earth
nine inches thick. When the heat has
become regular, the seed may be in-
brought to the Philadelphia market ; serted in drills a foot apart, and the
some purchasers preferring one, and plants allowed to stand six inches asun-
others another. The Red Speckled j der in the rows. Air must be admitted
Valentine is a variety very generally I as freely as to the melon. The same
admired; it is round podded, without j precautions are likewise necessary as to
strings, an abundant bearer, and re- I keeping up the temperature, taking the
mains tender longer than most others, chill off the water &c.,as for that plant.
The Brown Valentine or Refugee, is j When the seed begins to sprout, the
also an excellent variety, as also the | mould should be kept regularly moist-
China Red Eye. The pods of the Red I ened ; and when grown up, water may
French are used as well for pickling as ' be given moderately, three times a week,
boiling, and the beans throughout the | The temperature should never be less
winter in a dry state, as haricots, and I than 60°, nor higher than 75". Some
in soups, for which it is usually pre-; plants of the hot-bed sowing at the end
ferred. ' of March, are often, after being gradu-
" The usual plan of cultivating this ally hardened, planted in a warm bor-
tribe, is in drills double or single, der: this will at most hasten the plants
placing two seeds together at inter-
vals of two or three inches : two to
two and a half feet should be allowed
between the drills. They are much
more tender than the Long Pod or
Windsor, and will not succeed
in production a fortnight before those
sown in the open ground in May.
Those sown under frames in March
for transplanting into a border, when
two or three inches in height, must in a
f like manner be hardened gradually for
planted before the weather has become the exposure, by the plentiful admission
somewhat settled, and the earth warm ; of air, and the total removal of the
in the latitude of Philadelphia, not glasses during fine days. If any are
earlier than April, unless in very dry ! raised in pots in the hot-house, they
ground, and protected situations. To 1 must in a like manner be prepared for
have a constant supply, it will be ne- 1 the removal, by setting them outside in
K ID
333
KID
•
fine days, and there watering them with ' to clasp the pole, which is contrary to
cold water.
If the season is too ungenial after all
to remove them even to a warm border
the course of the sun, and opposite to
the habit of most climbers.
Those who have not the convenience
the plants are ofYen inserted in patches, of a frame, (or hand-glass which will
to have the protection of frames or answer the same purpose,) should have
hand lights at night, or as the weather i the hills prepared and poles inserted,
demands. choosing a mild, dry time, about the
Said to be perennial. — It has been : close of May, for planting the beans,
stated, that kidney beans appear of a If wet weather should '^immediately
perennial nature, 'and that they have succeed, and the seed rot, replant as
been observed to vegetate for several soon as the ground dries. Good crops
years — the plants being in the vicinity 1 have been produced in the vicinity of
of a steam-engine, and so situated that Philadelphia, when planted even so late
the frost could not penetrate to the as first of June.
roots. i After they become well established,
Beans, Pole. — The Scarlet Runners,! and have clasped the poles, no further
and While Dutch Beans, are very deli- i care is requisite, other than keeping the
cately flavoured, and are used either | weeds under, and the hills occasionally
in the pod, or shelled when further stirred.
advanced; but in this section of the; The Carolina or Sewee bean, is of a
country, and perhaps further South, they : smaller size than the Lima; much
bear so sparingly most seasons, as to be I hardier, rather earlier, and more pro-
ecarcely worth cultivating. | ductive, but generally considered less
The Lima is too well known to need j rich. In other respects they closely
description. Two varieties are cuiti- resemble each other — time and mode
vated ; the one broad and thin, the of planting may be a little in advance
other much thicker. We have some- of the Lima — cultivation precisely the
times thought. the latter the more tender ! same. — Rural Reg.
anu delicate when boiled. The Lima i Beavs, English. Vicia Faba, of
Bean is very tender, not bearing the i JAnnceus. Feve de marais, Fr. Bohn,
slighted frost, and is very subject to rot \ Ger. Fava, Hal. Habas, Span.
when planted early, or during a spell ofi Of the above kind, commonly called
rainy or damp cool weather. To guard j in this country " Horse Bean," there is
against which, the best plan is to sprout considerable variety ; two of them have
them in a frame, (as recommended for | been selected by us for cultivation, be-
thc Long Pod or Windsor,) so situated,; lieving them the best adapted for the
that the damp and frost can he excluded
An old hot-bed answers the purpose
effectually. They need not be planted
climate, and quite sufficient of the kind.
They are the Early Long Pod and Broad
Windsor. Both succeed with the same
therein, before the middle of spring, nor j treatment, but the first named, is the
transplanted till towards its close; a < more certain bearer of the two. In
little earlier or later, as the weather i England, where they are extensively
may make expedient ; if planted early, | cultivated, they do much better than in
they will at best remain stationary, and j this country, preferring its damp cool
may, perhaps, do worse. They should atmosphere, to our frequently dry and
be planted in hills in well cultivated ' hot one ; to counteract which, it is de-
ground, dressed either in the piece or sirable to plant so early in the spring,
hills, with thoroughly rotted manure
from the barn-yard. The hills should
be raised three or four inches above the
as the ground will admit of being
worked; in the latitude of Philadelphia,
(39= 57) the latter part of February,
average level, and be three feet apart , or beginning of March, if possible;
each way, with a pole six or eight feet they then come into flower before, the
liigh, well secured in the ground, to weather becomes hot, otherwise the
each hill. Three plants in a hill are! blossoms drop, and set no fruit.
Bufhcient. As the vines shoot up, they i Plant them in drills, either single or
should be tied to the poles, till they get ' double, two inches apart in the drills,
hold, when they will support them- and cover one to two inches deep. If
selves. In trying them, observe to do in double drills, with alleys two and a
it in the direction in which they incline 1 half feet wide. If in single rows, two
KIR
334
KIT
feet alleys answer, unless it be intended [ of a mansion, or the plan of the grounds,
to cultivate them with the horse hoe, as < allows him to construct it in the most
is done by market gardeners. appropriate spot.
Those who are particularly fond of i A gentle declination towards the
this bean, can accelerate the crop, by , south, with a point to the east, is the
setting a frame at the close of winter, \ most favourable aspect ; to the north-
under the lee of a board fence, or other ! east the least so : in short, any point to
protected situation, exposed to the sun,
which cover with glass, and in severe
weather with matting or straw, so as
effectually to exclude the frost. Herein
plant the beans, one seed to the square
inch, and let them remain, until the
arrival of milder weather, when they
should be transplanted to the position
in the garden which it is intended they
shall occupy. In transplanting them,
care should be taken not to injure the