roots ; cuttings of short stubby side-shoots, in
sand, under a bell-glass, in peat ; rich sandy
loam and fibry pieces of peat. Winter temp.,
55 to 60; summer, 60 to 85.
P. arbore'scens (tree-like). June. West Indies.
1759.
crossing rvium (thick-ribbed). 20. Green,
white. December. Brazil. 1835.
fragranti 1 ssimum (most-fragrant). 4. Red,
white. March. Demerara. 1834.
grandifo'lium (large-leaved). 6. White.
March. Caraccas. 1803.
tripa'rtitum (three-parted). White. Caraccas.
1816.
PHILOTHE'CA. (From philos, smooth,
and theke, a sheath; smooth tube of
stamens. Nat. ord., Rueworts [Kuta-
cese]. Linn., IQ-Monadelphia Q-Decan-
dria. Allied to Orowea.)
Greenhouse evergreen shrub. Cuttings of
short young shoots, a little firm at the base, in
sand, under a bell-glass, and placed in a cold
frame in May ; sandy loam and fibry peat.
Winter temp., 40 to 45.
P. austra'lis (southern). 2. Pale red. April.
New South Wales. 1822.
PHI'LYDEUM. (From phileo, to love,
and hydor, water. Nat. ord., Water-
worts [Philydracese]. Linn., l-Monan-
dria I-Monogynia.')
Greenhouse biennial. Seeds, in spring, in a
warm place, and moved to a colder when up 5
sandy loam and peat ; does best in the green-
house.
P. lanugino'sum (woolly). 3. Yellow. June.
China. 1801.
PHLEBO'DIUM. (From phhls, a vein.
Nat. ord., Ferns [Polypodiacere]. Linn.,
%-Cryptogamia l-Filices.}
Stove ferns. See Ferns.
P. areola'tum (areolate). 1. Yellow. May.
Brazil.
au'reum (golden). 3. Yellow. March. West
Indies. 1742.
decuma'num (tall). 5. Yellow. May.
Brazil. 1818.
elonga'tum (lengthened). Brown. May.
West Indies. 1843.
lycopodioi'des (Club-moss-like). $. Brown,
yellow. March. Jamaica. 1822.
ni'tidum (shining). Brown, yellow. May.
Honduras. 1844.
percu'ssum (struck). Brown, yellow. May.
Brazil. 1841.
pulvina'tum (cushioned). Brown, yellow.
May. Brazil. 1841.
sporodoca'rpum (spore- fruited) . 3. Brown,
yellow. May. Mexico. 1842.
squamulo'sum (scaly). Brown, yellow. May.
Brazil. 1842.
PHLOGACA'NTHUS. (From phlox, a
flame, and akanthus, the type of this
Nat. ord. of Acanthads [Acanthacese],
the flowers being flame-coloured. Linn.,
2-Diandria 1-Monogynia. Allied to
Justicia.)
Stove evergreen shrubs. For culture, see
Justicia.
P. curviflo'rus (curved -flowered). 6. Red,
yellow. June. Sylhet. 1839-
gutta'tus (spotted). l. Yellow spotted.
April. East Indies. 1828.
thyrsi flo'rus (thyrse- flowered). Orange.
May. East Indies. 1812.
PHLO'MIS. (From phlogmos, a flame ;
down used for wicks. Nat. ord., Lip-
worts [Lamiacese]. Linn., 1-L-Didyna-
mia \-Gymnospermia. Allied to Leo-
notis.)
Perennials, seeds, divisions, and slips planted
in spring and autumn ; shrubs, by cuttings and
slips, placed in the open air, in a shady place,
or under a hand-light ; shrubs requiring pro-
tection in winter, by cuttings, under hand-
lights, in summer; all good, mellow, well-
drained soil.
HALF-HARDY HERBACEOUS, &C.
P. angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). Cream. July.
Levant. 1596. Evergreen.
crini'ta (hair-6roe/<?rf). 2. Pale brown. June.
Spain. 1820.
flocco'sa (flocky). 2. Yellow. August.
Egypt. 1828. Evergreen.
Nisso'lii (Nissole's). 2. Yellow. June.
Levant. 1757-
orienta'lis (eastern). 3. Pale brown. July.
South Europe. 1820.
HARDY EVERGREEN SHRUBS.
P. bi 1 color (two -coloured). Yellow, purple.
June, Lybia. 1714.
PHL
C ror ]
PHCE
P.ferntgi'nea(r\isty), 2. Yellow, brown June.
Naples. 1823.
Cre'tica (Cretan). 3. Yellow.
June. Crete. J820.
frutico'sa (shrubby. Jerusalem Sage}. 3.
Yellow. June. Spain. 1596.
Ita'lica (Italian). 2. Purple. July. Italy.
1661.
lana'ta (woolly). 1A. Yellow. June. Candia.
1696. '
Lychni'tes (Lychnitis). 2. Yellow, brown.
July. South Europe. 1658.
purpu'rea (purple). 2. Purple. July. South
Europe. 1661.
visco'sa (clammy). Yellow. June. Levant.
HARDY HERBACEOUS.
P. agra'ria (field). Purplish. July. Siberia.
1830.
Alpi'na (Alpine). 1. Purple. July. Siberia.
1802.
Armeni'aca (Armenian). 1. Yellow. July.
Armenia. 1834.
Cushmeria'na (Cashmere). 2. Pale lilac.
July. Cashmere.
he'rba-ve'nti (wind-herb). 2. Red. August.
South Europe. 1596.
lacinia'ta (jagged-/eawerf). 3. Purple. July.
Levant. 1731.
lunarifo'lia (Honesty-leaved). 3. Yellow.
June. Levant. 1818.
pu'ngens (stinging). 3. Brown. July.
Armenia. 1820.
Russelli'ana (Russell's). 3. Brown. June.
Levant. 1821.
Sa'mia (Samian). 3. Purple. June. North
Africa. 1714.
si'mplex (simple). Purple. May. Himalayas.
1838.
tubero'sa (tuberous). 4. Purple. August.
Siberia. 1759.
PHLO'X. (From phlox, flame; bril-
liancy of the flowers. Nat. ord., Phlox-
ivorts [Polymoniacece]. Linn., 5-Penl-
andria 1-ltfonogynia.')
Herbaceous perennials, natives of North
America, except where otherwise mentioned.
Divisions ; and cuttings, under a hand-light,
in a shady place, in summer ; sandy loam and
leaf-mould ; the low trailing ones are beautiful
on knolls and rockworks. Drummondi by seed
sown the first week in April, in gentle heat.
HALF-HARDY.
P. arista' t a (awned). J. White. April. Ca-
rolina. 1828.
Florida'na (Florida). 1. Rose. April. 1834.
specio'sa (showy). 1. Flesh. Columbia,
1826.
HARDY.
P. acumina'ta (pointed-/eawed). 4. Pale pur-
ple. July. 1812.
acutifo'lia (acute-leaved). 4. Purple. Au-
gust. 1825.
Canade'nsis (Canadian). 1. Blue. April.
1825.
ca'rnea (fleshy). 1. Pink. August. 1816.
Caroli'na (Carolina). 1. Pale purple, Au-
gust. Carolina. 1728.
Pale purple. Caro-
April.
P. corda'ta (heart-leaped).
lina. 1827.
crassifo'lia (thick-leaved). 3. Rose.
1825.
di'stichu (two-rowed). 5. Red. August. 1826.
divarica'ta (spreading). 1. Light blue.
March. 1746.
Drummo'ndi (Drummond's). 1. Purple.
July. Texas. 1835. Annual.
ela'ta (tall). 6. Lilac. September. 1828.
exce'lsa (tall), 4. Purple. August. 1824.
glabe'rrima (smoothest). 3. Red. July. 1725.
interme'dia (intermediate). 2. Purple. July.
involucra'ta (involucred). 1. Lilac. June.
1830.
la'ta (charming). 3$, White. August.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 3. Purple. July.
Carolina. 1812.
macula'ta (spotted -stalked'). 4. Purple.
July. 1740.
ni'tida (shining). 2. Purple. July. 1800.
niva'lis (snowy). . White. April. 1820.
odora'ta (scented). Lilac. August.
ova'ta (egg-leaved). l. Purple. June. 1759-
- Listonia'na (Lady Listen's). 1.
Purple. July. 181 6.
panicula'ta (pauicled). 3. Pink. August.
1732.
- - a'lba (white). 3. White. August.
1813.
penduliflo'rn (drooping). 3. Rose, pur-
ple. October. 1823.
pilo'sa (hairy-feayerf). 1. Purple. May.
1759.
- amce'na (pleasing). . Pink. June.
1809.
procu'mbens (lying-down). Flesh. May. 1827.
pyramida'lis (pyramidal). 4. Flesh. July.
1800.
- - a'lba (white-flowered). 4. White.
June.
- - corymbo'sa (corymbed). 4. Pur-
ple. July.
- penduliflo'ra (drooping-flower-
ed). 4. Purple. July.
re'ptans (creeping). . Blue, purple. July.
1800.
- crassifo'lia (thick-leaved) . 3. Pur-
ple. July. 1825.
sca'bra (rough). Lilac. August.
seta'cea (bristly). . Flesh. April. 1786.
Sickma'nni (Sickman's). White. August.
1826.
suave'olens (sweet-scented). 2. White. July.
1766.
- - variega'ta (variegated). 1. White.
July. 1766.
subtila'ta (awl-leaved). . Dark purple.
May. 1786.
suffrutico'sa (shrubby). l. Dark purple.
August. 1790.
tardiflo'ra (late-flowered). 2. White. Sep-
tember. 1825.
triflo'ra (three-flowered). 1. Pale lilac.
August. Carolina. 181(5.
undula'ta (waved-leaved) . 3. Purple. July.
1759.
Virgi'nica (Virginian). 1. Purple. July.
Virginia. 1812.
PHCE'NIX. Date Palm. (The Greek
name of the tree. Nat. ord., Palms
PHCE
PHY
[Palmacete]. Linn., W-Ditvcia 8-7V-
andria.)
Dactylifera requires a greenhouse, but all
the others a stove. Seeds in a hotbed, in
spring, or when procurable ; rich, rather stiff
loam, or good fibry loam, with a fourth part of
old cow-dung.
P, aca'ulis (stemless). 6. White, green. E.
Indies. 1816.
daftyli'fera (Common. Date-bearing). 40.
White, green. Levant. 1597-
farini'fera (mealy). 28. White, green. E.
Indies. 1800.
Leone'nsis (Sierra Leone). 30. Sierra
Leone. 1823.
paludo'sa (marsh). 20. E.Indies. 1820. j
pygmce'a (pygmy). 6. Mauritius. 1823.
reclina'ta (leaning). 10. White, green, i
C. of G.Hope. 1792.
sylve'stris (wood). 14. Green. May. E.
Indies. 1763.
PHOLIDO'TA. Battle -snake Orchid, i
(From pf tolls, a scale, and otis (otis), an
ear; flowers arranged like an ear of
wheat, with scaly bracts, as the tail of
that snake. Nat. ord., Orchids [Orchi- I
rtacese]. Linn., 20-Cfynandria l-Monan-
dria. Allied to Coelogyne.)
Stove orchids. Division of the plant ; in a
pot. See Orchids.
P artifiula'ta (jointed). White, yellow. April.
Khoosea. 1837.
Chine'nsis (Chinese). . Whitish. May.
China. 1844.
conchoi'dea (shell-like). Yellow. February.
Manilla. 1840.
undnla'ta ( waved-teamed) Pale red. April.
E. Indies. 1828.
PHO'RMIUM. Flax Lily, or New Zea-
land Flax. (From phormos, a basket;
one of the uses made of the fibre. Nat.
ord., Lily worts [Liliacese] . Linn., 6-
Hexandria l-Monoqyma.)
Hardy herbaceous perennial. Divisions of
the root ; rich mellow loam.
P. te'nax (tough). 6. Green, white. August.
N. Zealand. 1798.
PHOTI'NIA. (From pholeinos, shining;
appearance of the leaves. Nat. ord.,
Appleworts [Pomacere]. Linn., 12-
Tcosandrin %-Di-pentn(/ynia. Allied to
Kriobotrya.)
Half-hardy white-flowered evergreens. Seeds
when procurable, treated as the haws of the
Hawthorn ; generally by budding on the Haw-
thorn, as a stock ; rather tender for the open
air north of London, but deserve a wall owing
to their beautiful foliage; and where, also,
when established, they would generally flower
freely.
P arbutifo'lia (Arbutus-leaved). 10. July.
'California. 1796.
du'bin (doubtful). 10. Nepaul. 1821.
P. integrifo'lia (entire-leaved \ 10. 'Nepaul.
1820.
serrula'ta (saw-edge-/erti'*d\ 10. May.
China. 1804.
PHRY'NIUM. (From phrynos, a frog ;
because inhabiting marshes. Nat. ord.,
Mar ants [Marantaceaa]. Linn., \-Mo~
nandria l-Monogynia. Allied to Canna.)
Stove herbaceous perennials ; yellow-flowered
where not otherwise specified. Seeds in a hot-
bed in spring, or division of the roots as fresh
growth commences ; rich loam and a little peat.
Winter temp., 50 to 55; summer, CO to 85.
P. capitatum (headed). 5. White, purple.
July. E. Indies. 1807.
colora'tum (coloured) . 2. Orange. May.
Brazil. 1828.
como'sum (tufted). 3. July. Surinam. 1828.
grandiflo'rum (large-flowered). 1. July.
Brazil. 1823.
Myro'sma (Myrrh- scented). 2. White. July.
S. America. 1820.
olU'quum (twisted). l. June. E. Indies.
1824.
Parke'ri (Parker's). 2. July. Grenada. 1823.
purvlflo'rum (small-flowered). 4. July.
E. Indies. 1820.
scto'sum (bristly). 2. Purple. June. Rio
Janeiro. 1824.
' spica'tum (spiked). 1. July. E.Indies. 1825.
, villo'sum (shaggy). March. Demerara. 1842.
PHYCE'LLA. (A diminutive of phycos,
Red Alkanet ; alluding to the colour of
the flowers. Nat. ord., AmaryUids
[Amaryllidacere]. Linn., Q-Hexandria
l-Monogynia. Allied to Habranthus.)
Half-hardy beautiful bulbs, whose old roots,
like those of the tulip and hyacinths, die yearly ;
and, therefore, may, like them, be taken up to
dry as soon as the leaves die. They flower in
summer after the leaves are fully grown ; die, or
should die, in August, and remain dormant
until February ; peat earth is poison to them,
strong loam suits them best, and a very dry
bottom. There is a magnificent Phycella in
Valparaiso not yet introduced ; red flowers, and
golden tubes or bottoms. Seeds, and offset
bulbs ; warm border, protected from wet and
cold during winter, or sheltered from frost in
cold pit or frame.
P. biflo'ra (two-flowered).
Chili.
brevitu'ba (short-tubed).
1836.
chlora'cra (yellow-green).
Mexico. 1844.
corii'sca, (glittering). 1.
tember. Coquimbo. 1825.
cyrtanthoi'des (Cyrtanthus-like). f. Crim-
son. June. Chili. 1824.
glau'ca (milky-green). 1. Red. June.
Valparaiso. 1824.
Herbertiu'na (Herbert's). 1. Red, yellow.
June. Andes. 1825.
i'gnea (fiery). 1. Scarlet. April. Chili. 1824.
pu'lchra (pretty). l. Red. October.
Valparaiso.
obtu'sn (blunt). Peru. 1844.
Scarlet. April.
1. Scarlet. July.
Green, crimson.
Sep-
Scarlet.
PHY
C "509 ]
PHY
PHY 'LIC A. (From phyUikos, leafy;
abundance of evergreen leaves. Nat.
ord., Rhamnads [Rhamnaceoe]. Linn.,
b-Pcntandria \-Monoyynia..')
Greenhouse evergreens from the Cape of
Good Hope, and all white-flowered, unless
otherwise mentioned. Cuttings of young shoots,
in sand, under a glass, in spring, and kept cool
and shaded from sunshine, until they have
struck ; sandy fibry peat, with nodules of free-
stone and charcoal. Winter temp., 40 to 45.
P. bi'color (two-colored). 2. June. 1817-
capita' ta (headed). 1. June. 1800.
cyli'ndrica (cylindrical). 2. Yellow, green.
June,
ericoi'des (Heath-like). 3. June. 1731.
globo'sa (globose). 3. June. 1800.
'imbrica'ta (imbricated). 1. October. 1801.
ni'tida (shining). November. 1/74.
eriopho'ra (woolly). 3. November.
1/74.
papillo'sa (nippled) . 3. Pale yellow. June.
1820.
jufnea (Pine-like). November. 1//4.
pinifo'lia (Pine-leaved). 2. July. 1789.
plumo'sa (feathered). 2. April. 1/59.
rosmarinifo'lia (Rosemary-leaved). 3. 1815.
squarro'sa (spreading). 2. September. 1800.
PHYLLA'NTHUS. (From phyllon, a
leaf, and anthos, a flower; flowers pro-
duced on the edges of the leaves. Nat.
ord., Spurgcworts [Euphorbiacece].
Linn., 21-Moncccia \Q-Monadclphia.}
Annuals and biennials by seed, in a hotbed,
in spring, and then flowered in stove and green-
house during the summer. Shrubby species,
by cuttings of the hard shoots, in sandy soil, in
heat ; sandy loam and fibry peat, with a little
broken bricks, charcoal, and dried cow-dung.
Winter temp., 50 to 55 ; summer, 60 to 85.
ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS.
P. gra'cilis (slender). 1. Green, yellow. Au-
gust. E. Indies. 1818. Biennial.
Niru'ri (Niruri). . Green. July. E.
Indies. 1692.
obova'tus (reversed-egg-eyeZ). 3- July.
N. America. 1803. Hardy.
urina'ria (urinary). . Green, yellow. Au-
gust. E.Indies. 1819.
STOVE EVERGREEN SHRUBS.
P.fruxinifo'Hus (Ash-leaved). 4. Green. Au-
gust. E. Indies. 1819-
gi-andifo'lius (large-leaved). 5. America.
1771-
juglandifo' liits (Wdbtxat-leanedf, 2. Green,
yellow. August. 1818.
lanceola'ttis (spear-head-fcaued). 3. Green,
yellow. Isle of Bourbon. 1822.
lu'cens (shining). 2. Green, yellow. Au-
gust. China. 1820. Greenhouse.
mimosoi'dcs (Mimosa - like). 10. Green.
August. Caribbees. 1817-
tin' tans (nodding). 1$. Green, yellow.
August. Jamaica. 1820.
polyptiy'ltus (many - leaved). 3. Green.
August. E. Indies. 1805.
P. reticula'tus (netted). 3. Red. August.
E. Indies.
sca'ndens (climbing). 10. Green, yellow.
August. E. Indies. 1822. Climber.
turbina'tus (top-shaped). 2. Green. July.
China.
PHYLLA'RTHRON. (From phyllon, a
! leaf, and arthros, a joint; leaflets as if
j jointed to the footstalks. Nat. ord.,
' Crcscentiads [Crescentiaceas]. Linn.,
i 1-1-Didynamia 1-Gymnospe-rmia. Alli-
ance, a small ordermext to Bignoniads.)
Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings of stubby
side-shoots, or pieces of the ripe young wood,
in sand, under a bell-glass, in bottom-heat ;
sandy loam and fibry peat, and a little leaf-
mould and charcoal. Winter temp., 50 to 55 ;
summer, 60 to 90.
P. Bojeria'na (Bojer's). 3. Rose. July. Mauri-
tius. 1844.
PHYLLO'CLADUS. (From phyllon, a
leaf, and klados, a branch ; branch-like
leafleted leaves. Nat. ord., Taxads
[Taxacece]. Linn., 21-Moncccia 10-
Monadelphia. Allied to Podocarpus.)
Greenhouse, cone-bearing trees, from Van
Diemen's Land. Cuttings of the ripe shoots,
in sand, under a glass, in spring, and no arti-
ficial bottom-heat until the cuttings swell at
their base; strong loam. At Belfast, Rhom-
boidalis (Celery-topped, or Adventure Bay Pine)
bears the winter without protection ; Tricho-
munoides would be equally hardy in the south
of Ireland and south-west of England. Winter
temp., 40 to 48 ; summer, 60 to 7o
P. rhomboida'lis (diamond-teamed). 40. 1825.
trichomanoi'dus (Maiden - hair - like). 60.
Yellow. July. 1840.
PHYLLO'TA. (From phyllon, a leaf,
and ous (otis), an ear; shape of leaves.
I Nat. ord., Leguminous Plants [Fabaceae] .
! Linn., IQ-Decandria \-Monoyynia. Al-
| lied to Aotus.)
Greenhouse evergreen, yellow-flowered shrubs,
; introduced from New South Wales in 1824.
Cuttings of young shoots getting firm, the little
stubby side-shoots are best, in spring and sum-
! mer, in sand, under a bell-glass ; fibry sandy
peat, and a few nodules of fibry loam, to keep
j the plants stubby. Winter temp., 40 to 48.
P. a'spera (rough) ; como'sa (tufted) ; phyli-
\ coi'dcs (Phylica-like) ; suuarro'sa (spreading).
PHYSIC NUT. Jy'tropha.
PHYSIA'NTHUS. (From physos, a
bladder, and anthos, a flower ; alluding
to its shape. Nat. ord., Asdepiads
[Asclepiadacese]. Linn., 5 Pentandria
2-Diyynia.}
Stove evergreen climber. Seed, sown in a
hotbed, in spring; cuttings of firm, stubby,
side-shoots in summer, in sandy soil, under a
glass, in heat ; sandy loam and fibry peat, with
PHY
[ 710 ]
PIC
plenty of drainage. Winter temp., 48 to 60;
summer, 60 to 85. Does well in a stove, but
we have had it flowering beautifully, and pro-
ducing its singular fruit in a conservatory of
medium temperature. A variety named albicans
undulatus, from South America, lived for several
years against a wall in the Fulham nursery.
P. a'lbens (\\hitish-leaved). 20. White. August.
Buenos Ayres. 1830.
PHYSOSTE'GIA. (From phy set, a blad-
der, and steye, a covering; formation
of the calyx. Nat. ord., Lipworts [La-
miacens. Linn., 1-i-Didynamia l-Gym-
nospermia. Allied to Melittis.)
Hardy herbaceous perennials. Seeds in a
little heat, early, and then most of the plants
when turned out in May will bloom the same
season ; divisions of the plants in spring ; and
cuttings, or young shoots, under a hand-light,
in sandy soil, in summer ; sandy loam and a
little leaf-mould.
P. corda'ta (heart- leaved) , Purple. July. N.
America. 1824.
denticula'ta (toothed-leaved). Striped.
August. Carolina. 1787.
imbricu'ta (imbricated-^owered). 3. Pale
purple. September. Texas. 1833.
speciu'sa (shewy). Pink. July. Siberia. 1822.
trunca'ta (blunt- ealyxed). l. Pale pink.
St. Felipe. 1834.
variega'ta (variegated). Purple, August,
Carolina. 1812.
Virginia'na (Virginian). l. Red. August.
N. America. 1683.
u'lba (white). 3. White. August.
PHYSU'RUS. (From physa, a bladder,
and our a, a tail. Nat. ord., Orchids
[Orchidacese]. Linn., 20-Gynandna
1-Monandria. Allied to Ansectochilus.)
P. pict-us rivals the far-famed Aneetochilus in
the richness of its foliage. Stove orchids ; in
pots. Division in spring. See Orchids.
P. arge'ntens (silvery-leaved). $. White. June.
Ceylon.
Lobbia'nus (Lobb's). . Java. 1847.
pi'ctus (painted). . White. June. Brazil.
1844.
Pre'slei (Presley's). Yellow. February.
Maraquita.
rariflo'rus (few-flowered). Yellow. March.
Caraccas.
PHTTEU'MA. Rampion. (An ancient
name of a plant. Nat. ord., Bellworts
[Campanulaceae.J Linn., 5-Pentandria
l-Monogynia. Allied to Campanula.)
Hardy herbaceous perennials, with two ex-
ceptions. Seeds and divisions in spring ; com-
mon light garden soil. Pretty little things for
rockworks and the front of borders.
P. betonicifo'lium (Betony-leaved). 2. Pale
blue. June. South Europe. 1818.
campanuloi'des (Campanula-like). 1. Blue.
July. Caucasus. 1804.
Sibthorpia'num(Sil>tliorp's).
July. Mount Olympus, 1804.
P. cane'scens (hoary). 2. Lilac. July. Hun-
gary. 1804.
Charme'lii (Charmeli's). 1. Blue. June.
Pyrenees. 1823.
como'sum (tufted). $. Blue. June. Aus-
tria. 1/52. Biennial.
globular if o' Hum (Globularia- leaved). |.
Blue. June. South of France. 1820.
Halle'n (Haller's). . Violet. May. South
of France. 1822.
hemisphcE'ricum (half-globed). 1. Blue.
July. Switzerland. 1752.
hi'spidum (bristly). 1. Blue, June. Switzer-
land. 1825.
hu' milis (humble). 5. Blue. June. Switzer-
land. 1825.
incequa'tum (levelled). 1. Blue. June.
Austria. 1820.
lanceola'tum (spear - head - leaved], $,
White. June. Armenia. 1826.
limoniifo'lium (Limonium-leaved). Switzer-
land. 1832. Evergreen.
Miche'lii (Michelli's). . Red. June.
Switzerland. 1822.
ni'grum (black). . Red. July. Bohemia.
1820.
orbicula're (round-headed). 1. Violet. July.
England.
deci'piens (deceiving). Blue.
July. Switzerland. 181Q.
giga'nteum (gigantic). Blue.
July. France. 1817.
pauciflo'rum (few-flowered). . Blue. May.
Switzerland. 1823.
pulche'llum (pretty). 1836.
Schenchze'ri (Schenchzer's). . Blue. May.
Switzerland. 1813.
scorzonerifo'lium (Scorzonera-leaved). 1.
Blue. July. Alps. 181Q.
Sibi'ricum (Siberian). 1. Blue. July. Si-
beria. 1817.
Siebe'ri (Sieber's). 1. Blue. June. Py-
renees. 1826.
spica'tum (spiked). 2. Blue. May. Europe.
1597-
PHYTOLA'CCA. (From phyton, a plant,
and lacca, lac ; the crimson colour of
the fruit. Nat. ord., Phytolaccads [Phy-
tolacaceee]. Linn., 10-Dccandria 5-
Decagynia.}
There are many tender species, but the fol-
lowing hardy herbaceous ones are all that are
deserving notice. Seeds and divisions, in
spring; light sandy soil, and leaf- mould.
P. acino'sa (kernel-like). North India. 1844.
deca'ndra (ten-stamened. Virginian Poke}.
5. White, green. August. S. America.
PICK-AXE, should have a handle three
feet-and-a-half long, made of ash ; and
the points or edges of the head should
PIC
C
be of well-steeled iron. There are three
varieties : 1. The pick with two points,
for loosening hard surfaces. 2. The
pick- axe, for cutting through roots of
trees when felling. 3. The mattock,
with one pointed and one flat edge, for
loosening surfaces, and grubbing up
roots.
PICOTEE. See Carnation and Pink.
PIAEA'NTHUS. (From piar, fatness,
and anlhos, a flower ; the flowers being
succulent, as in Stapelia. Nat. ord.,
Asclepiads [Asclepiadacete]. Linn., 5-
Pentandria 2-Digynia.}
A true genus, but for practical gardening may
be considered as a Stapelia. Greenhouse
evergreens from the Cape of Good Hope. Cut-
tings, dried some days at their base before
inserting them in sandy loam ; sandy loam,
lime rubbish, leaf-mould, and a little dried cow-
dung. Winter temp., 48 to 55 ; summer, 60
to 90; dry in winter.
P. a'ridus (dry). . Pale yellow, August. 1795.
Gussonea'nus (Gussone's). . Yellow,
brown. June. 1832.
incarna'tus (flesh-coloured). 1. Flesh. June.
1793.
mammilla'ris(nipp\e&). Brown. June. 1774.
parviflo'rus (small-flowered). . Yellow.
August. 1795.
pu'llus (dark), k- Dark purple. August.
1774.
puncta'tus (dotted). . Dark purple. Au-
gust. 1795.
PI'CEA. The Silver Fir, a true genus,
but by recent authors considered only
as a section of the Spruce tribe. See
Pinus.
PICTE'TIA. (Named after A. Pictet,
a physician. Nat. ord., Leguminous
Plants [Fabacese]. Linn., Yl-Diadel-
phia ^-Decandria. Allied to Hedy-
sarum.)
Stove evergreen, yellow-flowered shrubs from
the West Indies. Cuttings of half-ripened
shoots, in sand, under a glass, in bottom heat ;
peat and loam. Winter temp., 50 to 55;
summer, 60 to 90.
P. arista'ta (awned). 4. June. 1816.
squama'ta (scaled). 4. 1824.
PIERA'KDIA. (Named after Mr.
Pierard, of Kew. Nat. ord., Soapworts
[Sapindaceee]. Linn., 8-Octandria 1-
Monogynia. Allied to Melicocca.)
Stove evergreen tree. Cuttings of half-ripe
shoots, in sandy soil, in heat, in spring ; loam
and peat. Winter temp., 50 to 55 j summer,
60 to 80.
P. dulcis (sweet). 20. Yellow. Sumatra. 1820.
PIE'RIS Crat-cefyi. Hawthorn, or
Black-veined Butterfly. Is white, with
1 ] PIM
black ribs or veins on the wings. It
is very much like Po'nlia Bra'ssicce.
The caterpillar is dirty yellow, hairy,
black-headed, and a brown stripe down
its sides. The caterpillars moult several
times, and they are usually found on
the apple-tree, where both the yellow
eggs and caterpillars may be found
in June. The caterpillars draw two or
three leaves together with a web.
These should be sedulously sought for
and destroyed.
PIGEON PEA. Caja'nus.
PILEA'NTHUS. (From pilos, a cap,
and anthos, a flower. Nat. ord., Fringe
Myrtles [Chamselasiceacese]. Linn.,
12-Icosandria \-Monogynia. Allied to
Calytrix.)
Greenhouse evergreen shrub. Cuttings of
short young shoots, in sand, under a glass, in
May, and placed in a shady place in a cold pit ;