roots like tiles on a roof. Nat. ord.,
Irids [Iridacea?,]. Linn., S-Triandri.
I-Mohoyynia. Allied to Trichouema.)
Half-hardy bulbs from Cape of Good Hope.
Except when planted out on a border, in front
of a greenhouse, the roots should be planted in
a handful of white sand ; offsets ; sandy peat,
with a little loam ; must be kept from the frost
in winter.
G. cilia'ris (hair- fringed). 1. May.
ere'cta (upright). Yellow, blue. May. 1824.
exci'sa (abrupt-fcaued). 4. White. May.
1/89-
hi'rta (hairy). 1. White. May. 1825.
hu'mUis (humble), Yellow, rose. May.
1822.
QKI
[ 410 J
G.imbrifiu'ta (imbricated). 1. Variegated.
May. 1825.
ju'jicea (rush-Jike). 1. White. July. 1822.
Laro'chei (De la Roche's). . Violet. May.
1/90.
obtusa'ta (blunted; . 1. Yellow. May. 1801.
(si&e-fioivering] . 1. White. May.
albe'scens (whitish). 1. White.
May. 1795.
cacru'lea (blue). 1. Blue. May.
1795.
seta'cea, (bristle-leaved). 1. Sulphur. July.
1809.
sublu'tea (yellowish). 1. Yellow. May. 1825.
vagina 1 ta (sheathed). l. Yellow, blue.
May. 1824.
GF/LA. (From 'jelt-n, to shine; re-
ferring to the surface of the leaves.
Nat. orcl., Rueworts [Paitaceee]. Linn.,
X-Octandria l-Monoyynia.')
Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Cuttings of
half ripened shoots, iii May, under a hand-
light, in sandy soil ; sandy peat. Winter
temp., 38 to 45.
G. lunceala'ta (spear-head -leaved) . 4. Yellow.
Cochin China, 1820.
oblongifo' lia (oblong-leaved). 6. White,
green. June. New Holland. 1823.
GELASI'NE. t From gclasinos, a smiling
dimple, referring to tide flowers of these
pretty bulbs. Nat. ord, Irids [Iri-
daceao]. Linn., '3-Tnandria \-Monotjy-
nla. Allied to Trichonema.)
A bulb, from the Rio Grande in South Ame-
rica, almost, if not altogether, hardy ; but we
fear it has been lost at the dispersion of Dr.
Herbert's collection, who had dry specimens of
five more species of Gelasine. Nuttal's Nemo-
stylis is the nearest genus to it, but Tricho-
nema, so well known, will give a good idea of
it; light sandy soil suits them best ; they seed
freely, and seedlings flower the second season
from the sowing, and like most Irids they in-
crease by offset bulbs.
Gi azu'rea (blue). 1. Blue. May. South
America. 1838.
GENI'PA. Genip-tree. (From Gene-
papa, the native name. Nat. ord., Cln-
clioiKuls [Ginchonacete]. b-PcfilandriK
]-j\fonc><i;/)ii((. Allied to Gardenia.)
The Genipap, a South American fruit, is
produced by G. Americana ; it is as large as an
orange, and much esteemed. Stove evergreen
trees. Cuttings of shoots just getting a little
firm, in May, in sand, under a bell-glass, and
in bottom heat ; peat and loam, with a little
sand and cow-dung. Summer temp., 6(1 tu
80 ; winter, 45 to 50.
G. America' na (American). 30. Pale yellow.
South America. 1779-
edu'lis (eatable). 30. White. Guiana. 1824.
escule'nta (eatable). 20. China. 1823.
Meria'ncE (Merian's). 10. White. Cay-
enne; 1800.
G. oblongifo' lia (oblong-leaved). 20. Yellow.
Peru. 1821.
GENI'STA. (From the Celtic yen, a
small bush. Nat. ord., Leguminous
plant* [Fabaceie]. Linn., U]-Mona
th'lphia i)~Dccandria. Allied to Spar
tium.)
Low shrubs, all with yellow flowers, good for
making quickly an ornamental appearance in
a shrubbery. The greenhouse and half -hardy
kinds like peat and loam, with a little sand and
leaf mould, and are propagated by cuttings of
the young shoots, in summer, in sand, under a
bell-glass. The hardy kinds are easily pro-
pagated by seed, and the most rare by cuttings,
under a hand-light, after April, in a shady
place. Whatever plan is adopted, they should
be frequently transplanted, or at once removed
to their position in the shrubbery, as they make
long naked roots. Canar tennis is about the best
of me greenhouse ones, and that in a dry place
requires only a little protection out of doors.
Lusitanica, and radiata, look interesting, even
in winter, when the leaves are gone. Angelica
is the rough-looking spring dwarf bush that
blooms so freely in our moist moors. Tinctoriu
is used in all its parts, for producing a yellow
dye ; and on a rock work, or on the top of a
mound, with its branches allowed to creep
downwards, few things in spring, and the be-
ginning of summer are more splendid than the
trailing triquetra, and its next door neighbour,
triangular is. Common loamy soil s.uits all the
hardy ones.
GREENHOUSE DECIDUOUS-.
G. conge'sta (close-branched). 4. June. Tene"
riffe.
monospe'rma (single-seeded). 4. July.
South Europe. 1690.
spheeroca'rpa (round-podded). 4. July.
South Europe. 1/31.
GREENHOUSE EVERGREENS.
G. bracteola'ta (small-bracted). 2. May. 1823.
Canarie'nsis (Canary). 2. June. Canaries.
1659.
clava'ta (club -leaved;. 3. June. Mogadore.
1812.
fe'rox (fierce). l. July. Barbary. 1800.
linifo 'I ia (Flax-leaved). 3. June. Spain.
1739.
spachia'na (Spachs). 2. Canaries.
umbdla'tu (umbelled). 3. June. Barbary.
1799-
HARDY DECIDUOrS.
G. aphij'lla (leafless). 4. Violet. July. Siberia.
1800.
humifu'sa (trailing). 1. July. France.
1819. Trailer.
Svo'rpiiis (Scorpion). 4. April. South
Europe. 15/0.
tetrago'nu ^ (four-angled-ira/i^Aff/). 1. July.
Podolia. 1822. Trailer.
virga'ta (long-twigged). 6. June. Ma-
deira. 1/77.
HARDY EVERGREEN.
G. tf/me'eis(Etna). 3. July. Sicily. 1816.
GEN
[417]
GEN
G. A'nglica (English.
Britain.
angula'ta (angled). 3.
1/39.
Petti/whin). 2. July.
June. Maryland.
Anxa'ntica (Anxantic). 4. July. Italy. 1818.
ca'ndicans (whitish). 2. May. Spain. 1735.
cine' rea (greyish). 4. July. South Europe.
decu'mbens (decumbent). . June. Bur-
gundy. 1775. Trailer.
dlffu'sa (spreading). 3. June. Hungary.
1816.
flo'rida (flowery). 6. July. Spain. 1752.
Germa'nica (German). 2. July. Germany.
1773.
- ine'rmis (nearly- unarmed). 2.
July. Germany.
Hispa'nica (Spanish). 2. July. Spain. 1/sg.
ho'rrida (horrid). 3. July. Pyrenees. 1821.
Ita'lica (Italian). 3. July. Italy.
Lusita'nica (Portuguese). 2. May. Por-
tugal. 1771.
Ma'ntica (Mantic). 3. July. South Europe.
1816.
ova'ta (.egg-leaved). 3. July. Hungary.
1816.
parviflo'ra (small-flowered). 3. July. South
Europe. 1817-
pa'tens (spreading). 2. June. Spain.
pa 1 tula (spreading). 3. July. Caucasus.
1818.
pilo'sa (downy. Green weed}. 6.
England.
polygalcefo'lia (Polygala-leaved). 3.
Spain. 1820.
procu'mbens dying-down). l
gary. 1816. Trailer.
radia'ta (rayed). l. July.
sugitta'lis (a.rro\v-jointed~). .
many. 1570.
- mi 1 nor (less). May. Trailer.
*- scurio'sa (membranous). 6. July. Italy.
1821.
seri'cea (silky). 3. June. Austria. 1812.
Sibi'rica (Siberian). 2. July. Siberia. 1/85.
sylve'stris (wood). 2. July. Hungary. 1818.
tincto'ria (dyer's. Green weed). 3. July.
Britain.
- flo're ple'no (double-flowered). 2.
July.
July.
Italy.
June.
June.
July.
Hun-
1758.
Ger-
- Mr su'ta (somewhat hairy). 2. July.
Britain.
latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 2. July.
Auvergne. 1824.
pratc'nsis (meadow). 2. July.
Italy.
triaca'nthos (three-spined). 2. July. Spain.
interru'pta (interrupted). 2.
May. Tangier.
triangula'ris (three-angled-stewraerf). 2.
June. Hungary. 1815.
Mque'tra (three - cornered - stemmed"). 3.
June. Corsica. 1770.
GENTIA'NA. Gentian. (Named after
Gentius, King of Illyria, who first ex-
perienced the virtue of Gentian. Nat.
ord., Gentian worts [Gentiaftaceoe].
Linn .,5- Pen tandria 2 Digyn la. )
The roots of G. lutea is the true gentian of
the druggists, an intense bitter, only exceeded
by that of Aletris farinosa, a little North Ame-
rican Bloodroot, the most intense bitter known,
and by Quassia amara. The smaller kinds may
be treated as Alpines; and whether grown in
pots or not, a little heat and sandy leaf-mould
should be given them. All may be propagated
by seed sown as soon as ripe ; the perennials,
also, by division in spring. Some of the creep-
ing low-growing kinds, as acaulis, make nice
edgings to walks and borders.
HAEDY ANNUALS.
G. Amare'lla (Amarella). . Purple. August.
Britain.
- lu'tea (yellow). . Yellow. Au-
gust.
angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). \. Purple.
July. North America. 1812.
Carinthi'aca (Carinthian). 4. Blue. Au-
gust. Switzerland. 1817-
Germa'nica (German). $. Blue. August.
Germany. 1818.
glacia'lis (icy). $. Blue. July. Alps. 181Q.
hu'milis (humble). . Purple. April.
Caucasus. 1824.
niva'lis (snowy). $. Blue. August. Scotland.
obtusifo'lia (blunt - leaved). \. Yellow.
July. Switzerland. 1826.
prate'nsis (meadow). ^. Blue. July. Si-
beria. 1817-
HAKDY BIENNIALS.
G. barba'ta (bearded). . Blue. August.
Siberia. 1/64.
Cauca'sica (Caucasian). . Violet. July.
Caucasus. 1804.
confe'rta (crowded). Blue. August. Altaia;
1827.
crini'ta (long- haired). . Blue. July.
North America. 1804.
- uligino'sa (marshy). Blue. August. Ger-
many. 1827.
uniflo'ra (one-flowered). Violet. July. Car-
pathian Mountains. 1828.
HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS.
G. cesti'va (summer). 4. Blue. July. Austria*
1818.
aeatt's(stemless. Gentianella). 4. Blue.
May. Wales.
- angustifo'lia (narrow - leaved). $.
Blue. May. Alps. 1819.
adsce'ndens (ascending), f. Blue. July.
Siberia. 1/99.
- ,, . decu'mbens (decumbent). .
Blue. June. Siberia. 1/99-
a'lgida (cold). A. White. July. Siberia.
1808.
Alpi'na (Alpine). $. Blue. July. Alps.
1817-
Alta'ica( Altaic). 1. Purple. May. Sibe-
ria. 1824.
angulo'sa (angled). . Purple. Altai.
1824.
usclepia'dea (Swallow- wort- like). 1. Blue;
July. Austria. 1629.
- - ma'jor (greater). 2. Blue. July;
- ochroleu'ca (yellowish- white). 1.
Cream. July.
au'rea (golden). .
Norway. 1823.
Bava'rica (Bavarian).
Germany. 1/75.
Yellow. August.
\, Blue. July.
2 E
GEN
[418 ]
GEO
G. bilo'ba (two-lobed). 2J. Yellow. July.
Alps. 1820.
Burse 1 ri (Burser's). 2. Yellow. July. Py-
renees. 1820.
campanula'ta (bell-flowered). 2. Sulphur.
July. Switzerland. 1819.
Catesbat'a (Catesby's). 1}. Blue. July.
North America. 1803.
cilia' tu (hair- fringed). ^. Blue. July.
Germany. 1759.
clava'ta (studded). |. Blue. 1820.
crucia'ta (crossed). 1. Dark blue. July.
Austria. 1596.
fimbria'ta (fringed). \, Blue. August.
Caucasus. 1818.
fri'gida (frigid). . White. July. Syria.
1817-
Ge'bleri (Gebler's). Blue. August. Russia.
1832.
ge'lida (ice-cold). 1. Blue. July. Siberia.
1807.
hy'brida (hybrid). 2j. Yellow, purple.
July. Switzerland. 1817-
imbrica'ta (imbricated). . Blue. July.
Switzerland. 181p.
incarnu'ta (flesh-coloured) . 2. Pink. Sep-
tember. North America. 1812.
interme'dia (intermediate). 2. Purple. Sep-
tember. North America. 1820.
linea'ris (narrow-leaved) . 1. Blue. August.
Carolina. 1816.
lu'tea (yellow). 4. Yellow. July. Alps.
1596.
macrophy'lla (large-leaved). 1. Blue, July.
Siberia. 1796.
ochroleu'ca (cream-flowered) . 2. Yellowish.
August. North America. 1803.
Panno'nica (Pannonian). 1. Purple. July.
Alps.
plebe'ia (vulgar). f. Dark blue. July.
Germany. 1834.
pneumona'nthe (wind-flower). $. Blue.
August. England.
flo're a'lbo (white-flowered).
i. White, green. August. Germany.
1834.
gutta'ta (spotted). . Blue.
August.
pse'udo-pneumo-na'nthe (Bastard-wind flow-
er). . Blue. August. North America.
1800.
pu'mila (dwarf). . Blue. May. Switzer-
land. 1817.
puncta'ta (spotted-flowered). 3. Yellow.
July. Alps. 1775.
purpu'rea (purple). 3. Blue. July. Alps.
1768.
flo're a'lbo (white- flowered). 2.
White. July. European Alps. 1823.
Pyrena'ica (Pyrenean). 4. Blue. July.
Pyrenees. 1825.
quinqueflo'ra (five-flowered). ;|. Blue. Au-
gust. North America. 1824.
sapona'ria (Soap-wort-leavrd}. 2. Blue.
August. North America. 1//6.
flo'ro a'lbo (white-flowered). 4-
White. September. North America.
1826.
septc'mfida (seven-cleft), if. Blue. July.
Persia. 1804.
. gutta'ta (spotted). $. Blue.
June. Levant. 1804.
G. septe'mfida cauca'su-a (Caucasian). Blue.
August. Caucasus.
triflo'ra (three-flowered). . Blue. July.
Siberia. 1807-
umbella'ta (umbelled). ^. Purple. June.
Caucasus. 1823.
utriculo'sa (bladdery). ^. Purple. April.
South Europe. 1822.
ve'rna (spring). |. Blue. May. England.
flo're a'lbo (white - flowered). $.
White. April.
GEOFFKO'YA. Bastard Cabbage tree.
(Named after Dr. Geoff roy, of Paris,
author of " Materia Medica." Nat. ord.,
Leguminous plants [Fabaceae]. Linn.,
17-Diadelphia k-Pcntagynla. Allied to
Andira.)
Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of ripened
shoots, in sand, in peat, and under a bell-glass ;
peat and loam. Summer temp., 60 to 75;
winter, 48 to 55.
G. J3raferae'#en(Bredemeyer's). Yellow. July.
Caraccas. 1824.
spino'sa (spined). 30. Yellow. South
America. 1818.
viola'cea (violet). 20. Violet. Guiana. 1823.
GEOME'TEA. The Amphida'sis and
Hyberna'ria of some entomologists, is
a genus of moths; including G. polo-
sa'ria, Pale Brindled Beauty Moth
which appears in March ; eggs depo-
sited in bands round a twig, as clone by
the Lacky Moth. Caterpillars appear
with the opening leaves of the elm,
lime, lilac, and apple tree. They are
at first a light green.
<!. tfefolia'ria, Lime Looper, or Mot-
tled IJnibre Moth, feeds on the leaves
of the lime and apple. Moth appears
in November. Caterpillar reddish,
with a bright yellow stripe on each
side. Female moth has no wings, so
that a piece of cloth dipped in tar and
bound round a tree's stem prevents its
ascent.
G. pinia'ria attacks the pine and fir
tribe.
GEO'NOMA. (From yeonomos, skilled
in agriculture ; as much as to say that
only a skilful planter could increase
these palms. Nat. ord., Palms [Palm
acese]- Linn., %%-Dlccc'm (\-JIcxandrw.
Allied to Borassus.)
Stove palms. Seed; rich sandy loaui. Sum-
mer temp., 60 to 80; winter, 55 to 60.
G. acuu'lis (stemless). 5. Brazil. 1823.
mttcrosta'cfiys (large-spiked). 5. Brazil.
1823.
pinna' tifrons (leaflet-leaved). 15. CaraccaH,
1821.
GEO
C
GER
G. Schottia'na(Scbott's). Brazil. 1820.
simpli'cifrons (simple-leaved). 5. Trinidad.
1818.
Spixia'na (Spix's). 15. Brazil. 1824.
GEORGI'NA. Attempts were made
some years since to substitute this
name for that of Dahlia, but the law of
priority settles the question. Dahlia
was named by the Spanish botanist
Cavanilles in 1701, and neither Willde-
now nor Sprengel's Georgina appeared
for more than eighty years subsequently.
GERA'NIUM. Crane's Bill. (From
Geranos, a crane, referring to the beak-
like torus, or projection beyond the
seeds. Nat. ord., CrancsbiUs [Gera-
niacea?]. Linn., IQ-Monadelphia 6-De-
candria.}
A very few require the pit or greenhouse in
winter, and these should have equal portions of
peat, loam, leaf-mould, and sand. Almost all
are hardy, and flourish in common ground ;
many grow under the shade of trees and hedges,
and thus secure a portion of vegetable earth.
There are worse things than the common weed
Robertianum, for twining itself round the sides
of a rustic basket, or crawling over a rockwork.
The following are a few of the best for gardens
Mexicanum, rubifolium, sanguineum, Lan-
castriense, WaUichianum,pratense flore plena,
Dahuricum, pilosum, and cristatum. There
is hardly an annual worth sowing.
HALF HARDY HERBACEOUS.
G. aconitifo'lium (Aconite-leaved) . 14. White.
June. Switzerland. 17/5.
arge'nteum (silvery - leaved), ^. Striped.
July. South Europe. 1699.
c'ine'scens (hoary). . Pink. June. Cape
of Good Hope. 1787.
inca'num (hoary many-cleft). . Pink. June.
Cape of Good Hope. 1701.
Mexica'num (Mexican). 1. Pale puqple.
August. Mexico. 1832.
HAEDY ANNUALS.
I'inu-gino'sum (woolly). Rose. July. North
America. 1817.
pn'llens (pale). Pale. June. Iberia. 1827.
HARDY HERBACEOUS.
G. uffi'ne (related), l. Blue. June. Altaia.
1832.
albiflo'rnm (white-flowered). l. Whitish.
July. North America. 1827.
Alta'icum (Altaic). l. Pale red. July.
Altaia. 1818.
anemonefo' Hum (Anemone-leaved). 3. Red.
August. Madeira. 1788. Greenhouse
evergreen.
angula'tum (angular-stalked), I. Purple.
June. 1/89.
asphodeloi'des (Asphodel-like). Levant. 1828.
batradiioi'des (Batrachium-like). 1. Blue.
July. Europe. 1817-
caent'leum (blue). 1. Blue. July, Dahuria.
1824.
G. cine'reum (grey). 1. Red. August. Pyrenees.
colli'num (hill). 1. Purple. July. Siberia.
1815.
crista'tum (crested). l. Red. July. Ibe-
ria. 1820.
Dahu'ricum (Dahurian). 1. Purple. June.
Dahuria. 1820.
ena'nthum (woolly-flowered). 2. Crimson.
June. California. 1839.
erioste'mon (woolly-stemmed). lzj>. Blue.
July. Siberia. 1822.
pa'llidum (pale). l. Pale blue.
August. Nepaul. 1822.
fu'scum (brown). l. Brown. July. South
Europe. 1759.
gymnocau'lon (naked-stemmed). 1. Blue.
July. Iberia. 1814.
Ibt'ricum (Iberian). l. Blue. July. Le-
vant. 1802.
Lamb'erti (Lambert's). l. Red. July.
Nepaul. 1824.
Lancastrie'nse (Lancaster). . Striped.
June. Britain. Trailer.
lo'ngipes (long-stalked). 1. Lilac. July.
1823.
lu'cidum (shining). . Pink. June. Bri-
tain.
macrorhi'zum (large-rooted). l. Purple.
June. Italy. 1 576.
macula'tum (spotted). 3. Purple. July.
North America. 1732.
multi'fidum (much-cut). 1. Red. August.
Cape of Good Hope. 1817-
nemoro'sum (grove). 1. Purple. July.
Italy. 1821.
Nepaule'nse (Nepaulese). . Red. June.
Nepaul. 1818.
palu'stre (marsh). 2. Purple. July. Ger-
many. 1732.
parviflo'rum (small-flowered), f. Purple.
June. Van Dieman's Land. 1816.
phee'um (dusky). 1$. Black. May. England.
pilo'sum (shaggy). J. Purple. July. New
Zealand. 1821.
prate'nse (meadow. Crowfoot-leaved). 14.
Blue. June. Britain.
flo're a'lbo (white-flowered). l.
White. June. Britain.
flo're a'lbo ple'no (double white-
flowered). 2. White. May. Britain.
flo're ple'no (double-flowered). 2.
Blue. June. Scotland.
flo're variega'ta (variegated-flower-
ed), l^. Variegated. July. Britain.
Pyrena'icum (Pyrenean). 1. Purple. June.
Britain.
refle'xum (bent-back-./?ottfem). l. Red.
July. Italy. 1758.
Robertia'num (Herb Robert). 1. Red.
April. Britain.
fin' re a'lbo (white-flowered). 1.
White. April. Britain.
rubifo'lium (Bramble -leaved). 1. Pink.
July. Himalayas. 1839-
sangui'neum (bloody). 1. Crimson. July.
Britain.
villosi'ssimum (hairiest). $.
Blood. July. Europe. Trailer.
Sibe'ricum (Siberian). 1. White. July.
Siberia. 1758.
stria' turn (channelled). 1. Striped, Au-
gust. Italy. 1629-
GER
[ 420 ]
GES
G. tubero'sum (tuberose - rooted}. 1. Pink.
July. Italy. 15Q6.
ramo'sum (branching). 1. Purple.
July. South Europe.
umbro'sum (shaded). 1. Purple. July.
Hungary. 1804.
Vlassovia'num (Vlassov's). 1. Red. July.
Crimea. 1821.
Wallichia'num (Wallich's). $. Striped.
July. Nepaul. 1819.
GERA'IIDIA, (Named after Gerard,
the English herbalist. Nat. ord., Fig-
worts [Scrophulariacere]. Linn., 14-
Didyiiamia S-Anylospcrmia.}
All but delphinifolia from North America.
Annuals, biennials, and perennials by seed, in
sandy peat ; perennials and biennials also by
cuttings in sandy peat, under a hand-light;
such as quercifolia, by divisions in spring;
sandy fibry loam, if peat is not to be had ; the
stove species requires similar treatment, but
extra heat.
STOVE HERBACEOUS.
G. delphinifo'lia (Larkspur-leaved). 2. Pink.
July. East Indies. 1800.
HARDY ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS.
G. aphy'lla (lenfiess-stemmed). 3. Rose. July.
1934. Annual.
mari'tima (sea-side). 2. Yellow. July. 1823.
pedicula'ria (Pedicularis - like). 'Yellow.
June. 1826,
purpu'rea (purple). l. Purple. July. U72.
tenuifo'lia (slender - leaved). 1. Purple.
July. 1812.
HARDY HERBACEOUS.
G.fta'ua. (yellow). l. Yellow. July. 1796.
yuercifo'lia (Oak-leaved). 1. Yellow. July.
1812.
GERBE'RA. (Named after Gcrbcr, a
German naturalist. Nat ord., Compo-
sites [Asteraceaai]. Linn., W-Synyc-
ncsia S-Superflua.')
A greenhouse biennial ; seeds, or cuttings of
the side-shoots, and preserved over the winter ;
sandy loam and a little peat. Winter temp.,
40 to 45.
G. cre'nata (scollop-leaved). . Purple. July.
Cape of Good Hope. 1822.
GERMAN CATCHFLY. J'isca'ria vul-
rju'ris.
GERMANDER. Teu'crium.
GERMINATION is the sprouting, or
first step in vegetation of a seed. To
enable it to germinate it must have a
perfectly-developed embryo, and be ripe
or nearly ripe. It must not be too old,
and there must be present a certain
degree of heat, moisture, and oxygen
gas, the latter being furnished by the
air.
Old Man's Beard.
(From gcron, old man, and pogoH, a
beard ; referring to the hair-like pap-
pus which crowns the calyx in this
order. Nat. ord., Composites [Aster-
aceto]. Uum. t 19-Syngenesia l-jEqualis.
Allied to Scorzonera.)
Hardy plants from Italy. Annuals by seed
in April, in common soil; perennial by seed
and division of the plant in spring.
G. calycula'ttus (Jarg-e-calyxed). 2. Pink. July.
1774. Perennial.
gla'ber (smooth). l. Pink. July. 1704.
hirsu'tus (hairy). 1. Red. July. 1769-
GE'SNERA. (Named after Conrad
Gesner, a celebrated botanist of Zurich.
Nat. ord., Gesnerworts [Gesneracea?].
Linn., l-Didynamia %-Anyiospermia.
Allied to Gloxinia.)
A most interesting family of plants, that, by
regulating their rest period, may be brought
into bloom at almost any time. All scarlet-
flowered, except where otherwise stated.
G. acau'lis (stetnless). 1. June. Jamaica. 1793-
aggrega'ta (aggregate). 3. June. Brazil.
1816.
allagophy'lla (shifting-leaved). !. Orange.
July. Brazil. 1834.
Arno'ldi (Arnold's). 1. July. Brazil. 1841.
breviflo'ra (short-flowered). 1. Red. Au-
gust. 1847-
bulbo'sa (bulbous). 2. June. Brazil. 1816.
calyci'na (large calyxed) . !. Jamaica.
Caraccasa'na (Caraccas). 2. July. Caraccas.
1842.
Coope'ri (Mr. Cooper's). 2. May. Brazil.
1829.
corda'ta (hearWeai'erf). $. Pale scarlet.
July.
corymbo'sa (corymbed). 2. July. Jamaica.
1822.
digita'lis (Fox-glove-fre). June. Brazil.
1842.
diSco'lor (two-coloured). Red, yellow. Sep-
tember. South America. 1843.
Dougla'sii (Douglas's). lA. Red, yellow.
September. Rio Janeiro. 1820.
verticilla'ta (whorled-/ojt-ercd). 2.
Crimson. May. Rio Janeiro. 1835.
elli'ptica (oval).
lu'tea (yellow-flowered). 1. Yellow.
May. Santa Martha. 1844.
elonga'tn (elongated). 2. Scarlet. Sep-
tember. South America. 1835.
jx~fr u tico'9a (shrubby). 2. August.
fattcia'lis (wide-mouthed). 2. July. Brazil.
1833.
Gardne'ri (Gardner's). 2. Red. July.
Brazil. 1841.
Gerardia'ntt (Gerard's). 2. Red, yellow.
September. South America. J843.
hirsu'ta (hairy). 1. July. Cumana. 1826.
Honde'nsis (Honda). I. Red, yellow.
May. Brazil. 1845.
hu'milis (humble), g. Cuba.
lasia'ntha (woolly-flowered). 3. Autumn.
Mexico.
- luteri'tia (brick-red). 2. July. Brazil, 1834,
GES
GES
G. latifo'lia (broad-leaved) , August. Caraccas.
1839.
Libane'nsis (many -flowered}. J. June. Cuba.
1847.
Lindle'yi (Lindley's), Scarlet, yellow. July.
Brazil. 1825.
longifo'lia, (long-leaved). 2. Ked. June
Guatemala. 1841.
macra'ntha (large-flowered). Purplish,
purpu'rea (purple-^oirered). .
August. 1847.
macrosta'chya (large-spiked). Rio Janeiro.
1825.
magni'fica (magnificent). August.
oblonga'ta (oblong). Crimson. April. South
America. 1830.
pardi'na (leopard-spo^ed). 14. Orange,
red-spotted. August. Brazil. 1847,
penduli'na (drooping-./?ou>emf). 2. June,
South America. 1825.
polya'ntha (many - flowered). 2. June.
Brazil. 1830.
refle'xa (bent-back). April. Valparaiso.
1837.
rupe'stris (rock -inhabiting). ?. August.
1835.
rupi'cola(rock}. $. May. Brazil. 1835.
ru'tila (brilliant). 2. Scarlet, yellow.
August. Brazil. 1825.
atrosangui'nea (dark red). 2. Crim-
son. August. Brazil. 1826.
sea' bra (rough). 1. July. Jamaica. 1820.
sce'ptrvm (sceptred). 4. July. Brazil. 1836.
t'g-nea(nrey). 3. Eeddish yellow.
September. Brazil. 1835.
Schiedia'na (Schiede's). l. July. Mexico.
1844.
Sello'wii (Sellow's). 2. July. Brazil, 1835.
spica'ta (spiked). Grenada. 1831.
stri'cta (upright). 5. July. Brazil. 1835.
Sutto'nii (Captain Button's). 2. July. Rio
Janeiro. 1 833.
a'lba. White. July. Brazil. 1840.
-=- triflo'ra (three-flowered). 2. Yellow, red.
July. New Grenada. 1846.
tubero'sa (tuberous). % Autumn. Brazil.
1834.
tubiflo'ra (tube-flowered). 2. March. South
America. 1815.
ve'stita (clothed). 14. Orange. July. Bo-
gota. 1842.
xebri'na (zebra-sir iped) 2. Scarlet, yellow.
September. Brazil. 1840.
Propagation; by Cuttings. They may
be propagated by cuttings of three