them, and by cutting off the points of shoots
and inserting in sandy peat, under a hand-light,
in summer. Marshy, peaty soil, such as a bed
surrounded with water. The cranberry, how-
ever, has been grown successfully in a bed on a
north border, without any water round it, and
the produce was good and plentiful. Macro-
carpa produces the largest fruit. See American
Cranberry.

0. ere'ctus (upright). May. North America.
1806.

macroca'rpus (large-fruited). . May. North

America. 1760.

. variega'tus (variegated- Jeaved).

3. May.

palu'stris (marsh), i- May. Britain.

OXYGO'NIUM. (From oxys, sharp, and
gonu, an angle ; referring to the divi-
sions of the leaf or frond. Nat. ord.,
Ferns [Polypodiacese]. Linn., 24-
Oryptogamia I-Filices.)

Stove, brown-spored Ferns, from the East
Indies. See Ferns.
O. alismenfo'lium (Alisma-leaved). April.

e'legans (elegant). June. 1842.

ova'tum (egg-shaped). May. 1842.
~ vittcEfo'rme (band- like). June. 1840.

OXYLO'BIUM. (From oxys, sharp,



and lulos, a pod ; the seed-pods ending
in a sharp point. Nat. ord., Leguminous
Plants [Fabacese]. Linn., W-Dccnndria
l-Monogynia. Allied to Fodolobium.)

Greenhouse yellow-flowered evergreen shrubs
from New Hollasd. Seeds sown in a mild hot-
bed, in April, after being soaked in warm water ;
cuttings of young shoots, not too firm, in sand,
under a bell-glass, in April or May ; sandy peat,
a few bits of a fibry loam, a greater quantity of
charcoal, broken crocks, c., and abundant
drainage. Winter temp., 40 to 48.
0. arbore'scens (tree-like). 6. May. 1805,

capita' turn (round-headed).

cordifo'lium (heart-leaved). 3. June. 1807.

dilata'tum (spread). 1840.

elli'pticum (o\a.l-leaved). 3. July. 1805.

ferrugi'neum (rusty). 2. May. 1820.

Huge'lii (Baron Hugel's). 1845.

o6oL'a'wm(reversed-egg-shaped). 2. March.

1840.

obtusifo'lium (blunt-leaved). 2. Scarlet.

May. 1824.

parviflo'rum (small-flowered. 1840.

Pultence'cE (Pulteney's). 2. Dark orange.

March. 1824.

retu'sum (jagged-leaved). 2. Orange. May.

1823.

spino'sum (spiny). 2. May. 1825.

OXYPE'TAIATM. (From oxys, sharp,
and petalon, a petal; petals sharp-
pointed. Nat. ord., Asdepiads [Ascle-
piadacese]. Linn., b-Pentandria 2-Di-
gynia. Allied to Asclepias.)

Stove, evergreen climbers, from Brazil. Cut-
tings, in sand, under a bell-glass, in bottom
heat; sandy loam, and fibry peat. Winter
temp., 50 to 60 ; summer, 60 to 85.
0. appendicula'tum (appendaged). 6. Yellow.
1823.

Ba'nksii (Banks's). Cream. June. 1826.

solanoi'des (Solanum-like). 3. Purplish-

scarlet. 1847.

OXYRA'MPHIS. (From oxys, sharp,
and ramphos, a beak; shape of the seed-
pod. Nat. ord., Leguminous Plants
[Fabacete]. Linn., 17-Diadelphia 4-
Decandria. Allied to Desmodium.)

Greenhouse evergreen shrub. Cuttings of
young shoots, in sand, under a bell-glass ; and
seeds sown in spring ; sandy fibry loam, and a
little peat and leaf-mould. Winter temp., 40
to 50.

0. macro'styla (long-styled). 4. Purple, crim-
son. October. Saharanpoor. 1837.

OXY'SPORA. (From oxys, sharp, and
spora, a seed, which is here awned at
both ends. Nat. ord., Melftstomads
[Melastomacea^]. Linn., %-Octandria
\.Monoyynia. Allied to Ehexia.)

Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings of young
shoots, in sandy soil, under a glass, in bottom-
heat, in April ; sandy peat, fibry loam, and



OXY



[ 670 ]



PAC



nodules of charcoal. Winter temp., 50 to 60 ;
summer, 60 to 85.

O.panicula'ta (panicled). 3. Red. June.
Nepaul. 1826.

OXYSTE'LMA. (From oxys, sharp,
and stelma, a crown ; referring to the
acute little leaves accompanying the
flower-head or crown. Nat. ord., Ascle-
piads [Asclepiaclacese]. Linn., 5-Pe-n-
tandria 2-Diyynia. Allied to Eustegia.)

Stove evergreen climber. Cuttings of half-
riperied shoots, in sand, under a bell-glass, and
in bottom-heat, in May ; sandy peat and fibry
loam. Winter temp., 50 to 60 ; summer, 60
to 85.

0. escule'ntum (eatable). 4. Yellow. East
Indies. 1816.

OXY'TKOPIS. (From oxys, sharp, and
tropis, a keel ; the keel petal ends in a
sharp point. Nat. ord., Leguminous
Plants [Fabacece]. Linn., I7-Diadel-
phia k-Decan dria. Allied to Astragalus. )

Hardy herbaceous perennials from Siberia,
except where otherwise stated. Chiefly by
seeds, sown where the plants are intended to
remain, as they do not transplant well ; though
also by dividing the plants in spring, and by
cuttings of young shoots, under a hand-light,
in a shady place, in summer ; dry sandy loam.
0. umbi'gua (ambiguous). . Purple. June.
1817.

urge'ntea (silvery). Pale. June. 1827.

argyrophy'llus (silvery - leaved). Purple.

1831.

breviro'stris (short-beaked). . Blue. Au-

gust. 1802.

cceru'lea (blue). Blue. June. 1827.

cumpe'stris (field). . Pale yellow. June.

Scotland.

ca'ndicans (whitish). Pale. June. 1827.

cya'nea (azure Caucasian}. . Blue. July.

Caucasus. 1818.

dealba'ta (whited). . Purple. July. Cau-

casus. 1803.

defle'xci (bent-down). . Purple. June.

1800.

dicho'ptera (doubly - winged). . Blue.

June. 1815.

Fische'ri (Fischer's). . Blue. July. Altai.

1817-

floribu'nda (bundle-flowered). Purple. May.
1827.

fa'tida (fetid). . Pale yellow. July.

Switzerland. 181Q.

gla'bra (smooth). . Purple. July.

Dahuria. 1823.

grandiflo'ra (large - flowered). . Red.

June. 1820.

lepto'ptera (narrow-winged) . .

Blue. June. 1818.

Lambe'rti (Lambert's). 1. Purple. August.

Missouri. 1811.

leptophy'lla (fine-leaved). . Red. July.

1818.

tongicu'spis (long-pointed). Purple. June.

1827.

s-beaked). $, Purple* 182D.
43



0. microphy'lla (small-leaved). $. Pale yel-
low. July. 181Q.

monta'na (mountain). $. Purple. Yellow.

Austria. 1581.

myriophy'lla (myriad-leaved), . Purple,

white. July. 1818.

oxyphy'lla (sharp-leaved). . Purple. July.

1816.

Palla'sii (Pallas's). . Pale yellow. July.

1818.

pilo'sa (long-haired). . Pale yellow. July.

1732.

prostra'ta (prostrate). $. Blue, white,

July. 1820.

seto'sa (bristly). Purple. June. 1828.

songa'rica (Songarian). . Violet. June.

Altai. 1824.

sulphu'rea (sulphury). . Cream. July.

1820.

sylva'tica (wood). Purple. May. 1820.

tene'lla (tender). Blue. June. 1828.

unca'ta (hooked). . White. July. Aleppo.

1768.

urale'nsis (Uralian). \. Purple. July. 1800.

verticilla'ris (whorl- leaved). $. Blue,

white. July. 181Q.

visco'sa (clammy). White. July. Switzer-

land. 1817-

OXYTJ'RA. A synonyme of a low,
yellow-flowering, composite, hardy an-
nual from California, first named by
Endlicher, Tollatla. Sow in April in
common soil.

OYED^E'A. ( From the Peruvian name.
Nat. ord., Composites [Asteraceee].
Linn., 19-Syngenesia 3-Fntstranea.)

Greenhouse evergreen shrub ; same culture
as for Bupthalmium.

0. bupthalmoi'des (Ox-eye-like). Yellow. Sep-
tember. Peru. 1848.

OYSTEE PLANT. Pulmona'ria mari-
ti'ma.

OZOTHA'MNUS. (From ozos, a branch,
and thamnos, a shrub. Nat. ord., Com-
posites [Asteracea3]. Linn., IQ-Synge-
nesia 1-JE quails. Allied to Helichry-
sum.)

Greenhouse, yellow-flowered evergreens, from
Van Diemen's Land. Cuttings of young shoots,
in sand, with a little peat in it, under a bell-
glass, in spring or summer ; loam and peat.
Require the greenhouse in winter.
0. cine'reus (grey). 1. July. 1820.

ferrugi'neus (rusty). 1. July. 1822.

rosmurinifo'lius (Rosemary-leaved). I.July.

1822.

P.

PACHYPHY'LLUM. (From pachys, thick,
and phylhn, a leaf. Nat. ord., Orchids
[Orchidacese]. Linn., 2Q-Gynan(lria 1-
Monandrla. Allied to Brassia and
Maxillaria.)

sx



PAG



674 ]



P.EO



Cuttings of the young shoots any time during I servat
spring and summer, drying them at the base, I high i
and inserting them in sandy loam ; sandy loam,
a little brick- rubbish, and dried cow-dung ;
little water and plenty of light is required in
winter. See Orchids.

P. procu'mbens (lying- down). Green, blue.
May. Mexico. 1836.

PACHYPO'DIUM. (From pachys, thick, j '
and jjodion, a foot; referring to the I
stalks of the flowers. Nat. ord., Dog- i
banes [Apocynacese]. Linn., 5-Pentan- \
dria \-Monoyynia. Allied to Nerium.) j

Greenhouse evergreens, from the Cape of Good
Hope, with white and red flowers. Cuttings of
young shoots, in spring, base dried before in-
serting in dryish sandy soil; sandy loam, a
little brick-rubbish and peat, but little water in
winter. Winter temp., 40 to 45. Propagated
also by a division of the fleshy tuber-like roots.
P. succule'ntum (succulent). 1. May. 1823.

tubero'sum (tuberous). 1. August. 1813.

PACHYSA'NDRA. (From pachys, thick,
and aner, a stamen. Nat. ord., Spurge-
worts [Euphorbiaceffi]. Linn., 2l-Mo-
iiceda k-Tetrandria. Allied to Buxns.)

Division snd suckers ; common sandy loam.
The stove undershrub by cuttings, in a little
heat, but otherwise requiring no particular
treatment. The herbaceous by division, in
spring; sandy loam and peat.

P. coria'cea (leathery-Jeaued), 4. White. June.
Nepaul. 1822. Stove evergreen.

procu'mbens (trailing). $. White. April.

North America. 1800. Hardy herba-
ceous.

P^EDE'RIA. (From ptederos, opal ;
referring to its transparent herries.
Nat. ord., Ginchonads [Cinchonaceas].
Linn., 5-Penlandria I-Monoyynia.)

Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings, in sand, in
summer, in a little bottom-heat, under a glass ;
sandy loam and leaf-mould. Winter temp.,
48 to 55 ; summer, 60 to 80.
P. fae'tida (stinking) . 6. Purple. China. 1S06.

P^EO'NIA. Pseony. (Named after Paon,
a physician, \vho first used it medi-
cinally. Nat. ord., Crowfoots [Raiiun-
culacese]. Linn., 13- Poly 'an dria 2-
Dlgynia.)

Seeds for raising varieties, sown in Septem-
ber, in a cold pit, will appear some the first and
others the second spring. Herbaceous kinds
by division of the roots. Tree, or Moutan, by
division ; by grafting on the herbaceous roots ;
by cuttings of the young shoots, in spring,
under a glass, and in a little heat ; by layers
and suckers ; by layering young shoots, after
ringing round each bud, so that each bud forms
a plant; deep good loam. The Moutans re-
quire a little protection in spring ; do well for
forcing, and for the border? of large .cool cop-



ervatories, where the temperature is not kept
in winter.



HARDY SHRUBS.

3. Purple.



May.



P. Mou'tan (Chinese-tree}

China. 178Q.
- a'lbida ple'na (double-white). 2.

White. May. China.

- - Anne'slei (Annesley's). 3. Pink.
May. China.

atropurpu'rea (dark -purple -flow-
ered}. 4. Purple. April. China. 1846.

Ba'nksii (Banks's). 3. Purple.
May. China. 1/94.

ca'rnea ple'na (double - flesh - co -
loured). 2. Flesh. May. China.

globo'sa (globular -flowered). 3.
White, purple. April. Shanghae. 1845.

Hla'cina (lilac -coloured). 3. Lilac.
April. China. 1845.

Hu'mei (Sir Abercrombie HumeV.
2. Purple. May. China. 1817.

papavera'cea (Poppy - like). 3.
White. May. China. 178Q.

parviflo'ra (small -flowered). 3.
Pale rose. April. Shanghae. 1845.

pi' eta (painted). 3. Pale and deep-
rose-striped. April. Canton. 1845.

Rawf.'sii(Ra,vfes'a). 2. Pale pink.
May. China. 1820.

ro'sea (rosy). 3. Pink. May. China.

ro'sea ple'na (double-rose). 2. Red.
May. China. 1804.

ro'sea semi-pie 'na (semi - double -
rose). 2. lied. May. China. 1/94.

salmo'nea (salmon-coloured). 3.
Pale salmon. April. China. 1846.

specio'sa (showy). 2. Pink. May.



China. 1825.

HARDY HERBACEOUS.

P. albiflo'ra (white-flowered). 2. White. May.
Siberia. 1548.

ca'ndida (white). 2. Flesh. May.



Siberia.

fe'sta (pleasant).



2. White, pink.



June.
fr a 1 grans (fragrant). 2. Red. May.

China. 1805.
Hu'mei (Hume's double-crimson}.

2. Red. May. China. 1808.
Po'ttsii (Potts's). 3. Crimson.

June. China. 1822.
: Reeve'trii (Reeves's - double). 2.

Pink. June. China. 1822.
rube'scens (ruddy) . 2. Pink. May.

Siberia.
Sibi'rica (Siberian). 2. White.

May. Siberia.
Tartu 1 rica (Tartarian). 2. Flesh.

May. Siberia.
uniflo'ra (single-flowered). 2. Pink.

May. Siberia.
vesta' Us (virgin). 2. White. May.

Siberia.
Whitle'ji (Whitley's double-white).

2. Blush. May. China. 180S.

ano'inalii (anomalous). 1^. Crimson. May-

Siberia. 1788.

arieti'na (ram). 2. Purple. Levant.

__ _ w _ Andersq'nii (Anderson's), Rose,



P.EO



[ 075 ]



PAN



P. arie'tina Oxonie'nsis (Oxford). 2. Pale, j
blush. June.

Bro'wnii (Brown's). Red. May. North

America. 1826.

coralli'na (coralline). 3. Crimson. May. !

England.

Co'rsica (Corsican). Purple. June. Corsica. I

Cre'tica (Cretan). 2. White. May. Crete, j

deco'ra (comely). 2. Purple. May. Turkey.
ela'tior (taller). 2. Purple. May. '

Crimea.

PaUa'sii (Pallas's). 2. Purple. May. >

Crimea.

hu' mil-is (dwarf). 2. Purple. May. Spain, j

1633.

hy'brida (hybrid). 2. Red. May. Siberia. !

loba'ta (lobed). 2. Purple. May. Spain, j

1821.

mo' His (soft). l. Purple. May. Siberia, j

officinal lis (shop). 3. Red. May. Europe.

1548.
a'lbicans (whitening). 3. White.

May.
anemonifto'ra (Anemone-flowered).

3. Pink. May. 1830.
Ba'xteri (Baxter's). 3. Crimson.

Oxford.

bla'nda (bland). 3. White. May.

carne'scens (hoary). 3. White.

May.
multipe'tala (many-petaled). 3.

Crimson. May.

ro' sea (rosy). 3. Red. May.

ru'bra (double-red."). 3. Red. May.

variega'ta (variegated-teaced). 3.

Crimson. June.

parado'xa (paradoxical). 2. Purple. May.

Levant.
compa'cta (compact). 2. Purple.

May.
fimbria'ta (double - fringed). 2.

Purple. May.
Grevi'llii (Greville's). 2. Purple.

May.

'ppregri'na (straggling). 2. Dark



purple. May.

pu'bens (downy) . 2. Red. May.

Reevesia'na(Reeve$'s). 3. Crimson. May.

China.

Ru'ssi (Russ's). 2. Crimson. May. Sicily.

aimpliciflo'ra (simple-flowered). Red. May.

Levant.

tenuifo'lia (fine-leaved). l. Red. May.

Siberia. 1765.

flo're ple'no (double-flowered). l.

Red. May. Russia. 1831.

latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 2. Crim-
son. June.

triterna'ta (thrice-three-leafleted). 3. Pur-

ple. May. Siberia. 1790.

villa' sa (shaggy). 2. Red. May. South

Europe 1816.

FP#ma2tia'n (WitmannU). 2. Greenish,

yellow. May. Abcharia. 1842.

PAINTED CUP. Castille'ja.

PAINTED GRASS. Aru'-ndo.

PALAFO'XIA. (Named after Palafox,
a Spanish general. Nat. ord., Compo-
sites [ Asterace] . Linn., IQ-Synyenesia
1-JSqwlis, Allied to Stem)



Herbaceous perennials, with white flowers.
Seeds, divisions, and cuttings of the young
shoots, in spring ; sandy loam. A cool green-
house or cold pit in winter for linearis.
P.fastigia'ta (tapering). August. North Ame-
rica. 1823. Hardy.

linea'ris (narrow-leaved'). 2. June. Mexico.

1821. Greenhouse.

PALE-BRINDLED BEAUTY MOTH. Geo-
tnc'trn.

PALICOU'REA. (Named after Le Pa
lico-ur, of Guiana. Nat. ord., Cinchonaih
[Cinchonace]. Linn., 5-Pentandria
\-Monogynia. Allied to Pscycotria.)

Some of the species are used for killing rats
and mice, in Brazil. Stove evergreen shrubs.
Cuttings, in spring, in sand, under a glass, in
gentle hotbed ; sandy loam and peat.
P.apica'ta (crowned - fruited] . 4. Yellow.
July. Caraccas. 1824.

cro'cea (saffron-coloured). 4. Orange, July.

West Indies. 1823.

Pave'tta (Pavetta-like). 2. White. August.

West Indies. 1823.

ri'gida (stiff). 3. Yellow. August. Caraccas.

1820.

PALIU'RUS. Christ's Thorn. (Name
of a plant used by Dioscorides. Nat.
ord., Rhamnads [Bhamnacea?]. Linn.,
5-Pentandria \-Monogynia. Allied to
Zizyphus.)

Hardy deciduous shrubs, with greenish-
yellow flowers. Suckers, which come freely ;
layers, and cuttings, and seeds. Virgatus is an
elegant shrub. The other, from its abundance
in Judea, is supposed to be the plant from,
which our Saviour's crown of thorns was made ;
common garden soil.

P. aculea'tus (sharp-thorned). 4. June. S.
Europe. 159(5.

virga'tus (twiggy). 0. August. Nepaul. 1817.

PALMA CHRISTI. Rid' mis,

PALM OIL. Ela'is.

PANJE'TIA fu'lva. A very pretty yel-
low-iiowered annual, which we believe
has never been introduced, described
from dry specimens by Dr. Lindley, in
his pamphlet on Swan Eiver plants.
Seeds, in moderate hotbed, in March,
planted out in May ; sandy rich soil.

PA'NAX. (From pan, all, and akos,
remedy ; referring to the stimulant
drug, Ginseng, to which miraculous
virtue is ascribed by the Chinese. Nat.
ord., Ivyworts [Araliaceee]. Linn., 23-
Polygamia S-Dicecia.)

Cuttings of young shoots, under a hand-light,
in spring and summer ; sandy loam and fibry
peat. Of all the species the following are most
worth notice.
P, wnchifo'lium (shell -leaved). 10. Yellow.



PAN



PAN



P. Jio'rridum (horrid). White. North America.
1829. Hardy deciduous.

quinquefo'lium (Ginseng. Five-leaved). 1;J.

Light yellow. June. North America.
1740. Hardy herbaceous.

PANCRA'TIUM. (From pan, all, and
kratys, potent ; supposed medicinal
qualities. Nat. ord., Amaryttids [Ama-
ryllidaceae] . Linn., Q-Hexandria \-Mo-
nogynia. Allied to Hymenocallis.)

Handsome bulbs, and white-flowered, except
where otherwise mentioned. Seeds for new
varieties, as well as for perpetuating the older ;
chiefly by offset-bulbs ; sandy loam, fibry peat,
and rotten cow-dung. Temp, for stove kinds,
winter, 50; summer, 60 to 90. Even the
hardy require a little protection in severe wea-
ther.

HARDY.

P. Carolinia'num (Carolina). 2. June. Caro.
Una. 1759.

Illy'ricum (Illyrian). 1*. May. S. Europe.

1615.

mari'timum (sea). 2. June. S. Europe. 1597.

rota'tum (wheel-crowned). 1. August. Ca-

rolina. 1803.

STOVE.

P. acutifo'lium (sharp- leaved). 2. June.
Mexico. 1824.

America'num (American). 2. June. Ja-

maica. 1820.

amag'num (.handsome). 2. June. Guiana.

1790.

angu'stum (narrow -leaved). l. June.

biflo'rum (two-flowered). 1. June. East

Indies. 1820.

Canarie'nse (Canary). l. June. Canaries.

1815.

Caribes'um (Caribean). l. June. West

Indies. 1730.

orassifo'lium (thick- leaved). l. June.

South America.

declina'tum (leaning). 2. June. West

Indies. 1825.

di'stichum (two-ranked). 1^. June. South

America.

expa'nsum (expanded). 2. June. West

Indies. 1820.

fro! grans (fragrant). 1. May. West Indies.
1819.

Guiane'nse (Guiana). 2. November. Guiana.

1815.

hu'mile (humble). Yellow.

littora'le (sea-side). 2. June. S. America.

1758.

longiflo'rum (long - flowered). 2. June.

East Indies. 1810.

Mexica'num (Mexican). 1. August. Mexico.

1732.

ova'tum (egg-leaved). 1. June. West Indies.

plica'tum (plaited). July. Macao. 1827.

specio'sum (showy). l. July. W. Indies.

1/59.

undula'tum (w&ve-leaved). 1. June. South

America.

vcrccu'ndum (ruddy). l. July. East

Indies. 17/6.
*- Zeyla'mcum (Ceylon). *. June. Ceylon, 1752.



| PANDA'NUS. Screw Pine. (From
pandany, tlie Malay name. Nat. ord.,
Screivpines [Pandanaceae], Linn., ~, ) -
Dicecia l-Monandria.)

Stove evergreen trees, with white flowers.
Chiefly by suckers ; sandy loam. Wintop
temp., 50 to 60 ; summer, 60 to 85 Q .

P. amury'llifo'lius (Amaryllis-leaved). 20. E.
Indies. 1820.

candela'brum (candlestick). 60. Guinea.

1826.

edu'lis (eatable). Madagascar. 1824:

e'legans (elegant). I. of France. 1826.

fascicula'ris (fascicled). 20. E. Indies. 1822.
furca'tus (forked). E. Indies. 1824.

hu'milis (dwarf). 8. Mauritius.

ine'rmis (unarmed). E.Indies. 1818.

integrifo'lius (entire - leaved). E. Indies.

1823.
' lee' vis (smooth). China. 1823.

latifo'Uus (broad-leaved). E. Indies. 1820.

longifo'lius (long-leaved). E.Indies. 1829.

margina'tus (margined), E.Indies. 1823.

murica'tus (point - covered). Madagascar.

1826.

odorati'ssimus (sweetest-scented). 20. E.

Indies. 1771-

refle'xus (bent-back). E. Indies. 1818.

se'ssilis (stalkless). E. Indies. 1820.

spira'lis (spiral). 20. N.S.Wales. 1805.

u'tilis (useful, red-spined). 20. I. of Bourbon.

PANICLE is a loose bunch of flowers,
as in the Oat (Ave'na) and London
Pride (Saxi'fraga).

PANNING is forming a pan or basin
in the soil round the stem of a tree or
shrub, in which to pour water.

PANSEY. Vio'la tri' color. The native
situation of the wild Pansey is generally
in fields of growing corn, where it is
partially shaded from the wind and
the heat of the midday sun. To grow
the Pansey for the purpose of exhi-
bition, the situation for the plants
should also be one sheltered from all
cutting winds, as these are very de-
structive, often injuring, and even
killing, the plants close to the soil, by
twisting them about. The situation
should be open to the free circulation
of the air, and exposed to the morning
sun, but protected from the full in-
fluence of the midday sun, which in-
jures the colour of the blooms. The
plants should be placed together in
beds made for the purpose. The situa-
tion should be cool and moist, but
thoroughly drained, for although the
Pansey requires considerable moisture
during the blooming season, and
through the summer months, yet it is



PAN



C



PAP



very impatient of superabundant mois- :
ture, and the plants will be found
never to do well when the soil becomes
in any degree sodden.

The Soil should be rich, and tolerably
light. Decayed cucumber-bed dung is
the best manure, and the soil a light
hazel loam, with a good portion of de-
cayed turf from pasture land, thoroughly
intermixed, by frequent stirring and
digging, and to three barrow-leads of
this soil add one of the cucumber-bed
manure two years old. Manure-water,
particularly guano-water, applied during
the blooming season, is very beneficial.

The Plants should be carefully se-
lected for the purpose of producing
blooms for exhibition, as it will be
always found that when they have
flowered well through one season, they
never produce so fine blooms the
second. Those who intend to grow the
Pansey for exhibition, should select
young plants well established from cut-
tings for the purpose. For the spring
exhibitions in May and June, select
plants struck the previous autumn, in
August and September ; and for the j
autumn exhibitions in September, select |
plants struck early in the spring ; and I
after these have produced their blooms,
save them for store plants, to produce
cuttings, always having *a constant suc-
cession of young plants for the pur- I
pose of blooming.

Propagation. The young side shoots
are to be preferred for cuttings, as the
old hollow stems seldom strike freely,
and do not grow so strong for spring
blooming. Take off a sufficient quan-
tity of these side shoots in August, or
the beginning of September, and for
autumn -blooming in April and May;
these insert either under hand-glasses,
or in pots placed in a cool-frame in
some good light compost, mixed with a
good quantity of silver sand, taking
care to keep them moderately moist,
and shading them from hot suns.

The Disease to which the Pansey is
most subject, is a withering away sud-
denly, as if struck by something at the
root. This disease has received various
names, as root-rot, decline, &c., but both
cause and remedy are unknown. Old
plants are much more subject to it than t



young ones, and it appears to be most
prevalent during hot and dry seasons.
When a plant is thus struck, which is
indicated by a withering of the foliage,
if it be a rare and choice kind, imme-
diately take all the cuttings you can
get, and strike them, as almost in-
variably the old plants die. Strong
stimulating manures are productive of
this disease. As a preventive keep the
surface of the soil frequently stirred.

Insects. The worst foes of the
Pansey are the slug and the snail. To
destroy and keep away these vermin,
water the bed late of an evening in
moist weather with lime-water, and
sprinkle the surface pretty thickly with
fresh wood ashes. See Agromyza.

Box for exhibiting Blooms. Dr.
Lindley says, that the best constructed
box for exhibiting twenty -four Hearts-
ease is made of deal, of the following
dimensions twenty inches long, one
wide, and five inches deep; the lid
made to unhinge ; a sheet of zinc fitted
inside, resting upon a rim ; four rows
of six holes each cut in the zinc at
three inches apart; under each hole a
zinc tube soldered to the plate, and in-
tended to contain the water. The aper-
tures to admit the flower made in the
form of a keyhole, as it will admit part
of the calyx, and keep the flower in a
flat position ; the outside may be painted
green, but the zinc plate should be
painted of a dead white.

PANSEY FLY. Agromy'za,

PANTILES. See Bricks.

PAPA'VER. Poppy. (From papa, pap,
or thick milk ; referring to the juice.
Nat. ord., Poppyworts [Papaveracese],
Linn., 13-Polyandria \-Monoyynia.)

Seeds in March and April, where the plants
are to remain ; division of the roots of the peren-
nial ones ; light, rich, sandy soil.

HARDY PERENNIALS.