pitintia (dwarf). 1. Blue. July. Switzer-
land.
pusi'lla (diminutive). 1. Blue. June.
Switzerland. 1821.
pyramida'lis (pyramidal). 4. Blue. July.
Carniola. 1594.
flo're a'lbo (white-flowered).
4. White. July. Europe.
quadri'fida (four-cleft). 1. Blue. June.
New Holland. 1820.
Ralne'ra (Rainer's). 1. Blue. July. Italy.
1826.
rapu'nculus (Ramp ion). 3. Blue. July.
Britain.
rapunculoi'des (Rampion-like). 3. Blue.
June. England.
rhomboi'dea (diamond-leaved). 2. Blue.
July. Switzerland. 1775.
ru'bra (red-flwcercd). 1. Red-
dish lilac. July. Switzerland.
rige'scens (stiff). 1. Blue. June. Sibe-
ria. 1820.
rotundifo'lia (round-leaved). 3. Blue June.
Britain.
flo're a'lbo (white-flowered).
1. White. June. Britain.
CAM
[ 186]
CAM
C. rotundifo'liaflo'replefno (double-flowered).
:J. Blue. July. Gardens.
ruthe'iiica (Russian ). 2. Blue. June. Cau-
casus. 1815.
sarma'tica (Sarmatian). 2. Blue. June.
Siberia. 1803.
saxa' tills (rock). 1. Blue. May. Can-
dia. 1768.
Scheuchze'ri (Scheuchzer's). 1. Blue. July.
Europe. 1813.
si' mplex (single-stemmed), 3. Blue. July.
South of France. 1819.
specio'sa (showy). 2. Purple. May. Si-
beria. 1825.
spref ta (despised). 2. Blue. July. Siberia.
1820.
Teno'rli (Tenor's). Blue. June. Naples.
tenuifo'lia (line-leaved). 1. Violet. July.
Hungary. 1817.
tomentv'sa (woolly). 1. White. June.
Levant. 1810.
trachefl'min (Throatwort). 4. Blue. June.
Britain.
a'lba (white-flowered). 3. White.
July. Britain.
a'lba pit? no, (double-white-flow-
ered). 3. White. July. Britain.
ple'na (double- blue - flowered).
3. Blue. July. Britain.
tracheloi'rfes (Throatwort-like). 3. Blue.
July. Caucasus. 1817.
> flt/ re-purpu' rea pi' ena (double-
purple-flowei-ed) . 3. Purple. July.
trichocalyci'na (hairy-calyxed) . 4. Blue.
July. Italy. 1823.
urticifo'lia (Nettle-leaved). 3. Blue. Au-
gust. Germany. 1800.
flo're ple'na (double -flowered.)
White. July. Germany.
Vande'si (De Vande's). 1. Cream. June.
veluti'na (velvety). 1. Blue. May. South
of Europe. 1826.
virga' ta (twiggy). 1. Blue. June. North
America. 1823.
versi' color (various-coloured). 4. Striped.
July. Siberia. 1788.
Waldsteinia'na (Waldstein's). 1. Blue.
June. Hungary. 1824.
Zo'ysii jfZoy's). 1. Dark blue. June.
Carniola. 1813.
GREENHOUSE.
C. au'rea (gol&en-fiowtred). 3. Yellow. Au-
gust. Madeira. Evergreen shrub.
1777.
angustifo'lia (narrow - leaved) . 2.
Yellow. August. Madeira. 1777.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 2. Yellow.
August. Madeira. 1777.
capefnsis (Cape). 1. Blue. July. Cape
of Good Hope. 1803. Annual.
ce'rnua (noAAmg-flowered). 1. Blue. June.
Cape of Good Hope. 1804. Biennial.
dehi'scens (gaping). 1. Blue. July. East
Indies. 1818. Annual.
gra'dlis (slender). 1. Blue. June. New
South Wales. 1794. Biennial.
littora'lis (shore). 1. Blue. April. New
Holland. 1820. Biennial.
- mo' Ills (soft). 1. Purple. June. Sicily.
1788. Herbaceous perennial.
Ottonia'na (Otto's). 1. Blue. July. Cape
of Good Hope,
shrub.
1825. Evergreen
CAMPE'LIA. (From kampe, bending, and
helios, the sun ; in reference to the flowers
bending round to the sun. Nat. ord.,
Spiderworts [Commelynaceae]. Linn. 6-
Hexandria, \-monogynia. Allied to Tra-
descantia). Stove herbaceous perennial ;
seeds in spring ; rich loam ; common
stove treatment.
(7. zano'nia (Zanonia-leaved) 2. Blue. July.
West Indies. 1759.
CA'MPHORA. Camphor Tree. (From
camphor, commercial name of its chief
product. Nat. ord., Laurels [Lauracese].
Linn., -Eneandria,\-monogynia. Allied
to Cinnamomum). Although camphor is
secreted by many plants in this order, and
more particularly by some species of cin-
namon, the true camphor of commerce
is obtained from Camphor officinalis, and
is a product of the oil procured from the
wood, branches, and leaves, by means of
dry distillation. Camphor is chiefly
manufactured in the island of Formosa, and
from thence sent to Canton for exporta-
tion. The hard camphor of Sumatra and
the camphor oil of Borneo, are the natu-
ral secretions of Dryoba 'loops ca'mphora.
Stove evergreen tree ; cuttings ; peat and
loam ; cool stove.
C. officina'lis (officinal. Camphor tree). 20.
Greenish white. March. Japan. 1727.
CAMPOMANE'SIA. (Named after Cam-
pomanes, a Spanish naturalist. Nat. ord.,
Myrileblooms [Myrtaceaa]. Linn., 12-
Icosandrici; \-monoyijnia. Allied to Psi-
dium). Its yellow sweet-scented fruit,
called palillo, is eaten by the natives.
Greenhouse evergreen shrub ; cuttings
of rather ripe shoots in sand, under a bell-
glass. Summer temp., 50 to 70 ; win-
ter, 40 to 45.
C. lineatifo'lia (lined-leaved). White. April
Peru. J824.
CAMPTE'RIA. (Stove ferns. Allied to
Pteris and Blechnum [Polypodiacea3].
Linn., 1-Cryptogamia, \-filices). Divi-
sions ; peat and loam. Summer temp.,
60 to 75 ; winter, 45 to 55
C. Uauri'ta (two-eared) Pale yellow and
brown. West Indies. 1824.
nemora'lis (grove). 1^. Brown. June.
Isle of Bourbon. 1823.
CAMPYLA'NTHUS. (From campyks, a
curve, and anthos, a flower. Nat. ord.,
FigworU [ Scrophulariacese]. Linn., 2-
CAM
[ 187]
CAN
Diandria, \-monogynia. Allied to Ge-
rardia). Greenhouse evergreen shrub ;
cuttings in sand of half-ripened shoots,
under a bell-glass ; sandy peat and fibry
loam. Summer temp., 65 to 70 ; win-
ter, 40 to 50.
C salsoloi'des (salsola-like). 1. Purple. March.
Teneriffe. 1825.
CAMPY'LIA. A section of the Pelargo-
niums.
CANADA RICE. Tiza'nia aqua'tica.
CANARI'NA. So named from being a
native of the Canary Islands. Nat. ord.,
JBellworts [Campanulacese]. Linn., 6-
Hexandria, l-monogynia. Allied to Light-
footia). Greenhouse herbaceous peren-
nials ; cuttings of small side shoots in
sandy loam, under a hand-light, but
rather difficult to manage; division of the
roots in spring, just as they begin to grow,
and at that time for a month or two they
like the assistance of a hotbed ; at other
times the common treatment of the green-
house will suit them ; fibry loam, turfy
peat, and a good portion of sand ; pots
well drained.
C. campanula (Campanula). 3. Orange. Janu-
ary. 1696.
Iceviga'ta (smooth). 3. Orange. January.
1825.
CANARY GRASS. Pha'laris.
CANAVA'LIA. (From Canavali, its
native name in Malabar. Nat. prd., Le-
guminous plants [Fabaceae]. Linn., 16-
Monadelphia, Q-decandria. Allied to Dio-
clea). Stove perennial twiners, except
where otherwise specified ; seeds, and
cuttings, in sandy soil, and in heat, under
a bell-glass ; sandy loam. Summer
temp., 60 to 75 ; winter, 50 to 55.
C. bonarie'nsis (Buenos Ayrean). 10. Purple.
July. Buenos Ayres.
gladia'ta (sword-podded}. 6. White red.
June. East Indies. 1790.
obtusifo'lia (twisted-leaved). 6. Purple.
July. East Indies. 1820.
emargina'ta (end-notched-Zeav-
ed). 6. Purple. July. East Indies.
1800.
ro'sea (rose-coloured}. 3. Purple, July.
Jamaica. 1812. Evergreen creeper.
ru'tilans (shining). Scarlet. 1847. Green-
house evergreen twiner.
CANDLEBERRY MYRTLE. My'rica.
CANDO'LLEA. (Named after the great
botanist, Decandolle. Nat ord., Dille-
niads [Dilleniacese]. Linn., IS-Polya-
delphia, 1-polyandria). Greenhouse ever-
green shrubs, from Australia ; cuttings
in sandy peat, under a glass ; sandy peat
and fibry loam. Summer temp., 55 to
70 ; winter, 40 to 45.
C. Bruno' nis (Brown's). 6. Yellow. May.
-cuneifo'rmis (wedge-shaped). 7. Yellow.
IfugtflUi (Hugel's). 6. Yellow. May- 1837.
tetra'ndra (four-stamened). 7. Yellow.
June. 1842.
CANDY CARROT. Athama'nta Mat-
thi'ola.
CANDY-TUFT. Iberis.
CANEL'LA. (From canna, a reed ; the
form of the inner bark when peeled off.
Nat. ord., Cancttads [Canellacese]. Linn.,
\l-Dodecandria, \-monogynia). This is
the wild cinnamon of the West Indies,
on account of its aromatic fragrance.
CaneUa, or white wood bark, yields by
distillation a warm aromatic oil, which is
often mixed with the oil of cloves in the
West Indies. Stove evergreen trees;
cuttings of ripe shoots in sand, under a
;lass, and in bottom heat in April or
Jtay ; sandy loam and fibry peat. Sum-
mer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 50 to 55 .
C. a'lba (white wood-bark}. 40. White. West
Indies. 1735.
lau'rifolia (laurel-leaved). 30. White.
South America. 1820. .
CANKER. This disease is accompanied
by different symptoms, according to the
species of the tree which it infects. In
some of those whose true sap contains a
considerable quantity of free acid, as in
the genus Pyrus, it is rarely accompanied
by any discharge. To this dry form
of the disease it would be well to confine
the term canker. In other trees, with
sap abounding in astringent or gummy
constituents, it is usually attended by a
discharge. In such instances it might
strictly be designated ulcer. This dis-
ease has a considerable resemblance to
the tendency to ossification, which ap-
pears in most aged animals, arising from
their marked tendency to secrete the
calcareous saline compounds that chiefly
constitute their skeletons. The conse-
quence is, an enlargement of the joints
and ossification of the circulatory vessels
and other parts, phenomena very analo-
gous to those attending the cankering
of trees. As in animals, this tendency
is general throughout their system, but,
as is observed by Mr. Knight, " like the
mortification in the limbs of elderly
CAN
[ 188]
CAN
people," it may be determined as to its
point of attack by the irritability of that
part of the system.
This disease commences with an en-
largement of the vessels of the bark of a
"branch or of the stem. This swelling
invariably attends the disease when it
attacks the apple-tree. In the pear the
enlargement is less, yet is always pre-
sent. In the elm and the oak some-
times no swelling occurs; and in the
peach we do not recollect to have seen
any. The swelling is soon communi-
cated to the wood, which if laid open
to view on its first appearance by the
removal of the bark, exhibits no marks
of disease beyond the mere unnatural
enlargement. In the course of a few
years, less in number in proportion to
the advanced age of the tree, and the
unfavourable circumstances under which
it is vegetating, the swelling is greatly
increased in size, and the alburnum has
become extensively dead ; the bark above
it cracks, rises in discoloured scales, and
decays even more rapidly than the wood
beneath. If the canker is upon a mo-
derately-sized branch, the decay soon
completely encircles it, extending through
the whole alburnum and bark. The cir-
culation of the sap being thus entirely
prevented, all the parts above the disease
perish.
Trees injudiciously pruned or growing
upon an ungenial soil are more frequently
attacked than those which are advancing
under contrary circumstances. The
oldest trees are always the first attacked
of those similarly cultivated. The
golden pippin, the oldest existing va-
riety of the apple, is more frequently
and more seriously attacked than any
other. The soil has a very considerable
influence in inducing the disease. If
the subsoil be an irony gravel, or if it
is not well drained, the canker is almost
certain to make its appearance amongst
the trees they sustain, however young
and vigorous they were when first
planted.
Bruises and wounds of all kinds
usually are followed by canker in the
wounded part, if the tree is tending to
this disease.
All these facts before us unite in as-
suring us that the canker arises from
the tree's weakness, from a deficiency
in its vital energy, and consequent in-
ability to imbibe and elaborate the
nourishment necessary to sustain its
frame in vigour, and much less to supply
the healthy development of new parts.
It is quite true that over-luxuriant
trees are particularly liable to this dis-
ease ; but over-luxuriance is really a
demonstration that the tree does not
digest and secrete its juices healthily.
If over-luxuriance threaten to intro-
duce canker, the best remedy is to re-
move some of the main roots of the
tree, and to be particularly careful not
to add any manure to the soil within
their range. On the contrary, it will be
well if the continued exuberant growth
shows the necessity for the staple of the
soil to be reduced in fertility by the
admixture of one less fertile, or even of
drift sand. If there be an excess of
branches, the saw and the pruning-knife
must be gradually applied. It must be
only a tree of very , weak vital powers,
such as is the golden pippin, that will
bear the general cutting of the annual
shoots. A vigorous variety would ex-
haust itself the following year in the
production of fresh wood. Nothing
beyond a general rule for the pruning
can be laid down ; keep a considerable
vacancy between every branch, both
above and beneath it, and especially
provide that not even two twigs shall
chafe against each other. The greater
the intensity of light, and the freer the
circulation of air amongst the foliage of
the tree, the better the chance for its
healthy vegetation. If the disease being
in a fruit tree be a consequence of old
age, it is probably premature, and in-
duced by injudicious management, for
very few of our varieties are of an age
that insure to them decrepitude. We
have never yet known a tree, unless in
the last stage of decay, that could not
be greatly restored by giving it more air
and light, by careful heading in pruning,
improvement of the soil, and cleansing
the bark.
If the soil by its ungenial character
induces the diseases, the obvious and
only remedy is its amelioration ; and if
the subsoil is the cause of the mischief,
the roots must be prevented striking
CAN
[189]
CAN
into it. In all cases it is the best prac-
tice to remove the tap root. If the trees
are planted shallow, as they ought to
be, and the surface kept duly fertile,
there is not much danger of the roots
striking into the worse pasturage of the
subsoil.
Scrubbing the bark of the stem and
branches with a mixture of soapsuds and
urine, and, where any pruning has
taken place, keeping the wounds covered
with a mixture of clay and cow-dung are
the best local applications. "We once
thought resinous plasters the best, but
subsequent experiments have altered
our opinion.
The canker in the auricula is a rapidly-
spreading ulcer, which, destroying the
whole texture of the plant where it oc-
curs, prevents the rise of the sap. Some
gardeners believe it to be infectious, and
therefore destroy the specimen in which
it occurs, unless it be very valuable ;
but this we believe to be erroneous, the
reason of the disease appearing to be
infectious, or epidemic, being, that it oc-
curs to many when they are subjected
to the same injurious treatment.
It appears to be caused by the appli-
cation of too much water, especially if
combined with superabundant nourish-
ment. Therefore, although cutting out
the decaying part, when it first appears,
and applying to the wound some finely-
powdered charcoal, will effect a cure if
the disease has not penetrated too deeply,
yet it will be liable to return imme-
diately if a less forcing mode of culture
be not adopted. No auricula will suffer
from this disease if it be shifted an-
nually, and the tap root at the time of
moving be shortened ; a thorough system
of draining being adopted, and excessive
damp during the winter being prevented
by proper shelter.
Parsley grown in a poor soil is also
liable to canker in the winter. Mr.
Barnes says he never found any appli-
cation which eradicated this disease so
effectually as a mixture in equal parts
of soot and slacked lime, thrown over the
plants. The cure is complete in a few
days, the vigour of the plants restored,
indicating that this species of ulcera-
tion arises from deficient nourishment.
The tubers of the potato also are
liable to the speck, black spot, or canker,
a disease which we once thought occa-
sioned by the calcareous earth, lime, or
chalk, contained by the soil ; but on more
lengthened observation, we find it in all
soils, and in seasons characterised by
opposite extremes of wetness and dry-
ness ; hence we are induced to consider
that the disease arises from some defect
in the sets employed, or to potatoes
being grown too often on the same site.
It is quite certain that in ground tired
of potatoes the disease most extensively
appears. This suggests that it is occa-
sioned by a deficiency of some consti-
tuent in the soil, a suggestion confirmed
by the fact, that in the fields of the
market-gardeners near London, which
are supplied without stint with the most
fertilizing manure, this disease of the
potato comparatively is unknown.
The stems of succulent plants, such as
the cacti, mesembryanthemums, and the
balsam, as well as the fruit of the cu-
cumber and melon, and the stalk of the
grape, are all liable to canker in some
form.
CA'NNA. Indian Shot. (The Celtic
name for a cane, or reed. Nat. ord.,
Mar ants [Marantaceas]. Linn., 1-Dian-
dria, \-Monogynid). Stove herbaceous
perennials. Divisions of the root ; seed
sown in hotbed ; rich open loamy soil.
Summer temp., 60 to 80; winter, 50
to 55.
C. achi'ras (Achiras).) 5. Dark red. August
Isle of Mendoza. 1829.
angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 2. Scarlet.
April. South America. 1824.
auranti'aca (orange). 4. Orange. De-
cember. Brazil. 1824.
ca'rnea (flesh-coloured) . 4. Flesh. De-
cember. Brazil. 1822.
cocci' nea (scarlet). 2. Scarlet. December.
South America. 1731.
compa'cta (compact). 2. Red. April.
East Indies. 1820.
crrfcea (saffron-coloured) . 2. Red. May.;i823.
denuda'ta (naked). 2. Scarlet. June.
Brazil. 1818.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 3. Red.
May. Brazil. 1818.
di'scolor (two - coloured - leaved] . 10.
Scarlet. November. Trinidad. 1827.
edu'lis (eatable). 3. Red. September.
Peru. 1820.
esculcfnta (esculent). 4. Red. December.
South America. 1822.
exctflsa (lofty). 16. Scarlet. January.
Brazil. 1820-
fla'ccida (weak). 5. Red. July. South
Carolina. 1788.
CAN
[ 190]
CAP
C. giga'ntea (gigantic). 5. Red yellow. De-
cember. South Europe. 1809.
glau'ca (milky-green). 2. Yellow. January.
South America. 1730.
ru' bra lit! tea (yellow and red). 4.
Yellowish red/ August. Jamaica.
1834.
. ru'fa (reddish brown). 2. Brown.
July. South America.
i'ndica (Indian). 2. Scarlet. December.
India. 1570.
macula' ta (spotted). 2. Reddish
yellow. December. India.
iridijfo'ra (Iris-flowered). 6. lied. Decem-
ber. Peru. 1816.
jufncea (rush-like). 1. Red. May. Indies.
lagune'mls (Laguna). 5. Yellow. Sep-
tember. Laguna. 1828.
Lambe'rti (Lambert's). 4. Scarlet. May.
Trinidad. 1819.
lanceola'ta (spear-/ewd). 3. Red. De-
cember. Brazil. 1825.
lanugino'sa (woolly). 6. Scarlet. April.
Marant. 1823.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 10. Pink. De-
cember. Brazil. 1820.
limba' ta (bordered). 3. Red. December.
Brazil. 1818.
lu'tea (yellow). 2. Yellow. October. East
Indies. 1829.
occidentn'lis (western). 3. Reddish yellow.
June. West Indies. 1822.
oricHta'lis (eastern). 4. Red. June. East
Indies. 1820.
fla'va (yellow). 4. Yellow.
June. East Indies. 1820.
macula' ta (spotted) . Scarlet yel-
low. August. East Indies. 1570.
na'Uida (pzle-Jloiccrhiff}. 4. Pale yellow.
June. West Indies. 1820.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 3. Yel-
low. June. West Indies. 1820.
pa' tens spreading). 2. Reddish yellow.
May. RioJaneira. 1778.
peduncula' ta (long - flower - stalked) . 6.
Orange. October. 1820.
poli/mo' rpha (many-formed). 3. Red. De-
cember. South America. 1825.
Ree'vesii (Reeve's). 5. Yellow. May.
China. 1835.
rw'ira(red). 3. Red. December. West
Indies. 1820.
rubricau' Us (red-stemmed). 3. Red. May.
1821.
sangui! 'nea (bloody).
South America.
specio'sa (showy). 3.
America. 1820,
- sylve'strts (wild). 5.
South America.
variu'Ulis (variable).
India. 1822.
CANNON-BALL TREE. Le'cythis. ^
CANTERBURY BELLS. Campanula
medium.
CA'NTHIUM. (From Coftttx, its Mala-
bar name. Nat. ord., Cinchmads [Cin-
chonacese]. Linn., 5 - Pentandria, 1-
Monogynia. Allied to Psychotria.]. Be-
4. Red.
1820.
December.
Red. August. South
Scarlet. December.
1820.
3. Red. December.
sides its beauty, it is one of tbose reme-
dial agents for which Cinchonads are so
much celebrated. A stove evergreen
shrub. Cuttings of half- ripened shoots,
in sandy soil, under a glass ; rich fibry
sandy loam. Summer temp., 60 to 70;
winter, 40 to 45.
C. du'Uum (doubtful). 3. White. July.
East Indies. 1824.
CA'NTUA. (Cantu is the Peruvian name.
Nat. ord., Phloxworts [Polemoniacese].
Linn., 5 - Pentandria, 1 - Monogynia).
Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Cut-
tings in sand, under glass ; sandy loam
and peat. Winter temp., 40 to 45.
C bi' color (two-coloured). 4. Reddish yel-
low. May. Peru. 1846.
m/ri/o' lia (pear-leaved) . 3. Cream. March.
Peru. 1846.
CAPE JASMINE. Garde 'ma florida.
CAPE PHILLY'REA. Cassi'ne cape mis.
CA'PPARIS. Caper Tree. (From kabar,
the Arabic name for capers. Nat. ord.,
Capparids [Capparidaceae]. Linn., 13-
Polyandria. l-monogynia}. The flower
buds of C. spinosa form a well known
pickle. Stove evergreen shrubs, except
where otherwise specified. Cuttings of
ripe shoots in sand, under a glass, in
moist heat ; sandy loam and fibry peat.
All require protection, and most of them
the usual treatment of the plant stove.
C acumina'ta (long-pointed-/eared). 6. White.
East Indies. 1822.
ccgyptl'aca (.Egyptian). 3. White. Egypt.
1822.
amygdali'na (Almond -like). 6. White.
West Indies. 1818.
aphi/lln (leafless). 4. White. East Indies.
1822.
auricula' ta (eared). 6. White.
Bra'ssii (Brass's). 4. WTiite. Gold Coast.
1793.
Srefynia (Breynius's). 11. White. West In-
dies. 1752.
ch in* nsis( Chinese). 4. White. July. South
America. 1827.
cynoplutUo'phora (Dog - phallus - bearing.
Jlay-lcavcd). 8. Green white. West
Indies. 1752.
Eustachia'na (St. Eustach's). 6. Striped. St.
Eustach. 1822.
fcrrvgi'nca (rusty). 4. White. Jamaica.
frondo'sa (leafy).' 7. Green. Carthagena.
1800.
herba' cea (herbaceous) . 2. White. Tauria.
1818. Herbaceous half-hardy.
jamaictnsis (Jamaica). 4. White. Jamaica.
linea'ris (narrow-fcaved) . 15. White. West
Indies. 1793.
maria'na (Marianne island). 4. White. Ti-
mor. 20.
CAP
CAT
C. odorati'ssima (sweetest-scented). 6. White.
Caraccas. 1814.
ova' ta (egg-shape-leaved). 3. White. July.
South of Europe. Half-hardy deci-
duous.
pelta'ta (shield-teamed). 6. White. Trinidad.
1827.
pulche'rrima (fairest). 10. White. Cartha-
gena. 1700.
salt' gna (Willow-leaved). 8. White. Santa
Cruz. 1807.
sepia' ria (hedge). 4. White. East Indies.
1823.
spino'sa (common spiny). 3. White. June.
South of Europe. 1596. Half-hardy
deciduous.
tenuisi'liqua (slender-podded). 6. White.
Caraccas. 1823.
tomlo'sa (twisted-podded). 6. White. West
Indies. 1822.
triflo'ra (three-flowered). 4. White. South
America.
undula' ta (waved). 6. White.
verruca' sa (warty -podded). 8. White.
Carthagena. 1820.
zeyla'nica (Ceylon). 6. White. Ceylon. 1819.
CAPRIFO'LIUM. Honeysuckle. (From
caper, a goat, and folium, a leaf, poetically
goat-leaf, for its climbing habit. Nat.
ord., Capri/oils [Caprifoliaceas]. Linn.,
5-Pentandria, \-monogynia. Allied to
Lonicera). All deciduous and twiners ex-
cept where otherwise specified. Cuttings
of ripened shoots taken off in autumn
and inserted in a shady border ; tender
and scarcer kinds should have the as-
sistance of a hand-light, as the wood is
generally pithy. The most successful
mode of propagating out of doors, is by
layers in autumn after the leaves have
commenced falling. Common soil.
HARDY.
C. dim' cum (dioDcious). 6. Purple. June. North
America. 1776.
Dougla'ssii (Douglass's). 20. Orange. July.
North America. 1824. Climber.
etntscum (Etruscan). 15. Orange. May.
Italy.
fla'vum (yellow). 10. Yellow. May, Caro-
lina. 1810.
hirstftum (hairy. leaved). 20. Yellow. May.
Canada. 1822.
hispi'dulum (rather bristly). Rose. July.
South America. 1833.
gra'tum (pleasant). 20. Red. July. North
America. 1730. Evergreen.
ita'licum (Italian). 10. Purple yellow. June.
England.
ru'brum (red Italian). 10. Red.
June. South Europe.
longiflo' rum (long - flowered). Yellow-
white. July. China. 1826. Climber.
occidenta'le (western). 20. Orange. July.
Ft. Vancouver. 1824.
.Periclyme'num (Woodbine). 20. Yellow.
June. Britain.
C. Periclyme'num Be'lgica (Dutch). 20. Yel-
low. June.
quercifo'lium (Oak -leaved).
20. Yellow-red. June.