peat, potsherds, charcoal, and hard chips,
raised above the pot, well drained, and
the plant fixed there; or on blocks. Sum-
mer temp., 60 to 90, and moist; win-
ter, 55 to 65, and dry.
H.bnrbi'gcrum (bearded). ^. Greenish brown.
June. Sierra Leone. 1835.
bractcola'tum (small-bracted). 1. Yellow
purple. July. Demerara. 1836.
Carcya'nwn (Dr. Carey's). -J-. Brown.
purple. October. Nepaul. 1832.
coco'inum (cocoa-nut). 1. Flesh. October.
Sierra Leone. 1835.
ctfpreiim (coyper-flmcered). Copper colour-
ed. Manilla. 1837.
crc'ctum (upright). Mauritius. 183-1.
Jlcfviatim (yellowish). Yellow. March.
Sierra Leone. 1840.
f if scum (brovm-flowcrcd) . Chocolate. April.
Sierra Leone. 1837.
Jii'rtum (hairy). Whitish. East Indies.
imbrica'tum (imbricated). Purple. March.
Sierre Leone. 1845.
Icopardi'num (leopard-spotted). Yellowish
green. East Indies. 1837.
limba'tum (bordered). 1. Purple. February.
Singapore. 1840.
Lo'bii (Lobb's). 1. Yellow brown. March.
Java. 1845.
macra'nthnm (large-flowered). . Lemon.
March. Sierra Leone. 1844.
occu'ltum (hidden-/Zoit;<?m7) . Sierra Leone.
radiatum (rayed) . Brownish yellow. March.
India. 1836.
recufrvum (bent-back). Green white. Sep-
tember. Sierra Leone. 1822.
saltato'rium (dancing). . Greenish brown.
December. Sierra Leone. 1835.
seti'ffcrum (bristle-bearing). Purple. De-
merara.
tetrago'nium (four-sided). Sierra Leone.
umbclla'tum (umbellcd). A. Yellow. East
Indies. 1837.
vagina' turn (sheathed). Brown. March.
Singapore. 1840.
BOLDO'A. United to Salpidnthus.
BO'LEUM. (From bolos, a ball ; in re-
ference to the shape of the seed pods.
Nat. ord., Crucifers [Brassicacese]. Linn,,
15 - Tetr adynamia. Allied to Vella).
Half-hardy evergreen under-shrub. Seed
in a pot in spring, set in a frame, or sown
in the open border during summer. It
requires a little protection in a cold pit
during winter ; but is hardly worth it.
B. asfpenim (rough). 1. Cream. June. Spain.
1818.
BOLIVA'BIA. (Named after Bolivar,
the late republican chief in South America.
Nat. ord., Jasmineworts [Jasminaceoo].
Linn., 1-JDiandria, \-monogynia). Green-
house evergreen shrub . Cuttings of half
ripened shoots in sand, under a hand-
light. Summer temp., 55 to 70 ; win-
ter, 40 to 48.
B. tri'fida (three-cleft). 2. Yellow. June.
Chili. 1828.
BOLTO'NIA. (Named after /. B. Sol-
ton, an English professor of Botany. Nat.
ord., Composites [Asteraccffi]. Linn., 18-
Syngenesia, 1-superflua. Allied to Sten-
actis). Hardy herbaceous perennials.
Division of the roots in March or Octo-
ber ; common garden soil.
B. asteroi'des (Starwort-like). 3. Flesh. Sep-
tember. North America. 1758.
glastifo'lia (wood-leaved). 1. Pink. Sep-
tember. North America. 1758.
BOMARE'A. (Name not explained; pro-
bably it is commemorative. Nat. ord.,
Amaryttid^s [Amaryllidaccoe]. Linn., 6-
Hexandria, \-Monogynia. Allied to
Alstromeria). Two features which can-
not be misunderstood divide JBomarea
from Alstromeria a twining stem and a
triangular seed pod. The tubers of the
. cdulis are eaten in St. Domingo, like
those of Jerusalem artichoke. It is a
stove plant. The others prefer a deep
rich light border in the open air, with a
slight protection from frost. B. acuti-
folia, planted in a good cold greenhouse
inside border, will twine up ten or twelve
feet, and flower better than in any other
way. For culture, see Alstromeria.
B. acutifo'lia (acute-leaved). 6. Red yellow.
September. Mexico.
puncta'ta (dotted- flowered}. 6.
Spotted. September. Mexico. 1829.
edu'Us (entfiblc-tubered). 6. Red. July.
Trinidad. 1820.
hirteflla (small-haired). Red yellow. July.
Mexico. 1824.
ota'ta (egg-shape-feared). Red and green.
Chili. 1824.
Salsi'lla (Salsilla). 5. Green crimson. June.
South America. 1806.
BOM
[ 140]
BON
BOMBA'X. Silk Cotton Tree. (From
bonibfiz, cotton; in reference to the woolly
hairs -which envelope the seed, like those
of the cotton plant. Nat. ord., Stercu-
liads [Sterculiaceoj]. Linn,, IQ-Mona-
delphia, ^>- Poly an Aria). Trees more
remarkable for their prodigious size than
for their use or beauty. Stove trees.
Cuttings of rather young shoots, but
firm at the base, placed in sandy peat,
under a' bell-glass, and in bottom heat ;
peat and loam. Summer temp., 60 to
85 ; winter, 50 to 60.
B. Cei'ba (Ceiba). 100. White. South Ame-
rica. 1692.
globo'sum (globe-form). 60. Guiana. 1824.
malaba'ricum (Malabar). 60 Scarlet.
Malabar.
scptena'tum (seven-leaved). 50. White.
Carthagena. 1699.
BONAPA'RTEA. Named after Napoleon
Bonaparte. Nat. ord., Bromelworts
[Bromeliacese]. Linn., 6-ffexandria, 1-
Monogynia. Allied to Guzmannia).
Remarkable for the gracefulness of their
long rush-like leaves. They are well
adapted for growing in vases, out of
doors, in aummer. Stove plants. Seeds
in a hotbed ; cuttings in sand, under a
glass, in heat; well drained. Summer
temp. 60 to 70 ; winter, 55 to 60.
B. gra'cilis (slender). 2. Mexico. 1828.
ju'ncea (rush-leaved). IL Blue. Peru.
1800.
BONA'TEA. (Named after M. Bonat,
a distinguished Italian botanist. Nat.
ord., Orchids [Orchidaceae]. Linn., 20-
Gynandria, \-Monogynia. Allied to
Gymnadenia). Stove orchid. Division
of the roots, or semi-bulbous tubers ;
peat and loam. Summer temp., 60 to
85 ; winter, 50 to 55.
B. specio'sa (showy). 2. Green white. May.
Cape of Good Hope. 1820.
BONES are beneficial as a manure,
because their chief constituent (phos-
phate of lime) is also a constituent of
all plants; and the gelatine which is
also in bones is of itself a source of food
to them. The bones of the ox, sheep,
horse and pig, being those usually em-
ployed, their analyses are here given :
Phosphate of lime
Carbonate of lime .
Animal matter . .
The bones must
Ox.
Sheep.
Horse.
rig.
55
4
33
l>e app
70
5
25
lied t
68
1
31
o the
52
1
47
crops
in very small pieces or powder ; and ten
pounds, at the time of inserting the seed,
is enough for thirty square yards, if sown
broad-cast; and a much smaller quan-
tity is sufficient if sprinkled along the
drills in which the seed is sown. There
is no doubt that bone dust may be em-
ployed with advantage in all gardens
and to all garden crops, but it has been
experimented on most extensively with
the turnip and potato, and with unfail-
ing benefit. Mixed with sulphur, and
drilled in with the turnip seed, it has
been found to preserve the young plants
from the fly. Mr. Knight found it
beneficial when applied largely to stone-
fruit, at the time of planting; and it is
quite as good for the vine. To lawns,
the dust has been applied with great ad-
vantage when the grass was becoming
thin. As a manure for the shrubbery,
parterre, and greenhouse, it is also most
valuable; and crushed as well as ground,
is employed generally to mix with tho
soil of potted plants. Mr. Maund finds
it promotes the luxuriance and beauty
of his flowers. One pound of bone dust
mixed with twelve ounces of sulphuric
acid (oil of vitriol), and twelve ounces
of water, if left to act upon each other
for a day, form super-phosphate of
lime, a wineglassful of which has been
found beneficial to pelargoniums. Ap-
plied as a top-dressing, mixed with half
its weight of charcoal dust, it is a good
manure for onions, and may be applied
at the rate of nine pounds to the square
rod. There is little doubt of this super-
phosphate being good for all our kitchen-
garden crops, being more prompt in its
effects upon a crop than simple bone
dust, because it is soluble in'water, and
therefore more readily presented to the
roots in a state for them to imbibe. Bones
broken into small pieces are generally
used as drainage for Pelargoniums and
other potted plants.
BONNA'YA. (Named after the Ger-
man botanist, Bonnay. Nat. ord., Fig-
worts [Scrophulariaceao]. Linn., 2 Dian-
dria, l-monogynia. Related to TOKENIA).
Stove plants. Seeds for annuals ; divi-
sions, and cuttings of creepers and trail-
ers ; rich sandy loam.
B. brachyca'rpa (short-seed-podded). Violet.
June. East Indies. 1829. Annual.
BON
[141]
BOR
B.r&ptans (creeping). |. Blue. July. East
Indies. 1826. Perennial ti-ailer.
veronicaifo' lia (Speedwell-leaved). \. Pink.
August. East Indies. 1798. Biennial
trailer.
BONNE' TIA. (Named after C. Bonnet,
a distinguished naturalist. Nat. ord.,
Theads [Ternstromiaceae]. Linn., 13-
Polyandria, \-monogynia). Stove tree.
Cuttings of firm young shoots, in sand,
under a glass, in heat; loamandpeat. Sum-
mer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 55 to 60.
B. paltf stris (marsh). Red. Trinidad. 1819.
BO'NTIA. ^Named after /. Bont, a
Dutch physician. Nat. ord., Myoporads
[Myoporacca?]. Linn., \t-Didynamia, 2-
Angiospermia). Stove evergreen shrub,
requiring similar treatment to Bonnetia.
B. daphnoi'des (Daphne - like). 6. Yellow
purple. June. West Indies. 1690.
BORAGE (Borago qfficinalis}. Its young
leaves, smelling somewhat like cucum-
ber, are sometimes used in salads, or
boiled as spinach. Being aromatic, its
spikes of flowers are put into negus and
cool tankards.
Soil and Situation. For the spring
and summer sowing, any light soil and
open situation may be allotted, provided
the first is not particularly rich ; for
those which have to withstand the win-
ter, a light dry soil, and the shelter of a
south fence, is most suitable. A very
fertile soil renders it luxuriant, and in-
jures the flavour.
Times and mode of sowing. Sow in
March or April, and at the close of July,
for production in summer and autumn,
and again in August or September, for
the supply of winter and succeeding
spring, in shallow drills, twelve inches
asunder. When of about six weeks'
growth, the plants are to be thinned to
twelve inches apart, and the plants thus
removed of the Spring and Autumn sow-
ing may be transplanted at a similar dis-
tance ; but those of the Summer sowing
seldom will endure the removal, and at all
times those left unmoved prosper most.
At the time of transplanting, if at all
dry weather, they must be watered until
established; water must also be fre-
quently applied to the seed-bed of the
summer sowing.
To obtain seed. Some of those plants
which have survived the winter must be
left uugathered from. They will begin
to flower about June ; and when their
seed is perfectly ripe, the stalks must bo
gathered, and dried completely before it
is rubbed out.
BO'RAGO. Borage. (Altered from
cor, heart, and ago, to affect; referring
to the cordial qualities of the herbs.
Nat. ord., Borageworts [Boraginaceae].
Linn., 5 - Pentandria, 1 - monogynia).
Hardy plants. 'Biennials and annuals
from seed; perennials by divisions ; com-
mon soil.
B. crassifo'tia (thick-leaved). 2. Pink. June.
Persia. 1822. Herbaceous perennial.
cre'tica (Cretan). 1. Blue. May. Crete.
1823. Herbaceous perennial.
laxiflo'ra (loose-flowered). 1. Blue. June.
Corsica. 1813. Trailing biennial.
longifo'lia (long-leaved). 1. Blue. July.
South Europe. 1825. Annual.
officina'lis (common). 3. Blue. August.
England. Annual.
albiflo'ra (white -flowered). 2.
White. August. England. Annual.
orienta'lis (oriental). 2. Blue. June.
Turkey. 1752. Herbaceous perennial.
BORA'SSUS. (One of the names applied
to the spatha of the date palm. Nat.
ord., Palms [Palmaccoe]. Linn., 22-
Dicecia, &-Hexandria). Palm -wine or
toddy, a grateful beverage, is the juice
which flows from the wounded spathe of
this and some other palms. Stove tree.
Seeds ; peat and loam. Summer temp.,
60 to 90 ; winter, 60.
B. fldbellifo'rmis (fan-leaved). 30. White
green. East Indies. 1771.
BORBO'NIA. (Named after one of the
Bourbon family. Nat. ord., Leguminous
Plants [FabacesB]. Linn., IQ-Monadel-
phia, 6-Decandria. Related to SCOTTIA).
This genus, with its allies, Hovea, Lalage,
Templetonia, and others of that group
have always been great favourites with
gardeners. All greenhouse evergreen
shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope.
Cuttings in sand, in April, under a bell-
tlass, and in a close place, without arti-
cial heat ; peat and loam. Summer
temp., 50 to 70 ; winter, 40 to 45.
B. barba'ta (bearded). 4. Yellow. July. 1823.
cilia' 'ta (hair-fringed). 3., Yellow. July. 1816.
corda'ta (heart-leaved). 2. Yellow. Au-
gust. 1759.
crena'ta (round-notch-fcam2) . 6. Yellow.
July. 1774.
ericifo'lia (heath-leaved). 2. Pink. Ja-
nuary. 1821.
lanceola'to (lance-leaved). 5. Yellow.
July. 1752.
BOR
[142]
BOR
S.ruscifo'lia (Ruscus - leaved). 3. Yellow.
July. 1790.
trine? rvia (three-nerved). G. Yellow. July.
1759.
undula'ta (wave-leaved). 4. Yellow. July.
1812.
BORDER, is a name applied to that nar-
row division of the garden which usually
accompanies each side of a walk in the
kitchen-garden, and to the narrow bed
which is near to the garden- wall on one
side, and abuts on a walk on the other.
In fact, any bed which acts as a boun-
dary to a walk, or grass-plot, or the main
quarters of a garden, may be properly
described as a border.
1. Fruit Borders Next to the wall
should be a path, eighteen inches wide,
for the convenience of pruning and
gathering. Next to this path should be
the border, eight or nine feet wide ; and
then the broad walk, which should al-
ways encompass the main compartments
of the kitchen-garden. The whole of the
breadth from the wall to the edge of this
main walk should be excavated to the
depth of four feet ; the bottom of the
excavation rammed hard ; brickbats and
large stones then put into the depth of
one foot and a half; and the remaining
two feet and a half filled up with suitable
soil. From the underdrainage of brick-
bats, &c., draining pipes should be laid,
with an outfall into some neighbouring
ditch. No fruit-tree will be healthy if it
roots deep, or if its roots are surrounded
by superfluous water ; that is, more water
than the soil will retain by its own che-
mical and capillary attractions. Shallow
rooting crops do no harm to the trees
grown on fruit borders sufficient to re-
quire their total banishment. See Fruit
Trees and Stations.
2. Flower Borders. -These, like the
preceding, and indeed, like every other
part of the garden not devoted to aquatic
and marsh plants, should be well drained.
In plotting them, it must also be remem-
bered, that, if narrow, no art will impart
to them an aspect of boldness and gran-
deur. Indeed, narrowness of surface is
inseparably connected with an impression
that the grounds are of limited extent,
and no disposal of the plants will remove
the littleness thus suggested. If the
pleasure-grounds arc small, narrow bor-
ders are permissible ; but even then the
broader they are the less is the appearance
of meanness. Neatness must be the pre-
siding deity over flower borders, and no
application of the hoe and rake, no re-
moval of decayed leaves, no tying up
of straggling members, can be too un-
remitting. See Flowers.
Forking Borders. No border, whether
tenanted by the roots of fruit-trees, or
flowering shrubs, should be ever dug
with the spade. The surface turned up
roughly with the fork, to benefit by the
winter frosts ; and manure, as necessary,
turned in with the same implement are
sufficient.
BORECOLE, Brassica oleracea Jimbriata.
Varieties. Of the following, 1, 2, 3,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 16, are the best.
1. Brussels Borecole, or Sprouts.
2. Green Borecole, German or Curled
Kale, or Curlies, Scotch or Siberian Kale,
Brassica oleracea sclenisia.
3. Purple Borecole, B. oleracea laci-
niata.
4. Variegated Borecole.
5. Chou de Milan.
6. Egyptian or Rabi Kale.
7. Ragged Jack.
8. Jerusalem Kale.
9. Buda, Russian, or Manchester
Kale. This is greatly improved by
blanching under a pot, like sea kale.
10. Anjou Kale.
11. One-thousand-headed cabbage, B.
o. accphala.
12. Palm Borecole.
13. Portugal or large ribbed.
14. "VVoburn perennial. This, and
indeed the whole race, may be propagated
by cuttings, six inches long, planted
where to remain in March or April.
15. Barnes's feathered Savoy.
Sowing. The first crop sow about the
end of March, or early in April, the
seedlings of which are fit for pricking out
towards the end of April, and for final
planting at the close of May, for produc-
tion late in autumn, and commencement
of winter. Sow again about the middle
of May ; for final planting, during July,
and lastly in August, for use during
winter and early spring.
Prick out the seedlings when their leaves
are about two inches in breadth ; set
them about six inches apart each way,
and water frequently until established.
BOH
[US]
BOS
In four or five weeks they will be of suf-
ficient growth for final removal.
Planting. Set them in rows two feet
and a half apart each way ; the last plan-
tationmay be six inches closer. They must
be wateredand weeded; and some of them
being of large spreading growth, the
earth can only be drawn about their
stems during their early growth. If,
during stormy weather, any of those
which acquire a tall growth, are blown
down, they should be supported by
stakes, when they will soon firmly re-
establish themselves.
To raise seed select such plants of each
variety as are of the finest growth, and
either leave them where grown, or re-
move them during open weather in
November, or before the close of Feb-
ruary, the earlier the better, into rows
three feet apart each way, and planted
deeply. The seed ripens about the be-
ginning of August.
BORO'NIA. (Named after Boroni, an
Italian servant of Dr. Sibthorp's. Nat.
ord., Rueworts [Rutaceae]. Linn., 8-
Octandria, \-monogynia). Greenhouse
evergreen shrubs. Cuttings, neither hard
nor soft, inserted in sand, under a glass,
where there is the mildest heat ; sandy
peat and charcoal. Though greenhouse
plants, most 'of them like a little extra
heat in spring. Summer temp., 60 to
70 ; whiter, 45 to 50.
B.ala'ta (winged). 3. Red. May. New
Holland. 1825.
anemoncefuf lia (Anemone-leaved). 2. Red.
May. New Holland. 1824.
anethifo'lia (Fennel-leaved). New Holland.
1841.
crenula'ta (round-notch-/eave<Z). 2. Red.
July. King George's Sound.
denticuld'ta (fine-toothed). 2. Red. New
Holland. 1823.
dichoto'ma (fork-branched). Rose. October.
New Holland. 1841.
falcifo'lia (sickle-leaved). MoretonBay. 1841.
Froze' ri (Frazer's). Red. May. New
Holland. 1821.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). Red. April. New
Holland. 1824.
ledifo'lia (Ledum-leaved) . 2. Red. May.
New South Wales. 1814.
mo' His (soft). New Holland. 1841.
microphy'lla (small-leaved). 2. Pink. New
Holland. 1846.
ova'ta (egg-shape-7ecrrf(Z). Crimson. May.
Swan River. 1841.
pinna'ta (leafleted). 2. Purple. August.
New South Wales. 1794.
poly galcefo' lia (Polygala-leaved) . 2. Red.
May. New Holland. 1824.
B. sea' Ira (rough). Pink. Swan River.
serrula'ta (saw-edged-teawed) . 3. Scarlet.
June. New South Wales. 1816.
spathula'ta (spathulate-fcared) . Pink. Swan
River. 1845.
tetra'nda (four-stamened) . 2. Red. May.
New Holland. 1824.
teretifo'lla (round-leaved). Pink. Swan
River.
triphy'lla (three-leaved). 2. Pink. May.
New Holland. 1840.
vimi'nea (twiggy). Pink. Swan River.
BORRE'RIA. (Named after /. W. Bor~
rer, a British Cryptogamist. Nat ord.,
CincJionads [Cinchonacae]. Linn., 4-
Tetrandria, \-monogynia. Allied to Sper-
macoce). Stove plants. The biennial
from seeds treated like a tender annual ;
and the perennials from cuttings in sand,
in heat under a glass ; light soil.
B. commuta'ta (changed), i. White. June.
West Indies. 1818.
stri'cta (upright). . White. July. East
verticilla'ta (whorled-flowered). 2. White.
July. Africa. 1732.
BO'SCIA. (Named after L. Bosc, a
French professor of agriculture. Nat.
ord., Capparids [Capparidacea?]. Linn.,
\\-Dodecandria , \-monogynia}. Cuttings
of firm wood, in heat, in sand, under
a glass ; lumpy fibry loam and peat.
Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 60.
B. scneyalefmis (Senegal) 3. White. Senegal.
1824.
BOSSUE'A. (Named after Bossieu, who
accompanied La Perouse on his fatal voy-
age. Nat. ord., Leguminous Plants [Fa-
baceoe]. Linn., \-Monadelphia, Q-decan-
dria. Allied to Hovea). Greenhouse
evergreen shrubs and trailers ; cuttings
of half-ripe shoots in sand, under a bell-
glass in April ; peat and loam, both fibry,
with a portion of silver sand, and some
pieces of charcoal, to keep the soil open ;
also seeds sown in a slight hotbed in
March. Summer temp., 60 to 75 ;
winter, 40 to 50.
B. buxifo'lia (box-leaved). 4. Yellow. May.
New Holland. 1824.
cine? rea (grey). 3. Yellow. June. Van
Dieman's Land. 1802.
cord Ifo' Ha (heart-leaved). 1. Yellow. May.
New Holland. 1820.
di'sticha (two-rowed). 2. Yellow. May.
New Holland. 1840.
ensa'ta (sword-fcrawc/wYZ). 6. Yellow. May.
New Holland. 1824.
erloca'rpa (woolly-podded). 1. Yellow.
May. King George's Sound. 1837.
folio' sa (leafy). 4. Yellow. May. New
Holland. 1824.
BOS
[
B. Hendersofmi (Henderson's). Yellow and
bronze. New South Wales. 1844.
heterophy" lla (various-leaved). 3. Yellow.
September. New South Wales. 1792.
lenticula'ris (lentil-leaved). 3. Yellow.
June. New Holland. 18X3.
linnceoi'des (Linnaea-like) . Yellow. May.
New Holland. 1824.
linophy'lla (flax-leaved). 3. Orange. Au-
gust. New Holland. 1803.
microphy'lla (small-leaved). 3. Yellow.
July. New South Wales. 1803.
ova'ta (egg-shape-lcaved) , Yellow. April.
New South Wales. 1792.
paudf(/Ua (few-leaved). 2. Yellow brown.
June. Swan River. 1841.
-~vrostra'ta (prostrate). . Yellow. August.
New South Wales. 1803.
rhombifo' lia (diamond-leaved). 1. Yellow.
May. New Holland. 1820.
rotundifa' lia (round-leaved). 3. Yellow.
May. New Holland. 1824.
rtffa (reddish-yellow-^o^-crerf) . 6. Orange.
August. New Holland. 1803.
scolope'ndrium (Hart's-tongue-Zeared). 10.
Yellow. June. New South Wales. 1792.
i#pme'sccns(spined). Yellow. New Holland.
1849.
>tenuicau' Us (slender-stemmed). ^. Yellow.
April. Van Diemen's Land. 1836.
mrna! ta (twiggy). 2. Yellow red. June.
Swan River. 1842.
BOSTP.ICHUS, a class of beetles, many of
which are very injurious to the crops of
the garden.
B. dispar, Apple bark beetle. The
female of this insect bores into the wood
of the apple tree, and there deposits her
eggs, generally in the month of May ;
and its perforations are so numerous and
extensive, as frequently, on the conti-
nent, to destroy the tree. In England it
rarely occurs. The perforations arc con-
fined to the alburnum or young wood.
B. typographies, Typographer bark
beetle. This attacks the pine tribe, espe-
cially the silver fir. A drawing of this
insect is given at page 329, vol. iii., of
The Cottage Gardener.
B. pinastri, Pinaster, or red bark beetle,
confines its attacks to the pines, leaving
the firs untouched, as the B. larius lives
exclusively on the larch, and the B. ortho-
graphus on the spruce fir.
BOSWE'LLIA, Olibanum tree. (Named
after Dr. Boswell of Edinburgh. Nat.
ord., Amyrids [Amyridaccffi]. Linn.,
lQ-l)ecandria, \-monogynia). The brittle
resin of Boswcllia boiled with oil to ren-
der it soft, is used in the East as pitch
for the bottoms of ships, and in the dry
state as frankincense. Stove trees ; cut-
tings of half- ripened shoots, in sand and
i ] BOT
peat; peat and loam. Summer temp.,
60 to 80 ; winter, 50 to 60.
B. gla'bra (smooth). 30. Pale yellow. Coro-
mandel. 1823.
scrra'ta (saw-edged-feared). 20. Pale yel-
low. East Indies. 1820.
BOTHY. The lodgings assigned to young
gardeners in the northern part of the
kingdom, and miserable hovels they often
were, and in some cases still are.
BOTRY'CERAS. (From botrys, a bunch,
and keras, a horn; in reference to the
bunches of horn-like racemes. Nat. ord.,
Anacards [Anacardiaceaej. Linn., 4-
Tetrandria, \-vnonogynia). Greenhouse
evergreen shrubs ; cuttings of ripened
shoots, in sand, under a hand-light in a
frame, and the hand-light tilted up at
night ; sandy peat. Summer temp. 55
to 65 ; winter, 38 to 45.
B. lauri'num (laurel-like). 4. New Holland.
1823.
BOTRY'CHIUM, Moonwort. (From lo-
trys, a bunch ; in reference to the bunch-
like formation of the seed apparatus on
the back of the leaf. Nat. ord., Ferns
[Polypodeacese]. Linn., l^-Cryptogamia,
l-filices). Perennial ferns hardy, with
but one exception ; chiefly divisions ;
peat and loam. B. australe should be
protected in winter.
B. austra'lc (southern). 1. Brown. June.
New Holland. 1823. Half hardy.
disse'ctum (cui-leaved) . $. Brown. July.
North America. 1806.
fumarioi'des (Fumitory-like). A. Brown.