July. Jamaica. 1737.
ornithoce'phala (bird's head). 20. Purple
brown. October. Brazil. 1838.
pandurifo'rmis (fiddle-shaped). 10. Caraccas.
1823.
ri'ngens (gaping). 20. Purple-green yellow.
July. Brazil. 1820.
sacca'ta (pouch-Jloicercd) . 20. Purplish red.
September. Silhet. 1829. Deciduous
climber.
suriname" nsis (Surinam). 20. Yellow.
Surinam. 1823.
tri'fida (three-cleft-leaved). 15. Green.
Caraccas. Deciduous climber.
triloba'ta (three-lobed) . 6. Purple. June.
South America. 1775.
ARISTOTE'LIA. (In memory of the
great Aristotle. Nat. ord., Linden-blooms
[Tiliacesel Linn., \\-Dodecandria 1-
monogynia}. This genus has been placed
among Homaliads or Philadelphiads, by
some botanists, but Dr. Lindley says ( Veg.
King. 371) it has most affinity to this
order. A. Macqwi produces edible berries
of a dark purple colour, and wine is made
from them in Chili. It is a hardy ever-
green shrub. Layers in autumn, and
cuttings in April, in sand under a hand-
light. Common sandy soil.
A. Ma'cqui (Macqui). 4. Whitish green. May.
Chili. 1735.
variega'ta (variegated-kflred). 4.
Whitish green. May. Gardens.
ARMENI'ACA. (From Armenia, the
native country of the apricot. Nat. ord.,
Almond-worts [Drupacese]. Linn., 12-
Icosandria l-monogynia}. Hardy deci-
duous trees ; generally budded in sum-
ARM
[76]
ARE
mer on plum stocks, but some use apricot
seedlings for budding peaches ; rather
heavy loamy soil. See APRICOT.
A. briganti'aca (Brigancon). 6. Pink. March.
South of Europe. 1819.
dasyca'rpa (thick-rooted). 15. White.
April. 1800.
persicifo'Ua (peach-leaved). 15.
Pink. April. 1800.
sibe'rica (Siberian). 6. Pink. April. Sibe-
ria. 1788.
vulga'ris (common apricot). 15. White.
April. Levant. 1548.
cordifo'lia (heart-leaved). 15.
White. March. Levant. 1548.
fltfrepldno (double-flowered). 15.
White. April.
foliis variega'tis (variegated-leav-
ed). 15. White. April.
ovalifo'lia (oval-leaved). 15. White.
March. Levant. 1548.
ARME'RIA. Thrift. (The Latin name
for the Sweet William. Nat. ord., Lead-
worts [Plumbaginaceoe]. Linn., 5-Pen-
tandria 5-pentagynia). All hardy herba-
ceous perennials, except when otherwise
specified. Division of the plant ; seeds
in spring; sandy loamy soil. The tender
kinds will require to be well drained,
and receive the protection of a frame or
pit during winter.
A. allia'cea (garlic-leaved). 1. White. June.
Spain. 1798.
alpZna (Alpine). 1. Purple. July. Carin-
arena'ria (sand). 1. Pink. June. France.
cephalo'tcs (round-headed). 1. Pink. June.
Algarbia. 1800.
denticula'ta (toothed). 2. Flesh. June.
Naples. 1816.
dianthofdes (pink-like). 1. Pink. June.
Europe. 1810.
fascicula'ta (bundled). 2. Purple. July.
Portugal. Greenhouse evergreen shrub.
hfrta (hairy). 1. Pink. July. North of
Africa. 1820.
hu'milis (dwarf). 1. Pink. June. South
of Europe. 1817.
juniperifo'Ua (juniper-leaved). 1. Pink.
June. Spain. 1818.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 2. Light red.
July. Algarbia. 1740.
littora'lis (sea-shore). 1. Pink. July. South
of Europe.
mari'tima (sea-side). 1. Red. July. Britain.
monta'na (mountain). 1. Pink. June.
Scotland.
pinifc/lia (pine-leaved). 1. Pink. June.
Portugal.
plantagi'nea (plantain-like). 1. Red. June.
South or Europe. 1 8 1 S.
pifngens (pungent). 1. Pink. June. Spain.
1818.
scorzonercefo' lia (scorzonera-leaved). 1.
Scarlet. June. South of Europe. 1816.
vulga'ris (common). 1. Red. July. Europe.
A. vulga'ris a'lba (white-flowered). \. White.
September. Gardens.
cocci' nea (scarlet-jtfowererf) . . Red.
September. Gardens.
A'RNICA. (From arnaJcis, lambskin,
in reference to the texture of the leaves.
Nat. ord., Composites [Asteracese]. Linn.,
\-Syngenesia, 1-superflua; allied to
Groundsel). Hardy dwarf herbaceous
plants ; division of the plants in spring
or autumn. They like a little peat in-
corporated with the soil. A. Corsica pre-
fers bog earth.
A. Clu'sii (Clusius's). 1. Yellow. July.
Switzerland. 1819.
corda' ta (heart-shaped). 1. Yellow- July.
Switzerland. 1819.
ctfrsica (Corsican). 1. Yellow. July.
Corsica. 1824.
doro'nicum (leopard's bane). 2. Yellow.
July. Austria. 1816.
glacia'lis (icy). 1. Yellow. July. Switzer-
land. 1823.
helvdtica (Swiss). 1. Yellow. July. Switzer-
land. 1819.
lani'gera (wool-bearing). 1. Yellow. July.
Italy. 1827.
monta'na (mountain). 1. Yellow. July.
Europe. 1731.
scorpioi'des (scorpion -like). 1. Yellow.
July. Austria, 1710.
ARNOPO'GON. Sheep' s-beard. (From
arnos, a lamb, and pogon, a beard, in re-
ference to the bearded seeds. Nat. ord.,
Composites [Asteraceae]. Linn., \-Syn-
genesia, \-o3qualis; allied to Scorzonera).
Hardy plants ; seed in March or April.
Common garden soil.
A. a'sper (rough). 2. Yellow. July. Mont-
pelier. 1774. Annual.
cape'nsis (Cape). 1. Yellow. July. Cape
of Good Hope. 1818. Biennial.
Dalecha'mpii (Dalechamp's). 2. Light yel-
low. July. South of Europe. 1739.
Perennial
.pimn'des (picris-like). 1. Yellow. July.
South of Europe. 1683. Annual.
ARO'NICUM. (From arnica, lamb skin,
in reference to the softness of the flower
heads. Nat. ord., Composites [Asteraceae].
Linn,, \$-Syngenesia, '2-superftua ; allied
to DORONICUM). A hardy herbaceous
perennial, Groundsel-like plant. Di-
visions ; common soil.
A. alta'icum (altaic). Yellow. July. Siberia.
1783.
ARRACA'CHA. (Its Spanish name in
South America. Nat. ord., Umbellifcrs
[Apiaccse]. Linn., 5-Pentandria, 1-digy-
nia; allied to Conium). A. esculenta, a
ARR
[77]
ART
native of the table land of Grenada pro-
duces large esculent roots not unlike
parsnips, but of a better quality. Stove
tuberous perennial. Division of the
roots ; rich loam. Summer temp., 65 to
85 ; winter, 55 tp 60.
A. esculefnta (eatable). 3. Brownish. July.
Santa Fe. 1823.
ARRHENATHE'RUM. (From arrhen, a
male, and ather, a point, on account of
the awns on the male spikes. Nat. ord.,
Grasses [GramineBe]. Linn., 13-Polyga-
mia, \-monceria). This genus really
should be reunited to HOLCUS). Peren-
nial grasses ; seeds ; division. Common
soil as for any other grass.
A. avena'ceum (oat-like). 5. Apetal. June.
Britain.
mu'ticum (awnless). 4. Apetal.
July. Scotland.
bulbo'sum (bulbous). 3. Apetal. July.
Germany.
ARROW-HEAD. See SAGITTARIA.
ARROW-ROOT. See MARANTA.
ARTA'BOTRYS. (From aratao, to sus-
pend or support, and botrys, grapes, in
reference to the way the fruit is supported
by the curious tendril. Nat. ord., Anon-
ads [Anonace]. Linn., \3-Polyandria,
Q-poiygynia). The leaves of this plant
are held in Java to be invaluable against
cholera. Stove evergreen shrub. Cut-
tings of ripened wood, in sand, under a
bell-glass, and in bottom heat, in March
or April. Sandy loam and peat with a
little rotten dung. Summer temp., 65
to 75 ; winter, 50 to 55.
A. odwati'ssima (sweetest scented) . 6. Brown.
July. China. 1758.
ARTANE'MA. (From aratao, to sup-
port, and nemo,, a filament, in reference
to a tooth-like process growing on the
longer filaments. Nat. ord., Figworts
[Scrophulariaceae]. Linn., \-I)idyna>mia,
\-gymnospermia; allied to Torenia).
A greenhouse evergreen shrub. Seeds ;
cuttings of the half-ripened shoots in
autumn or spring. Will keep over the
winter in the greenhouse, but seeds may
be sown in the open border in the begin-
ning of May as an annual. Sandy loam
and a little peat.
A. fimbria'tum (fringed corollaed). 3. Pale
blue. August. MoretonBay. 1830.
ARTEMI'SIA. "Wormwood. (From Ar-
temis, one of the names of Diana. Nat.
ord., Composites [Asteraceae]. Linn., 19-
Syngenesia, \-cequalis). Various species
of Artemisias or Wormwoods have been
used as tonic, bitter, and aromatic, medi-
cines from remote ages. All hardy
herbaceous perennials except where
otherwise specified. Annuals by seed ;
those with branching shrubby stems and
the whole of the greenhouse varieties,
which are mostly shrubby, by cuttings ;
the hardy species, by dividing the roots.
For greenhouse kinds, sandy loam, well
drained; for the others, common soil.
Greenhouse summer temp., 50 to 65 ;
winter, 40 to 45.
A, abroftanum (Southern wood). 4. Yellow
green. August. Europe. 1548. Hardy
deciduous shrub.
hu'mile (low). 1|. Yellow
green. September. South of Europe.
tobolskia'num (Tobolskian). 5
Yellow green. September.
a'fra (African). 3. White. August. Green-
house evergreen shrub.
alpi'na (Alpine). 1. Yellow green. July.
Caucasus. 1804.
apri' ca (sunny). 2. 1834. Evergreen trailer.
arbor&scens (arborescent). 10. July. Le-
vant. 1640. Hardy evergreen shrub.
argefntea (silvery). 4. Yellow green.
June. Madeira. 1777. Greenhouse
evergreen shrub.
ccerule 1 scens (bluish) . 2. Yellow. Sep-
tember. England. Hardy evergreen
shrub.
chine' nsis (chinese Moxa). 4. Yellow. July.
China. 1818. Greenhouse herbaceous.
dracu'nculus (tarragon). 2. White green.
July. South of Europe. 1548.
fri'ffida (frigid). 1. Yellow green. August.
Siberia. 1826.
furca'ta (forked). 1. Yellow green. July.
Siberia. 1820.
ga'llica (French). 2. Brown. August.
Britain.
glacia'lis (icy). 1. Yellow green. July.
Switzerland. 1739.
Judai'ca (Judean). 2. Yellow. August.
1774. Half-hardy evergreen.
lactifto'ra (pale-flowered). 2. Pale white.
November. Nepaul. 1828. Green-
house evergreen.
lednicc'nsis (Lednise). 2. Yellow. July.
Carpathia. 1826. Hardy deciduous
shrub.
mari'tinia (sea). 1. Brown. July. Bri-
tain.
MarschalUa'na (Marschall's). 1. Yellow.
July. Caucasus. 1816.
mutettifna (mutellina). 1. Yellow. July.
Alps, Europe. 1815.
norvefgica (Norwegian). 1. Yellow. July.
Norway. 1818.
orienta'lis (Oriental). 2. Yellow green.
July. Armenia. 1810.
Palla'sii (Pallas's). 1. Yellow green. July.
Siberia. 1820.
ART
[78]
ART
A.pectincfta (comb-leaved). 1. Brown. June.
Dauria. 1806. Hardy annual.
peduncula'ris (flower-stalked). 1. Yellow.
July. Caucasus. 1818.
po'ntica (Pontine). 3. Yellow. September.
Austria. 1570.
potentillccfo'lia (potentilla-leaved) . 1. July.
Siberia. 1818.
rmno'sa (branchy). 2. Canaries. 1816.
Greenhouse evergreen.
rep^ns (creeping). 1. Brown. June. Tar-
tary. 1805. Hardy trailer.
rupe'stris (hill). 2. Brown. August. Si-
beria. 1748.
saxa' tills (rock). 3. Brown. July. Hun-
gary.
seri'cea (silky-feared). 2. White. June.
Siberia. 1796.
spica'ta (spiked). 1. Brown. June. Switzer-
land. 1790.
taitrica (Taurian). 1. White green. Julv.
Tauria. 1818.
tenuifo'lia (slender-leaved). 10. Yellow
green. October. China. 1732. Green-
house evergreen.
valcnti'na (Valentian). 1. Yellow green.
July. Spain. 1739. Half-hardy ever-
green.
vulga'ris (common wormwood).
varicga' ta ( variegated-leaved) . 2 .
Purple. August. Gardens.
Wulfe'nii (Wulfen's), 1. Yellow green.
July. Switzerland. 1819.
ARTHROPO'DIUM. (From, arthron, a
joint, and pom, a foot, in reference to
the flower- stalks being jointed. Nat.
ord., Lily worts [Liliacese]. Linn., 6-
Hexandria, \-monogynia; allied to An-
thericum). Greenhouse herbaceous peren-
nials, except where otherwise specified.
Seeds, offsets, and suckers. Sandy loam
and a little peat. Summer temp., 55
to 65 ; winter, 40 to 45.
A. cirra'tum (curled). 3. White. June. New
Zealand. 1821.
fimbria'tum (fringed). 2. White. July.
New Holland. 1822.
mi'nus (smaller). 2. White. July. New
Holland. 1823.
panicula'tum (panicled). 3. White. Au-
gust. New SouthjWales. 1800. Green-
house bulb.
pendulum (pendulous). 2. White. July.
Teneriffe. 1816. Half-hardy.
ABTHROSTE'MMA. (From arthron, a
joint, and stemma, a crown, the flower-
stalks being jointed. Nat. ord., Melasto-
mads [Melastomacese]. Linn., S-Octan-
dria, \-monogynia; allied to Osbeckia).
Cuttings of small firm side shoots in
August or April ; under a glass in sandy
soil. The stove species with heat ; sandy
loam and a little peat.
A.frcfgile (brittle). 3. Rosy. June. Mexico.
1846. Stove evergreen.
A. ni'tidum (glossy-leaved). 2. Pale lilac.
June. Buenos Ayres. 1830. Green-
house evergreen.
versi'c olo r (changeable-flowered), f. Pink.
September. Brazil. 1825. Stove
evergreen.
ARTICHOKE. (Cy'narascolymus). Many
persons have thought that the name of
this vegetable refers to the almost un-
swallowable part of it known by the name
of "the choke"; but this is quite a
mistake. The word artichoke is merely
the English mode of spelling its French
name, artichaut; and this is said by old
writers to be a corruption of the Arabic
name for it, alcocalos, which has reference
to the shape of its heads being like that
of the pine-apple. The Arabs prize it
highly, not only for its edible heads, but
its roots as a purgative, and its gummy
exudations as an emetic.
Varieties. There are two varieties in
cultivation, the conical or French, of which
the heads are green and the scales of
their calyx spreading ; and the globe,
tinged with purple, with the scales curved
inwards and compactly. The artichoke
is sometimes called the globe artichoke on
account of the round outline of its heads.
These heads are boiled, and the bottom
of each scale, or calyx, eaten with butter
and salt. The bottom of these heads,
which is the part named the receptacle
by botanists, because it is the receptacle
or part containing all the members of
the flower, is very fleshy, and is cooked
in various ways ; being, also, sometimes
dried and used in winter.
Propagation. It may be raised from
seed, but the most expeditious and usual
way is to plant suckers from the old roots
in the spring. "When the suckers are
eight or ten inches high, in open weather,
about the end of March or early in April,
select such as have much of their fibrous
roots, and are sound and not woody.
The brown hard part by which they are
attached to the parent stem must be re-
moved, and if that cuts crisp and tender
the suckers are good, but if tough and
stringy they are worthless. Further, to
prepare them for planting, the large out-
side leaves are taken off so low as that
the heart appears above them. If they
have been some time separated from the
stock, or if the weather is dry, they are
ART
[79]
ART
greatly invigorated by being put into
water for three or four hours before they
are planted. They should be set in rows
four feet and a half by three feet apart,
and about half their length beneath the
surface. Turn a large flower pot, or a
sea-kale pot, over each, and water them
abundantly every evening until they are
established, as well as during the droughts
of summer. The only other attention
they require during the summer, is the
frequent use of the hoe, and an occasional
supply of liquid manure. It is also an
excellent plan to have some mulch kept
about their roots during dry weather im-
mediately after planting, and during the
whole summer; and to remove all small
weak suckers about June. The plants
will produce a succession of heads from
July to October of the year they are
planted. For about five years they
will continue similarly productive during
May, June, and July. At the end of five
years a fresh bed should be made.
The artichoke's heads attain a much
larger size than they would otherwise by
twisting a piece of wire very tightly round
the stem, about three inches below each,
and thus preventing the reflux of the sap.
No vegetable is more benefitted than the
artichoke by the application of sea- weed
or any other manure containing common
salt. "
To obtain Chards. Those who require
chards must make a plantation an-
nually, for making the chards destroys
the plants. After the best heads have
been cut, early in July the leaves are to
be cut over within half a foot of the
ground; and the stems as low as pos-
sible. In September or October, when
the new shoots or leaves are about two
feet high, they are bound close with a
wreath of hay or straw, and earth or
litter is drawn round the stems of the
plants. The blanching is perfected in a
month or six weeks. If the chards are
wished late in the winter, the whole
plants may be dug up before frost sets
in, and laid in sand in their blanched
state. In this way they may be kept
for several weeks.
Gobbo. The Italians, to make this,
bend the stem of an artichoke down to a
right angle, and the stalks of the leaves
are bound together, and covered over so
as to blanch. The result is a lump,
which is eaten raw with salt, and is
tolerably good. In Italy it is used in
the autumn and winter, and replaces
radishes.
Winter Dressing. As soon as a stem
is cleared of all its heads in the summer,
it should be broken down close to the
root ; and early in November the beds
should be dressed for the winter. Cut
away the old leaves close to the ground,
but without injuring the centre or side
shoots. Fork over the bed, throwing the
earth in a ridge about eight inches high,
over each row ; putting it close round
each plant, but being careful to keep the
heart free from the crumbs of soil. After
this has been done, pile round every plant
some long litter or pea-haulm, three or
four inches thick ; and to keep this from
blowing away, as well as to help in pre-
serving the roots from severe frosts, cover
over the litter, or haulm, two inches
deep with coal-ashes. The ashes may be
turned into the soil in the spring, being
a manure much liked by the artichoke.
Soil and Situation. The finest heads
are produced in a soil abounding in
moisture, but in such they will not sur-
vive the winter. They should have a
rich deep loam allotted to them. Manure
must be applied every spring; and the
best compost for them is a mixture of
three parts well putrefied dung, and one
part of fine coal-ashes. They should
always have an open exposure, and, above
all, be free from the influence of trees ;
for, if beneath their shade or drip, the
plants spindle, and produce worthless
heads.
INSECT. The leaves of the artichoke
are liable to injury by a beetle. See
CASSIDA VIRIDIS.
Saving Seed. Select any number of
the earliest and finest heads, and as soon
as the flowers begin to decay the heads
should be turned and tied downwards,
so as to prevent the wet lodging in them,
which would rot the seeds.
ARTOCA'RPUS. Bread-fruit. (From
artos, bread, and carpos, fruit. The
fruit, baked, resembles bread. Nat. ord.,
Artocarpads [Artocarpaceae]. Linn., 21-
Moncecia, \-Monandria}. In this order we
meet with such anomalies as the in-
valuable breadfruit-tree of the tropics,
ARU
[80]
ASA
the useful cow-tree of Caraccas, and
the virulent poison of the upas-tree oi
Java, side by side. Stove evergreen trees.
Cuttings of ripened wood in sand, under
a hand light, and in a brisk sweet bottom
heat. Loamy soil. Summer temp., 60 to
70; winter, 60 to 65. The flowers of
all the species are whitish green.
A. inci'sa (cut-leaved). 50. South Sea Islands.
1793.
nuci'fera (nut-bearing). 50. East
Indies. 1793.
integrifo'lia (entire-leaved Jack tree}. 60.
June. East Indies. 1778.
heterophy 1 lla (variable-leaved).
60. East Indies. 1778.
A'EUM. (From aron, supposed to be
an ancient Egyptian word. Nat. ord.,
Arads [Araceaej. Linn., 2l-Moncecia 9-
Polyandria). All are propagated by di-
vision of the roots ; best done when the
plants cease growing in autumn, or
when they commence growing in spring.
Sandy loam will suit the most of them ;
the stove species should have a portion
of peat. Winter temp, for them from
50 to 60. All are herbaceous perennials,
except where otherwise particularized.
HARDY.
A. atro-ru'bens (dark - purple streaked). 1.
Brown. July. North America. 1758.
bulbi'fcrum (bulb -bearing). 3. Purple.
April. Bengal. 1813.
draco' ntium (green dragon). 1. Green.
June. North America. 1759.
dracu'nculus (common dragon). 3. Brown-
ish purple. July. South Europe. 1548.
Ita'licum (Italian). 2. Light yellow. June.
Italy. 1683.
orienta'le (Oriental). 1. June. Tauria.
1820.
palma'tum (hand-shaped). 2. 1825.
pi'ctum (painted). 2. Corsica. 1800.
probosci'deum (proboscis -like). 1. July.
Apenn. 1818.
tenuifo'lium (fine-leaved). 1. White., June.
South Europe. 1570.
triphy'llum (three - leaved). 1. Brown.
June. North America. 1664.
zebri'num (zebra). 1. Brown. June.
North America. 1664.
GREENHOUSE.
A. crini'tum (hairy - sheathed). 1. Brown.
April. Minorca. 1777.
ri'ngens (gaping). 1. June. Japan. 1800.
terna'tum (ternate - leaved). 1. Purple.
July. Japan. 1774.
STOVE.
A. campanula' turn (bell-shaped). 2. Purple.
May. East Indies. 1817.
Coloca'sia (Colocasia). 2. Green. Levant.
1551. Tuberous-rooted. This is now
a genus by itself.
A. divarica'tum
ica'tum (straggling). 2. Green. July.
East Indies. 1759. Tuberous-rooted.
hedera'ceum (ivy-leaved). 1. Purple. June.
West Indies. 1793. Epiphyte.
I'ndicum (Indian). ,5. Brown. China
1824. Evergreen.
integrifo' Hum (entire-leaved). 3. Green.
June. 1825. Evergreen.
lingula'tum (tongue-leaved). 6. West In-
dies. 1793. Epiphyte.
maraina' turn (margined). 2. East Indies.
obtusi'lobum (blunt-lobed) . 2. 1824.
orixe'nse (Orissan). 1. Purple. June.
South America. 1820. Tuberous-
rooted.
peda'tum (pedate). 1. South America. 1820.
pentaphy 1 llum (live-leaved). 1. East In-
dies. ' 1818.
ramo'sum (branch}'). 3. June. 1810.
Evergreen.
sagittifo' Hum (arrow-leaved). 2. 1824.
sarmento 1 sum (runner-bearing). Brazil.
1835.
spira'le (spiral). 1. Brown. May. China.
1816.
triloba'tum (three-lobed) . 1. Purple. June.
Ceylon. 1714. Tuberous-rooted.
auricula' turn (eared). 1. Purple. June.
Ceylon. 1714. Tuberous-rooted.
veno'sum (veiny purple-flowered) . 2. Purple.
June. 1794.
ABU'NDO, Reed. (A word of doubt-
ful derivation ; perhaps from the Latin
word arundo, a reed. Nat. ord., Grasses,
[Graminacece]. Linn., 3-Tricmdria, 2-
Digynia}. The "gardener's garter"
of the Scotch gardens is the A. Do-
nax versicolor. In England it is called
ribbon grass, painted grass, Indian grass,
and ladies' laces. Seeds and divisions ;
common soil.
Apetal. July. South
A. Do'nax (Donax). 10.
Europe. 1648.
versi 1 'color (striped). 3. Apetal.
South Europe. 1648.
July.
A'SAKUM, Asarabacca. (From a, not,
and saron, feminine : the application not
obvious, but perhaps because too violent
a medicine for women. Nat. ord., Birth-
worts [Aristolochiacese]. Linn., \\-Dode-
candria, \-monogynia.) A. Europceum is
called cabaret in France, and is said there
to be used by frequenters of pothouses to
produce vomiting. Hardy herbaceous
plants, more curious than pretty. Divi-
sions of the plant ; common border ; if
with a little peat all the better.
A. arifo'lium (arum-leaved). 1. Brown. June.
North America. 1823.
Canade'nse (Canadian). 1. Brown. June.
Canada. 1713.
Suropeefttm (European). 1. Purple. May.
England.
ASC
[81 ]
ASH
A. grand; f ' Hum (large-leaved). 1. Brown.
May. North America. 1820.
Tirol' nicum (Virginian). 1. Brown. May.
Virginia. 1759.
ASCARICI'DA. (From ascaris, an in-
testine worm, and ctedo, to kill,; referring
to its virtue in medicine. Nat. ord.,
Composites [Asteraceae]. Linn., 19-Syn-
genesia, \-JEqualis). Allied to HETERO-
COMA. Stove annuals ; seeds in March ;
in heat; common soil. Temp., 60 to
75.
A. anthelmi' ntica (worm-killing). 1. Purple.
August. East Indies. 1770.
tripling rvia (triple -nerved). 1. Purple.
November. Brazil. 1825.
ASCLE'PIAS, Swallow- wort. (The Greek
name of JEsculapius of the Latins. Nat.
ord., Asclepiads [Asclepidaceae]. Linn.,
5-Pentandria,, \-monogynia). All hardy
herbaceous and sub-shrubby perennials,
except when otherwise specified. The
hardy species, chiefly by division of the
root in April ; the stoves and greenhouse
kinds, by the same process ; and cuttings
of the young shoots, when they begin to
grow, in heat; and also seeds, kept over,
and sown in heat in February. Peat and
loam, but most of the latter. The stove
species will stand the winter if the tem-
perature is not below 48.
A. acumina'ta (long-pointed). 2. Red. July.
North America. 1826.
amotfna (pleasing). 3. Purple. August.
North America. 1732.
amplezicau'lis (stem-clasping). 2. Red.
July. North America. 1816.
angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 3. White.
July. Mexico. 1817.
cinefrea (grey). 2. Brown. July. North
America. 1825.
citrifo'lia (citron-leaved). 1. White. July.
South America. 1818. Stove herba-
ceous.
curassa'vlca (Curassoa). 3. Scarlet. July.
South America. 1692. Stove herba-
ceous.
a'lba (white). 1. White. July.
South America. Stove herbaceous.
decu'mbens (decumbent). 2. Orange. July.