of brass and projections were placed on frame where
link would touch it.
Approved, 1902, by Underwriters' Laboratories.
Some trouble experienced from those made in 1902-
1904, by premature opening due to cold flow of solder
in link. A large number were replaced.
Present rating: Satisfactory except danger of premature
opening.
APPENDIX I 397
A-2 1905. Same as A but link made wider (Jf inch).
See page 53. Replaced by B in 1900.
Rating: Satisfactory.
B-igo6. Same as A-2 except slight changes in marking.
Rating: Standard.
Note: Special deflectors are also made for aisle lines in car barns,
one to distribute in two directions to go between cars, and one to
distribute in one direction to go along walls. This company was
bought out by the " Automatic " Sprinkler Co. of America in 1911.
JAHN
F. G. John, New York. Made by Standard Equipment
Co., New York.
1891. Pendent, solid head sprinkler. There was no
valve in this sprinkler but a groove was cut in the solid
casting at the point "where a valve would
ordinarily be introduced. There was a heavy
lever hinged at one end and attached to the
piping by means of a fusible link. When the
weight dropped, the lever forcibly broke open
the head at the groove. Fixed toothed de-
flector. Never used so far as known.
1891. Upright valve sprinkler. Porcelain
valve cap held in place by four-piece strut, two mem-
bers of which extended horizontally. Toothed deflector.
Not used to any extent so far as known.
Obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
JORDAN
Wm. S. Jordan, Worcester. Assigned to
Braman, Dow & Co., of Boston.
1885. Pendent valve sprinkler,
drop deflector type. A large hollow
casting contained interior guide for
valve which was held against seat
by a series of hinged levers bearing
against adjustable spindle. Levers
tripped by the melting of a short iJt^J * JORDONj
bar of solder under tension. Never used so far as known.
398 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
KANE
Patented by John and William Kane of Philadelphia.
Installed by Wm. Kane Fire Extinguisher Co.; Univer-
sal Automatic Sprinkler Co. and John Kane Fire
Extinguisher Co.
W. KANE
1-1881. Pendent valve sprinkler.* Valve held in
place by a yoke hooked to a projection at one side of the
head and soldered to a projection ori the other side.
Loose cap covered the lower end when the head was
closed.
Obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
1^-1881. Similar to No. 1 except that there was an
arm extending from one side of the head. The yoke
was hooked at one end as in No. 1, but at the other end
it hooked over a lever which passed through the arm
and was soldered to a projection at end of the arm.
Obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
:
2-1882 Eclipse. Pendent valve sprinkler of globe
valve type. Horizontal valve held in place by a compli-
cated system of levers. Loose cap over lower end. See
page 33.
Obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
APPENDIX I 399
3-1888 Bulb Root. Pendent valve sprinkler. Inte-
rior valve held in place by two levers. One lever held
to projection on casting by two-piece link.
Nearly obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
' W. KANE-4
4-1892 Perfection. Pendent valve sprinkler of drop
deflector type. Valve held by levers and link similar
to those in No. 3.
Out of 28 recently tested by the Underwriters' Labora-
tories 7 per cent failed. ,
Nearly obsolete.
Present rating: Doubtful.
Note: In 1893 the William Kane Fire Extinguisher Co. sold out
to the General Fire Extinguisher Co. and the No. 4 Perfection head
was made at the Warren, Ohio, shop of that company for some
months.
J. KANE
Made by Universal Automatic Sprinkler Co.
1-1892 Universal. Pendent valve sprinkler. Similar
to Wm. Kane No. 4, but with fixed toothed deflector.
Out of 6 recently tested by the Underwriters' Labora-
tories 33 per cent failed.
Nearly obsolete.
Present rating: Doubtful.
.400
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
2-1892 Universal. Frame similar to No. 1. Drop
deflector similar, to Wm. Kane No. 4.
J.KANE-1
J. KANE - 2
Out of 139 recently tested by the Underwriters' Lab-
oratories 16 per cent failed from adhesion at seat, etc.
Present rating: Doubtful.
2^-1892. Similar to No. 2 with fixed toothed deflec-
tor.
Present rating: Doubtful.
3-1900. Made by Niagara Sprinkler Co. and later
by John Kane Automatic Fire Extinguisher Co.
Upright valve sprinkler. Valve cap held in place by
toggle-joint levers and link. Liable to leakage. Field
experience otherwise fairly satisfactory.
Present rating: Uncertain,
4-1902. Upright valve sprinkler. Similar to No. 3
but with levers farther apart. Liable to leakage. Field
experience otherwise fairly satisfactory.
APPENDIX I 401
Out of 74 recently tested by the Underwriters' Labora-
tories 5 per cent failed.
Present rating: Uncertain.
JL.KANE-4. J.KANE - 4;
4^-1902. Similar to No. 4 but with longer levers.
Present rating: Uncertain.
Note: The J. Kane Automatic Fire Extinguisher Co. sold out to
the International Sprinkler Co. in June, 1902, and the latter company
manufactured a few J. Kane No. 4 heads until Nov., 1902.
KERSTETER
Chas. W. Kersteter, Chicago, III.
A-i888. Single arm type. Valve sprinkler with
valve held by a horizontal lever hooked at one end, the
other end being hooked to a vertical lever soldered at
the upper end to the frame. Deflector supported by a
single arm. But few installed.
Practically obsolete.
.Present rating: Unreliable.
1-1889. Upright valve sprinkler. Valve held in
place by two levers hooked at lower end to frame and
held together at upper end by a fusible link spanning
the head. Perforated toothed deflector. See page 55.
Practically obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
2-1893. Upright valve sprinkler. Valve held in
place by strut. Crude in workmanship and lacking in
sensitiveness.
Present rating: Unreliable.
402 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
3-1898. Manufactured by Niagara Fire Extinguisher
Co., Akron, Ohio. Upright valve sprinkler similar to
No. 2, but somewhat larger. Subject to crawling and
leaking. About 30,000 made. Many replaced by manu-
facturers. Nearly obsolete. Not made after 1899.
Present rating: Unreliable.
k^ _ JCERSTETER-4 LJ^RSTiTER - 2 IKERSTETER-3 J
4-1897. Upright valve sprinkler, patented by E. M.
Cook of Indianapolis. Assigned to Charles W. Kerste-
ter. Valve held by three-piece strut.
Never used so far as known.
5-1898. Similar to No. 3 but with four-piece strut.
LACONIA
See Vogel.
LANGFORD
Wm. S. Langford, Baltimore, Md.
1898. Upright valve sprinkler. Valve cap held by
strut. Never used so far as known.
LAPHAM
Valentine Lapham, Chicago. Made by Lapham Auto-
matic Fire Extinguisher Co., St. Louis, Mo. Later
types by Johnson-Rowe-Paige Co., Omaha, Neb.;
McCrum-Howell Co., Chicago; and Ohio Automatic
Sprinkler Co., Youngstown, Ohio.
APPENDIX I 403
1-1890. Upright valve sprinkler with valve cap held
in place by three-piece strut of angular shape. Fixed
perforated deflector.
Rating : Unreliable.
2-1894. Upright valve sprinkler.
Rating: Unreliable.
3-1897. Modification of No. 2. Valve cap extended
over edge of valve seat with spring underneath.
Rating : Unreliable.
4-1902. Upright valve sprinkler. Toggle-joint lev-
ers. Experimental sample submitted to Underwriters'
Laboratories. Criticized as follows:
1. Releasing device. 2. Effects of corrosion and loading. 3.
Solder in high degree pattern. 4. Marking. 5. Distribution. 6.
Structural weakness.
Never on the market so far as known.
Rating : Unreliable.
A-I9IO. Upright valve sprinkler similar to No. 4
but with toothed deflector, flatter frame and heavier
link. Made by Johnson-Rowe-Paige Co. Submitted
to the Underwriters' Laboratories and criticized as
follows :
1. Defects in soldering. 2. High and variable leakage point.
3. Inaccuracy in construction. 4. Distribution. 5. Marking. 6.
Coloring.
A few of these heads were used in
the Middle West.
Out of 33 recently tested 3 per cent
failed.
Rating: Questionable.
B-I9H. Slight modification of A,
but much the same in appearance.
Approved by the Underwriters' Labo- LAPHAM - B
ratories. Made by Ohio Automatic
Sprinkler Co.
Rating: Standard.
404 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
LYNDE
Jas. H. Lynde, -Manchester, England.
1-1887. Pendent valve sprinkler with interior toothed
deflector which dropped when head opened.
Never used in this country so far as known.
2-1893. Pendent valve sprinkler similar to No. 1.
Valve held in place by levers attached to a projection
in frame by a two-piece rivet-shaped link. Never used
in this country so far as known.
MACDANIEL
Valve sprinkler. Large deflector attached to valve
disc. Held by strut with spring to throw it off center.
Never used so far as known.
MACKEY
John C. Mackey, Syracuse, N. Y. Installed by Manu-
facturers Automatic Sprinkler Co.
1-1883. Pendent valve sprinkler. Conical shaped
valve disc held in place by short strut bearing against
brass wire levers. Levers held by two-piece curved link.
Fixed deflector. Threaded for f-inch fitting. See page
36.
Now obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable,
2-1885. Pendent valve sprinkler. Interior valve at
top of hollow casting. Stem T \-inch diameter passed
APPENDIX I 405
through T Vinch hole in casting and was held by lever
bar hooked at one end and soldered at other end. Fixed
deflector. Threaded for f-inch fitting. Water way ob-
structed. See page 56.
Now obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
3-1887. Similar to No. 1 but shorter and with valve
stem held by two-piece lever, hooked at one end and
held at other end by U-shaped piece of brass soldered
around a projection which extended through a slot in
lever.
Now obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
4-1888. Patented by M. C. Pierce in 1891. As-
signed to Manufacturers Automatic Sprinkler Co.
Interior valve sprinkler somewhat similar to No. 3
but longer and with toothed deflector. Valve of copper
composition or white metal. Deflector f inch from
frame. See page 56.
Practically obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
Note: There was also an upright sprinkler made by Baker, Smith
& Co., New York, about 1883, while Mr. Mackey was with them,
that greatly resembled the Mackey head.
MANUFACTURERS-1 MANUFACTURERS-.^ MANUFACTURERS-^
MANUFACTURERS
Made by Manufacturers Automatic Sprinkler Co., Syra-
cuse, N. Y. These succeeded the Mackey heads.
406 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
Some patents were in the name of C. W. Silver.
This company was succeeded by the "Automatic "
Sprinkler Co. of America in 1911.
1-1892. Pendent valve sprinkler. Very similar to
Mackey No. 4, except that deflector was further from
frame (| inch). Valve of metal, agate or glass. Head
was marked "Non Corrosive." Made for f-inch fitting.
See page 56.
Out of 14 recently tested 64 per cent failed.
Nearly obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
2-1895. Pendent valve sprinkler. Very similar to
No. 1 but with an elongated boss at end of threaded
portion. Threaded portion f inch in diameter.
Out of 30 recently tested 23 per cent failed.
Nearly obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
3-1896. Pendent valve sprinkler. Similar to No. 2
but longer and with a smaller deflector. Elongated boss
as in No. 2.
Out of 12 recently tested 67 per cent failed.
Practically obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
4-1893. Long lever type. Upright valve sprinkler of
toggle-joint type. Valve of porcelain held in place by
two long levers. A double T-shaped link fitted into slots
at end of levers. See page 37. Later issues had spiral
spring under porcelain valve. See page 57.
Field experience not satisfactory.. Extremely subject
to failure by corrosion and sticking of link* But few
now in use.
The Underwriters' Laboratories have tested- 25 heads
of this type which averaged 14 years in service and 40
per cent failed.
Rating : Unreliable.
APPENDIX I 407
A-i8g5. Upright valve sprinkler. Similar to No. 4
but with shorter levers. Spring under valve. The link
[ *' 'MANUFACTURERa
4 OR LONG LEVER.
MANUFACTURERS-A
as in No. 4 was composed of a T-shaped piece with
another piece of similar shape wrapped horizontally
around the inner portion. This form of link has been
found defective under continued strain and especially if
subject to corrosion.
Criticized by Underwriters' Laboratories in 1902 as
follows:
1. Releasirg device. 2. Solder in high degree patterns. 3.
Construction details.
Tests by the Underwriters' Laboratories on 555
samples showed 27 per cent failures.
Present rating: Unreliable.
6-1903. Upright valve sprinkler. Similar to A but
with small boss projecting above center of deflector.
Link of similar shape but with the outer part wrapped
over the top of the inner portion. Valve cap rather close
to frame so that corrosion at that point might cause
trouble. This head has had a fairly satisfactory field
experience, but should be carefully watched where sub-
ject to any corrosion or loading. Occasional tests de-
sirable.
408 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
Out of 225 recently tested by the Underwriters' Lab-
oratories 6 per cent failed.
Present rating: Fairly reliable.
MANUFACTURERS - !* MANUFACTURERS-^
-1907. Upright valve sprinkler. Similar to B but
with bosses at end of lower lever so that link cannot be
slipped off. Approved by Underwriters' Laboratories,
1907.
Rating: Standard.
Underwriters' Laboratories Caution, 1909.
"Last re-examination Feb. 1909 indicates defects in
construction not present in samples formerly tested and
which render the latest output of these devices unduly
susceptible to the influences of corrosion."
These defects in construction were afterwards remedied
and the head was approved unconditionally.
MARTIN
H. W. Martin, Ilion, N. Y.
1905. Upright valve Sprinkler. Valve of glass held
by strut. Toothed deflector somewhat resembling the
Grinnell sprinkler. Several variations.
Never used so far as known.
APPENDIX I
409
MASCOT
Wm. Shaffer.
1887. Interior valve sprinkler
of elbow type. Valve held in
place by pivoted levers. Operated
by expansion of wax in closed re-
ceptacle. Levers were pushed off
center by small piston actuated by
expanding wax. Used but little
if any. See page 43.
Obsolete.
Rating: Very unreliable.
*m-
JL&SGQX
MAYALL
W. Mayall & T. Thomasson, Mossley, England.
1891. Valve sprinkler. Valve and deflector in one
piece. Valve held by L-shaped lever soldered at lower
end to frame. Never used in this country so far as
known.
Installed in one mill in England but never officially
approved there.
JMAWJL
McLAUTHLBL
McLAUTHLIN
Geo. F. McLauthlin, Boston, Mass.
1894. Valve sprinkler. Upright and pendent types.
Valve held in place by strut composed of levers. A
410 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
heavy iron case surrounded the sprinkler, which in the
upright type was in two pieces. This case was held in
place by low-fusing solder. A small chain was attached
to the case and to the valve strut. When heated the
iron case was released and in falling pulled the strut
levers off center and opened the valve. Never used so
far as known.
MERCHANT AND EVANS
See Evans.
MILLER
J. A. Miller, Providence, R. I.
1878. Valve sprinkler with rose or perforated dis-
tributor. Valve opened against water pressure and was
operated by the expanding of brass rods placed under
the sprinkler pipes. Never used so far as known.
MORRIS
Morris Sprinkler Co., Ltd., London, England.
Upright valve sprinkler of toggle-joint
lever type similar to last type of John Kane.
Submitted to Underwriters' Laboratories in
1907 Criticized as follows:
1. Cold flow of solder joint. 2. Premature open-
ing. 3. Distribution. 4. Marking. 5. Design of
parts. 6. Strength. 7. Workmanship.
Never used in this country so far as MORRIS
known.
Formerly approved in England but approval with-
drawn.
Levers poorly designed and head often failed.
MORRISON
Morrison Brass Co., Toronto, Canada.
1. Upright valve sprinkler very similar to the Grinnell
glass disc head.
APPENDIX I
411
2. Upright valve sprinkler similar to above but valve
held in place by duck bill levers similar to those used in
the Esty sprinkler.
Neither type used to any extent so far as known.
MORRISON MORRISON 2.
III. Assigned to Nagle
NAGLE
Augustus F. Nagle, Chicago,
Automatic Sprinkler Co.
1-1890. Pendent valve sprinkler. Interior valve
opening against the water pressure. Valve stem
threaded into a nut which was held in a closed case by
NAGIE - 1
NAGLE - 2
a heavy coiled spring. Spring was released by the
fusing of two trip pieces soldered to projections on the
outside of the case. When released the spring uncoiled
and screwed the valve away from its seat. Deflector
was a flat plate with raised perforated edge. See page 44.
Present rating: Unreliable.
412 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
2-1891. Pendent valve sprinkler. Valve held by
single lever hooked at one end and secured at other end
by a three-piece link.
Obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable,
NAYLOR
James Naylor, Jr., Boston.
1894. Upright valve sprinkler. Valve held in place
by glass strut filled with fluid that was supposed to ex-
pand when heated and break the glass. Never used so
far as known.
Another type had a strut composed of
two pieces of metal soldered together.
Never used so far as known.
1895. Upright valve sprinkler. Valve
cap held by two levers set at an angle
to the vertical. Held to frame by a fusi-
ble member consisting of two thin metal NA ^ft
discs soldered together. Light and easily
broken. Never used so far as known.
NERACHER
Wm. Neracher, Cleveland, Ohio. Installed by Neracher
Sprinkler Co., Neracher & Hill Sprinkler Co., and
later by General Fire Extinguisher Co.
A-i882. Pendent valve sprinkler. Valve held in
place by lever hinged at one end and held at other end
by a short trip lever. Long end of latter lever held by a
plate bearing against a small vessel containing paraffine
or similar material, fusing at about 120 F. Distribu-
tion from four curved rotating arms. Never used so far
as known.
1-1884. Pendent valve sprinkler, drop deflector
type. Valve held in place by cross-shaped strut with
APPENDIX I
413
horizontal arms soldered to frame. Lower part of strut
placed at a slight angle with the vertical. Star-shaped
deflector.
Obsolete.
Present rating:- Unreliable.
1^-1886. Pendent valve sprinkler. Similar to No. 1
except releasing device. Strut consisted of triangular-
shaped spring with two lower ends soldered to frame.
Obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable,
NERACHER-.-1
NERACHER-2
2-1887. Pendent valve sprinkler. Similar to No. 1
except releasing device. Strut consisted of one short
piece and one long angular piece, the long end of which
was held to a projecting arm by a two-piece triangular-
shaped link. See page 58.
Obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
2^-1887. Pendent valve sprinkler. Similar to No. 2
except that releasing device consisted of levers extending
over lower end of frame and held together by a fusible
link.
Present rating: Unreliable.
3-1888. Upright valve sprinkler. Valve held in
place by four-piece lever. Outer levers of brass wire
414
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
extended to top of sprinkler and were held together by
a link similar to that used in No. 2.
Out of 48 recently tested 17 per cent failed.
Practically obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
31-1893. Upright valve sprinkler. Similar to No. 3
except that the frame was slightly different in shape and
levers were of stamped bronze. Unduly subject to the
influence of corrosion.
Out of 232 recently tested by the Underwriters' Lab-
oratories 3 per cent failed.
Rating: Doubtful.
m
NERACHER - 3
[NERACHER-3J .
4-1895. Upright valve sprinkler. Similar to No. 3
but a much shorter head. Outer levers of stamped
bronze. Toothed, perforated deflector. Reliability
somewhat doubtful, due to age.
Out of 52 recently tested by the Underwriters' Labora-
tories 10 per cent failed from tight fit between links and
parts.
Present rating: Doubtful.
5-1902. Upright valve sprinkler. Similar to No. 4
but somewhat shorter. Frame not adjustable.
Present rating: Not standard; generally satisfactory.
APPENDIX I
415
6-1902. Similar to No. 5 but with toothed deflector.
Hollow valve cap. Approved.
Rating: Standard.
NERACHE&-!
J1ERACHER - 1
NEW YORK
New York Automatic Sprinkler Co.
Patented by B. P. Hall of Fanwood, N. J.
New York Automatic Sprinkler Co.
1911. Upright valve sprinkler with
two-piece curved strut.
Reported upon by the Underwriters'
Laboratories, July, 1912. Features criti-
cized :
1. Deterioration from loading and corrosion.
2. Probability of premature opening. 3. Distri-
bution. 4. Lack of uniformity of manufacture.
5. Design. 6. Construction details.
Rating: Unreliable.
Assigned to
NEW YORK.
NEW YORK AND NEW HAVEN
Made by Foskett & Bishop, New Haven, Conn.; New
York & New Haven Automatic Sprinkler Co., New
York; John Simmons, New York.
1-1889 (December). Mill type. Patented by V. A.
Harder of Brooklyn, N. Y. Interior valve sprinkler of
elbow type. Valve spindle held by two hooked levers
with ends covered by a two-piece fusible link similar to
416 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
the Walworth link. Large deflector with raised slotted
edge. Threaded .for f -inch fitting.
Practically obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
JU..&!UL=2L
2-1889 (July)- Riveted lever type. Patented by
Daniel C. Stillson of Somerville, Mass. Interior valve
sprinkler of elbow type. Similar to No. 1 except that
levers were pivoted and deflector was smaller with
raised perforated edge.
Practically obsolete.
Present rating: Unreliable.
NEWTON
Robert W. Newton, Providence, R. I. Installed by the
inventor.
Patents taken out in 1891-1892 and
1893 for sprinkler heads that were never
put on the market so far as known.
1894. Upright valve sprinkler. Metal
valve disc held in place by strut consisting
of five pieces at an angle, and three hori-
zontal.
The horizontal pieces were soldered to
a flat surface. Deflector had a raised NFWTON
perforated edge. This head was used to
APPENDIX I 417
a considerable extent in Rhode Island and Eastern Mas-
sachusetts. After about ten years use this sprinkler gave
trouble from sticking, especially when corroded. Now
considered defective. Practically all have been replaced.
Used to some extent in England.
Practically obsolete.
Present rating: Very unreliable.
Note: The sprinkler was slightly modified in patents taken out
in 1902-1903 and 1905, the latter being assigned to the General
Fire Extinguisher Co.
NEWTON
Newton Fire Extinguisher Co., Ltd., London, England.
Upright valve sprinkler with diaphragm outlet.
Valve disc held by levers and link similar to those used
in the International sprinkler.
Not used in America so far as known.
Used extensively in England and other parts of the
world.
NEWTON JIAGARA-HIBBARD-A,
NIAGARA-HIBBARD
Manufactured by Niagara Fire Extinguisher Co., Akron y
Ohio.
A-IQO2. Upright valve sprinkler. Frame similar to
Hibbard sprinkler, levers and link similar to Niagara
sprinkler. V joint in link. Projections on frame where
418
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION
levers would touch. Stamped Niagara on one side and
Hibbard on other .side.
NlAGARA-HlBBARD A-1902.
Underwriters' Laboratories report, 1902. Features
criticized :
1. Effects of corrosion and loading. 2. Solder in high degree pat-
terns. 3. Structural weakness. 4. Cap and construction details.
Rating: Unreliable.
NlAGARA-HlBBARD A 2 -1903.
A 2 -iQO3. Similar to 1902 type but with point on link
reversed (pointing inward). Date and temperature
marked on link.
APPENDIX I
419
Out of 55 recently tested by the Underwriters' Labora-
tories 2 per cent failed.
Rating: Doubtful.
NlAGARA-HlBBARD B-1904.
6-1904. Similar to A but with more rounded frame,
toothed deflector and longer levers. Block tin gasket
in earlier issues ; copper ring gasket in later issues. Nia-
Hib cast on one side of wrench head and patent date on
the other side.
Installed by Niagara Fire Extinguisher Co., Akron,
Ohio. Approved by the Underwriters' Laboratories in
1904. Withdrawn from approval in 1912, inasmuch as
name of the device was changed to Niagara when Mr.