: T. bi'color (two-coloured). 16. Brown. New

Grenada. 1820.

i caca'o (common Cacao). 16. Brown. South
America. 1739.

Caribai'a (Caribean). Yellow. West Indies.

1821.

Guiane'nsis (Guiana). 16. Yellow. Guiana.

1803.

THEOPHRA'STA. (Named after T/ieo-
i phrastus, the father of natural history.
i Nat. ord., Andisiads [Myrsinacetc].
Linn., 5-Pentandria l-Monoyynia.}

Stove, white-flowered evergreens. Cuttings
of ripe young shoots, in sand, under a bell-
glass, in heat; sandy loam and fibry peat.
Winter temp., 50 to 68; summer, 60 to 85.
T. Jussieu'i(Jussieu'&}. 3. St. Domingo. 1818.

longifo'lia (long-leaved). 20. Caraccas. 1828.

THEpaioMETEE. This instrument is
the only unfailing guide for the gar-
dener in regulating the heat to which
he allows the roots and foliage of his
plants to he subjected.

Fahrenheit's is used chiefly in Britain,
Holland, and North America, the
freezing point of water on which is at
'W ; and its boiling point, 212.
i Reaumur's thermometer was that chiefly
used in France before the Revolution,
and is that now generally used in
Spain, and in some other Continental



THE



[ 871 ]



THI



States. lu its scale, the freezing point
is ; and the boiling point, 80. On
Celsius or the Centigrade thermometer,
now used throughout France, and in
the northern kingdoms of Europe, the
freezing point is 0- ; and the boiling
point, 100. Hence, to reduce degrees
of temperature of the Centigrade ther-
mometer and of that of Reaumur to
degrees of Fahrenheit's scale, and con-
versely :

Rule 1. Multiply the Centigrade de-
grees by 9, and divide the product by
; or multiply the degrees of Eeaumur
by y, and divide by 4 ; then add 82 to
the quotient in either case, and the sum
is the degrees of temperature of Fahren-
heit's scale.

Rule ^J. From the number of degrees
on Fahrenheit's scale, subtract -32;
multiply the remainder by o, for Cen-
tigrade degrees, or by 4 for those of
Reaumur's scale, and the product, in
either case, being divided by 9, will
give the temperature required, accord-
ing to Fahrenheit's.

To ascertain the internal temperature
of a hothouse, the thermometer should
be fixed near its centre, against a
pillar, and under a cupola, or little roof,
shading it from the sun.

A self-registering thermometer should
be in every house, for it shows the
highest and lowest degrees of heat
which have occurred in the twenty-four
hours ; and, therefore, serves
as a check upon those to whose 5\^
care they are entrusted.

Brega/zi's bark-bed ther-
mometer is an excellent in-
strument for ascertaining the
bottom-heat of hotbeds, bark-
pits, &c. It is a thermometer
inclosed in a metal tube, per-
forated to admit the heat,
pointed so as to be easily
thrust down, and with a small
door in the side, for observing
the degree of temperature \y
shown by the scale.

THEKMO'PSIS. (From thermos, a Lu-
pine, and opsis, like; Lupine-like shrub.
Nat. ord., Leguminous Plants [Faba-
cea. 1 ]. Linn., 10 - Decaudria 1-JWewo-
yynia. Allied to Piptanthus.)

Hardy, herbaceous, yellow-flowered peren-



nials. Chiefly by seeds, sown in April ; light,
sandy loam.

T. corgone'nsis (.Corgon). J. July. Altaia. 1820.
faba'cea (Bean -like). 2. June. North
America. 1811.

lanceola'ta (spear- head-/eae0. 1. June.

Siberia. 1779-

THESPE 'SIA. (From thespesios, divine ;

one of the trees often planted round

i places of worship in India. Nat. ord.,

Mallow-worts [Malvaceae]. Linn., 10-

Monadelphia $-PoIyandria.}

Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of stubby
side-shoots, in sand, in May, under a bell-glass,
in bottom-heat ; nbry, sandy loam, and a little
leaf mould. Winter temp., ,46 to 55; sum-
mer, 65 to 85,

T. grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). 30. Scarlet.
Point Rico. 1837-

popu'lnea (Poplar- leaved], 30. White.

East Indies. 1/70.
Guadalupe'nsis (Guadaloupe). 30.

Guadaloupe.

THIBATJ'DIA. (Named after Thicbant.
de Uerneaud, a French botanist. Nat.
ord., Whortleberries [Vacciniacece ] .
Linn., S-Octandria l-Monoyynia.')

Stove evergreens. Cuttings of half -ripe
shoots, in sand, under a bell-glass, and in
moist heat; sandy loam and fibry peat. Winter
temp., 50 to 60 ; summer, 60 to 85.
T. mucra'ntha (large-flowered). White, yellow,

red. December. Moulmein. 1849-

macropfty'lla (large-leaved). White. East

Indies.
I microphy'lla (small-leaved). 2. September.

Peru. 1847.
! pulche'rrima (beautiful). 10. Red, green.

May. India. 1845.
j __ _j gla'bra (smooth). C. Deep

rose. September. Columbia.
i seti'geru (bristly). Scarlet. Khoosea. 1337.
i - vttccina'cea (Cranberry -like). Khoosea. 1837.
' variega'ta (variegated). Scarlet. Khoosea.

1837.

THINNING. The exhaustion conse
i quent upon the production of seed is
I a chief cause of the decay of plants.
: This explains why fruit trees are weak-
' ened or rendered temporarily unpro-
ductive, and even killed, by being al-
lowed to ripen too large a crop of fruit,
or to " overbear themselves."

The thinning of fruit is consequently
one of the most important operations of
the garden, though one of the least
generally practised. It is equally im-
portant to be attended to in all fruit-
! bearers, but especially the vine, uecta-
| rine, peach, apricot, apple, and pear.
It should be done with a bold, fearless
i hand ; and the perfection of that \vhHi



THI



[ 872 ]



THR



is allowed to remain will amply reward
the grower, in harvest time, for the
apparent sacrifice made. But he will
not reap his reward only in this year,
for the trees, thus kept unweakened by
over-production, will be able to ripen
their wood, and deposit their store of
sap in their vessels, so absolutely
necessary for their fruitfulness next
season.

Thinning is a most necesssary opera-
tion with plants as well as with the
fruit they bear. The roots of a plant
extend in a circle round it, of which
the stem is the centre. If the roots of
adjoining plants extend within each
other's circle, they mutually rob of
nutriment, and check each other's
growth. Thinning in the seed-bed is
generally applied with too timid a hand.

THISTLE. Ca'rduus.

THOMA'SIA. (Named after Messrs.
Thomas, two brothers, collectors of
Swiss plants. Nat. ord., Byttneriads
[ByttneriaceseJ. Linn., 5-Pentandria
1-Monogynia. Allied to Lasiopetalum.)

Greenhouse, New Holland, evergreen shrubs.
Cuttings of firm, stubby, young side-shoots, in
sand, under a bell-glass, in April ; sandy fibry
loam and peat, with a little charcoal and broken
pots, and pots extra-well drained. Winter
temp., 40 to 48 j a sheltered airy place in
summer.
T. cane'scens (hoary). Purple. June. 1835.

diffu'sa (straggling). White. April. 1822.

dumo'sa (bushy). 2. White. May. 1826,
folio'sa (leafy). 3. June. 1823.

glutino'sa (clammy). Red. May. 1842.

grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). Red. 1840.

panicula'ta (pamcled). Red. June. 1842.

pauciflo'ra (few-flowered). Red. June. 1848.

purpu'rea (purple). 3. Purple. June. 1803.

quercifo'lia (Oak-leaved). 3. Purple. May.

1803.

solana'cea (Potato-like). 3. White. June.

1803.

stipula'cea (/or^e-stipuled). 3. Red. 1842.

triphy'lla (three-leaved). 3. June. 1824.

THORN-APPLE. Datu'ra.

THOROUGH-WAX. JBupleu'rum rotun-
difo'lium.

THOUI'NIA. (Named after A. TJwuin,
professor of agriculture, <&c., in Paris.
Nat. ord., Soapworts [Sapindacese].
Linn., 8-Octandria I-Monoffynia. Allied
to Nephelium.)

Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings of firm
side-shoots, in sand, under a bell-glass, in heat ;
sandy fibry loam, and a little peat or leaf-
mould. Winter temp.. 50 to 58: summer,
fiO to 85.



T. pinna'ta (Icafleted). 8. White. New Spain.
1823.

THRIFT. Sta'tice. See Edging.

THRI'NAX. (From thrinax, a fan ;
shape of the leaves. Nat. ord., Palms
[Palmacese]. Linn., 6-Hexandria 1-
Monogynia.}

Stove Palm. Seeds, in a moist sweet hotbed,
in spring ; rich loamy soil. Winter temp., 55
to 60 ; summer, 60 to 90.

T. parviflo'ra (small-flowered). 16. White,
green. Jamaica. 1778.

THRIPS. Thrips Adonidum is one of
the worst pests that can gain a footing
in our stoves and greenhouses. The
larvee and pupes are yellowish-white,
and the perfect insect is of a dull deep
black, with the point, and sometimes
the whole of the abdomen, of a rust
colour ; the wings are dirty white ; the
horns and legs yellowish, the extremity
of the former black. It attacks plants
by piercing the under side of the leaves ;
and one often sees, at the tip of the
tail, a globule of blackish fluid, which
it soon deposits, and by innumerable
spots of this glutinous matter the pores
of the leaves are stopped up, and large
portions of the surface become blotched.
During March the full-grown larvee and
pupee, which are as large as the perfect
insect, are found in groups, feeding on
the under side of the leaves ; and at
this time the recently-hatched but per-
fect insect either lies close under the
ribs, or roves about in search of a mate
(Curtis). Flowers of sulphur have
been recommended as destructive of
this plague, but we believe that Scotch
snuff, applied by means of a dredging
box (perhaps Brown's Fumigator would
answer), is as effectual an application
as any. Prevention, however, is better
than cure ; and if the plants are kept
healthy by due ventilation, and by
moisture both in the air and soil, this
insect may be usually banished.

T. ochraceus infests the ripe fruit of
plums, peaches, and nectarines, piercing
the stalks and causing their fall, and
rendering the fruit disgusting. It was
first noticed, and described by Mr.
Curtis. It is narrow and linear, of a
bright and deep ochreous colour, the
eyes are black, the horns appear to be
only six -jointed and brownish at the



THE



[ 873 ]



THY



tips, it has three ocelli in the crown,
the body is hairy, the tip pointed and
bristly, the wings are shorter than the
body in the male, lying parallel on the
back when at rest, narrow, especially
the under ones, and fringed, the hairs
longest beneath and at the point, tips
of feet dusky. It is destroyed by the
same means as T. adonidum.

THEOATWOET. Campa'nula cervica'ria,
Campa'nulatr ache' Hum, and Trache'lium.

THEYA'LLIS. A synonyme of Gal-
phimia. The following should be added
to that genus

G. brachysta'chys (short- spiked). 4. August.
Rio Janeiro. 1823.

THU'JA. Arbor Vitse. (From thyon,
a sacrifice ; the resin used as incense
in eastern sacrifices. Nat. ord., Conifers
[Pinacese]. Linn., 21-Moncecia 10-Ztec-
andria.)

Hardy evergreen trees. Seeds, which ripen
freely, or by cuttings ; the seeds are best sown
in April, slightly covered, and if a frame or
hand-light can be set over them, all the better ;
moist soil suits the most of them, a few of the
tenderest will require protection until they
become some size.

T. articula'ta (jointed). 15. March. Barbary.
1815.

austra'lis (southern). 20. May. South

Europe. 1820.

Chile'nse (Chilian). 30. Chili.

~ cupressoi'des (Cypress-like). 10. Cape of
Good Hope. 1799.

Donnia'na (Donn's). 60. New Zealand. 1847.
filifa'rmis (thread-leaved). May. 1838.

Nepale'nsis (Nepaul). 20. May. Nepaul.

1824.

occidenta'lis (western. American). 25. May.

North America. 1596.

variega'ta (variegated-teaued),



Chinese), 25.
May.
12.



20.



May.
Italy.
May.
May.



25. May

orienta'lis (eastern.

China. 1752.
- stri'cta (erect).

1824.
- Tatd'rica (Tartarian).

Tartary. 1820.

pe'ndtila (drooping - ftraiiched). 20.

Tartary. 1828.

plica'ta (plaited). 20. May. Nootka Sound.

1796.

tetrago'na (four-sided). 80. Patagonia.

THUNBE'EGIA. (Named after C. P.
Thunberg, the celebrated botanist. Nat.
ord., Acanthads [ Acanthacese] . Linn.,
l-I)idynamia 2-Angiospermia.)

Stove evergreen climbers. Seeds, in early
spring, in a strong, moist, sweet hotbed ; cut-
tings, any time before the end of August, in
sandy soil, under a bell-glass ; fibry loam and

Eeat, with a little rotten dung and lime rub-
ish. Winter temp., 48to6o; summer, 60



to 80. As they are very subject to red spider,
perhaps the best mode of treating these fine
plants, is to grow them as annuals, throwing
the plants away in the end of autumn. If pre-
served, the flowers of sulphur and the syringe
must hardly ever have a holiday. Indeed, the
syringe and a little shade are necessary to their
health in summer.
T. ala'ta (winged). 4. Yellow. June. East

Indies. 1823.
a'lba (white-lowered). 4. White.

May. Madagascar.
auranti'aca (orange -powered). 4.

Orange. May.

angula'ta (angular). 4. June. Madagascar.

1823.

Cape'nsis (Cape). 3. Yellow. June. Nepaul.

1824.

chry'sops (golden-eyed). 3. Blue. Violet.

June. Sierra Leone.

cocci 'nea (scarlet). 4. Scarlet. June.

Trinidad. 1823.

corda'ta (heart-leaved). 3. White. June.

East Indies. 1820.

fra'grans (fragrant). 4. White. June.
East Indies. 1796.

grandiflo'ra (large -flowered). 6. Blue,

June. East Indies. 1820.

Hawtaynea'na (Hawtayne's). 10. Scarlet.

June. Nepaul. 1826.

THY'MBEA. (An ancient name applied
to a Thyme-like plant. Nat. ord., Lip-
worts [Lamiacese]. Linn., l^-Didy-
namia I-Gymnospermia. Allied to Me-
lissa.)

Half-hardy evergreens. Seeds, in April; or
cuttings under a hand-light, in June; sandy
gravelly loam. Nice rockwork plants. Ciliata
is the prettiest ; require a cold pit in winter.
2*. cilia'ta (hair-fringed). 1. Vermilion. July.
South Europe. 1824.

sjricafta (spike-flowered). l. Pale purple.

June. Levant. 1699-

THY'MUS. Thyme. (From thuo, to
perfume. Nat. ord., Lipworts [Lamia-
cese]. Linn., l-Didynamia I-Gymno-
spermia.)

Hardy evergreen trailers, and purple-flowered,
except where otherwise mentioned. Seeds, cut-
tings, or divisions, in March or April; sandy
loam suits them all best. 7*. vulgaris is our
common pot-herb thyme. For culture see Sage.
T. angttstifo'litis (narrow-leaved). . June.
S. Europe. 1771.

Azo'ricus (Azorian). July. Azores. 1820.

i azu'reus (azure). $. June. S. Europe. 1830.
I capita'tus (headed). June. S. Europe. 1596.
| cephalo'tes (greyheaded). |. July. Por^
tugal. 1759.

cilia' tus (hair-fringed). Violet. July. North

Africa. 1824.

Co'rsicus (Corsican). Lilac. Corsica. 1831.

Croa'ticus (Croatian). 1. July. Hungary.

1802.

elonga'tus (lengthened). 1. August. 1816.
i ericafo'lius (Heath-leaved), . July. Spain.

1806.



THY



L



TIL



T.fruticulo'sus (shrubby). 1. July, Sicily. 1822.

glabra'tus (smooth). . Julv. S. Europe.

1823.

hirsu'tu-s (hairy), $. July. Spain. 1821.

lanceola'tus (spear-head-teat'ed). . July,

North Africa. 1823.

Panno'nicus (Pannonian). i. July. Crimea.

1317.

pipere'lla (Small Peppermint). . July.

Spain. 1810.

strpy'llum (Wild Thyme). $. July. Britain.
a'lbus (white-./ftweraJ). 3. July.

Britain.

citra'tus (citron-scented) . July,

lanugino'sus (woolly). $. July.

Britain.
monla'nus (mountain). $. Striped.

June. Hungary. 1806.
variegu'tus (variegated - leaved}.

$. July. Britain.
vulga'ris (common). July. Tau-

ria. 1820.

spica'tus (spiked). 1. June. Pyrenian. 1832.

vulga'ris (common -garden}. 1. June. South

Europe. 1548.

latifo'lius (broad-leaved). 1. Juno.

variega'tus (variegated-Jeoi'erf) . 1 .

July. Britain.

THYSANO'TUS. (From thysanotos,
fringed ; the flower much fringed. Nat.
ord., Lilyworts [Liliaceai]. Linn., (J-
Hexandria I-Monogynia.)

Greenhouse, purple - flowered, from New
Holland. By division of the plant in the her-
baceous, and dividing the tuberous - rooted ;
sandy loam and leaf-mould. Winter temp.,
38 to 45, and very little water.

GREENHOUSE HERBACEOUS.

T. intrica'tus (intricate-stemmed*. }. July,
1838.

ju'nceus (/ZMsA-like). 4. 1804.

-^~ proli'ferus (proliferous). 1. August.

te'nuis (slender). Lilac. May. 1830.

GREENHOUSE TUBERS.

T. ela'tior (taller). 1. August. 1823.

isanthe'rus (even-anthered). . August. 1822.

tubero'sus (tuberous). 1. June. 1825.

TIAKE'LLA. (From tiara,, a little
diadem ; form of seed-pod. Nat. ord.,
Saxifrages [Saxifragacese]. Linn., 10-
Dccandria 2-Digynia.)

Hardy, white-flowered herbaceous. Divisions
of the root; common soil; dry borders, and
the front of them, or elevated places in rock-
works.

T. cordifn'lia (heart-leaved). . April. North
America. 1731.

Menzie'sii (Menzies's). 1. April. North

America. 1812.

polypfty'lla (many -leaved). 1. April.

Nepaul. 1820.

TiARi'DitM. (From tiara, a diadem,
and eidos, like; form of seed-pod. Nat.
ord., Ehretiads [Ehretiacese], Linn.,



5-Pentandria l-3Ionogynia. Allied 10
the Heliotrope.)

Annuals. Seeds, in a slight hotbed, at the
end of March; pricked off, and planted out
towards the end of May. Perhaps anisophyllum
will require a warm corner, or to be bloomed in
a pot, in the greenhouse.

T. anisopfiy'llum (Anise-leaved). White. June.
Africa. 1822.

I'ndicum (Indian). 1. Blue. June. West

Indies. 1820.

reluti'num (velvet). 1. Blue. June. West

Indies. 1820.

TIBOUCHI'NA. (The native name in
Guiana. Nat. ord., Mdastomads [Me>
lastomacea?]. Linn., 8-Octandria 1-
Monoyynia. Allied to Osbeckia.)

Stove evergreen. Cuttings of firmish side-
shoots, in sand, under a bell-glass, and in a
mild bottom-heat, any time between April and
August ; fibry peat, and sandy loam, with a
little charcoal and broken pots, and extra care
in draining. Winter temp., 55 to 60 ; sum-
mer, 65 to 83.
T. a'spera (rough). Purple. April. Guiana. 1820.

TICO'REA. (The native name of
T.fict'ula. Nat. ord., Hue-worts [Kuta-
cea>]. Linn., 5-Penlandria \-Monoy ynia>
Allied to Gallipea.)

Stove, white-flowered, evergreen trees. Cut-
tings of ripe young shoots, in sand, under a
bell-glass, in heat, in March ; fibry loam and
sandy peat. Winter temp., 50 to 55; sum-
mer, 60 to 80.

T.foR'tida (stinking). 10. Guiana. 1825.
jasminijio'ra ( Jasmine-flowered) . 20. Brazil.
1827.

TIGRI'DIA. Tiger Flower. (From
tigris, a tiger, and cidos, like ; resem-
blance of the spotted flowers. Nat.
ord., Irids [Iridacese]. Linn., 3-Trian-
drla \-Monoyynia.}

Having yielded to cross-breeding, this genus
may be expected to run into varieties of very
gay colours. Hardy bulbs, from Mexico. Seeds
in a slight hotbed, in spring, also by offsets ;
sandy loam and leaf-mould ; protected in the
ground from frost and wet, or taken up at the
end of autumn, and kept in a dry, cool place,
the roots being covered with earth until plant-
ing-out time in the middle of April.
T. conchiflo'ra (shell-flowered). 1. Dark yellow.
June. 1823.

lu'tea (yellow). Yellow. June.

pavo'nia (peacock). 1. Orange, red. June.

1796.

-* leo'na (lion). 1. Orange, red. June.

1823.

viola' cea (violet-coloured-y?owcred). 1. Pur-

ple. May. 1838.

TtLE-RooT. Gcissorhi'za.
TI'LIA. Lime or Linden-Tree. (Deri-
vation unknown. Nat ord., Linden-



TIL



[ 87c> ]



TIN



blooms [Tiliaeese]. Litin., i3-Polijandria
l-Monoyynia.)

Hardy, deciduous, yellowish- green-flowered
trees. Seeds gathered" and preserved in moist ;
sand, until March or April, and then some
will generally vegetate that and the following
season ; principally, however, by layers, in '
autumn, which may be removed in a twelve-
month. To save layering, old trees are some-
times cut down, shoots spring up in abundance,
among these six inches or a toot of fine soil '
are thrown, and in two or three years nice-
rooted plants are obtained. Deep loamy soil >
suits all the varieties, as well as the species,
best. The white lime is propagated chiefly by
layers and grafting. The Americana, and its
many varieties, are very ornamental, but not ;
so hardy as the European, in our moist climate, j
T. a'lba (white- wooded}. 30. July. Hungary.

1767.
America'na (American". 30. June. North i

America. 1/52.
heterophy' lla (various - leaved} .

30. July. North America. 1811.

laxiflo'ra (loose - flowered). SO.



1'. ungustifo'lia (narrow -leaved). 4
August. West Indies. 1822.



Blue.



Blue, April.



1. August. West
Blue. November.



West



White. June. North America. 1820.
pube'scens (downy). 20. July, j

North America. 1726.
pube'scens - leptophy'lla (thin- ;

leaved - downy). 20. Yellow. July. >

North America.

Europa'a (European, or common). 50. July. I

Britain.
au'rea (golden-twigged}. 50. Au- '

gust. Britain.
dasy'styla (hairy-styled). 50. July, i

Tauria.
lucinia'ta (cut-leaved}. 50. Au- '

gust. Britain.
microphy'lla. (small -leaved). 50. ;

August. Britain.

pe'ndula (drooping). June. 1845.
platyphy'lla (broad - leaved;. 50. ,

August. Britain.

platyphy'lla-au'rea (golden-broad-
leaved). 20. Britain.

ru'bra (red-twigged}. 50. August.

Britain.
variega'ta (variegated - leaved}.

June. 1847.
vitifo'lia (vine-leaved). June. 1846.

TILLA'NDSIA. (Named after E. Til-
lands, physician at Abo. Nat. ord.,
Bromelworts [Bromeliacese] . Linn.,
(\-Hexandria \-Monogynia. )

Stove epiphytes. Divisions and suckers. The
weaker kinds do best in baskets very shallow,
in sphagnum, turfy peat, broken pots, and char-
coal ; the stronger-growing ones may be potted
high, in turfy peat, a little turfy loam, and
charcoal. Winter temp., 55 to 60 ; summer,
60 to 80.
T. acau'lis (stemless). $. White. August.

Rio Janeiro. 1826.
zebri'na (zebra). $. White. August.

aloifo'lia (Aloe-leaved). I. Pink. Novem-

ber. Trinidad. 1824.

u'nceps (two-edged). 3- Blue. April, West

Indies. 1820.



Scarlet. July,
October. Tri-



Bartra'mi (Bartram's).

Carolina. 1825.

bractea'ta (bracted).

Indies. 1824.

bulbo'sa (bulbous). A.

Trinidad. 1823.

pi'cta (painted). 2. Pink. Decem-
ber. Jamaica. 1845.

cane'scens (hoary). . Blue. June.

Indies. 1824.

coarcta'ta (straitened). 1. June. Chili. 1823.

compre'ssa (flattened). 1. June. Chili. 1823.

fuscieula'ta (fascicled). 1. Blue. June.

West Indies. 1820.

Jiexuo'sa (zig-zag). 1. Blue. W. Indies. 179.
pa'llida (pale). 1. Yellow. June.

West Indies. 1815.

Gardne'ri (Gardner's). Rose. February.

Brazil. 1842.
~ gra'cilis (slender). 1. June. Chili. 1823.

ni'tida (shining). 2. Blue. October. Ja-

maica. 1823.

nu'tans (nodding). 2. Blue. August.

Jamaica. 1793.

obscu'ra (obscure). 2. July. South America.

1820.

panicula'ta (panicled). 1. Blue. June.

West Indies. 1820.

polysta'chya (many-spiked). 2. June. South

America. 1825,

psittaci'na ( Parrot-like ) .

Rio Janeiro. 1826.

pti'lchra (fair). . Pink.

nidad. 1823.

ramo'sa (branchy). 1. June. Chili. 1823.

recurva'ta (curled-back-teaued). . Purple.

July. Jamaica. 1793.

ri'gida (stiff). 1. June. Chili. 1823.

ro'sea (rosy). 1. Pink. Brazil.

ru'bida (Madder-coloured). . Red, yellow.

February. Brazil. 1840.

serra'ta (saw -leaved}. 2. Yellow. June,

Jamaica. 1/93.

seta'cea (bristly). $. Blue. June. West

Indies. 1S24.

stri'cta (erect), ij. Blue. September. Brazil.

1810.

tenuifo'lia (slender-leaved). $. Blue. June.

West Indies. 1825.

usneoi'des (Usnea-like). 6. Purple. July.

West Indies. 1823.

utricula'ta (bladdered). 2. Purple, yellow*

South America. 1793.

vite'llina (yolk-of-egg-coloured). Yellow.

February. Venezuela.

Xtphioi'des (Xiphium-like). $. White. July.

Buenos Ayres. 1810.

TI'NEA, a genus of moths, the larva?
I of which are very destructive.

T. dauce'lla. Carrot Moth. Head
and back and upper wings reddish
! brown ; abdomen grey and white. Its
caterpillar is greenish grey with black
i tubercles, and lives on the flowers and
j seeds of the carrot, but prefers the
! parsnip.

T. pade'lla. Small Ermine Moth, is



TIN



TOB



white with black dots on the upper
wings. Eggs deposited in June and
July near the blossom buds of the
hawthorn, euonymus, apple and pear
tree; caterpillars appear in autumn,
and inclose the twigs with a web. In
the following spring they attack the
petals and calyx. Colour, dull lead
with a black head.

T. derckc'lla. Pear Tree Blister
Moth. The caterpillars of this raise
dark brown blisters on the leaves of
the pear tree, and less often on those
of the apple. The rnoth is active and
minute, shining like pearly satin, the
wings having an orange ground spotted
with black and other colours. It
appears in May. Mr. Curtis says,
"To check this disease, it will be ad-
visable to wash the tree with soapsuds
the end of May or beginning of June,
when the moths are pairing and laying
eggs for a future progeny ; and if a
very valuable tree be only partially
attacked, the blistered leaves might be
gathered and burnt as soon as any
spots began to appear in August."

T. capite'lla. Triple-spotted Currant
Tinea. The larvee of this- feed upon
the pith of the young shoots of the
currant, which they attack in the spring.
The moth itself is fuscous ; the head