institution for the advancement of learning within
the province, and a literary and historical society,
respectively enjoy the patronage of the government
and of the principal inhabitants. A mechanics* in-
stitute was established in 1830 ; and it has numerous
benevolent associations. The city public library,
though not very extensive, is said to be well selected,
and to contain a great variety of standard works.
The garrison, also, has a good library. Several
newspapers are published in the city.
Though not a manufacturing town, Quebec has
various distilleries, breweries, with tobacco, soap,
and candle works; and numbers of fine ships have
been launched from its yards. It has two or three
banks and a savings bank. The markets are well
stocked with most sorts of produce, except good fish,
which is rather scarce and dear.
The chmate, though on the whole good and healthy,
is in extremes. In summer the heat is equal to that
of Naples^ while the cold of winter is not inferior to
that of Moscow. This inequahty occasions a corres-
ponding difference in the modes of life during the dif-
ferent seasons of the year. In winter traveUing is
carried on by means of sledges and carrioles, in the
same way as in Russia. The first view of Quebec,
in sailing up the St. Lawrence, is striking in the ex-
treme ; and travellers speak in high terms of the mag-
nificent prospect from the citadel on Cape Diamond.
The majority of the population being of French ex-
traction, the French language, which is still spoken
in some of the best circles with great propriety, and
the Roman Catholic religion, predominate. Society
QUEBEC. 155
is here more polished and refined than in any other
town of British America; and the higher provincial
gentry of French descent are distinguished by the
courteousness and urbanity of their manner.
Vessels of the very largest burden arrive at Que-
bec. Its harbor or basin, between the city and the
island of New Orleans, is of great extent, having,
in general, about 28 fathoms water, the tide rising
from 16 to 18 feet at neaps, and from 25 to 30 feet
at springs. Ships lie alongside the wharfs along the
St. Lawrence. There are extensive flats between
the lower town and the St. Charles, where, if it were
deemed of importance, wet docks might be easily
constructed.
The trade of the city Is very extensive. It en-
grosses almost the entire trade of the province with
the mother country. West Indies, &c.; and is annu.
ally resorted to by vast numbers of immigrants, who
partly settle in Canada, but who mostly re-emigrate
to the United States. It has a regular intercourse,
by means of steamers, with Montreal, and other
ports higher up the St. Lawrence, and with Hahfax,
and other ports on the Atlantic.
Quebec was taken from the Frenclj in 1759. A
British army, under General Wolfe, having effected
a landing near the city, attacked and defeated the
French army, under Montcalm, on the heights of
Abraham, to the W. of the town. Wolfe fell in the
moment of victory; and Montcalm, who wf-s also
mortally wounded in the action, expired soon after.
The French, panic-struck by the loss of the battle
and the death of their commander-in-chief, surren-
dered the city before even a single battery had been
opened against it. A monument was erected, under
the patronage of Lord Dalhousie, in the gardens of
the chateau, inscribed to the " Immortal memory of
Wolfe and Montcalm."
156 ROUTE FROM
ENVIRONS OF QUEBEC.
Falls of Montmorencie, a beautiful cataract of
Montmorencie river, which falls into the St. Law-
rence, 9 miles below Quebec. The perpendicular
pitch is 246 feet ; and bein^^ in full view from the St.
Lawrence, affords one of the most magnificent
scenes in Canada.
Island of Orleans, an island of the St. Law.
rence, commences near the outlet of Montmorencie,
and extends about 20 miles in a N. E. direction. It
is well cultivated, and produces immense quantities
of garden vegetables for the supply of the Quebec
markets. The principal villages on the island arc,
St. Pierre, St. Laurent, St. Jean, St. Famille, and
St. Fiancois.
Beaufort, a neat village, which commences
about 5 miles N. E. from Quebec, and extends, in
one continued street, to the Falls of Montmorencie.
Charleshourg, six miles N. W., and New Lorette
and Sonbrouze, about 10 miles west from Quebec,
are neat villages, each having a church. Old Lo^
rette and St. Foi, the former 8 and the latter 6 miles
S. W. from the city, are also pretty little towns.
Chaudierre Falls, about 10 miles from Quebec,
are in the Chaudierre river, which enters the south
side of the St. Lawrence, 6 miles above the city.
The falls, which descend 130 feet, are four miles
from the mouth of the river.
In descending the St. Lawrence from Quebec, the
first object which attracts attention is Point Levy,
surmounted by the little village of St. Joseph. Ten
miles below are, St. Laurent, on the north, and
Beaumont, on the south bank. These are succeeded
by St. Michel, St. Vallier, and Berihier, (25 miles
from Quebec,) all on the south side of the river ;
which, at the latter place, is nearly 10 miles in width.
Cape Tourment, 10 miles below the island of Or,
leans, is an elevated bluff, 1,800 feet in height.
MONTREAL TO KINGSTON. 157
Jioute from Montreal to Kingston, and thence to
Niagara, hy steamboat, ^c.
La Chine, 8
Cascades, 16 24
Cedres, 7 31
Coteau du Lac, 7 38
Lake St. Francis, 4 42
St. Regis, 22 64
Cornwall, 6 70
Long Saute Island, 10 80
Chrysler's Field, 17 97
Hamilton, 1 98
Prescott 18 116
Brockville, 14 130
Kingston, 48 178
Oswego, 58 236
Coburg, 74 310
Port Hope, 36 346
Toronto, 66 412
Niagara Village, 30 442
Queenston, 7 449
Falls of Niagara, 6 455
La Chine, a town of Montreal island, and one
of the principal seats of the fur trade, situated near
the f~^ E. point of the island, at the commencement
of th^ canal around the La Chine rapids.
Cascades, a part of the St. Lawrence, which
being greatly reduced in breadth by the intervention
of an island and a point that bear this name, presents a
most tumultuous appearance. The dangers of this
pass are avoided by a small canal which has been
cut across the point leading into lake St. Louis.
Cedres, a small village of Vaudreuil, on the St,
Lawrence, opposite the rapids of "Les Cedres."
Coteau da Lac, rapids of the St. Lawrence,
which are overcome by a series of locks. The vil-
lage of Coteau du Lac is on the north bank of the
river, near the rapids.
14
158 ROUTE FROM
Lake St. Francis, an expansion of the St. LaW»
rence, about 30 miles in length, with a mean width
of 4 miles. At the head of the lake is St. Regis, an In-
dian village, situated on the St. Lawrence, just above
the boundary line between New York and Canada.
Cornwall, a village of Stermont, Canada West,
situated on the north bank of the St. Lawrence.
Long Sant Island, in the St. Lawrence.
Chrysler^s Field. — Here the Americans were de-
feated by a British force, under Col. Pearson, Nov.
11, 1813.
Hamilton, a village of St. Lawrence county.
New York.
Frescott, a village of Greenville, Canada West,
situated nearly opposite Ogdensburg.
Brockville, a flourishing town and seat of jus-
tice for Jjceds county, Canada West.
Kingston, a large and important town of west-
ern Canada, which occupies tht? site of old fort Fron-
tenac, at the outlet of lake Ontario, opposite Grand
island. It was laid out in 1784, and is now the most
populous in the province, having about 3,0(10 inhab-
itants, its situation, as an entrep6t between Canada
and the United States, is very advantageous. The
harbor is excellent, and admits vessels of the largest
size. Its public buildings are, 4 churches, a court
house, jail, hospital, and some others. The Rideau
canal, the most extensive and costly work in British
America, commences here, and extends in a general
N. E. direction to Bytown, on the Ottawa, a distance
of 129i miles.
Oswego, an incorporated village and seatof jus-
tice of Oswego county, situated on lake Ontario, at
the mouth of Oswego river. Besides the court house
and other county buildings, there are, 7 churches, a
custom house, 2 banks, an academy, and about 600
other buildings, including 2 cotton factories, 7 flour-
ing mills, tan yard, morocco factory, 2 iron foundries,
6 machine shops, a snuff factory, pla-^ter, planing, and
MONTREAL TO KlJTGSTOPr. 159
saw mills, 2 ship yards, <<r-c. Tiie town and harbor
are defended by fort Ontario, situated on the right
bank of the river, at its confluence with lake Ontario.
The site of old fort Oswego, which was on the oppo-
site side of the river, is now occupied by a ship yard,
a marine railway, and warehouses. The Oswefro
canal extends hence to Syracuse, a distance of 38
miles, where it intersects the Erie canal.
Osv/ego, which has a population of not less than
5,000, is the most populous and commercial town on
the shore of lake Ontario, and its manufactures are
vast and various. The Oswego river affords an al-
most unlimited water power, which is employed by
many of the factories and workshops ; and its means
of inter-communication are not less important.
Cohurg and Port Hope are two small villages of
Newcastle district, Canada West.
Tor9nto, formerly the seat of government for
Upper Canada, is beautifully situated within an ex-
cellent harbor, formed by a peninsula, which con-
fines a basin of water sufficiently capacious to con-
tain a large fleet. It was originally called York,
which name was changed to that of Toronto a short
tinte prior to the late disturbances in Canada, which
at once deprived the place of its consequence as the
scat of government, and also led to the abolition of the
constitutional system, which, until then, had been in
operation.
Niagara Village, a small settlement and fort on
the west bank of Niagara river, at its «ntrance into
lake Ontario.
Queenston, a small viMage of Niagara district,
Canada West, situated on Niagara river, nearly op-
posite to Lewistown.
The battle of Queenston, in which the British
General, Brock, was killed, October 13, 1812, was
fought on the heights near the village, upon which a
monument to the memory of Brock has been erected.
Niagara Falls.f
INDEX
A PAGE.
Acquackanonk. 42
Albany 57
Albany, routes from 59
Albion 77
Alden 68
Alexandria 83
Amsterdam 60
Angelica 106
Antwerp 102
Argyle 88
Astoria 24
Athens 55
Attica 68
Avon springs 107
Auburn ,... 63
B
Baie 148
Baker's falls 85
Ballston lake 80
Ballston Spa 79
Barnegat 52
Batavia 67
Bath 108
Batiscon 149
Beaufort 156
Beaumont 156
Bedford ... 25
Bedlov/'s island 29
Bemu's heights 89
Bergen 67
Bergen, N.Y 72
PAGE.
Berthier 156
Bingliamton 104
Blackrock 69
Bloomingdale 28
Booneville 100
Bordentown 30
Boston 115
Boucherville 147
Bridgeport 118
Bridgeport 64
Brighton 26
Bristol 39
Bristol 54
Brockport 77
Brockville 158
Brooklyn 23
Brownville 101
Buffalo 68
Buffalo, routes from 109
Bull's ferry 44
BurHngton 91
Burlington, N. J. ... 30
C
Cohoes falls 74
Caledonia 106
Caldwell 82
Caldwell's landing.. 49
Camillus 63
CJanaan falls 119
Canada, general view 120
Canajoharie 74
14*
162
INDEX.
PAGE.
Canals of N.Y 10
Canandaigua 65
Cape Tourment 156
Cape Sante 149
Cascades 157
Cayastota 75
Canterbury 118'
Carthage 102
Castle Williams 29
Caughnewaga 60
CatskiU 55
Cayuga 64
Cayuga lake 64
Cedres 157
Charlesbourg 156
Chatham 4
Charlton 95
Four Corners 93
Chaudiere falls 156
Chenango forks 104
Cherry Valley 90
Chester 94
Chester, N.J 40
Chittenango 75
Chrysler's field 158
Churchville 67
Champlain 149
Cleveland 109
Clyde 76
Coeymans 56
Coburg 159
Cold Spring 50
Columbiaville 56
Columbus 53
Conneaut 109
Connecticut river.... 114
Coney island 25
Cooperstovi'ii 91
PAQEi
Coteau du Lac 157
Cornwall 119
Cornwall Con 158
Cortland 92
Coxsackie 56
Crooked lake 65
Croton 47
Croton aqueduct .... 47
Croton river 47
Crown point 85
D
Dalton 94
Dansville 107
Dechambault 149
Dekalb 102
Denmark 100
Deruvter 92
Detroit IIU
D'.bb's ferry 45
Duanesburg 90
Dunkirk 109
E
Earlville 103
Easton 88
Easton, Pa 41
Eddyville 54
Elbridge..... 63
Elizabethtown 32
Elizabethport 29
Erie 109
Esperance 90
Essex 86
F
Fairport 77
Falkner's islands.... 114
Fishkill 51
Flatbush 25
Flushing 24
I5DEX.
163
PAOE.
iF'lushing bay 113
Fonda 67
Fort Ann 90
Fort Clinton 49
Fort Edward 89
Fort Hamilton 25
Fort Lee 44
Fort Miller 89
Fort Montgomery ... 49
Fort Plain 74
Fort Schlosser 70
Fortsville 81
Framingham 95
Frankfort 74
Fredonia Ill
Fultonville 74
G
Geddes 75
Genesee falls 67
Geneseo 307
Geneva 65
German Valley 40
Glasgow 54
Glenn's falls 82
Glenville 60
Gravesend 25
Gregoire 148
Grondines 149
Granville 88
Greenbush 57
Greene 104
H
Hamburg 52
Hamburg Ill
Hamilton 103
Hamilton, Con 158
Harlem 28
Harsimus... 27
PAGE.
Hartford, N.J 88
Hartford, Con 120
Hastings 45
Haverstraw 47
Hell Gate 112
Henrietta 107
Herkimer 62
Herkimer bridge ... . 74
Highlands ....; 48
Hightstown 30
Hoboken 27
Holly 77
Hudson 55
Hudson river 43
Hulberton 77
Hyde Park 53
I
Irving Ill
Ithaca 92
J
Jamaica 24
Jersey City 27
Jessup's falls 82
Jewett's City 118
Jordan 75
K
Kent 119
Kinderhook 93
Kinderhook landing 56
Kingsbridge 45
Kingsbury 85
Kingston 115
Kingston, Con 158
I Kingston 54
Knowlesville 77
L
La Chine 157
164
IJ»DEX.
PAG.E
Lake George 82
Lake St. Francis.... 158
Lake St. Peter 148
La Prairie 87
Lancaster 68
Lansingburg 87
Lenox 62
Liberty ]08
Little falls 6i
Liverpool 149
Lockport 78
Lodi 75
Long island sound... 113
Lorette 156
Long Saut island ... 158
Lotbiniere 149
Lowville 100
Lyons 76
M
Madison 103
Manhattanville 28
Manlius Centre 75
Martinsburg 100
Matouchin 34
Mansfield 41
Marlboro' 52
JMartinsville 50
Matteawan 51
Mechanicsville 89
Medina 77
Meriden 120
Mendham 40
Middieport 77
Middletown 24
Milton 52
Montezuma 76
Montmorenci 156
Montreal 143
Montreal, rts. frm. 84-147 I
PAGE.
Morganville 67
Morristown 40
Moscow 106
Mount Morris 106
N
Newark, N. .T 31
Newark. N Y 76
New Baltimore 56
New Boston 75
New Brunswick 34
Newburg 50
New Hartford 103
New Haven 119
New Haven harbor. ] 14
New London, Con.. 117
New London, N. Y. 75
New Paltz landing . 53
New Milford 118
New Rochelle land'g 113
Newtown, Con 118
Newtown 24
New Windsor 50
New Utrecht 25
New York State, gen-
eral view 5
New York city 14
New Y., routes from 112
Niagara falls 70
Niagara village 159
Noraye 148
Norwich 104
Norwich, Con 117
Nunda Valley 106
Nyack 46
O
Ogdensburg 102
Olean 106
Clean, routes from... 106
Oriskany 75
SWDE*.
1 05
PAGE.
Orleans island 156
Oswego 158
Dwasco lake 63
Oxford 104
Oxford, Mass 118
P
Palatine bridge ...... 61
Palisades 44
Palmer 94
Palmyra 76
Paris Hill 103
Passaic falls 42
PeekskiU 49
Pendleton 78
Pelham 53
Piermont 45
Pine Orchard 55
Pittsfield 93
Perth Amboy ^9
Pittsford 77
Plattsburg 86
Point du Lac 148
Point Levy 156
Port Byron 76
Port Gibson 76
Port Hope 159
Port Kent 86
Poughkeepsie 52
Prescott 158
Princeton 35
Providence 115
Q
Quebec 149
Quebec, environs of 149
Queenston 159
R
Rahway 33
Railroads of N. Y. . 9
Hed Hook landing... 54
pAge
Remsen 100
Rhynbeck 53
Richmond 93
Robins Reef. 29
Rochester 66
Rochester, rts. from 105
Rockaway 25
Rome 62
Round lake 80
Rouse's Point 86
S
St. Pierre 156
St. Laurent 156
St. Jean 156
St. Frangois 156
St. Foi 156
St. Joseph 156
St. Michel 156
St. Vallief 156
St. Regis 158
St. Augustine 149
St. Nicolas 149
St. Anne 149
St. Croix 149
St. John's 87
St. Francis 148
St. Johnsville 61
St. Pierre 149
St. Isabelle 148
St. Sulpice 148
Sacketi'3 Harbor.... lOl
Sandy Hill ;.... 84
Sandusky 110
Saratoga lake 81
Saratoga springs 80
Saugerties 54
Schagiicoke 88
Schodack 56
Schenectady GO
lee
tNl>E2t.
PACK.
Schooley's Mt. Spr. 41
SchuylersvilJe 89
Scottsville lOG
SenecaLake 64
Sharon Springs 90
Sherburne 103
Sleepy Hollow 46
Smyrna 93
Sing Sing 46
Somerville 102
South Amboy 29
Sonbrouze 156
Spencersville 77
Springfield 94
Spotswood 30
Spuyton Duyvei Crk. 45
Stamford 113
Statesburg 53
Stillwater 89
Stonington 114
Stony Point 48
Stratford Point 113
Syracuse 62
T
Tappan 46
Tappan Sea 46
Tarrytown 46
Tellers Point 47
Thames River 114
Thompson 118
Three Rivers 148
Throg's Point 113
Ticonderoga 83
TivoU 54
Tompkinsville 26
Tonawanda 69
Toronto 159
Trenton 100
Trenton, N.J 37
PAGE
Tripe's Hill 60
Troy 95
Troy, routes from ... 97
Truxiun 92
Turin 100
U
Utica 98
Utica, routes from ... 100
V
Valtrie 148
Varennes 148
Verplanck's City .... 48
Victor 66
Vienna -.-.i 65
W
Wallingford 120
Warren 94
Washington, Mass.. 94
Waterford 83
Waterloo 64
Watertown 100
Waterville 103
Wehawken 28
Westfield Ill
Westport 85
Westchester 28
West Point 49
West Sprinofield.... 94
West Stockbridge... 119
West Troy 73
Whitehall 85
Whitesboro' 62
Williarnsbarg 23
WiUiam Henry 148
Worcester 95
Y
Yamaska 148
Yonkers 45
1^. R. TANNER,
153 Broadway, three doors ahove l^iberty st*
HAS RECENTLT PUBLISHED, AND FOK SALE,
TANNER'S UNIVERSAL ATLAS,
CONTAINING
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&c., &c.
TAOER'S AMERICAN TRAVELLER j
OR
GUIDE THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES:
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ACCOMPANIED BY A CORRECT MAP.
(An entirely new Edition.)
Together with a variety of Portable Maps of the Uni.
ted States, and every State and Territory in the
Union, Canada and Texas.
Large Maps of Europe, Asia, Africa, North and
South Ameiica, for private Libraries, or Schools.
A Description op the Canals and Railroads of the United
States : comprehending Notices of all the Works of Internal
Improvement throughout the several States 5 with Maps and
Profiles. By Henrv S. Tanner, Esq.
T. R. TANNER keeps also for sale, a constant supply of Guide
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v\
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