and Reserve Fund before they can touch deposits,
the latter may be considered as perfectly secure.
In compensation for this guarantee, the stock-
holdeis reserve to themselves twenty per cent, of
the profits, out of whicli they form the Reserve
Fund. The remaining eighty per cent, forms a
dividend on the whole fund, which is paid to de-
positors without further deduction for money
lying less than a certain time, or for fractions of
months, etc. In tliis way the dividend will
amount to as much as one which, tliough nomi-
nally larger, should be subject to such deduc-
tions. The Savings Union, however, will refuse
to receive deposits on accounts, of the nature of
ordinary bank accounts, where the money comes
in and goes out again every few days, as it evi-
dently cannot use such funds to any advantage.
As the Act under which this Corporation is
organized was framed with a special view to the
formation of such societies, it contains provisions
not to be found in the General Corporation Law.
Thus a married woman making deposits in her
own name can draw them on her own .signature
without having to consult her husband : the
same in regard lo minors, etc., and several other
points of considerable importance.
Officers — President, James De Fremery ; Yice-
President, Albert Miller; Directors, John P.
Buckley, Edward P. Flint, Thomas P. Bevans,
Washington Bartlett, Charles Pace ; Cashier,
John Archbald. Office 513 California Street,
south side, above Montgomery Street.
HIBERNIA SAVINGS AND LOAN SOCIETY.
Incorporated April 12, 1859. M. D. Sweeny,
President; Edward Martin, Treasurer. This is
GENERAL REVIEW,
37
also a very floiirishiuK Society, and the Inst re-
port exhibits a state of affairs which must >>e
highly gratifying to those interested. Thp
amount invested on mortgage was, in July, 1862,
S863,79J: GG, besides which there is a sinking
fun<l and a considerable bahinco awaiting invest-
ment. The success and economy willi which
the business of the institution is managed, reflects
higii credit upon tlie gentlemen who are ia charge
of It.
FRENCH MUTUAL PROVIDENT SAVINGS AND LOAN
SOCIETY.
This institution was organized February 12,
1860, and the same general remarks which we
have made in reference to the other societies,
apply to this one. The names of its officers,
which we sulijoiu, affords a sufficient guarantee
that the affairs of this society will be faithfully
administered.
Its last dividend was one and one eighth (1^)
per cent, per month, declared in July, 1862.
Board of Administration — President, J. Caire ;
Vice-President, N. Larco; Treasurer. C.Martin;
Trustees, A. Favre, A. Weill, F. Berton, C.
Drouilhat, G. Berger, B. Davidson.
BUILDING AND HOMESTEAD ASSOCIATIONS.
Of these societies there are sevend iu this city,
all of comparatively recent formation.
The first one organized is known as the Ger-
man Society, the plan of which is by a capital to
be created by an original deposit of one hundred
dollars from each member, and a subsequent
monthly payment of ten dollars, to procure a
large tract of land within the city upon which to
erect for each subscriber a dwelling-house.
The ne.ict .society we have to mention in this
connection, is the Building and Loan Society.
which has been organized by a number of prom-
inent gentfemen, and which has in view the set-
tlement of the unoccupied lands within the
borders of the city and county, but outside of the
old city limits.
The San Francisco Union Homestead Associa-
tion was the next formed. Each member con-
tributes ten dollars entraace fee, and monthly
payments of ten dollars. The Society is numer-
ous, and is composed of enierprising and thrifty
citizens, and its managers are taking active
measures to carry out the purposes of the organ-
ization, which are substantially the same as
those of the first named Society.
In addition to the above, there are the follow-
ing : The California Building, Loan and Home-
stead ; the Pacific Savings and Homestead; the
Eureka Homestead; the Hibernia Homestead;
the Odd Fellows' Homestead; the Mechanics'
Homestead, etc., each of which is either in ac-
tive operation or about adopting such measures
as will secure a share of the advantages enjoyed
by the first named Organizations.
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
The formation of Home Insurance Companies
has attracted considoiablc attention during the
past season, and already five different associa-
tions have been formed, and are now in succcas-
ful operation; of this number, the California
Lloyds and California Mutual, are for marine
risks, and the San Francisco Insurance, Fireman's
Fund, and German Mutual, for fire only. In ad-
(iition to tlie.se, there are over fifty Eastern and
European Companies represented iu this city, by
reliable agents, a list of which may be found on
pages 453 and 575.
San Francisco lufiuranre Company. — Organ-
ized March 20, 1801. t|/?icers— President, E.
W. Burr; Vice-President, C. 0. Gerberding;
Secretary, Geo. C. Boardman. Oflice G21 VAay.
This is the first Fire Insurance Company organ-
ized in the State of California. Its capital of
$150,000 {bona fide cash), the sterling character
of its well known managers, and the conserva-
tive policy adopted by them, bespeak entire con-
fidence in the Company, and promise them a
high rank among the permanent institutions of
the Pacific coast.
California Mutual Marine Insurance Co. — Or-
ganizied February 23, 1861. To arrest in part
the flow of specie from California to eastern and
foreign Insurance offices, and to retain in our
own .State the accumulations from premiums as
a fund whereon to base reliable security against
the perils of the seas, are tlie objects of this
Company. The amount of capital is $200 000.
Surplus, $40,000. Office of the Company. 405
Front. See advertisement on page 585.
SAN FRANCISCO CITY WATER WORKS.
Capital stock, $1,500,000 in 3,000 shares of
$500 each. Amount expended on the works up
to October, 1862, s;l,076,000. Officers.— Wex^ry
S. Dexter, President; Peter Carter, Secretary;
C. W. Boynton, Chief Engineer; W. H. Francis,
Registrar; H. S. Dexter, John Bensley, J. B.
Thomas, C. H. Low, R. G. Sneath, C. H. Simp-
kins, Erwin Davis, Trustees; John Parrott & Co.,
Bankers; 0. L. Shafler, Attorney.
On the 19th of June, 1857, the company filed
its certificate of incoriioration, and on the 27th
day of September, 1858, succeeded in introducing
the waters of Lobos Creek into the lower portion
of the city; but it was not until January, 1800,
that it brouifht into successful operation its per-
manent works for the siipplv of the whole city.
Its present sourcesof s'lpply are the waters of
Lobo& Creek, a stream of pure soft water which
falls into tlio bay near Point Lobos — distant from
the Plaza, in a right line, three and a half miles.
This remarkable stream — which furnislies be-
tween two and three million gallons daily — is
fed wholly by springs whose " reservoir" is the
sandy desert lying between the ocean and the
range of lofty hills w.?sl of the Presidio.
During the past year the companv has super-
ceded the wooden flume — first u.sed tor the intro-
duction of water— from Fort Point to its receiving
reservoir and pumps at Black Point— by an
under-ground conduit of ma.soury of sufficient
size to convey double the water now re<iiiired
for the use of the city, its capacity being 4.000,000
gallons daily.
From the receiving re.servoir at Black Point
the waters are elevated by machinery into two
distributing reservoirs, on the adjoining hills.
The loftiest of these is 315 feet above hi>'h-water
38
SAN FRANCISCO DIRECTORY,
mark, nnd is situated at the corner of Greenwich
and Hyde streets. Tiie second is immediately
below, at the corner of Hyde and Francisco
streets, and is ] 45 feet above high water.
The Ciipacity of the upper reservoir is 3,600,000
gallons, and that of the lower 7,800,000 gallons,
and is so located that 6,000,000 gallons can be
added, whenever the requirements of the city
render it necessar}'. The upper reservoir sup-
plies all that part of the city which is over one
hundred feet above tide water, while the last
named serves the lower parts of the city.
The company's mains, of all sizes, now aggre-
gate nearly thirty-five miles. It supplies the
public buildings and fire hydrants without
charge.
By a provision in its charter the public are
secured against oppressive water rates by the
right of the Supervisors to reduce them when-
ever they 3'ield an aggregate which shall exceed
the annual income of 24 per cent, on the amount
invested. The city also reserved the right to
purchase, on repayment of the expenditures of
the company together with reasonable interest.
Spring Valley Water Works Company.
This company was incorporated in the month
of June, 1858, in pursuance of an Act of the
Legislature approved April 23, 1858. The capi-
tal stock is $3,000,000, divided into 3,000 shares
of SI. 000 each. Officers — President, Eugene L.
Sullivan; Secretary, Edward Mickle; Chief En-
gineer, A. W. Yon Schmidt: Trustees, Eugene
L. SuUivaH, Henry Carlton, jr., Robert Roxby,
F. A. Woodworth, and A. W. Von Schmidt.
Office ot the Company — South-east corner of
Montgomery and Jackson streets.
The company was formed for the purpose of
introducing pure water into the city and county
of San Francisco, and supplying its inhabitants.
The water is collected from various branches of
the stream known as the Pilarcilos Creek, in the
coast range of mountains, distant from San Fran-
cisco about fifteen miles in a southerly direction.
1 Tiiis supply is taken at an elevation of 700 feet
above the level of the sea, through the main
coast range by means of a tunnel 1,500 feet in
length. At the eastern end of the timnel the
waters fall into a reservoir constructed in the
bed of San Mateo Creek. From this point the
water is conducted around the hills into the
grand reservoir (Lake Honda) back of the Mis-
sion Dolores, by a flume 18 by 30 inches, with a
grade of seven feet to the mile. Three and a half
miles of sixteen inch iron pipe are used on this
route wliere it crosses ravines and low places.
The flume conveys 5,000,000 gallons per 24
hours. The company will have as a reserve in
their reservoir at the creek 500,000,000 gallons
which is filled during the winter season and can
be drawn from wlienever required. "Laguna
Honda," the distributing reservoir, is one of the
finest natural reservoirs in the world; and when
finislicd will hold 100,000.000 gallons of water.
From this reservoir 16 inch iron mains will be laid
to the corner of Market and Stockton streets, be-
ing about four miles in length. From the 16 inch
mains, 12 inch mains take the water into differ-
ent parts of the city, which are again tapped
with smaller mains.
An intier, or smaller reservoir, capable of hold-
ing 2,000,000 gallons, is constructed at the junc-
tion of Market and Buchanan streets, which
commands four-fifths of the city.
All parts of San Francisco not exceeding 350
feet above the city base are supplied with water
from these works without machinery.
The waters of the Pilarcitos are well known
for their purity. They rise in a granite forma-
tion, and have no vegetable impurities in their
composition.
In addition to the above supply, the company
have immense sources of water south of the Pil-
arcitos and San Mateo creeks, should it ever be
required. They are the Purissima, Tunitas, Lo-
bitas and San Gregorio creeks. The last stream
alone runs daily 12,000,000 gallons*. But it will
probably be many years befbre this additional
quantity will be required.
The Islais Creek also belongs to this company,
and runs 300,000 gallons daily. The waters of
this creek are already running through a num-
ber of the streets in the southern part of the city.
The pipes of the company now laid (July,
1862) from the source amount to thirty miles,
and in the course of 1863, an additional twenty-
five miles will be laid, within the limits of San
Francisco— being the property of the Spring Val-
ley Water Works Company.
The water of the Pilarcitos Creek was intro-
duced into the city on the morning of the 4th of
July last.
Review of Industrial Enterprises.
The Business Directory, pubhshed in the pres-
ent volume, will best exhibit the progress al-
ready made in the different branches of mechan-
ical industry in this city. We propose in this
review to make a brief reference to a few of the
most important branches, and to exhibit some
very interesting statistics collected during the
progress of our labors.
Foimdries, Machine Shops, Etc.
There is no department of mechanical indus-
try in this city in which more enterprise and en-
ergy is exhibited than in the manufacture of n,a-
chinery and the working of metals generally.
There is probably no city in the Union that will
bear a comparison to San Francisco in this re-
spect. The number of establishments is esti-
mated at 270, affording employment to about
1,800 persons.
IRON FOUNDRIES.
The number of iron foundries is twelve. Ag-
gregate number of persons employed, from 650
to 800.
Union Iron Works. — Peter Donahue, proprie-
tor. Established in 1849. These works, situ-
ated on the corner of First and Mission streets,
are the most extensive in the State, covering an
area of seven full sized water lots. The works
are supplied with massive machinery, consisting
of Wentworth's drilling and slotting machine,
compound planers, one of Z. Coffin's mammoth
lathes, one of Nasmyth's steam-hammers, a large
furnace for heavj- forging, a large riveting ma-
GENERAL REVIEW,
39
cinnc, nncl lathes, planers, and drills adapted to
every variety of work. The first castiu>?3 made
in this State were done at the Union Works in
1849. This establishment lias completed many
heavy contracts, amonjf which was tliat of the
boilers and oscillating engines of the U. S.
steamer Saginaw, one of the most complicated
and perfect pieces of machine work ever finished
in this State. Those works give employment to
near 200 persons.
Pacific Foundry — Goddard & Co. Proprietors.
These works were established on their present
location, First Street, between Mission and Na-
toma streets, September, 1850, by Egery & Hinck-
ley. The linprovemeuts consisted of a one-story
frame building. 50 by 50 feet, in which a general
foundry and machine business was transacted.
I December. 1853, the proprietors purchased the
interest of the original owners — erected a three-
story building, 30 by GO feet, and added greatly,
by improvements in machinery, etc., to former
facilities for meeting the increase of trade. In
December, 1858, another addition was made of
a brick building, 60 by 80, which is used for
melting purposes alone. The cupolas, three
in number, have a capacity of melting 16 tuns
of metal per day. The works employ 100 men,
and the annual business amouuts to near $300,-
000.
Fulton Foundry. — Hinckley & Co , proprietors.
These works were establi-shed by Worth, Hyde
& Field, September, 8, 1855, as a machine sliop;
July 2, 1856, focilities were added for casting
metals, and changed to present style of firm on
the 6th of same month. The works are located
at 47 and 49 First Street, between Market and
Mission, and have facilities for the completion of
every description of foundry, machine and en-
gine work. This establishment gives employ-
ment to 50 hands.
Vulcan Iron Works Co. — The Vulcan Iron
Works, located on the corner of First and Na-
toraa streets, were established in August, 1851,
by Gordon & Steen, for the manufacture of steam
engines and machinery. In January, 1855, they
were converted into a joint stock incorporated
company. Present proprietors, S. Aitken, Paul
Torquet, Charles R. Steiger, and R. Ivors, who
have been with the concern from its commence-
ment. These works have turned out about 300
engines and 600 boilers, with the machinery of
upwards of 500 saw, flour and quartz mills, can-
dle and starch factories, etc. All the hydraulic
machinery for raising brick buildings in San
Francisco, were invented and made at these
work.s, and the first locomotive built in this State
was completed here. The number of hands em-
ployed varies from 100 to 150. The business
averages $300,000 per annum.
Gulden State Iron Works. — Palmer, Hanscom
& Co., proprietors. These works are located on
the grouud of the late Sutter Iron Works, Nos.
19, 21, 23, and 25, First Street, and are adapted
to the manufacture of iron castings and machin-
ery of all kinds. In addition to the various de-
scriptions of foundry' and machine work, this
establishment is also engaged in the manufacture
of mantle grates, of all styles and sizes, of sujmj-
rior finish, stove work, cauldrons, and, also, the
celebrated Knox's Amalgamators, with Palmer's
Improved Steam Chests and False Bottoms, now
iu general use throughout the mineral districts
of this State and Nevada Territory.
Miners' Foundry. — llowland, Angell k King,
proprietors; First Street, between Howard and
Folsom. These work.s, established January,
1860, have extensive facilities for the mamifac-
ture of every description of quartz and milling
machinery, steam engines, etc. Number of hands
employed, 100 The business amounts to
$250,000 per annum.
Albion Foundry. — Corner Market and Beale
streets ; J. Spratt, proprietor ; manufacture cast-
ings of every description.
In addition to the foundries above enumerated,
there are numerous smaller establishments en-
gaged in the working of iron, affording employ-
ment to a large number of persons.
BOILER WORKS.
The Boiler Works of Messrs. Coffey & Risdon
are engaged in an extensive and increasing bus-
iness, employing a large number of hands, in-
volving a heavy outlay for labor and materials.
Sullivan & Tower, 118 Davis Street, are also par-
ticularly engaged in the manufacture of boilers.
There are numerous other establishments en-
gaged iu the working of metals, viz: Black-
smith shops, 58 ; brass foundries, 4 ; carriage
and wagon smiths, 24; coppersmiths, 10 — ex-
elusive of those employed in the precious metals.
BE^INtNG OP GOLD AND SILVER.
The Gold and Silver Refinery is located on
Brannan near Seventh Street. The refinerj', a
substantial brick structure, is one story in bight,
and 60 feet m width by 130 in length, together
with the various implements in use, represent a
permanently invested capital of about $60,000.
Employment is furnished to an average of from
25 to 30 persons. Kellogg, Hewstou & Co.,
proprietors, olBce 416 Montgomery Street.
THE PACIFIC METALLURGICAL WORKS
Are situated on the corner of Francisco and
Mason streets, San Franci.sco. They are exten-
sive, and admirably adapted for the assaying
and working of gold and silver ores. They
were erected upon European plans under the
direction of Mr. Fouque, an able Metallurgist.
Both wet and dry processes are used, and the
works are capable of reducing three tons of ore
per day, going through all the various manipu-
lations of parting, assa^-ing, smelting, and re-
fining. Thus, the metal contained in twenty
tur\s of ore can be returned to the owner in fine
ingots in one week. Ore has been reduced here
from the Dana lead, Gould & Curry (Lucerne,)
California, Bailey, and other mines in California
and Nevada Territory, besides ores fi-om Mexico,
Arizona, and other portions of Western North
America.
The proprietors are citizens of San Franci.sco.
The Agent is S. C. Bradshaw, office 318 Califor-
nia Street, who transacts all the preliminary
40
SAN FRANCISCO DIRECTORY.
business. Mr. G. F. Fouque is tlie Superinten-
dent.
In testing ores, it is advisable to send to the
works at least one tun, so that a fair approxima-
tion of its general richness may be aimed at.
S.\N FR.VNCISCO PIONEER WOOLEN FACTORY.
Incorporated December 2, 1862. Location,
Black Point; Capital, $100,000 Heynemann &
Co., agents, 311 and 313 California Street. These
mills manufacture all kinds of woolen goods,
especially blankets, of which 150 to 200 pairs
are made daily. The number of persons em-
ployed are 90. Amount of wool used per day is
2,obo pounds.
MISSION WOOLEN FACTORY.
Located on the corner of Folsom and Sixteenth
streets. Leonard & McLennan, proprietors.
These works were established in 1861. Num-
ber of hands employed at the factory are 140,
and 100 at other places, in connection with the
business. Amount of wool consumed is 600,000
pounds per annum. All qualities and colors of
blankets, and all wool flannels of every descrip-
tion — tweeds, cassimeres and broadcloths, army
and navy cloths manufactured. AW these fabrics
find a read}'' market here, and are superior in
quality to tiie same line of imported goods.
CORDAGE AND OAKUM.
The San Francisco Cordage and Oakum Fac-
tory is located at the Potrero. This enterprise
was commenced in April, 1856, by Messrs. Flint,
Peabody & Co., and Messrs. Tubbs & Co., since
which time the operations of the company have
been successful. The buildings connected with
the works are of the most extensive and perma-
nent character. The main structure, occupied
as a rope-walk, is 1,000 feet in length, and the
spinning factory is 100 feet in length by 40 feet
in width. The consumption of raw materials is
about 6,000 pounds of hemp per day, which is
obtained from Manila, and arrangements have
been completed for regular shipments thereof
until California shall be able to furnish the same
from the products of her own soil. Office of
these works, 611 and 613 Front Street. The
specimens of cordage exhibited at the last Me-
chanics' Fair far excel the imported article.
They have also made arrangements for the im-
portation of seed, for the production in this State
of a sufficient quantity of the raw material to
supply the demands for home consumption.
THE REFINING OF SUGAR.
The " San Francisco Sugar Refinery " is owned
by a company of San Francisco merchants or-
ganized by Act of the Legislature of the State.
The works of the company are located at San
Francisco, corner Eighth and Harrison streets.
Office of the company, 411 Merchant Street. The
main building is 75 feet in width by 122 in length,
and five stories high. Several small buildings
are attached, for the prosecution of the different
branches connected with the refinery. The en-
tire premises cover an era of 275 by 412 feet.
The raw material consumed at thg^se works is
obtained from Manila, Batavia, and other islands
in the Pacific, and a line of clipper barks is now
employed in maintaining a regular supply, to
meet the requirements of the company. Over
400 tuns of sugar and 20,000 gallons of syrup
per month are manufactured at the these works.
The number of hands employed is 100. Cost of
buildings and grounds, $200,000. Commenced
operations, fall of 1850.
A second sugar refinery, called the " Pacific
Refinery," is now in progress of erection near
the premises of the San Francisco Sugar Re-
finery. This refinery will consist, when com-
pleted, of a melting house 80 by 45 feet and six
stories high, a while-sugar house 60 by 60 feet,
and five stories high, and a bone-charcoal foctory
40 by 50 feet. This company possess implements
of the largest and most improved kind. Their
boilers were built in Boston at a cost of $21,000.
Their vacuum pan, built in New York, is one of
the largest ever made, and will boil eighteen
tuns of sugar at one time. The air is exhausted
from it by a pair of air pumps, each 20 inches in
diameter, driven by a 40-horse engine. The
cost of the works is estimated at $190,000.
The two sugar refineries are to be under one
management, and will together turn out 85,000
barrels of crushed and yellow sugars, and
360,000 gallons of syrup annually.
California Unfermented Bread Company.
One of the most notable enterprises establish-
ed during the present year, is that for the whole-
sale manufaciure of bread by a new process,
without fermentation, patented in 1858, by Perry
& Fitzgerald, machinists, of New York.
The usual method of bread making is by fer-
mentation. By the impregnation of the dough-
mass with a substance known as yeast, which,
according to chemical authority, (Kane,) "is
nothing more than the decomposing vegetable
gluten or albumen, produced by previou.s fer-
mentation," carbonic acid gas is evolved at the
expense of about one-tenth of the constituent
elements of the flour. This gas is simply the