a bell-glass, and in bottom-heat ; sandy peat,
with pieces of charcoal. Winter temp., 48 to
53 ; summer, 60 to 85.
M. seto'sus (bristly). 2. Green. Peru. 1829,
MARIA 'LIA. See Tovo'mita.
MARIA'NTHUS. (From Marian, Mary,
and anthos, a flower; dedicated to the
Virgin Mary. Nat. ord., Plttospornds
[Pittosporacece]. Linn., 5-Pentuiulri
1-Monoyynia. Allied to Sollya.)
Greenhouse deciduous climbers. Cuttings of
young side-shoots, in sand, under a bell-glass,
in May ; sandy loam, fibry peat, with potsherds
and charcoal, to keep the soil rather open.
Winter temp., 40 to 45.
M. cceru'leo-puncta'tus (Ojvmg'e-blue-spotted).
4. Blue. April. Swan River. 1840.
frutico'sus (shrubby). Swan River. 1841.
MA'RICA. (From mamino, to flag ;
referring to the ephemeral nature of
the flowers, which last hardly a day.
Nat. ord., Irlds [Iridacece]. Linn., <\-
Trlandrla \-Monoqynia. Allied to Iris.)
Marica has been long known, therefore we
retain it, but the true name is Cipura. Her-
baceous evergreens. By seed, sown in a slight
hotbed, in spring; by offsets, in abundance,
though seed ripens very freely; sandy loam,
peat and leaf-mould ; they require the protec-
tion of a greenhouse or a cold pit in winter.
M, ceeru'lea (blue), 2. Blue. May, Brazil.
1818.
MAR
L 581 ]
MAR
J/. ccelc'stis (sky . blue). 3, Blue, Brazil.
182Q.
gru'cilis (slender). 2. Yellow, blue. Au-
gust. Brazil. 1830.
longifo'lia (long-leaved). Striped. August.
Brazil. 1830.
Martinice'nsis (Martinico). 2. Yellow.
Martinico. 1/82.
Northia'na (North's). 4. Yellow. June.
Brazil. 1789.
paludo'sa (marsh). 1. White. July. Guiana.
1/92.
Sabi'ni (Captain Sabine's). 2. Yellow.
August. St. Thomas. 1822.
MARIGOLD. Calc'ndula officina'Hs.
T'arieties. Single, Common double,
Largest very double, Double lemon-
coloured, Great Childing, Small Child-
ing. The single-flowered, and those
which have the darkest orange colour,
possess the most flavour.
Soil. Light, dry, poor, and unshaded.
In rich ground they grow larger, but
lose much of their flavour.
Sow any time from the close of
February until June ; or in autumn,
during September. If left to them-
selves, they multiply from the self-sown
seed. Sow in drills, ten inches apart ;
the plants to be left where raised, being
thinned to ten or twelve inches asun-
der ; but when the seedlings are two or
three inches in height, they may be re-
moved into rows at similar distances as
above. Water must be given mode-
rately every other day in dry weather
Until established.
Gatheriny. The flowers, which the
spring-raised plants will produce in the
June of the same year, but those of
autumn not until that of the following
one, will be fit to gather for keeping in
July, when they are fully expanded, as
well as for use when required. Before
storing, they must be dried perfectly.
MARIGOLD (GREAT CAPE). Calc'n-
dula hy'brida.
MAKI'LA. (From marilc, live embers,
or sparks ; referring to pellucid dots
on the leaves, or a yellow fringe round
the seed-pod. Nat. ord., Theads [Tern-
stromiaceaj]. Linn., 13-Polyandria o-
Pentayynia. Allied to Mahurea.)
Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings of shoots,
when short, and getting firm at their base ;
sandy peat and loam, well-drained, and open.
Winter temp., 50 to 55 ; summer, 60 to 80.
M, racemo'sa (racemed). 12. Yellow, green,
August. West ladies. 182/.
MARJORAM. (Oriyanum.) O. Major*
a'na. Sweet or Summer Marjoram. O.
kernel co' ticum. Winter Marjoram. O.
oni'tes. Common or Pot Marjoram.
Soil. Light, dry, and moderately fer-
tile. The situation cannot be too open.
Propagation. The sweet marjoram
is propagated solely by seeds ; the
others by seed, as well as by parting
their roots, and slips of their branches.
Sow from the end of February, if open
weather, to the commencement of
June ; but the early part of April is
best. Portions of the rooted plants,
slips, &c., may be planted from Fe-
bruary until May, and during Septem-
ber and October.
Sow in drills, six inches apart, the
seed being buried not more than a
quarter of an inch deep. When the
seedlings are two or three inches high,
thin to six inches, and those removed
may be pricked in rows at a similar
distance. Those of the annual species
( O. majorana) are to remain ; but those
of the perennials, to be finally removed
during September; water being given
at every removal, and until the plants
are established.
Plant slips, &c., in rows ten or twelve
inches apart, where they are to remain ;
they must be watered moderately every
evening, and shaded during the day,
until they have taken root. In Octo-
ber the decayed parts of the perennials
are cut away, and some soil from the
alleys scattered over the bed about half-
an-inch in depth, the surface of the
earth between the stools being pre-
viously stirred gently. The tops and
leaves of all the species are gathered
when green, in summer and autumn,
for use, in soups, &c. ; and a store of
the branches are cut and dried in July
or August, just before the flowers open
for winter's supply.
Seed. If a plant or two are left un-
gathered from of the Pot-marjoram,
the seed ripens in the course of the au-
tumn. But the others seldom ripen
their seed in this country; consequently
it is usually obtained from the south of
France or Italy.
Forcing. When the green tops are
much in request, a small quantity of
seed of the summer raaijoraia is sown
MAB
[ 582 ]
MAS
in January or February, in a moderate \
hotbed.
MARKET-GARDENER, one who grows
garden produce for sale.
MARL is a compound of chalk (car-
bonate of lime) with either siliceous
sand or alumina. In the first instance
it is a siliceous marl, best applied to
heavy soils ; and in the latter a clayey
marl, adapted for light lands. Slaty
and shell-marls are varieties of the sili-
ceous. The relative proportions of the
constituents vary indefinitely, the chalk
amounting from 15 to 75 per cent. The
quantity applied per acre must also
vary greatly, according to the object to
be attained. To render a light soil
more tenacious, 100 tons per acre of
clayey marl are not too much ; neither
is the same quantity of siliceous marl
an excess, if applied to a heavy soil to
render it more friable.
MARKING FRUIT. Anaca'rdium.
MA'RLEA. (From marlija, the Indian
name. Nat. ord., Alangiads [Alangia-
cese]. Linn., 8-Octandria 1-Monoqynia.
Allied to Nyssa.)
Greenhouse evergreen shrub. Cuttings of
shoots, or, rather, short, stubby side-shoots,
taken off with a heel, in sand, under glass ; peat
and loam. Winter temp., 40 to 48.
M. begoniafo'lia (Begonia-leaved). 4. Yellow.
China.
MARRU'BIUM. Horehound. (From
the Hebrew marrob, bitter juice. Nat.
ord., Labiates [Lamiacesej. Linn., 14-
Didynamia l-Gymnospermia.)
Hardy herbaceous perennials. Division of
the roots in spring ; by slips, in a shady place,
or shaded for a time, and by seeds; common
garden soil.
M, Aly'ssum (Alyssum). l. Purple. July.
Spain. 1597.
candidi'ssimum (whitest). 2. White. July.
Levant. 1732.
catariafo'Kum (Catmint-leaved). l. Purple.
July. Levant. 1819.
leonuroi'des (Leonurus-like). 1$. Purple.
July. Caucasus. 1819.
propi'nquum (related). White. June. 1836.
vulga're (common). 2. White. July.
Britain.
lana'tum (woolly). White. Au-
gust. Britain.
MARSDE'NIA. (Named after W.
Marsden, author of a History of Su-
matra. Nat. ord., Asclepiads [Ascle-
piadacenr>]. Lirm., b-Pnilandrln \-Mo-
noyynia. Allied to Pergularia. )
Stove evergreen shrubs ; flavescens is a pretty
climber. Cuttings, in sand, under a bell-glass,
in April or May, and a very slight bottom-heat ;
sandy loam, with a little leaf-mould or peat.
Winter temp., 45 to 55 ; summer, 60 to 75.
M. ere'cta (upright). 2. White. July. Syria.
1597.
flave'scens (yellowish). 20. Yellowish. Au-
gust. New Holland. 1830.
macula'ta (spotted - leaved). 20. Green,
purple. June. New Grenada. 18H4.
suave' olens (sweet-scented). 2. White.
July. New Holland. 1816.
'
tenaci'ssima (toughest).
East Indies. 1806.
Yellow. June.
MARSCHA'LLIA. (Named after H.
Marschall, a botanical author. Nat.
ord., Composites [Asteracese]. Linn.,
IV-Syngenesia 1-JEqualis.)
Half-hardy herbaceous plants, with purplish
flowers, from Carolina. Division of the plants,
in spring, or slips of the shoots, in sandy soil,
under a hand-light, in April and May; common
sandy loam ; tmgvttifoha likes the addition of
peat ; they require a dry elevated place in win-
ter, and the protection of an evergreen bough,
or a cold dry pit, with plenty of air.
M. angustifo'li a (narrow -leaved). 2. July.
1800.
ccespito'sa (tufted). 1. Purple, white. July.
Texas. 1837-
lanceola'ta (spear-head-teaued). l. June.
1812.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). l. June. 1806.
MARSH CINQUEFOIL. Coma'nnn.
MARSH MALLOW. Althac'a.
MARSH MARIGOLD. Ca'ltha.
MARTAGON. Li' Hum ma'rtugon.
MARTY'NIA. (Named after Dr. Martyn,
once professor of Botany at Cambridge.
Nat. ord., Pedahads [Pedaliaceae].
Linn., 1-L-Didynamia 2-Angiospermia.
Allied to Pedalium.)
Greenhouse annuals. Seeds, sown in a strong
but sweet bottom - heat, in March ; plants
pricked off as soon as they can be handled,
kept close and warm, and when increasing in
size, shifted and hardened off by degrees, to
enable them to bloom in a cool stove, or a
warm greenhouse.
M. Craniola'ria (Craniolarian). White, spotted.
July. South America. 1830.
dia'ndra (two-anthered). l. Red. July.
New Spain. 1731.
fra' grans (fragrant). 2. Crimson. June.
Mexico. 1840.
longiflo'ra (long-flowered). 2. Pale purple.
July. Cape of Good Hope. 1781.
tu'tea (yellow). 14. Yellow. July. Brazil.
1825.
probosci'dea (proboscis-like), f. Light blue.
July. America. 1738.
MARVEL OF PERU. Mira'bilis.
MASDEVA'LLIA. (Named after J.
Masdevall, a Spanish botanist. Nat.
MAS
[ 583 ]
MAU
ord., Orchids [Orchidacejfi]* Linn., 20-
Gynandria l-Monandria. Allied to Oc-
tomeria.)
Stove orchids. Division, in spri:
sphagnum, rotten wood, and charco
elevated above the pots or baskets. Winter
temp., 55 to 60; summer, 60 to 90.
M. cocci' nea (scarlet). Scarlet. April. Pam-
plona.
fenestra'ta (windowed). . Brownish red.
May. Brazil. 1838.
floribu'nda (many-flowered). . Brownish
yellow. November. Brazil. 1843.
infra/eta (broken). Whitish yellow. April.
Brazil. 1835.
triangula'ris (three-angled). Yellow, purple.
June. Merida.
tubulo'sa (pipe-like). White. July. Merida.
MASSO'NIA. (Named after F. Mas-
son, a botanical traveller in South Africa.
Nat. ord., Lily worts [Liliacees]. Linn.,
fi-Hexandria 1-Monof/ynia. Allied to
Lachenalia.)
Very small bulbs, with white flowers, from
the Cape of Good Hope. Seeds or offsets, in
spring ; sandy loam, and a little peat or leaf-
mould ; grown in a pit, or in a warm border,
the bulbs being taken up when ripened, and
kept in bags or drawers ; if in pots, kept dry
until vegetation commences.
If. ca'ndida (white). . April.
echina'ta (prickly-/eao<;rf). . May. 1790.
'
October.
.
-^grandifto'ra (large-flowered).
1725.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). . March. 1775.
longifo'lia (long-leaved). . March.
sca'bra (rough). 4. February. 1790.
undula'tu (wavy-leaved), . April. 1791,
viola'cea (violet). 4. May. 1800.
MAT. See -Bass.
MATHI'OLA. Stock Gillifiower. (Named
after P. Mathioli, an Italian botanist.
Nat. ord., Cmclfers [Bras sic ace JP].
Linn., 15 -Tetrad 'ynamia.)
The annuals, such as the Ten-week Stocks,
may be sown from March to May for summer
decoration, and in August and September to
stand over the winter for spring early-flowering.
For the latter purpose, none beats the interme-
diate, Queens, Bromptons, and other biennials.
Sow in June, plant in sheltered places, and in
pots, to be kept in cold pits, and turned out
early in spring. Seeds are recommended to be
saved from the neighbourhood of double flowers,
which we consider of no importance ; the only
true theory to get double flowers, is to leave
few seeds on a plant, and give it very high cul-
tivation, and as much sunshine as possible.
For fine flowering, all these prefer rich, light
soil. The best of them may be successfully
preserved by cuttings, under a hand-light, and
then kept in a cold pit in winter. The shrubby
greenhouse kinds are easily propagated by cut-
tings, and delight in a rich sandy soil.
HABDY ANNUALS.
M . acau'lis (stemless). . Red. June. Egypt.
1823.
a'nnua (annual. Ten-week-stock}, 2. Va-
rious. August. South Europe. 1731.
a'lba (white). l. White. July.
South Europe.
flo'reple'no (double). l. Red. July.
Gree'ca (Grecian. Wall-flower-leaved). 2.
White. August. South Europe.
li'vida (livid). Livid, purple. July. Egypt.
1820.
longipe'tala (long-petaled). 1. Red, yellow.
June. Bagdad. 1818.
parviflo'ra (small -flowered). . Purple.
July. Morocco. 1799-
tricuspida'ta (three- pointed -leaved), .
Purple. July. Barbary. 1739.
HAEDY BIENNIALS.
M. coronopifo'lia (Buckhorn-leaved). 1. Pur-
ple. June. Sicily. 1819.
fenestra'lis (window). 1. Purple. July.
Crete. 1759.
Sicu'la (Sicilian). l. Lilac. July. Sicily.
1835.
simplicicau' Us (single-stemmed). 2. Purple.
July.
a'lba (white). 2. White.
July.
sinua'ta (scollop-leaved). 1. Dingy red.
July. England.
Tata'rica (Tartarian). 1. Red, yellow.
July. Tartary. 1820.
GREENHOUSE EVERGREENS.
M. glabra'ta (smooth). 2. White. August.
flo'reple'no (double). 2. White,
purple. August.
purpu'rea (purple). 2. Purple.
August.
inca'na (hoary. Queen's Stock). 1. Purple.
August. England.
a'lba (white-branching). 1. August.
cocci 1 nea (scarlet. Brompton Stock).
1. Scarlet. August. England.
multiplex (double). 1. Variegated.
August. England.
Madere'nsis (Madeira). Violet. May.
odorati'ssima (sweetest-scented). 2. Livid.
June. Persia. 1/95.
fr a' grans (fragrant). 2. Livid.
June. Crimea. 1823.
tortuo'sa (twisted). Purple. July. Cape
of Good Hope. 1816'.
tri'stis (dark-flowered). l. Livid. June.
South Europe. 1768.
MATO'NIA. (Named after the late
Dr. Maton. Nat. ord., Ferns [Polypo-
diaceeej. Linn., 2-Cryptogamia l-Fi-
lices.)
Stove Fern. See Ferns.
M. pectina'ta(com\3-like-frond). Yellow. May.
Mount Ophir. 1839.
MAURA'NDYA. (Named after Pro-
fessor Mauruiidy, of Carthagena. Nat.
ord., Fiyworts [Scrophulariaceiw] . Linn.,
H-Didynamia %-Anyiosptirinia. )
MAU
[584]
MAX
Greenhouse evergreen twiners from Mexico. ,
Seeds sown in a slight hotbed, in spring ; and :
Cuttings of shoots, in sandy soil, in spring or '
autumn ; rich sandy loam, with a little peat or '
leaf-mould ; will flourish in a cool greenhouse,
and in summer on wires, and fences, and pillars
in the open air.
AT. untirrhiniflo'ra (Snapdragon-flowered). 10. !
Purple. July. 1844.
Barclaya'na (Barclay's). 10. Blue, white.
July. 1825.
a'lba (white - floivcred). 10.:
White. Year. 1842.
scmpcrflo'rens (ever-flowering). 10. Purple.
July. 1796.
MAU'EIA. (Named after A. Mauri, I
an Italian botanist. Nat. ord., Anacards \
or Terebintlis [Anacardiacese]. Linn.,
21-Moncecia 7-Octandria. Allied to
Duvaua.)
Stove evergreen trees with pinkish flowers,
from Peru. Cuttings of ripe shoots, in heat,
under a hand-glass ; common loam and a little
peat ; usual stove treatment.
M. heteropfiy'lla (variously-leaved). 20. 1822.
simplicifo'liu (plain-leaved). 20. 1822.
MAUEI'TIA. (Named after Prince
Maurice, of Nassau. Nat. ord., Palms
[Pahnacece], Linn., 22-Dicccia ti-Hex-
andria.')
Stove Palms. Seeds in a hotbed, in spring;
rich fibry sandy loam. Winter temp., 55;
summer, 60 to 90.
M. arma'ta (armed). 40. Brazil. 1824.
flexuo'sa (zig-zag-spiked). 40. White, green.
Surinam. 1816.
^vini'fera (wine-bearing). 40. Maranhatn.
MAXILLA'KIA. (From maxilla, the
jaws of an insect; referring to a re-
semblance of the columns and labellum.
Nat. ord., Orchids [OrchidaceroJ. Linn.,
20-Gynandria l-Monandria.)
Stove orchids. Divisions of the plant, in
spring ; fastened on wood covered with sphag-
num, or raised in baskets filled with sphagnum,
old wood, turfy peat, and charcoal. Winter
temp., 56 to 65 ; summer, 60 to 90. Dry in
winter ; moist when growing.
31. a'lba (white). White. West Indies.
aroma! tica (aromatic). 1. Yellow. May.
Mexico. 1825.
atropurpu'rea (dark-purple). 1. Dark pur-
ple. July. Mexico. 1828.
atroru'bens (dark-red). Dark red. July.
au'reo-fu'lva (golden-brown), i. Golden
brown. June. South America. 1836'.
barba'ta (bearded). Yellow. May, Mexico.
1839.
Bamng'to'nj'd; (Harrington's). l. Yellow, j
brown. April. Jamaica. 17QO.
ca'ndida (whitened). White. April. Brazil.
1840.
citri'na (citron-coloured). Yellow- May.
Mexico, 1840*
M. cotica'va (concave), June, Guatemala.
1844.
crassifo'lia (thick-leaved). Brazil. 1836.
crista'ta (crested-lipped). $. White, pur-
ple. July. Trinidad.
cro'cea (saffron). . Saffron. 'Rio Janeiro.
cunea'ta (wedge - shaped). White, pink.
1844.
De'ppii (Deppe's). Yellow, green. June.
Xalapa. 1828.
galea'ta (helmeted). Orange. September.
Xalapa. 1828.
grami'nea (Grass - leaved). Yellow, red.
Demerara.
grandi flo'ra (large - flowered). White, yel-
low. August. Merida.
Harriso'nia; (Mrs. Harrison's). l. Yellow,
red. Brazil.
I a i lba ( w hite). White. April,
Brazil. 1843.
grandiflo'ra (large - flowered),
April. Rio Janeiro.
jugo'sa (ridged). Crimson, yellow. Brazil,
1842.
luteo-a'lba (yellowish-white). Yellow, white.
June. Merida.
Lyo'nii (Mr. Lyon's). Purple, brown.
Mexico. 1845.
Maclea'ii (Mac Leay's). White, maroon.
Mexico. 1839.
margina'ta (bordered). Dark yellow. June.
Merida.
meleu'gris (Guinea-fowl). Yellow, brown.
May. South America.
Yellowish.
May. South America.
ockrolcu'ca (pale-yellow). $. Yellowish.
July. Rio Janeiro.
ornithoglo'ssa (bird's - tongue). White.
Mexico. 1842.
pallidiflo'ra (pale-flowered). 1. Yellow.
St. Vincent. 1826.
palmifo'lia (palm-leaved). White. Jamaica.
Parke'ri (Parker's). 2. Buff, white. Aprih
Demerara. 1826.
pi'ct a (painted). . Orange, red. De-
cember. Brazil.
ma'jor (larger). Yellow, white. De-
cember. Brazil. 1837.
platanthe'ra (flat-anthered). Green, white.
July. Brazil. 1835.
psittaci'na (parrot-like). 1. Red, yellow.
October. Mexico. 1835.
puncta'ta (spotted). . White, spotted.
October.
a'lba (white). White, spotted,
October. Brazil. 1838.
purpu'rea (purple). Purple, spotted,
October. Brazil. 1839.
racemo'sa (racemed). jj. Buff, yellow.
June. Rio Janeiro. 1826.
Rollisso'nii (Rollison's). . Yellow. Au-
gust. Brazil. 1836.
stapelioi'des (Stapelia-like). $. Orange.
June. Brazil. 1837.
Stee'lii( Steel's). 2. Yellow, spotted. July.
Demerara. 1836.
tenuifo'lia (slender-leaved). 1. Purple,
yellow. June. Vera Cruz. 1837.
tetrago'na (four - angled). Purple, green,
white. July. Brazil. 1827.
triangula'ris (three-angled). Brown, crim-
son. Guatemala.
ci'ridis (green). . Green, May, Brazil,
MAX
[ 585 ]
MEA
SI. in7e//e'a(yolk-of-egg-coloured). $. Orange. \
June. Brazil. 1837.
Warrea'na (Warre's). 2. White, purple.
August. Brazil. 1829.
xu'nthinu (yellow). Yellow. Organ Moun- '
tains.
MAXIMILIA'NA. (Named after Prince
Maximilian. Nat. ord., Palms [Palma-
ceffij. Linn., 23-Polyyamial-Moncecia.
Allied to Cocos.)
Stove Palms. Seeds, in a hotbed ; rich sandy
loam. Winter temp., 55 to fiO ; summer, 60
to 85.
M. re'gia (royal), 60. Brazil. 1825.
MAY. Cratic'yns oxyca'ntha.
MAY-APPLE. Podophy'llum pclta'tnm.
MAYTE'NUS. (From maitcn, the Chi-
lian name. Nat. ord., Spindlctrees [Ce-
lastracece]. Linn., 23-Polyyamia 2-
Dicccia. Allied to Celastrus.)
Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Cuttings of
half-ripened shoots, in sand, under a glass, in
May; sandy peat and fibry loam. Winter
temp., 35 to 45.
M. boa'ria (Boaria). 10. White. Chili. 1822.
Chile'nsis (Chilian). 12. Green, yellow.
May. Chili. 182Q.
octago'nus (eight- an g\e-stemmed) . 6. White.
October. Peru. 1/86.
vei'ticilla'tus (whorled). 6. White. Octo-
ber. Peru. 1823.
MAZE. See Labyrinth.
MA'ZUS. (From mazos, a teat; re-
ferring to the tubercles in the opening
or mouth of the flower. Nat. ord.,
Fig worts [ S cr ophulariace re ] . Linn . ,
1-i-Didynamia %-Angiospermia. Allied
to Dodartia.)
Hardy annuals. Seeds, in hotbed, in March,
seedlings hardened off, and transferred to the
open ground in May.
M. pumi'lio (dwarf). ^. Pale purple. June.
Van Dieman's Land. 1823.
rugo'sus (wrinkly). . Yellow. July. China.
1780.
MEADOW-HUE. ThalVctrum.
MEADOW-SAFFRON. Co'lchicum.
MEADOW-SWEET. Spirw'a ulma'ria.
MEASUEES.
CORN MEASURE.
4 Gills .
2 Pints .
4 Quarts
'2 Gallons
4 Pecks
4 Bushels
8 Bushels
5 Quarters
34| Cubic Indie's,
1 Pint . containing .
1 Quart 69
1 Gallon 277|
1 Peck 554i
1 Bushel 2218*
1 Sack 5| Cubic Feet
1 Quarter 10
1 Load 5U
TIMBER MEASURE.
A load of timber, unhewn, is 40 cub. ft. A load of 2^-inch plank 240 square feef.
squared, 50 3
1 inch plank GOO sq. ft. tf
1* 400 4
2 300
200
170
150
LAND MEASURE.
The English statute aero contains
4840 square yards; the Scotch, 5760;
tenantry, 3630. The French arpent is
an English acre and three-fourths of a
the Irish, 7840; the Devonshire, cus- j rood. The Strasbury acre is nearly
ternary, 4000 ; the Cornish, 5700 ; the half an English acre ; the Prussian
Lancashire, 7840 ; the Cheshire and j morgen is not quite three-fourths of an
Staffordshire, 10,240 ; the Wiltshire \ acre.
LONG MEASURE.
12 Inches
3 Feet .
Feet .
Yards
1 Foot.
1 Yard.
1 Fathom.
1 Pole.
40 Poles .
8 Furlongs
3 Miles .
0!Ji Miles .
1 Furlong.
1 Mile.
1 League.
1 Degree.
MEA
Inches.
144
1,206
39,204
1,568,160
6,272,640
L [ 586 ]
MEA
SQUARE MEASURE.
Feet.
1
Yards.
Poles,Rods,
9
1
or Perches.
273*
30
1
Roods.
10,890
1210
40
1
43,560
4840
IW
4
30 Acres are 1 Yard of Land.
100 .... 1 Hide of Land.
640 .... 1 Square Mile.
Acre.
1
CUBIC MEASURE.
1728 Cubic Inches make ....
H
27
40
50
108
128
Feet
of Rough Timber
of Hewn do. .
HEAPED MEASURES.
Cubic Foot.
Yard.
1 Load.
1 Stack of Wood.
1 Cord.
Our market-gardeners, and retailers
of fruit, potatoes, &c., generally vend
their commodities as if the Act of Par-
liament, 5 and 6 Will. IV. c. 63, did
not exist. By this statute selling by
heaped measure is forbidden under a
penalty of not more than 40s. for every
such sale. Section 8 provides that, as
some articles heretofore sold by heaped
measure are incapable of being strick-
en, and may not inconveniently be sold
by weight, it is enacted, that all such
articles may henceforth be sold by a
bushel-measure, corresponding in shape
with the bushel prescribed by the 5
Geo. IV. c. 74, for the sale of heaped
measure, or by any multiple or aliquot
part thereof, filled in all parts as nearly
to the level of the brim as the size and
shape of the articles will admit; but
nothing herein shall prevent the said
by weight of any article heretofore sold
by heaped measure. The 5 Geo. IV.
c. 74, thus referred to, enacts, by sec-
tion 7, that for potatoes, fruit, etc., the
bushel shall be made round, with a
plain and even bottom, and being nine-
teen inches and a half from outside to
outside, and capable of containing 80 Ib.
weight of water.
WOOD FUEL.
English Measure. Wood-fuel is
assized into shids, billets, faggots, fall-
wood, and cord-wood. A shid is of
fall-wood and cord-wood.
A shid is to be four feet long, and,
according as they are marked and
notched, their proportion must be in
the girth viz., if they have but one
notch they must be sixteen inches in
the girth ; if two notches, twenty-three
inches ; if three notches, twenty-eight
inches ; if four notches, thirty-three
inches ; and if five notches, thirty-eight
inches about.
Billets are to be three feet long, of
which there should be three sorts-
namely, a single cask, and a cask of
twOi The first is seven inches, the
second ten inches, and the third four-
teen inches about. They are sold by
the hundred of five score.
Fagyots are to be three feet long,
and, at the band, of twenty-four inches
about, besides the knot ; of such fag-
gots fifty go to the load.
Bavins and Spray -wood are sold by
the hundred, which are accounted a
load; Cord-wdod is the bigger sort of
fire-wood ; and it is measured by a cord
or line, whereof there ate two measures
that of fourteen feet in length, three