1H18.

gra'cilis (slender). April. N.S.Wales.

1/94. Biennial.

littora'lin (sea-shore). April. VanDiemen's

Land. 1820. Biennial.

HARDY PERENNIALS.
W. arva'tica (Arvatian). May. Spain. 1825.

cupilla'cea (hair-like-feued). White. May.

C. of G.Hope. 1822.

grand iflo'ra (large - flowered).- 1. July.

Siberia. 1782.



W. Kitaibe'lii (Kitaibel's). Violet. June.
Hungary. 1823.

re'pens (creeping). $. White. July. 1830.

HARDY ANNUALS.

W. Cape'nsis (Cape). July. 1819-

diffu'sa (spreading). June. C. of G. Hope.

1787-

diversifo'lia (various-leaved). July. C. of

G. Hope. 1822.

fle'xiUs( bending). May. C. of G. Hope.

1836.

hispi'dula (bristly). Blue, white. June.

C. of G.Hope. 1816.

linea'ris (narrow -leaved). White. July.

C. of G. Hope. 1822.

lobelioi'des (Lobelia-like). Pale red. July.

Madeira. 1777-

nutabu'nda (much-drooping). White. July.

Calabria. 1830.

procu'mbens (lying-down). July. C. of G.

Hope. 1824.

WALDSTE'INIA. (Named after F. von
Waldstein, a German botanist. Nat,
ord., Eoseworts [Eosaceee]. Linn., 12-
Icosandria \-Monogynla. Allied to
Geum.)

Hardy herbaceous perennial. For culture see
Geum.

W, geoi'des (Avens-like). f. Yellow. June.
Hungary. 1804.

WALKE'RA. (Named after Dr. B.
Walker, founder of the Cambridge bo-
tanic garden. Nat. ord., Ochnads [Och-
nacese]. Linn., f> Penlandria i-Mono-
gynia.)

Stove, yellow-flowered evergreens. Cuttings
of half-ripened shoots, or firm side-shoots, in
sand, under a bell-glass, in the beginning of
April; sandy loam and peat. Winter temp.,
50 to 60 ; summer, 60 to 85.
W. integrifo'lia (entire-leaved). 12. Guiana.

serra'ta (ssw-leaved) , 12. Malabar. 1824.

WALKS. See Concrete and Gravel.

WALL CRESS. A'rabis.

WALL-FLOWER. Chelra 'nth us.

WALLS are usually built in pannels,
from fifteen to thirty feet in length, one
brick thick, with pillars at these specified
distances, for the sake of adding to their
strength, and the foundation a brick-
and-a-half thick. The plan of Mr. Sil-
verlock, of Chichester, is worthy of
adoption, since, if well constructed, it is
equally durable, and saves one-third of
the expense. Walls so constructed are
stated to become dry after rain much
more rapidly than a solid wall of the
same or any other thickness, and there
appears not a shadow of a reason why
they should not ripen fruit equally
well. He forms the wall hollow, nine



WAL



[ 917 ]



WAT



inches in breadth, by placing the bricks
edgewise so as to form two facings, they
are laid in good mortar, and the joints
carefully finished. They are placed
alternately with their faces and ends to
the outsides, so that every second brick
is a tie, and in each succeeding course
a brick with its end outwards is placed
on the centre of one laid lengthwise on
either side. The top of the wall must
be covered with a coping of stone or
bricks projecting eight inches. It is
strengthened at every twenty feet by
piers of fourteen -inch work, built in the
same manner, with bricks laid on edge.

In every instance a wall should never
be lower than eight feet. The thick-
ness usually varies with the height of
the wall being nine inches, if it is not
higher than eight feet ; thirteen-and-a-
half inches, if above eight and under
fourteen feet; and eighteen inches,
from fourteen up to twenty feet.

Inclined or Sloping Watts have been
recommended, but have always failed
in practice. It is quite true that they
receive the sun's rays at a favourable
angle, but they retain wet, and become
so much colder by radiation at night
than perpendicular walls, that they are
found to be unfavourable to the ripen-
ing of fruit.

The Flued-ivall or Hot- wall is gene-
rally built entirely of brick, though
where stone is abundant and more eco-
nomical the back or north side may be
of that material. A flued wall may be
termed a hollow wall, in which the
vacuity is thrown into compartments
a a a a, to facilitate the circulation of
smoke and heat, from the base or sur-
face of the ground, to within one or
two feet of the coping. Such walls are
generally arranged with hooks inserted
under the coping, to admit of fast-
ening some description of protecting
covers, and sometimes for temporary
glass frames. A length of forty feet,
and from ten to fifteen high, may be
heated by one fire, the furnace of
which, &, being placed one or two feet
below the surface of the ground, the
first course, or flue, c, will commence
one foot above it, and be two feet six
inches, or three feet high, and the
second, third, and fourth courses, d, e,f,



narrower as they ascend. The thick-
ness of that side of the flue, next the




south or preferable side, should for the
first course, be four inches or brick and
bed, and for the other courses, it were
desirable to have bricks cast in a smaller
mould : say for the second course three,
for the third two - and - three - quarters,
and for the fourth two-and-a-half inches
in breadth. This will give an oppor-
tunity of bevelling the wall, and the
bricks being all of the same thickness,
though of different widths, the exter-
nal appearance will be everywhere the
same. Enc. Gard.

WALNUT. Ju'glans.

WARDIAN CASE. See Glass Case.

WA'BREA. (Named after F. Warrc,
a botanical collector. Nat. ord., Orchids
[Orchidace&3]. Linn., "20-Gynandria 1-
Monandria. Allied to Grobya.)

Stove orchids grown in baskets. See Orchids.

W. bidenta'ta (two-toothed-fr>/?ed). Purple,

Avhite. September. Caraccas. 1843.

cya'nea (\Aw-lipped). 1. White, blue.

August. Columbia. 1843.

rubc'scens (reddish). Red. April. Brazil.

1838.

tri'color (three-coloured). 2. Yellow, purple.

August. Brazil. 1843.

WATER. The best for the gardener's
purpose is rain water, preserved in
tanks sunk in the earth, and rendered
tight either by puddling, or bricks
covered with Parker's cement. To
keep these tanks replenished, gutters
should run round the eaves of every
structure in the garden, and communi-
cate with them. Every hundred cubic
inches of rain water contains more than
four cubic inches of air, of which more
than half are carbonic acid gas, and
the remainder nitrogen and oxygen, in
the proportion of sixty-two of the
former to thirty-eight of the last named.



WAT



[ 918 ]



WAT



That obtained from ponds or springs
invariably contains matters offensive or
deleterious to plants. That known as
hard water, containing an excess of
salts of lime or magnesia, is invariably
prejudicial, and pond water is scarcely
less so. If it be stagnant, and loaded
with vegetable extract, it is even worse
than hard spring water; for it then
contains carburetted hydrogen, and
other matters noxious to vegetables.
These last-named waters, if obliged to
be employed to tender plants, should
have a pint of the ammoniacal water of
the gas works, mixed thoroughly with
eveiy sixty gallons, an hour or two
before they are used.

WATEE-CRESS. Nastu'rtium officina'le.
Varieties. Small broAvn-leaved, hardi-
est ; large brown-leaved, best for deep
water; green-leaved, easiest cultivated.
Planting in Water. The trenches in
which they are grown are so prepared,
that, as nearly as possible, a regular
depth of three or four inches can be
kept up. These trenches are three
yards broad, and eighty-seven yards
long, and whenever one is to be planted
the bottom is made quite firm, and
slightly sloping, so that the water
which flows in at one end may run out
at the other. If the bottom of the
trench is not sufficiently moist, a small
body of water is allowed to enter to
soften it. The cresses are then divided
into small sets or cuttings, with roots
attached to them ; and these are placed
at the distance of three or four inches
from each other. At the end of five or
six days a slight dressing of well de-
composed cow-dung is spread over all
the plants, and this is pressed down by
means of a heavy board, to which a
long handle is obliquely fixed. The
water is then raised to the depth of two
or three inches, and never higher.
Each trench is thus replanted annu-
ally, and furnishes twelve crops during
the season. In the summer, the cresses
are gathered every fifteen or twenty
days, but less frequently during winter :
care is taken that at each gathering at
least a third part of the bed is left un-
touched, so that neither the roots may
be exhausted, nor the succeeding ga-
thering delayed. After every cutting, a



little decayed cow-dung, in the propor-
tion of two large barrowfuls to each
trench, is spread over the naked plants,
and this is beaten down by means of
| the rammer above mentioned. After
| the water-cresses have been thus treated
for a twelvemonth, the manure forms a
tolerably thick layer at the bottom of
the trench, and tends to raise its level.
To restore it to its original level, all
the refuse should be thrown out upon
the borders which separate the trenches
from each other. These borders may
be planted with artichokes, cabbages,
or cauliflowers.

Planting in Borders. This must be
done in September and in a moist
shady border. Plant slips, and the
only cultivation necessary is to dig the
earth fine, to draw a slight trench with
a hoe, to fill this with water until it
becomes a mud, to cover it about an
inch deep with drift sand, and then to
stick in the slips about six inches
apart, watering them until established.
The sand keeps the plants clean. They
will be ready for gathering from in a
very few weeks, and the shoots should
be invariably cut and not picked. They
are not so mild flavoured as those
grown in water, but then they are free
from aquatic insects, &c.
WATERFALL. See Cascade.
WATERING ENGINE. See Engine.
WATERING POTS. These should have
roses pierced with very fine holes ; the
diameter of those usually used is too
large. Long-spouted watering pots are
required for watering plants in pots
upon shelves. French watering pots
have zigzag bends in the spout to break,
from the plant the force of the water.
Shelf watering pots are small and flat-
bodied for giving water to plants over-
head, and near the glass in greenhouses
or stoves.

The accompanying engraving is of a
watering pot from Mr. G. Thompson,
390, Oxford-street, who states that its
superiority consists in the roses being
so formed as to give the water thrown
from them the nearest resemblance to
a gentle shower of rain, which renders
it peculiarly suitable for watering seed-
lings or other tender plants. As the
brass joints which connect the roses to



WAT



[ 019 ]



WEN



the spout are made water-tight, there
is no danger of its returning outside, to




the annoyance of the person using it :
a is the spout to which the roses are
screwed ; b, the hox to contain either
spout out of use ; c and rf, the holes in
which the joints are placed ; e, a large
rose for watering flower-beds ; f, a
smaller rose for watering plants in pots.

WATER LEAF. Hydrophy'llum.

WATER LEMON. Passiflo'ra laurifo'lia.

WATER LILY. Nymphc'a.

WATER MELON. Cu'cumis Cilru'llus,
var.

WATER PLANTS. See Aqua'rium.

WATER EEED. Aru'ndo.

WATER VINE. Telra'cera potato' ria.

WATER VIOLET. Hotto'nia.

WATSO'NIA. (Named after W. Wat-
son, a London apothecary. Nat. ord.,
Irlds [Iridacese] . Linn., 3-Triandria
I-Monoyynia. Allied to Gladiolus.)

Bulbs, from Cape of Good Hope, except
where otherwise mentioned. For culture see
Gladiolus.
W. aletroi'des (Aletris-like), l. Scarlet. June.

1774.

variega'ta (variegated). l. Va-
riegated. June. 1774.

angu'sta (narrow-lowered). Scarlet. June.

1825.

brevifo'lia (short-leaved). 1. Pink. May. 1794.

compa'cta (compact). l. Purple. June. 1821.
fu'lgida (bright). 4. Red. May. 1795.

glau'cum (milky-green). !. White. July.

Peru. 1823.

hu'milis (lowly). 2. Lake. June. 1754.

iridifo'lia (Iris-leaved). 2. Flesh. May. 1795.

leuca'ntha (white-flowered). 6. White. Ja-

maica. 1825.

Li/ia'g-o(Liliago). 1. White. May. South

Europe. 1596.

mi'nor (smaller). 3. White. May.

South Europe. 1596.

longifo'lium (long - leaved). Green. Sep-

tember. Lima. 1829.

margina'ta (marginated). 3. Pink. July.
mi'nor (lesser). 3. Pink. Au-
gust. 1812.

Meria'na (Merian's). !. Flesh. May. 1750.

Nepalerise (Nepaul), 2. White. May.

Ncpaul, 1824.



W.plantagi'nea (Plantain-like), 2. White.
June. 17/4.

puncta'ta (dotted -flowered}. 1. Purple.

June. 1800.

purpu'rea (purple). 6. Purple. Jamaica.

1825.

ro'sea (rosy). 2. Pink. July. 1803.

ro'sea-a'lbo (red-and- white). 1. Pink, white.

July.

variega'ta (variegated). 1. Variegated. July.

ru'bens (red). Red. June. 1825.

ramo'sum (branchy). 2. White. May. South

Europe. 1570.

, spica'ta (spiked). 1. Pink. May. 1791-
! stnctiflo'ra (erect-flowered). 1. Red. June.

1810.

WAYFARING- TREE. Vibu'rnum Lan-
ta'na.

WEEVIL. See Antho'nymus.

WEIGE'LA. (Named after C.E. Weiyel,
a botanical writer. Nat. ord., Capri/oils
[Caprifoliacefe]. Linn., 5-Pentandria
l-Monogynia.)

Hardy deciduous shrub. Cuttings, in spring
and autumn, under a hand-light, or even in a
protected border. It forces as easily as a Lilac.
Sandy loam and a little leaf-mould.
W. ro'sea (rosy). 8. Rosy. April. China. 1844.

WEINBIA'NNIA. (Named after J. W.
Weinmann, a German botanist. Nat.
ord., Cunoniads [Cunoniaceag]. Linn.,
S-Octandria 2-Digynia.)

White-flowered evergreen shrubs. Cuttings
of half-ripened shoots, in sand, under a bell-
glass, in April. The stove ones in bottom-heat,
the others in a close, cool pit or frame ; sandy
loam and leaf-mould, with a little old dried
cow-dung.

STOVE.

W. elli'ptica (oval-leaved). 4. May. S.Ame-
rica. 1824.

gla'bra (smooth). 6. May. Jamaica. 1815.

hi'rta (hairy). 6. May. Jamaica. 1820.

ova'ta (egg-leaved). 6. May. Peru. 1824.

GREENHOUSE.

W. Austra'lis (Australian). New Holland. 1836.
-pamcMJa'tatpanicled). Australia. 1831.

pube'scens (downy). 1847.

veno'sa (veined). 6. May. New Holland.

1836.

WELCH ONION. See Ci'boitl.

WENDLA'NDIA. (Named after J. C.
Wendland, curator of the botanic garden,
Hanover. Nat. ord., Cinchonads [Gin-
chonacete]. Linn, Q-Hcxandria 4-Po/y-
gynia. Allied to Hindsia.)

Stove, white-flowered evergreens. Cuttings
of the points of young shoots or small young
side-shoots, in sand, under a bell-glass, m
May ; sandy loam, fibry peat, and a little char^
coal. Winter temp., 45 to 55 ; summer, 60 to
80. Populifolia is hardy or nearly so.

July, Malay, 1820.



WEN



[ 020 ]



WIS



W. populifo'Ha( Poplar-leaved). 10. June. Flo- i
rida. 1759.

tincto'ria (dyer's). July. E. Indies. 1825.
WERNE'RIA. (Named after A. G.

Werner, the celebrated mineralogist.
Nat. ord., Composites [Asteraceae].
Linn., 19-Syngcnesia 2-SuperJlua. Al-
lied to Doronicum.)

Half-hardy herbaceous. Division of the
plant, iu spring ; sandy loam, well drained ;
requires a cool greenhouse or a cold pit in
winter, or may be treated as an Alpine plant,
protected from severe frost and wet in winter.
W. ri'gida (stiff). . February. Quito. 1828.

WESTO'NIA. Add the following to
Glycine.

G. trifolia'ta (three-leaved). Yellow, red. June.
1820.

WESTKI'NGIA. (Named after J. P.
Westring, physician to the king of
Sweden. Nat. ord., Lipivorts [Lamia-
ceae]. Linn., 14:-Didynamia l-Gymnos-
permia. Allied to Prostranthera.)

Greenhouse, blue-flowered, evergreens from
New Holland. Cuttings of half-ripened shoots,
in May, in sand, under a bell or hand-glass ;
sandy loam and leaf-mould. Winter temp.,
35 to 45.

W. rubi&fo'lia (Rubia-leaved). 3. June. 1820.

triphy'lla (three-leaved). September. 1823.
WHITE BEAM-TREE. Py'rm A'ria.
WHITE CEDAR. Ciipre'ssus thyoi'des.
WHITE SPEUCE. Pi'nus a'lba.
WHITE TEEE. Melale'uca Leucade'n-

dron .

WHITE VINE. Cle'matis vita'lba.

WHITFIE'LDIA. (Named after T.
Whitfield, a botanical collector of Afri-
can plants. Nat. ord., Acanihads [Acan-
thacese]. Linn., l-i-Didynamia 2-An-
giospermia. Allied to Barleria.)

For culture see Barleria.
W. lateri'tia (brick-coloured). 3. Lilac, red.
December. Sierra Leone. 1841.

WHORTLEBERRY. Vacci'nium.

WIDOW WAIL. Cneo'ntm.

WIGA'NDIA. (Named after J. Wi~
yand, Bishop of Pomerania. Nat. ord.,
Hydrophyls [Hydrophyllacese]. Linn.,
5-Pcntandria 2-Diyynia. Allied to Hy-
drolea.)

Stove herbaceous. Seeds, in a hotbed, in
spring ; and, we should think, by cuttings of
the young shoots taken off with a heel, after the
plant has broken a fresh after-pruning ; sandy
loam and fibry peat, with charcoal nodules.
Winter temp., 50 to 55 ; summer, 60 to 85.
W. Caracasa'na (Caraccas). 6, Lilac, April.
Caraccas, 1836.



W. Ku'nthii (Kunth's). Blue, April. Mexico.

1837.

u'rens (stinging). Violet. April. Mexico.
1827.

WILDERNESS. See Labyrinth.

WILD LIQUORICE. A'brus.

WILD SERVICE. Py'rus tormina'lis.

WILLOW. Sa'lix.

WILLUGHBE'IA. (Named after F.
WWughby, a pupil of Eay. Nat. ord.,
Dogbanes [Apocynacese]. Linn., 5-
Pentandria 1-Monogynia. Allied to
Allamanda.)

Stove evergreen. For culture see Allamanda.
W, edu'lis (eatable). 10. Pale pink. July. E.
Indies. 1818.

WIND FLOWER. Gentia'na Pncumo-
na'nthe, and Ane'mone.

WINE PALM. Manica'ria.

WINGED PEA. Tetragono'lobm pur-
pu'reus.

WINTER ACONITE. JEra'nl/iis.

WINTER BERRY. Pri'nos.

WINTER CRESS. Barba'rca.

WINTER MOTH. See Chiemeto'bia.

WINTER SWEET. Orl'ganum herac-
leo'ticum.

WIRE -WORMS are the larvae of various
species of later, Click Beetle, or Skip-
Jack. To remove the wire-worm from
a soil, no mode is known but frequently
digging it and picking them out, as
their yellow colour renders them easily
detected. To prevent their attack upon
a crop, mix a little spirit of tar, or a
larger quantity of gas-lime, with the
soil. It has been stated that growing
white mustard drives them away, and
it is certainly worth the trial. To en-
trap them, and tempt them away from
a crop they have attacked, bury pota-
toes in the soil near the crop; and if
each potato has a stick thrust through
it, this serves as a handle by which it
may be taken up, and the wire-worms
which have penetrated it be destroyed.
To decoy them from beds of anemones,
ranunculuses, &c., it is said to be a
successful plan to grow round the beds
an edging of daisies, for the roots of
which they have a decided preference.

WISTA'RIA. (Named after C. Wistar,
an American professor. Nat. ord., Le-
(juminous Plants [Fabaceeej. Linn.,
\1 -Diad.elphla l-Dccandria.)

Hardy deciduous, purplish-flowered, Climbers.
Seeds when obtainable} cuttings of the strong



wls



WEI



roots ; by cuttings of the young shoots getting i
firm, under a handlight, in sandy soil, but more j
generally by layers of long-ripened young
shoots, as then almost every bud will form a
plant. Sandy loam and peat.
W.floribu'nda (bundle-flowered). May. Japan.

frute'scens (shrubby). 10. July. N.America.

1724.

Sine'nsis (Chinese). May. China. 1818.

a'lba (white). 20. White. April. China.

1846.

WITCH HAZEL. Hamame'lis.

WITHERI'NGIA. (Named after Dr.
Withering, a British botanist. Nat.
ord., Nightshades [Solanacese]. Linn.,
5-Pentandria 1-Monogynia. Allied to
Capsicum.)

Greenhouse herbaceous and evergreens. Pe-
rennials by seed, and divisions of the plant and
tubers ; evergreens by cuttings, in sand, under
a bell-glass ; rich sandy loam. Winter temp.,
38 to 48.

W. crassifo'lia (thick-leaved). 2. Yellow. June.
C. of G. Hope. 1706. Evergreen.

monta'na (mountain). 1. White. June.

Peru. 1822.

purpu'rea (purple). . Pale purple. July.

Chili. 1829. Tuberous.

sframom/b'fta(Stramonia-leaved). 3. Yel-

low. June. Mexico. 1823. Evergreen.

WITSE'NIA. (Named after M. Witsen,
a Dutch patron of botany. Nat. ord.,
Irids [Iridacese]. Linn., 3-Triandria
l-Hfonoyynia.)

Greenhouse, purplish - flowered, herbaceous
plants, from the Cape of Good Hope. Seeds,
in a slight hotbed, in April ; divisions of the
plant then, or taking off the sucker-like offsets ;
sandy peat, and a little fibry loam, with a little
rough charcoal, and well drained. Winter
temp., 40 to 48.
W. corymbo'sa (corymbed). . June. 1803.

mau'ra (moorish). 4. December. 1/90.
parti'ta (divided). April, 1822.

ramo'sa (branched). 1. April. 1819.

' WOLF'S BANE. Aconi'tum lupuci'dum.

WOOD ASHES. See Ashes.

WOODBINE. Caprifo'lium Pcricly-
me'num.

WOODLICE. See Oni'scus.

WOODKOOF. Aspe'rula.

WOOD SORREL. O'xalis.

WOOLLEN BAGS. See Animal Matters.

WOLLASTO'NIA. (Named after Dr.
Wollaston, a great chemist. Nat. ord.,
Composites [ Asteracese] . Linn., 19-
Synyenesia %-SuperJlua.)

An annual. Seeds, in a hotbed, in March or
April; plants pricked out, and afterwards
bloomed in the greenhouse or plant stove ;
sandy loam and peat.

W. bijlo'ra (two-flowered), Yellow, July, East
Indies, 1818,



WOO'DSIA. (Named after J. Woods,
a British botanist. Nat. ord., Ferns
[Polypodiacese]. Linn., '.H-Cryptogamia
l-Filices.)

Hardy, brown-spored Ferns, except mollis and
pubescens, which require the stove. See Ferns.
W. Cauca'sica (Caucasian). September. Cau-
casus.

glabe'lla (smoothish). September. North

America. 1827.

hyperbo'rea (northern), . July. Scotland.

Ilve'nsis (Ilva). . June. Britain.

mo' His (soft). July. Brazil.

obtu'sa (blunt). . June. N. America. 1836.

Perrinia'na (Perrin's). June. N. America.

pube'scens (downy). June. Brazil. 1826.

vesti'ta (clothed). June. N.America. )8l6.

WOODWA'RDIA. (Named after T. J.
Woodward, a British botanist. Nat.
ord., Ferns [Polypodiacese]. Linn.,
2-Cryptoyamia l-Filices.)

Hardy, brown-spored Ferns. Radicans re-
quires shelter in winter. See Ferns.
W. angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 1, August.
North America. 1812.

Japo'nica (Japanese). September. Japan.

radi'cans (rooting- Jeaverf). l. July. Ma-

deira. 1779-

thelypteroi'des (Thelypteris-like). Septem-

ber. North America.

Virgi'nica (Virginian). 1. August. North

America. 1/24,

WORKING is a gardener's term for
the practice of grafting. " To work "
upon a stock is to graft upon it.

WO'EMIA. (Named after 0. Wormiun,
a Danish naturalist. Nat. ord., Dille-
niads [Dilleniacesel. Linn., 1'3-Poly-
andria b-Pentayynia. Allied to Dil-
lenia.)

Stove evergreen. See Dillenia.
W. denta'ta (toothed). 20. Yellow, Ceylon,
1818.

WORMWOOD. Artcmi'sia.
WOUNDS. See Extravasaled Sap.
WOUNDWORT. Anthy'llis vulnera'ria.
WRI'GHTIA. (NamedafterDr. WrigM,
of Jamaica. Nat. ord., Dogbanes [Apo-
cynacese]. Linn., b-Pentandria l-Mo-
noyynia. Allied to Alstonia.)

Stove evergreen shrubs, with white flowers,
, and from the East Indies, except where other-
I wise described. For culture see Alstonia.
W. angustifo'lia (narrow -leaved). 8. Sep-
tember. South America. 1752.

antidysente'rica (antidysenteric). 10. 1778.

cocci'nea (scarlet). 12. Scarlet. July. 1822,

du'bia (doubtful). Orange. June. 1813.

latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 30. August. Ha-

vannah. 1733.

pube'scens (downy). 4. Green, yellow,

March, New Holland, 1829,



WBI



[ 922 ]



W. tincto'ria (dyer's). 15. 1812.

Zeyla'nica (Ceylon).

WULFE'NIA. (Named after F. Wul-
fcn, a botanical author. Nat. ord., Fig-
worts [Scrophulariaceae]. Linn., 2-Z>t-
andria 1-Monogynia.)

Hardy herbaceous. Seeds and divisions, in
spring; light rich soil, and a dry, elevated
place in winter, or kept from damp in a dry,
cool pit.

W. Amherstia'na (Amherst's). f . Lilac. July.
Chinese. Tartary. 1846.

Carinthia'ca (Carinthian). li. Blue. July.

Carinthia. 1817.

WU'LFFIA. ( Named after J. C. Wulff,
author of "Flora Borussica." Nat.
ord., Composites [Asteracera]. Linn.,
W-Syngcnesia 4=-Necessaria. Allied to
Eudbeckia.)

Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings of young
shoots, in sandy soil, in spring or summer ;
sandy loam and leaf-mould. Winter temp., 45
to 58 ; summer, 60 to 80.

W. macula'ta (spotted). Yellow, June. Brazil.
1822.

WU'BMBEA. (Named after F. V.
Wnrmbe, a Dutch naturalist. Nat. ord.,
Melantlis [Melanthaceae]. Linn., 6-
Hexandria '3-Triyynia. Allied to Me-
lanthium.)

Half-hardy bulbs, from the Cape of Good
Hope, and all but one white-flowered. For cul-
ture, see Melanthimum.

W. campanula 1 ta (bell-flowered). . June.

longiflo'ru (long-flowered). |. May. 1788.

pu'mila (dwarf). . May. 1800.

purpu'rea (purple). 1. Purple. May. 1788.

WYCH ELM. U'lmus monta'nus.



XANTHORHI'ZA. Yellow Root. (From
xanthoS) yellow, and rhiza, a root. Nat.
ord., Crowfoots [Kanunculacesej. Linn.,
b-Pentandria 6-Polygynia.)

Hardy evergreen shrub. Suckers; sandy
loam and peat ; does best in a moist situation.

X. apiifo'lia (Parsley - leaved). 3. Purple,
green. February. N. America. 1766.

XANTHOERH^'A. Grass-Tree. (From
xanlhosj yellow, and rheo, to flow ; yel-